AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION. 



V 



CONSTITUTION. 




■ Whereas, The manufacture of iron, in its various 
branches, has acquired an importance in this country 
second only to the great agricultural interest; and 
whereas, its more rapid and economical development 
has been retarded by want of unity of action and free 
intercommunication of opinions and experiences among 
those interested ; and whereas, we believe great advan- 
tages are best obtained by united action, we therefore 
deem it important to form an association in this city, to 
be called the American Iron Association. 

The general objects of this Association shall be to 
procure regularly the statistics of the trade, both at 
home and abroad. To provide for the mutual inter- 
change of information and experience, both scientific 
and practical. To collect and preserve all works re- 
lating to iron, and to form a complete cabinet of ores, 
limestones, and coals. To encourage the formation of 
such schools as are designed to give the young iron 
master a proper and thorough scientific training, pre- 
paratory to engaging in practical operations. And, 
generally, to take all proper measures for advancing 
the interests of the trade in ail its branches. 

ARTICLE I. 

The affairs of the Association shall be conducted by 
a board of twenty-one managers, to be chosen annually 
by ballot, on the second "Wednesday of March, by the 
members of the Association. They shall continue in 
office one year, and until others be chosen, and shall 
have power to fill vacancies that may occur in their 
body. They shall, from among their members, at thpir 
first stated meeting, elect a President, a first and second 
Vice-President, and a Treasurer. 

Three members shall constitute a quorum at any 
meeting of the Board of Managers. The first election 
shall be held on the sixth day of March, A. D. 1855. 

ARTICLE II. 

The Association shall meet on the second Wednes- 
day of March, June, September, and December in every 



year. The President, or, in his absence, either of the 
Vice-Presidents, shall call a meeting of the Association 
whenever requested by ten members, in writing; Pro- 
vided, that the first stated meeting shall be held on the 
sixth day of March, A. D. 1855. 

ARTICLE III. 

The Board of Managers shall meet statedly on the 
second Monday in every month, for the transaction of 
such business as may come before them, and, at the 
stated meeting in March, shall lay before the Associa- 
tion a report of the proceedings of the year. The 
meetings of the Board of Managers shall always be 
open to every member of the Association to take part 
in the proceedings, but to have no vote upon any 
question. 

ARTICLE IV. 

The funds of the Association shall be at all times 
subject to the control and disposition of the Board of 
Managers, but they shall have no power or authority 
to enter into any contract whatever in behalf of the 
Association, nor are the members to be at any time 
accountable for any contracts made by the Directors, 
beyond the funds in the hands of the Treasurer. 

ARTICLE V. 

All persons, firms, or incorporated companies, inte- 
rested in the manufacture of iron in the United States, 
may become members of the Association upon paying 
a contribution fee annually, in advance, as follows : — 

For one charcoal furnace, ten dollars. 

More than one " twenty dollars. 

One mineral coal " twenty " 

More than one " forty " 

One rolling-mill twenty " 

More than one rolling-mill forty " 

All other description of works, each five dollars. 

Provided, that no one individual, firm, or company, 
shall be required to pay an annual contribution of 



U-^ 






more than forty dollars. Persons not engaged in the 
manufacture of iron, but whose pursuits are in har- 
mony with the objects of this Association, may be 
elected members by the Board of Managers, and shall 
pay an annual contribution of twenty dollars. Hono- 
rary or corresponding members may also be elected 
by the Board of Managers. 

All members chosen by the Board shall be elected 
by ballot, and the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the 
members present shall be necessary to elect. The 
candidates for election shall be nominated at one stated 
meeting, and the election take place at the next or some 
subsequent stated meeting. All members elected by 
the Board, shall be reported to the next meeting of the 
Association. 

Any member who refuses the payment of his con- 
tribution for one year, shall not be entitled to vote. 
Should payment of the same be omitted for two years, 
his right of membership in the Association shall be 
forfeited, but he shall not thereby be released from the 
payment of his arrears. The resignation of any mem- 



ber not in arrears, shall be accepted by the Board of 
Managers. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Firms and incorporated companies shall be entitled 
to only one vote. Incorporated companies must be 
represented by one of their officers, or by a member 
of their Board of Managers, duly appointed for the 
purpose. 

ARTICLE YII. 

The Board of Managers shall have power to make 
such By-Laws as may be deemed necessary, not incon- 
sistent with this Constitution; to employ a Secretary; 
and to allow him such compensation as they may think 
proper. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

Any alteration or amendment in these articles shall 
be proposed at a stated or special meeting of the Asso- 
ciation, to be approved by two-thirds of the members 
present. 



BY-LA W S. 



ARTICLE I. 

President. — The President shall preside at the 
meetings of the Board; he shall sign all orders upon 
the Treasurer when the accounts shall have been 
passed by the Board; and shall call special meetings 
whenever he shall receive a written request signed by 
three members. In his absence, one of the Vice-Presi- 
dents shall preside, and should neither be present, a 
chairman j9ro tern, may be chosen. 

article II. 

Treasurer. — It shall be the duty of the Treasurer 
to receive all the moneys of the Association, and to 
deposit them in the name of the Association, in such 
institution as the Board may direct. He shall make 
no payments without written vouchers from the Board. 
He shall keep accurate accounts of the income and 
disbursements, and shall exhibit accurate statements 
of his receipts and payments at the stated meetings, 



and whenever called upon by the Board. He shall, if 
required, give bonds for the faithful performance of his 
trust. 

article III. 

Secretary. — The Secretary shall keep correct re- 
cords of all proceedings of the Board, subject at all 
times to the inspection of any of its members. He 
shall keep a roll of the members' names, and at every 
meeting note the absentees and also those who attend 
later than the fixed hour of meeting. He shall notify 
every committee of its appointment through the chair- 
man within two days, and shall issue notices of every 
special meeting of the Board. He shall attest all orders 
drawn by the Board. He shall have charge of the room 
of the Association and of all their property, except that 
in charge of the other officers or committees. He shall 
not lend any document or paper of the Board to any 
member thereof without a receipt. He shall act as 
corresponding secretary and answer all letters ad- 



^^ ^LJlOO 



dressed to the Association; and open and maintain 
such correspondence as may tend to advance its in- 
terests, and keep a record thereof, subject to the direc- 
tion of the Board. He shall acknowledge all donations, 
and shall notify honorary and corresponding members 
of their election. He shall act as secretary for all stand- 
ing committees. He shall, under direction of the Com- 
mittee on Statistics, collect statistics, specimens for the 
cabinet, and publications; and generally devote his 
time to the promotion of the objects of the Associa- 
tion. All bills must be examined and signed by him 
before presentation to the Board, and he shall report 
at each stated meetings of the Board, except when 
absent on duty. 

ARTICLE IV. • 

Meetings. — The stated meetings of the Board shall 
be held on the evening of the second Monday in each 
month, at eight o'clock. A fine of ten cents shall be 
levied on each member who is absent when the hour 
of meeting arrives, and an additional fifteen cents shall 
be due from each member who does not appear during 
the meeting, except in case of sickness or absence from 
the city. 

AETICLE V. 

Order of Business. — The order of business at the 
meetings of the Board shall be as follows: — 



1. Calling the roll. 

2. Eeading minutes of last meeting. 

3. Eeports from Secretary and Treasurer. 

4. " " Standing Committees. 

5. " " Select Committees. 

6. Unfinished business. 

7. New business. 

8. Calling the roll. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Standing Committees. — Standing committees on 
the following subjects shall be nominated by the Presi- 
dent or Chairman, and be approved by the Board, 
viz: — 

1. On statistics. 

2. On finance. 

They shall keep regular minutes of their proceedings, 
and report them monthly to the Board. Select com- 
mittees may be appointed in any usual manner. 

ISTo committee shall have power to contract any debt 
unless previously authorized by the Board of Managers, 
and an appropriation made by them. 

ITo bill shall be paid without having been first passed 
at a regular meeting of the committee incurring the 
expense, and being certified as correct by the chair- 
man of that committee. 



Officers for the Year 1856 — to March, 1857. 



Hon. G. N. Eckert, President. 

Gen. James Irvin, 1st Vice-President. 

John H. Towne, 2d Vice President. 

Chas. E. Smith, Treasurer. 

J. P. Lesley, Secretary. 



The American Iron Association organized itself, March 6, 1855. Its objects are sufficiently stated in 
the foregoing Constitution, and the By-laws explain themselves. But it may not be considered upon how 
different an economical basis a voluntary society of this kind must stand, from that of a newspaper office, or 
business firm, where moneyed interests are personal and immediate, and responsibilities are a matter of trade 
calculation. Whatever publications this Association shall hereafter issue, are intended to be of superior 
value for accuracy, and will therefore require extra care and research. As they are, moreover, intended only 
for the members of the Association, the limited number of persons responsible for the expense enhances its 
ratio greatly. The tariff of membership was necessarily, therefore, put high, barely to cover the yearly 
liabilities ; and it is hoped that the value of the data collected, and the form in which it appears, will not 
only be approved by those who are at present members, but induce many to join the Association, to render 
its operations as efficient as possible. It is desirable to have it include all who are personally interested in 
the manufacture of iron, not in Pennsylvania only, but in the United States ; and means will be taken to 
follow up the exhibit of the Pennsylvania iron works, with successive exhibits of those of New Jersey, 
Maryland, New York, Ohio, Tennessee and Missouri. Having once organized these statistics for the country 
in a permanent form, they will be issued yearly to the members, with such corrections, additions and notes 
as may become necessary. In all this no attempt is made to obtain or expose those details of private business, 
with which this Association and the practical scientific discussion of iron evidently have nothing to do. On 
the contrary, it is for the purpose of protecting these private interests by keeping each member informed 
of what is practically well doing in the manufacture, and by keeping those in power aware of the immense 
interests involved in it, at stake if it be injudiciously meddled with, that the effort is now earnestly made 
to arrive at and properly show the material facts. There are many practical questions, such as the best 
proportions of stack and arrangement of works, which can only be settled by a more extensive comparison 
of working plans than comes within the reach of most persons. To this will be added a careful examination 
and location on maps of all ore deposits, with the facilities for transportation afforded already, or desirable 
in future. 

With the amount of stock on hand, the price of pig-iron, and in general the varying interests of the day, 
this Association has nothing to do. Producers and consumers of pig-iron are members in common. To 
attempt to raise the price of the raw material would be as unjust to the owners of rolling mills and forges, 
as to depreciate it would be injurious to furnace men. A discussion of any but interests strictly common to 
all is out of the question. 

All communications should be addressed to 

J, P. LESLEY, 

Secretary Amer. Iron Asso., 

N. E. corner Walnut and 8th Sts., 

. Philadelphia. 



INDEX 



GENERAL 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



1855 



1855 



Constitution and By-Laws ..... 

Officers for 1856-7 . 

Index to Tables ....... 

Review of iron market for half year ending December 8, 
Imports of R. R. bars for 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855 
Philadelphia iron quotations, 1855 .... 

Imports of foreign pig iron, 1850 — 1855 . 

Imports of Scotch pig, 1853, 1854 .... 

Imports of iron to June 30, 1855 .... 

Stock, consumption, and sales at Pittsburg since April 1 
Condition of Pennsylvania iron works, January 1, 1856 
Synopsis of Pennsylvania iron statistics, 1854, 1855 
Appeal to iron masters ...... 

Report of meeting, January 14, 1856 

Report of meeting, February 12, 1856 

Imports of iron for five years ending June 30, 1855 

Prices of imported iron and steel " " 

Railroads in the United States on 31st December, 1855 

British iron market ...... 

Exports from Liverpool to United States 1853, '54, '55 
Comparative statement of Scotch pig and malleable iron, Glas- 
gow, December 31, 1855 



PAOE 
1 

4 

7 
13 
15 

16 
17 
17 

18 
18 
19 
20 
21 
23 
25 
26 
27 
27 
28 
29 

30 



Prices of merchant bar in Liverpool, 1850 — 1855 
Comparative view of exports of manufactured iron from Liver- 
pool, 1853, '54, '55 

Exports of Scotch pig to United States, 1853, '54, '55 
ilSxports of pig iron from Liverpool to United States 



Members of Iron Association, February 15, 1856 

Review of iron interest, April 12, 1856 

Consumption of iron in 1855 at various places in United States, 

especially R. R. iron 

Quantity and value of R. R. iron imported into U. S. from 30th 

June, 1839, to 1855 ........ 

Quantity and value of all importations of iron into United 

States for six months to December 31, 1855 



PAGE 

30 

31 
31 
31 

31 
33 

34 

35 

36 



Bessemer's process of smelting iron 37 

Anthracite blast furnaces in Pennsylvania . . . .49 

Map to accompany the same 50 

Bessemer's process 53 

Newton's process ; Parry's process ; Margesson's process ; Ucha- 

tius' process . . . . 55 

Heath's process 56 



Table A. Anthracite blast furnaces in the United States 
Summary of the facts of Table A, by C. B. Smith 
Notes to Table A 



Annual meeting, March 11, 1857 
List of members 



Table B, C, D. Furnaces, forges, and rolling mills of New England . 
Table B. Furnaces, charcoal and coal, from the Hudson to the Potomac 
Table F. Forges from the Hudson to the Potomac . 
Table G. Rolling mills from the Hudson to the Potomac 
Table H. Furnaces south of the Potomac 

Furnaces west of the Alleghenies 
Table I. Forges south of the Potomac 

Forges in New York and the "\Yest 
Table J. Rolling mills of the West and North 
Table K. Furnaces of the far West and North 
Summary 



57 
61 
65 

69 
71 

73 
82 
90 
102 
110 
118 
134 
146 
154 
158 
166 



INDEX 



ALL THE IRON WORKS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



•3 Name. 


ho 


S fe 


PL, 


A 




I 3S4 Abrams-creek forge 


142 


C 9 Ackworth forge 


74 


K 598 .iEtna furnace 


158 


D 14 Agawam rolling m. 


78 


I 366 Aikens's forge 


42 


H 469 Akron furnace 


126 


D 30 Albany furnace 


78 


K 549 Alexander's furnace 


158 


I 36S Alexander's forge 


142 


1 313 Aliculsie forge 


138 


I 310 AUatooua forge 


138 


H 245 AUatoona furnace 


114 


E 136 Allegheny furnace 


86 


H 367 AUeeheuy furnace 


122 


F 192 Allegheny forge 


98 


J 212 Allen E. M. 


154 


I 374 Allen's furnace 


142 


A 29 AUentown furnace 


68 


K 638 Alpina furnace 


162 


H 629 Amanda furnace 


130 


H 257 Amanda furnace 


114 


B 32 Amenia furnace 


74 


D 21 American h. nail 


78 


H 366 American furnace 


122 


J 150 American R. M. 


154 


I 321 Amerine forge 


138 


I 382 Amerine forge 


142 


C 16 Ames' works forge 


74 


G 129 Amory rolling m. 


106 


H 296 Anna furnace 


118 


H 436 Annandale furnace 


122 


F 183 Antes forge 


98 


E 102 Antietam furnace 


82 


G 126 Antietam rolling m. 


106 


K 684 Antonio furnace 


158 


I 489 Arkansas forge 


151 


,H 526 Argolite furnace 


130 


I 470 Argolite forge 


146 


H 264 Arial furnace 


114 


I 195 Armory forge 


134 


F 147 Ashland forge 


98 


H 352 Ashland furnace 


118 


A 119 Ashland furnace 


62 


K 576 Ashland furnace 


158 


H 354 Astonville furnace 


118 


I 429 Au Sable forge 


146 


H 429 Au Sable forge 


156 


H 209 Australia furnace 


110 


G 129 Avalon rolling mill 


106 



I 393 
E 132 
H 274 
I 288 
F 124 
G 124 
F 177 
H 223 
F 72 
I 240 
H 205 
D 4 
F 47 
H 335 
H 157 
K574 
E 111 
H 394 
I 361 
I 472 
B 15 
F 166 



Baker forges 
Bald Eagle furnace 
Ball Play furnace 
Ballou's forge 
Baltimore steam f. 
Baltimore E. M. 
Barre 1 & 2 forges 
Barren Spring furn. 
Bartleyville forges 
Barton's forge 
Bath furnace 
Bay State rolling ra. 
Beach Glen forge 
Bear Creek furuaca 
Bear Garden furn. 
Bear Spring 
Beaver furnace 
Beaver furnace 
Beaver Creek forge 
Beaver forge 
Beckley furnace 
Bedford forge 



•5 o" Name. 

Eh K 

B 35 Beekman's furnace 
G 106 Bellefonte R. M. 
F 173 Bellefonte forge 
H 630 Bellefonte furnace 
K 592 Bellevne furnace 
H 277 Belleville furnace 
I 389 Belleville forge 
K 573 Bellwood furnace 
J 185 Belmont R. M. 
K 646 Belmont furnace 
B 31 Benedict's furnace 
I 461 Benuer's forge 
E 137 Bennington furnace 
H 345 Ben's Creek furn. 
A 1 Berkshire furnace 
A 2 Berkshire furnace 
E 110 Berlin furnace 
F 161 Berlin forge 
H 443 Big Bend furnace 
I 489 Big Creek forge 
I 489 Big Creek forge 
E 73 Big Pond furnace 
F 138 Big Pond forge 
H 477 Big Sand furnace 
I 223 Bill's forge 
G 78 Birdsboro' R. M. 
D 25 Birmingham I. & S. 

Works 
I 479 Biron forge 
H 381 Black Fox furnace 
H 341 Blacklick furnace 
K 626 Black River furnace 
J 217 Black Rock R. M. 
I 262 Blackwood's forge 
E 135 Blair furnace 
J 193 Blandy R. M. 
H 446 Blanche furnace 
I 346 Blevin's forge 
H 513 Bloom furnace 
A 102 Bloom furnace 
J 195 Bloom forge R. M. 
F 49 Bloomery forge 
I 197 Bloomery forge 
H 173 Bloomery furnace 
E 145 Bloomfield furnace 
F 29 Bloomingdale forge 
K 678 Blooming Grove fur. 
I 482 Blooming Grove for. 
H 358 Blossburg furnace 
G 101 BloBsburg R. M, 
I 225 Blue Falls forge 
H 151 Blue Ridge furnace 
H 284 Bluff furnace 
H 636 Boone furnace 
A 19 Boonton furnace 
G 41 Boonton R. M. 
J 221 Boquet I. W. R. M. 
I 253 Bowling Green for. 
J 170 Brady's Bend R. M. 
H 272 Brady's Bend furn. 
G 68 Brandywine R. M. 
G 69 W. Brandyw. R. M. 
I 326 Brantley's forge 
K 619 Branch Co. furnace 
K 630 Brasher furnace 
I 448 Brasher forge 
I 449 Brasher Centre for. 
H 324 Bi-eakneck furnace 
H 462 Briar Hill furnace 
D 8 Bridgewater I. W. 
B 10 Briggs's furnace 
6 133 Briggs's R. M. 
I 275 Briggs's I. W. 
H 271 Bright Hope furn. 
F 112 Brooke forge 
E 125 Brooklaud furnace 
F 163 Brookland forge 



6D 

03 


'g 6 Name. 


1" 


•2 d Name. 


P^ 


H » 


PL, 


e S 


74 


I 246 Brown's forge 


134 


I 207 Catharine forge 


106 


I 376 Brown's forge 


142 


P 121 Castlefin forge 


98 


K 601 Brownsport furnace 


158 


E 100 Catoctin No. 1 furn. 


130 


J 147 Brownsville R. M. 


154 


K 599 Cedar Grove furn. 


1.58 


I 459 Brownsville forge 


146 


E 89 Cedar Point forn. 


114 


I 217 Brunswick forge 


134 


E 94 Cecilia furnace 


142 


F 1.54 Brunswick forge 


98 


E 119 Centre furnace 


1.58 


H 619 Brush Creek furn. 


130 


H 319 Centre furnace 


154 


I 464 Brush Creek forge 


146 


H 502 Centre furnace 


158 


H 177 Bryan's furnace 


110 


K 5.59 Centre furnace 


74 


H 395 Buchanan furnace 


122 


G 94 Central R. M. 


146 


H 485 Buckeye furnace 


126 


I 391 Centreville forge 


86 


H 499 Buckhorn furnace 


126 


B 23 Chapensville furn. 


118 


K 650 Buckner furnace 


1.58 


F 31 Charlottenburg for. 


68 


F 74 Budd's forge 


90 


G 37 Charlottenburg 


58 


B 18 Buena Vista furn. 


74 


F 129 Charming forge 


86 


H 200 Buena Vista furn. 


110 


I 243 Chatham Hill forge 


98 


H 339 Buena Vista furn. 


118 


I 235 Chatwell forge 


126 


H 533 Buena Vista furn. 


130 


G 55 Cheltenham 


1.56 


H 525 Buffalo furnace 


130 


G 136 Cherokee R. M. 


150 


H 361 Buffalo furnace 


122 


G 137 Cherokee I. -W. 


82 


J 21a Buffalo R. M. 


154 


H 240 Cherokee furn 


94 


I 215 Buffalo forge 


134 


I 284 Cherokee I. "W. 


126 


I 279 Buffalo forge 


138 


I 364 Cherokee forge 


134 


I 280 Buffalo I. W. forge 


138 


I 283 Cherokee Ford for. 


102 


H 2&5 Buffalo Creek furn. 


114 


E 87 Chesapeake furn. 




I 277 Buffalo Shoals for. 


138 


B 9 Cheshire furnace 


78 


H 419 Bullion Run furn. 


122 


I 231 Chesnut forge 


151 


A 6 Bull's Falls furnace 


58 


G 65 Chester Co. E. M. 


122 


D 31 Burden's R. M. 


78 


E 69 Chestnut Grove fur. 


118 


F 125 Bushkill forge 


94 


J 214 Chicago E. M. 


162 


I 399 Butler's forge 


142 


A 72 Chickiswalungofur. 


218 






E 139 Chimney Rock furn. 


134 






=1 322 Chinnibe forge 


86 


C 




G 35 Christman's & Dur- 


1.54 






ben's R. M. 


126 


I 385 Cade's Cove forge 


142 


G 36 Christman & Oo.'s 


142 


E 75 Caledonia furnace 


82 


R. M. 


126 


F 139 Caledonia forge 


94 


A 95 Chulasky furnace 


62 


H 202 California furnace 


110 


H 482 Cincinnati furnace 


154 


H 329 California furnace 


118 


J 197 Cincinnati E. M. 


90 


H 347 Cambria furnace 


118 


H 4O6 Clarion furnace 


134 


H 494 Cambria furnace 


126 


H 302 Clarksburg furnace 


110 


J 145 Cambria R. M. 


154 


H 270 Clark's Creek furn. 


86 


A 79 Cameron furnace 


62 


K 568 Clark furnace 


90 


I 328 Camp's forge 


138 


H 415 Clay A furnace 


158 


I 323 Camp Branch forge 


138 


H 445 Clay B furnace 


150 


I 306 Camp Creek forge 


138 


H 251 Clear Creek furnace 


118 


I 370 Camp Creek forge 


142 


I 367 Click's forge 


106 


H 196 Canada furnace 


110 


A 10 Clinton furnace 


134 


I 375 Canada's forge 


142 


J 154 Clinton E. M. 


110 


H 540 Caney furnace 


130 


K 645 Cliuton furnace 


114 


C 17 Canfleld & Robbins' 




H 298 Clinton furnace 


130 


forge 


74 


H 413 Clinton furnace 


68 


F 61 Canistear forge 


90 


H 512 Clinton furnace 


102 


G 122 Canton R. M. 


106 


H 531 Clinton furnace 


154 


H 176 Capon furnace 


110 


I 219 Clifton forgo 


134 


I 199 Capon forge 


134 


H 210 Clifton furnace 


154 


F 136 Carlisle forge 


94 


H 217 Cloverdale furnace 


122 


E 70 Carlisle furnace 


82 


I 400 Cobb's forge 


102 


H 184 Caroline furnace 


110 


E 61 Cold Brook furnace 


102 


H 527 Carolina furnace 


130 


H 308 Cold Spring furnace 


138 


E 77 Carrick furnace 


82 


D 23 Cold Spring I. W. 


162 


F 145 Carrick forge 


94 


F 181 Cold Spring forge 


162 


K 591 Carroll furnace 


158 


F 119 Colemanville forge 


146 


H 163 Carrou furnace 


110 


G 98 Colemanville R. M. 


147 


I 350 Carter Upper forge 


142 


F 175 Colerainel,2&3for. 


118 


I 351 Carter Lower forge 


142 


I 493 Collin's I. W. forge 


126 


H 640 Carter's furnace 


130 


A 100 Columbia furnace 


78 


H 250 Cartersville furn. 


114 


H 181 Columbia furnace 


74 


H 356 Carterville furn. 


118 


H 233 Columbia furnace 


106 


H 220 Catawba furnace 


110 


G 96 Columbia R. M. 


138 


E 105 Catawissa furnace 


82 


F 66 Columbia forge 


114 


F 159 Catawissa forge 


98 


J ISO Columbus R. M. 


94 


H 380 Catfish furnace 


122 


C 3 Commercial P't for. 


86 


H 153 Catharine furnace 


110 


B 5 Conant furnace 


98 


H 187 Catharine furnace 


110 


H 336 Conemaugh furnace 



Name. 



P^ 


^ ^ 


Cu 


134 


A 66 Conestoga furnace 


62 


94 


E 66 Conowingo furnace 


82 


82 


G 56 ConshohockeuR M. 


102 


1.58 


K 640 Constantia furnace 


162 


82 


I 387 Cook's forge 


142 


82 


I 435 Cook's forge 


146 


86 


A 20 Cooper furnace 


58 


118 


I 263 Cooper's forge 


134 


126 


B 29 Copake furnace 


74 


151 


C 14 Copake forge 


74 


102 


H 409 Corsica furnace 


122 


142 


A 69 Cordelia furnace 


62 


74 


A 88 Cornwall furnace 


62 


90 


B 19 Cornwall furnace 


74 


102 


E 62 Cornwall furnace 


82 


94 


B 20 Cornw'U Bridge fur. 


74 


134 


J 174 Cosalo R. M. 


154 


134 


H 198 Cotopaxi furnace 


110 


102 


H 543 Cottage furnace 


130 


106 


F 186 Cove forge 


98 


106 


F 102 Coventry forge 


94 


114 


H 363 Cowanshann'ckfur. 


122 


138 


H 237 Cowpens furnace 


114 


142 


I 293 Cranberry forge 


138 


138 


G 100 Crescent R. M. 


106 


82 


J 183 Crescent E. M. 


154 


74 


K 552 Crittenden furnace 


158 


134 


K 571 Cross Creek furnace 


158 


102 


K 628 Crown Point furn. 


162 


82 


E 74 Cumberland furnace 


82 


154 

62 


J l^^ I Cumberland I. W. 


5 106 
J 154 


86 


G 44 Cumberland R. M. 


102 


138 


H 276 Cumberl'd Gap furn. 


114 


102 


K 590 Cumberland furn. 


158 


102 






62 


D 




126 






1.54 


F 91 Dale forge 


94 


122 


I 445 Danemora forge 


146 


118 


K 629 Danemora furnace 


162 


114 


D 2 Danvers I. W. 


78 


1.58 


I 238 Davis' forge 


134 


122 


H 293 Davis' furnace 


118 


126 


I 417 Dead Water forge 


146 


114 


K 602 Decatur furnace 


1.58 


142 


F 38 Decker's R. V. forge 


90 


58 


H 404 Deer Creek furnace 


122 


154 


G 113 Delaware I. W. 


106 


162 


F 50 Denmark forge 


90 


118 


K 621 Detroit furnace 


162 


122 


H 488 Diamond furnace 


126 


126 


G 112 Diamond State R.M. 


106 


130 


H 472 Dillon's furnace 


126 


134 


F 85 District forge 


94 


110 


F 39 Dixon's R. V. forge 


90 


110 


I 276 Dixon's forge 


138 


142 


H 207 Dolly Ann furnace 


110 


82 


A 74 Donegal furnace 


62 


118 


B 7 Dorset furnace 


74 


78 


B 33 Dover furnace 


74 


98 


H 470 Dover furnace 


126 


94 


G 42 Dover R. M. 


102 


102 


K 575 Dover No. 2 furnace 


158 


98 


P 101 Do Well forge 


94 


151 


H 471 Dresden furnace 


126 


62 


A 84 Dudley furnace 


62 


110 


H 383 Dudley furnace 


122 


114 


I 341 Duggar's forge 


142 


102 


I 379 Dumpling forge 


142 


90 


A 91 Duncannon furnace 


62 


154 


G 92 Duncannon R. M. 


102 


74 


J 165 Duquesne E. M. 


154 


74 


P 43 Durham forge 


90 


118 


A 23 Durham furnace 


68 



8 



Eh a 



A 73 
E 116 
F171 
G lOf) 
J 157 
J 184 
F 63 
J 224 
H 2S1 
H 392 
H 461 
H 481 
I 319 
I 402 
I 404 
D 7 
C 12 
I 469 
K 570 
E 129 
E 99 
H 351 
H 439 
E 57 
E 131 
H 193 
F 176 
I 475 
I 354 
I 420 
H 405 
G 115 
H 158 
E 97 
H 241 
I 444 
I 401 
H 518 
K 560 
I 398 
I 467 
H 435 
1 1 377 
E 107 
H 197 
E 133 
F 185 
H 219 
H 504 
K698 
J 167 
H 246 
G 138 
I 308 
K 620 
H 263 
I 220 
F 94 



Name. 

E 

Eagle furnace 
Eagle furnace 
Eagle forge 
Eagle R. M. 
Eagle A R. M. 
Eagle B R. M. 
Eagle forge 
Eagle I. W. 
Eagle No. 1 fornace 
Eagle A furnace 
Eagle B furnace 
Eagle C furnace 
Eagle forge 
Eagle No. 1 forge 
Eagle No. 2 forge 
E. Bridgewater I W. 
E. Middlebury forge 
East Fork forge 
Eclipse furnace 
Edward furnace 
Elba furnace 
Eliza furnace 
Eliza furnace 
Elizabeth furnace 
Elizabeth furnace 
Elizabotli furnace 
Elizabeth 1 & 2 forge 
Elizabeth forge 
Elizabethton forgo 
Elizabeth town foi'ge 
Elk furnace 
Elk R. M. 
Elk Creek furnace 
Elk Ridge furnace 
Ellen furnace 
Elsinore forge 
Emory's forge 
Empire furnace 
Empire furnace 
England's forge 
Enterprise forge 
Erie furnace 
Erpes' forge 
Esther furnace 
Estilline farnace 
Etna furnace 
Etna forge 
Etna furnace 
Etna furnace 
Etna furnace 
Etna R. M. 
Etowah furnace 
Etowah R. 11. 
Etowah forge 
Eureka furnace 
Evelina furnace 
Exchange forge 
Exeter forge 



I 300 
H 300 
J 146 

I 458 
H312 
C 13 
D 28 
F 78 
G 51 
H 315 
G 93 
J 176 
H 459 
D 19 
H 304 
H 353 
1 411 
I 352 
H 320 
I 332 
I 456 
B 36 
H 476 
F 80 
G 53 
I 266 
B 16 
H 410 
E 109 
1 491 
H 179 
A 9 
K 604 
G 52 
I 215 
B 2 
A 96 
C 20 



Fain forge 
Fairchance furnace 
Fairchance R. M. 
Fairchance forge 
Fairfield furnace 
Fairharen forge 
Fairhaven R. 11. 
Fairhill forge 
Fairmount R. M. 
Fairview farnace 
Fairview R. M. 
Falcon R. M. 
Falcon furnace 
Fall River I. W. 
Fanny furnace 
Farraudsville furn. 
Farmers' forge 
Farm Hall forge 
Fayette furnace 
Fayette Co. forge 
Felson's forge 
FishkiU furnace 
Five Mile furnace 
Flatrock forge 
Flatrock R. M. 
Forbush forge 
Forbes I. Co. furn. 
Forest furnace 
Forest furnace 
Forest J. W. forge 
Fort furnace 
Fort Edward furn. 
Forty-eight furnace 
Fountain Green 
Fox Creek forge 
Franconia furnace 
Franklin furnace 
Franklin forge 



62 

86 

98 

106 

154 

154 

90 

154 

114 

122 

126 

126 

138 

142 

142 

78 

74 

146 

158 

86 

82 

118 

126 

82 

86 

110 

98 

146 

142 

146 

122 

106 

110 

82 

114 

146 

M2 

130 

158 

142 

146 

]22 

142 

86 

110 

86 

98 

110 

120 

l.iS 

151 

114 

106 

138 

162 

114 

13 1 

94 



138 

lis 

lot 

146 

118 

74 

78 

94 

102 

118 

102 

154 

126 

78 

lis 

lis 

142 

142 

118 

138 

146 

74 

126 

94 

102 

134 

74 

122 

86 

151 

110 

58 

158 

102 

334 

74 

62 

74 



K 612 
F 98 
F 187 
H 258 
H 378 
H 516 
J 171 

196 
84 

140 
40 

162 

27S 
I 236 
I 259 
K 634 
I 452 
K 558 
I 466 



Name. 

Franklin furnace 
Franklin furnace 
Franklin furnace 
Franklin forge 
Franklin forge 
Franklin farnace 
Fr'klin (W. C.) fur. 
Franklin furnace 
Franklin E. M. 
Franklin R. M. 
Franklin E. M. 
Frankstown furnace 
Freedom furnace 
Freedom forge 
Froneberger forge 
Frost's forge 
Fulk's forge 
Fullerville furnace 
Fullerville forge 
Fulton furnace 
Fulton forge 



H 495 
E 141 
G 139 
E 138 
E 64 
H 1.50 
K 563 
G 79 
I 213 
F 99 
F 100 
G 143 
F 83 
C 7 
H417 
D 3 
A 26 
H 201 
I 218 
J 198 
I 403 
D 17 
H 213 
I 233 
G 132 
K 565 
F 82 
B 4 
E 103 
H 534 
H 292 
D 27 
A 17 
E 37 
E 127 
F 107 
E 86 



G 

Gallia furnace 
Gap furnace 
Gate City R. M. 
Gaysport furnace 
Georgianna furnace 
Georgetown furnace 
Gerard furnace 
Gibraltar R. M. 
Gibraltar forge 
Gibraltar forge 
Gibraltar foi'ge 
Gillespie's E. M. 
Glasgow forge 
Glastonbury forge 
Glen furnace 
Glendon R. M. 
Glendon furnace 
Glenwood furnace 
Globe forge 
Globe E. M. 
Gordan forge 
Gosnold Mills R. II. 
Grace furnace 
Graham's forge 
Graham's E. II. 
Great Western furn. 
Greeulane forge 
Green Mount' n fur. 
Greenspriug furn. 
Greenup furnace 
Greenville furnace 
Greenwich I. W. 
Greenwood furnace 
Greenwood furnace 
Greenwood furnace 
Greenwood forge 
Gunpowder furnace 



H 4S0 
H 442 
E 48 
E 55 
1 356 
J 194 
I 290 
F 56 
E 84 
I 200 
H 441 
A 80 
H 515 
G 95 
H 438 
H 221 
E 115 
F 1.52 
G 103 
J 1.51 
H 509 
H 408 
I 285 
H 412 
I 312 
A 49 
A 71 
A 105 
H 294 
I 484 
F 107 
II 332 
F 35 
E 112 
F 168 
G 99 



H 

Hambden furnace 
Hamburg furnace 
Hampton furnace 
Hampton furnace 
Hampton's forge 
Haugingrock E. M. 
Harbard's forge 
Hardbargain forge 
Harford furnace 
Harmony forge 
Harriet furnace 
Harrisburg furnace 
Harrison furnace 
Harrisburg R. II. 
H'rry-of-the-W, fur. 
Harvey's furnace 
Hecia furnace 
Hecla forge 
HecIa R. M. 
Hecla R. M. 
Hecla furnace 
Helen furnace 
Helton forge 
Hemlock furnace 
Hemptown forge 
Henry Clay furnace 
Henry Clay furnace 
Henry Clay furnace 
Heury Clay furnace 
Henry Clay forge 
Hepburn forge 
Hermitage furnace 
Herringbone forgo 
Ileshbon furnace 
Heshboa forge 
Heshbou E. Si. 



126 

86 

106 

86 

82 

110 

158 

102 

134 

94 

94 

106 

94 

74 

122 

78 

58 

110 

134 

154 

142 

78 

110 

134 

106 

1.5S 

94 

74 

82 

130 

118 

78 

58 

82 

86 

94 

82 



126 

126 

82 

82 

142 

154 

13S 

90 

82 

1.34 

126 

62 

130 

102 

126 

110 

86 

98 

106 

154 

126 

122 

138 

122 

138 

58 

62 

62 

lis 

151 

98 
118 
90 
86 
98 
106 



^ •§ d Name. S' 

82 I 260 Hiatt's Lower forgo 134 

82 I 261 Hiatt's Upper forge 134 

158 F 106 Hibernia forge 94 

94 G 73 Hibernia E. M. 102 

98 H 386 Hickory furnace 122 

114 I 426 Highland forge 146 

122 F 496 High Bridge forge 145 

130 I 237 High Eock forge 134 

154 G 134 High Shoals E. II. 106 

1.54 I 274 High Shoals forge. 138 

102 I 258 Hill's forge 134 

86 I 329 Hill's forge 138 

82 1 331 Hill's forge 138 

98 I 264 Hobson's forge 134 

138 H 475 Hocking furnace 126 

134 I 304 Hodge's forge 138 

134 E 71 HoHey furnace 82 

162 C 45 Holmes' Anchor for. 74 

146 H 259 Holston furnace 114 

158 I 436 Honsinger's forge 146 

146 A 93 Hope furnace 62 

A 52 Hopewell furnace 62 

E .57 Hopewell furnace 82 

K 653 Hopewell furnace 158 

F 60 Hopewell forge 90 

E 114 Howard furnace 86 

F 170 Howard furnace 98 

G 102 Howard E. M. 102 

H 511 Howard furnace 126 

I 249 Howard's forge 134 

I 344 Howard's L. forge 142 

I 345 Howard's V. forge 142 

A 11 Hudson's furnace 5S 

C 8 Humpbreysville fo. 74 

A 107 Hunlach Creek fur. 62 

H 1.56 Hunter's furn. 110 

E 123 Huntingdon furnace 86 

H 236 Hurricane furnace 114 

K 551 Hurricane farnace 158 

G 135 Hurricane R. M. 106 

I 48S Hurricane forge 151 



K 613 Illinois furnace 1.58 

H 256 Independent furn. 114 

H 340 Indiana furnace 118 

K 616 Indiana furnace 162 

J 215 Indianapolis E. M. 1.54 

H 449 Iron City furnace 126 

A 103 Irondale furnace 62 

J 190 Ironton R. M. 154 

H 483 Iron Valley furn. 126 

K 506 Iron Mountain furn. 158 

K 60S Iron Mountain furn. 158 

H 186 Isabella furnace 110 

F 103 Isabella forge 94 

I 311 Ivy Log forge 138 



H 433 Jackson furnace 122 

H 492 Jackson furnace 126 

K 596 Jackson farnace 158 

I 495 Jackson I. W. 151 

1 216 James Eiver forge 134 

H 215 Jane furnace 110 

H 420 Jane furnace 122 

I 455 Jefferson forge 146 

J 220 Jefferson E. M. 154 

H 390 Jefferson furnace 122 

H 491 Jefferson furnace 126 

J 181 Jeffersonville E. M. 154 

I 269 Jenny Lind forge 138 

E 56 Joanna furnace 82 

I 2.50 Johnson's forge 134 

I 296 Johnson's forge 138 

H 343 Johnstown furnace 118 

B 22 Joiceville furnace 74 

G 120 Joppa Nail Works 106 

E 120 Juliana furnace 86 

E 142 Juniata furnace 86 

F 178 Juniata forge 98 

F 179 Juniata forge 98 

G 108 Juniata E. M. 106 

G 109 Juniata E. M. 106- 

J 163 Juniata E. M. 154 

J 164 Juniata E. M. 154 

H 517 Junior furnace 130 



K 

K 617 Kalamazoo furnace 162 

B 1 Katahdin farnace 74 

I 373 Kelly's forge 142 

H .384 Kensington farnace 122 

J 1.59 Kensington E. M. 154 

G 47 Kensington E. M. 102 , 

G 48 Kensington I. W 102 



Name. 



&^ K 


IX 


B 27 Kent furnace 


74 


H 523 Kenton furnace 


130 


I 2.57 Keyser's forge 


134 


A 51 Keystone furnace 


62 


F 96 Keystone forge 


94 


H 486 Keystone furnace 


126 


G 83 Keystone R. M. 


102 


I 299 Killian forge 


138 


I 407 Kimbrough forge 


142 


I 347 King's forge 


142 


H 243 King's Creek furn. 


114 


D 15 Kinsley I. W. 


78 


J 169 Kittanning E. M. 


154 



J 186 La Belle E. M. 1.54 
A 109 Lackawana furnace 62 

G 88 Lackawana R. M. 102 

J 208 Laclede R. M. 154 

K 588 Lafayette furnace 158 

E 82 Lagrange furnace 82 

H 508 Lagrange furnace 126 

K 569 Lagrange furnace 158 

H 160 Lagrande furnace 110 

H 301 Lancaster furnace 118 

H 484 Latrobe furnace 126 

G 141 Laudon E. M. 106 

K 561 Laura furnace 158 

E 93 Laurel furnace 82 

F 137 Laurel forge 94 

H .535 Laurel furnace 130 

K .595 Laurel furnace 158 

I 292 Laurel forge 138 

G 70 Laurel E. M. 102 

H 335 Laurel Hill furnace 118 

H 503 Lawrence furnace 126 

J 192 Lawrence E. M. 154 

F 130 Lebanon forge 94 

I 214 Lebanon forge 1.34 

A 44 Leesport furnace .58 

H 272 Legion furnace 114 

E 45 Lehigh furnace 82 

A 33 Lehigh Crane furn. 58 

A 40 Lehigh Valley furu. 58 

E 147 Lemnos furnace 86 

F 165 Lemnos forge 98 

H 285 Lena furnace 118 

B 11 Lenox furnace 74 

H 249 Lewis's furnace 114 

I 329 Lewis's forge 1.3S 

A 92 Lewistown furnace 62 

F 135 Liberty forge 94 

H 1S5 Liberty furnace 110 

H 434 Liberty furnace 122 

I 203 Liberty forge 134 

H 411 Licking furnace 122 

J 200 Licking E. M. 154 

K 646 L'llet furnace 162 

B 24 Limerock furnace 74 

H 401 Limestone furnace 122 

H 490 Limestone furnace 126 

I .397 Lindsay forge 142 

K 562 Lineport furnace 158 

J 162 Lippincott E. M. 154 

I 390 Little Barren forge 142 

I 286 Little Elk Creek for. 138 

H 321 Little Falls furnace 118 

I 287 Little Eiver forge 138 

H 267 Lit. Troubles'e fur. 114 

H 338 Lockport furnace 118 

F 68 Lockwood forge 90 

E 85 Locust Grove furn. 82 

E 117 Logan farnace 86 

H 474 Logan furnace 126 

H 289 Lonaconing furnace 118 

F 27 Long Pond forge 90 

I 315 Lookout forge 138 

H 342 Loop furnace 118 

J 166 Lorenz R. M. 154 

K 585 Louisa furnace 158 

J 204 Louisville R. M. 154 

H 273 Love's furnace 114 

I 381 Love's forge 142 

I 297 Lovengood forge 138 

I 431 L. Black Brook for. 146 

I 351 Lower Carter forge 142 

I 434 L. Cliufonville for. 146 

I 298 L. Hangingdog for. 1.38 

F 54 L. Longwood forge 90 

I 325 L. Yellow Leaf for. 138 

A 57 Lucinda furnace 58 

H 407 Lucinda furnace 122 

H 208 Lucy Selina furnace 110 



M 

B 2S Macedonia furnace 74 

H 231 Madison furnace 114 

H 397 Madison furnace 122 



•S 6 Name. !> 

II 489 Madison furnace 126 

I 270 Madison forgo 138 

H 369 Mahoning furnace 122 

H 4.57 Mahoning furnace 126 

J 175 Mahoning E. M. 154 

E 63 Maiden Creek furn. 82 
F 126 Maiden Creek forge 98 

E 131 Malinda furnace 86 

F 164 Malinda forge 98 

K 557 Mammoth furnace 158 

E 63 Manada furn. 82' 

A 18 Manhattan farnace 58 

H 357 Mansfield furnace 118 

H 382 Maple furnace 122 

J 213 Maramec E. M. 154 

K 611 Maramec furnace 158 

I 492 Maramec forge 150 

I 492 Maramec forge 156 

H 521 Marble furnace 130 

H 190 Margaret Jane furn. 110 

A 144 Margaretta furnace 62 

E 68 Margaretta furnace 82 

E 46 Maria farnace 82 

F 148 Maria forge 98 

F 18S Maria forge 98 

F 189 Maria forge 98 

F 190 Maria forge 98 

I 320 Maria forge « 138 

A 75 Marietta furnace 62 

A 61 Marion furnace 58 

H 387 Marion furnace 122 

K 603 Marion furnace 158 

K 649 Marmora furnace 162 

G 114 Marshall's E. M. 106 

E 121 Martha furnace 86 

E 141 Martha furnace 86 

F 191 Martha farnace 98 

H 398 Martha furnace 122 

H 4-55 Martha furnace 126 

K 614 Martha furnace 158 

F 120 Martic forge 94 

E 49 Mary Ann furnace 82 

F 105 Mary Ann forge 94 

F 184 Mary Ann forge 98 

H 311 Mary Ann furnace 118 

H 403 Mary Ann furnace 122 

H 410 Mary Ann farnace 126 

H 473 Mary Ann furnace 126 

E 91 Maryland furnace 82 

H 467 Massillon furnace 126 

E 126 Matilda furnace 86 

A 42 llauch Chunk furn. 58 

I 227 Mayo forge 134 

H 450 Mazeppa furnace 126 

H 175 McCarty furnace 110 

G 82 Mcllvaine's E. M. 102 

J 148 McKeesport E. M. 154 

J 199 McNickle E. M. 1.54 

H 463 Meander furnace 196 

I 439 Merchant's forge 146 

I 424 Merriam's forge 146 

F 34 Methodist forge 90 

F 61 Middle forge 90 

H 448 Middlesex forge 126 

A 77 Middletown forge 62 

I 2.52 Milam forge 134 

F 172 Milesburg forge 98 

G 104 Milesburg E. M. 106 

E 128 Mill Creek forge 86 

H 344 Mill Creek furnace 118 

H 427 Mill Creek furnace 122 

H 464 Mill Creek furnace 126 

H 280 Miller's furnace 114 

H 542 Miller Creek furn. 130 

A 115 Mill Hall farnace 62 

E 149 Milville furnace 86 

H 439 Mineral Eidge furn. 126 

J 182 Missouri A, E. M. 154 

J 210 Missouri B, E. M. 154 

I 251 Moccasin forge 134 

E 122 Monroe furnace 86 

F 132 Monroe forge 94 

H 400 Monroe furnace 122 

H 493 Monroe furnace 126 

E 76 Mont Alto furnace 82 

F 140 Mont Alto forge 94 

G 110 Mont Alto E. M. 106 

A 56 Montgomery furn. 5S 

K 682 Montgomery furn, 1.52 

I 406 Montgomery's forge 142 

A 97 Montour farnace 62 

G 90 Montour E. M. 102 

H 206 Moore's furnace 110 

F 64 Morris An. W'ks. 90 

A 45 Moselem furnace 58 

K 612 Moselle furnace 158 

H 194 Mossy Creek furn. 110 

I 211 Mossy Creek forge 134 

I 305 Mossy Creek forge 138 

I 378 Mossy Creek forge 142 

I 369 Mounlain forge 142 

F 127 Mount Airy forge 94 



I 267 
H 317 
F 155 
E 60 
H 203 
H 316 
K 627 
D 18 
E 52 
F 71 
E 54 
H 409 
F 84 
B 21 
C 15 
G 127 
H 286 
H 538 

I 272 
H 195 
H 314 
H500 
K 587 

I 210 

I 273 
E 98 

I 342 

I 343 

II 4a5 

I 440 



A 15 
C 1 
I 194 
K548 
F 158 
G 81 
F 69 
H154 
J 178 
H 522 
H 323 
A 83 
F 133 
J 152 
J 203 
I 419 
I 432 
I 241 
I 418 
I 474 
F 77 
G 59 
I 438 
I 450 
B 8 
H432 
B 30 
F 143 
G 117 
I 291 
I 416 
F 128 
A 85 
H 238 
K 624 
D 5 
K 641 
K 642 



K5S4 
F 156 
H 333 
H191 
K597 
H 501 
H 265 
F 118 
G 119 
H 510 
F 41 
H346 
D 16 
G 131 
I 221 
I 222 
I 231 
I 239 
I 289 
I 340 

I 363 

II 168 
II 169 
H 192 
H 222 
II 545 



Name. 

Mount Carmel for. 
Mount Etna furnace 
Mt. Hebron forge 
Mt. Hope furnace 
Mt. Hope furnace 
Mt. Hope furnace 
Mt. Hope furnace 
Mt. Hope I. Co. furn. 
Mt. Laurel furnace 
Mt. Olive forge 
Mt. Penn furnace 
Mt.Pleasantfurnace 
Mt. Pleasant forge 
Mt. Riga furnace 
Mt. Eiga forge 
Mt. Savage E. M. 
Mt. Savage furnace 
Mt. Savage furnace 
Mt. Tirza forge 
Mt. Torry furnace 
Mt. Vernon furnace 
Mt. Vernon furnace 
Mt. Vernon furnace 
Mt. Vernon forge 
Mt. Welcome forge 
Muirkirk furnace 
Murphey's Up. for. 
Murphey's L'r for. 
Musquito Creek fur. 
Myer's forgo 



Napanock furnace 
Kasliua I. W. 
Navy Yard furnace 
Nelson furnace 
Nescopec forge 
Neversink R. M. 
NeTv Andover forge 
New Furnace furn. 
Newburg E. M. 
N. Hampshire furn. 
New Laurel furnace 
New Market furn. 
New Market forge 
New Mill R. M. 
Newport E. M. 
New Eussia forge 
New Sweden forge 
Nicholses' forge 
Noble's forge 
Nolin's forge 
Norris's forge 
Norristown E. M. 
Norrisville forge 
Norfolk forge 
North Adams furn. 
N. Bend furnace 
Northeast furnace 
Northeast forge 
Northeast E. M. 
North Fork forgo 
North Hudson forge 
Northkill forge 
North Lebanon fur. 
North Twin furnace 
Northwestern furn. 
Norway I. W. 
Norwich A 
Norwich B furnace 



0. K. furnace 
Oakdale forge 
Oakgrove furnace 
Oakland furnace 
Oakland furnace 
Oakridge furnace 
O'Brien's furnace 
Octarora forge 
Octarora E. M. 
Ohio furnace 
Old Boonton forge 
Old Cambria furn. 
0. Col'yW'ks R. M. 
Old Dominion R. M. 
Old Forge forge 
Old Forge forge 
Old Forge forge 
Old Forge forge 
Old Forge forge 
Old Forge forgo 
Old Forge forge 
Old Furnace 
Old Furnace 
Old Furnace 
Old Fnrnace 
Old Furnace 



134 

118 



110 

118 

162 

78 

82 

90 

82 

122 

94 

74 

74 

106 

118 

130 

138 

110 

lis 

126 
158 
134 
138 
82 
142 
142 
126 
146 



158 

98 

118 

110 

1.5S 

126 

114 

94 

106 

126 

90 

lis 

78 
106 
134 
134 
134 
134 
138 
142 
142 
110 
110 

no 

110 
130 



H 260 
H 261 
K 556 
H322 
H 520 
H 291 
E 60 
P 89 
H 498 
H 370 
K 644 
A 121 
H 444 
H 365 
J 173 
H 424 
I 388 
E 44 
H 161 
F 76 
G 46 
K 553 



.Name. 

Old Furnace 
Old Furnace 
Old furnace 
Old Laurel furnace 
Old Steam furnace 
Old Valley fnrnace 
Oley furnace 
Oley forge 
Olive furnace 
Olney furnace 
Ontario furnace 
Oregon furnace 
Oregon furnace 
Ore Hill furnace 
Orizaba E. M. 
Orleans furnace 
Overton's forge 
Oxford furnace 
Oxford furnace 
Oxford forge 
Oxford R. Bl. . 
Ozeoro furnace 



114 
114 

158 
118 
130 

lis 

82 

94 
126 
122 
162 

62 
126 
122 
154 
122 
142 

82 
110 

94 
102 
15S 



J 


211 


H ISO 


I 


372 


G 


86 


H 204 


D 


13 


H225 


F 


28 


I 


485 


E 


95 


H 228 


E 


108 


F 


160 


A 


16 


D 


1 


F 


81 


G 


54 


I 


414 


E 


106 


G 


49 


E 


47 


F 


150 


E 


124 


H 532 


G 


67 


J 


158 


I 


301 


J 


223 


F 


57 


K 567 


H 461 


A 


53 


H371 


H 


460 


K 


583 


G 


62 


I 


234 


I 


230 


I 


380 


H 377 


K 


606 


I 


491 


H 364 


I 


204 


G 


77 


E 


72 


F 


116 


H 313 


H 506 


I 


365 


G 


75 


H 299 


I 


244 


K 594 


H 283 


I 


409 


I 


408 


A 


43 


H 497 


K 622 


J 


155 


J 


160 


B 


6 


I 


443 


F 


108 


H 269 


G 


74 


G 140 


A 


60 


A 


41 


H 458 


11 397 


H 


253 


I 


.316 


J 


189 


E 


41 



Pacific E. M. 
Paddy furnace 
Paint Creek forge 
Palo Alto R. M. 
Panther Gap furn. 
P. Mills 1 & 2 R. M. 
Parry Mount furn. 
Paterson forge 
Paterson forge 
Patuxent furnace 
Paulina furnace 
Paxinos furnace 
Paxinos forge 
Peckskill furnace 
Pembroke I. Co. fu. 
Pencoyd forge 
Pencoyd R. M. 
Penfield's forge 
Penn furnace 
Penn E. M. 
Penusville furnace 
Pennsville forge 
Pennsylvania furn. 
Pennsylvania furn. 
Pennsylvania E. M. 
Penn'a Forge R. M. 
Persimmon Cr. for. 
Peru I. W'ks E. M. 
Petersburg forge. 
Peytona furnace 
Philpot furnace 
Pha;nix furnace 
Phoenix furnace 
Phoenix furnace 
Phcenix furnace 
PhcenixE. M. 
Pierce's forge 
Pierce's old forge 
Pigeon forge 
Pike furnace 
Pilot Knob furnace 
Pilot Knob forge 
Pine Creek furnace 
Pine forge 
Pine R. M. 
Pinegrove furnace 
Pinegrove forge 
Pinegrove furnace 
Pinegrove furnace 
Pinegrove forge 
Pinegrove R. M. 
Piney furnace 
Piney Cliff forge 
Piney furnace 
Piney Grovefurnace 
Piney Lower forge 
Piney Upper forge 
Pioneer furnace 
Pioneer furnace 
Pioneer furnace 
Pittsburg R, M. 
Pittsb'g Steel E. M. 
Pittsford furnace 
Piatt's forge 
Pleasant forge 
Pleas' t Garden furn. 
Pleas' t Garden E.M. 
Pleasant Valley 
Plymouth furnace 
Poco furnace 
Poland furnace 
Polk furnace 
Polkville furnace 
Polkville forge 
Pomeroy R. M. 
Pomptou furnace 



H E5 
G 38 
F 109 
H 247 

I 307 
H 166 
K .579 
G 107 
F 193 
H 227 
A 6 

I 427 
H 1.52 
H 417 
G 76 
G 85 



H 414 
E 81 
H 391 
D 20 
I 353 
I 428 



Name. 

Pompton R. M. 
Pool forge 
Pool furnace 
Pool forge 
Poplar Camp furn. 
Poplar Spring furn. 
Portage E. M. 
Portage forge 
Porter's furnace 
Port Henry 
Port Kendall forge 
Potomac furnace 
Potterfleld furnace 
Pottsgrove R. M. 
Pottsville R. M. 
Poughkeepsie furn. 
Powerville forge 
Powerville R. M. 
President furnace 
Principio furnace 
Prospect furnace 
Providence I. Co. 
Perliew forge 
Purmort's forge 



I 396 Queener forge 

K 618 Quincy furnace 

D 22 QuinsigamundE. M. 



n°* 
1^ 

102 

94 

114 

138 

no 

158 
106 

98 
114 

58 
146 
110 
122 
102 
102 

58 

90 
102 
122 

82 
122 

7S 
142 
146 



142 
162 

78 



H524 


K 647 


J 


177 


H 355 


F 


25 


G 


33 


H 337 


I 


478 


J 


209 


A 


46 


A 


48 


G 


80 


F 


97 


E 


144 


H 214 


H 376 


I 


473 


H 544 


J 


203 


H310 


K 632 


G 142 


I 


355 


H 230 


D 


29 


H 


216 


H 423 


J 


219 


I 


394 


I 


410 


II 


389 


K 615 


B 


13 


G 


130 


F 


46 


F 


26 


F 


115 


D 


24 


I 


358 


A 


101 


H 212 


F 


4S 


G 


40 


I 


318 


E 


65 


E 


118 


H 359 


F 


174 


I 


198 


H 268 


E 


130 


H328 


H418 


F 


87 


G 


67 


F 


67 


H334 


K 631 


A 


116 


E 


148 


H 


155 


I 


268 


K672 


G 


89 


H 


252 


H 211 


D 


9 



Raccoon furnace 
Eadnor furnace 
Eailroad E. M. 
Ralston furnace 
Eamapo forge 
Ramapo E. M. 
Eamsey furnace 
Eandolph forge 
Eaynor's R. M. 
Reading furnace 
Reading furnace 
Reading E. M. 
Reading steam forge 
Rebecca furnace 
Rebecca furnace 
Eedbank furnace 
Red River forge 
Red River furnace 
Red River E. M. 
Bedstone furnace 
Redwood furnace 
Reeves's R, M. 
Reeves's forge 
Rehoboth furnace 
Rensselaer E. M. 
Eetreat furnace 
Reymilton furnace 
Richardson I. W. 
Richardson's forge 
Eichland forge 
Eichland furnace 
Richland furnace 
Richmond furnace 
Richmond S. &I.W. 
Richter's Mar'n for. 
Ringwood forge 
Ringwood forge 
Ripley R. M. 
River Bend forge 
Roaring Creek furn. 
Roaring Run furn. 
Rockaway forge 
Rockaway E. M. 
Rob Roy forge 
Rock furnace 
Rock furnace 
Rock furnace 
Rock forge 
Eock forge 
Rockbridge furnace 
Eockbill furnace 
Eockingbam furn. 
Rockland furnace 
Rockland forge 
Rokeby R. M. 
Roseville forge 
Eoss furnace 
Eossie furnace 
Bough & Ready fur. 
Rough & Ready fur. 
Rough & Ready fur. 
Rough & Ready for. 
Rough & Ready fur. 
Rough & Ready R.M. 
Round Mtn. furnace 
Eumsey furnace 
Russell & Co. E. M. 



■§ 6 Name. 2' 

Eh fe; fi 

H 255 Russell ville furnace 114 

F 69 Eussia furnace 90 

I 441 Eussia 1 forge 146 



J 162 
J 222 
F 113 
A 65 
G 97 
KSSl 
K 564 
C 11 
C 18 
E 51 
H488 
K 547 

I 460 

I 338 

I 339 
H .539 
H 422 
H 437 
E S3 
E 146 
H 162 

I 463 

I 457 
B 17 
F 1,53 

I 415 
F 95 
H 244 

I 303 
H 326 
A 94 
G 118 
H 170 
H 188 
J 172 
H 447 
A 4 
B 26 
H 279 

I 395 
H 446 
A 67 
J 156 
H 2.54 
H 167 

I 209 
H 441 
E 104 

I 3S3 
F 70 
H 402 

I 302 

I 468 
H 514 
A 8 
H 421 

I 281 
H 396 
J 163 
F 30 

I 371 
H 32.5 
H 454 
F 142 
A lis 

I 196 
J 205 
A 25 
E 38 
H 239 
F 62 
F 92 
F 134 

I 205 

I 349 

I 392 
H 278 
F 44 
F 90 
F 123 
H 451 
E 143 
F 111 
A 62 
H 305 

I 271 
F 104 
A 90 
H 388 
H 537 
J 191 
A 70 
H 379 

I 462 
H 628 



s 

Sable R. M. 
Sable I. Wks E. M. 
Sadsbury forge 
Safe Harbor furnace 
Safe Harbor R. M. 
Sailor's rest furnace 
Saline furnace 
Salisbury forge 
Salisbury Centre fo. 
Sally Ann furnace 
Saltlick furnace 
Salt River furnace 
Sample's forge 
Sand Hill forge 
Sand Spring forge 
Sandy furnace 
Sandy furnace 
Sandy furnace 
Sarah furnace 
Sarah furnace 
Saunders's furnace 
Scioto forge 
Scott's forge 
Scovill's furnace 
Schuylkill forge 
Schroon Elver forge 
Seidel's forge 
Sequee furnace 
Sequee forge 
Shade furnace 
Shamokin furnace 
Shannon E. M. 
Shannondale furn. 
Shannondale furn. 
Sharon E. M. 
Sharon furnace 
Sharon Station fur. 
Sharon Valley furn. 
Sharp's furnace 
Sharp's forge 
Sharpsburg furnace 
Shawnee furnace 
Sheffield E. M. 
Shelby furnace 
Shelor's furnace 
Shenandoah forge 
Shenandoah furnace 
Shickshinny furn. 
Shields forge 
Shippeusport forge 
Shippensville furn. 
Shoal Creek forge 
Shreeve's forge 
Sioto furnace 
Siscoe furnace 
Slab fnrnace 
Slices' Shoals forge 
Sligo furnace 
Sligo E. M. 
Smith's forge 
Snapp's forge 
Somerset furnace 
Sophia fnrnace 
Soundwell forge 
South Bait, furnace 
South Bend forge 
Southern R. M. 
South Easton furn. 
Southfield furnace 
South Twin fnrnace 
Sparta forge 
Speedwell forge 
Speedwell forge 
Speedwell forge 
Speedwell forge 
Speedwell forge 
Speedwell furnace 
Split Eock forge 
Spring forge 
Spring forge 
Springfield furnace 
Springfield furnace 
Spring Grove forge 
Spring Mill furuace 
Spring Hill furnace 
Spring Hill forge 
Springton forge 
Stanhope furnace 
Stapley furnace 
Star furnace 
Star Nail B. M. 
St. Charles furnace 
St. Charles furnace 
Steam forge 
Steam furnace 



H 544 
E 39 
K 635 
K 636 
K 637 
I 454 
H368 
F 45 
D 26 
H 31S 
J 208 
K 648 
B 12 
A 3 
F 180 
F 33 
I 446 
I 348 
H 1.57 
F 37 
F 157 
I 303 
I 327 
F 24 
G 34 
H 242 
K 655 
A 68 
F 6S 
J 201 



Name. 

Steam furnace 
Sterling furnace 
Sterlingburg furn. 
Sterlingbush furn. 
Sterlingville fnrn. 
Sterlingville forge 
Stewardson furnace 
Stick'l's Merid'n for. 
Stillw'rtl.W.jB. M. 
St. John s furnace 
St. Louis E. M. 
St. Maurice furnace 
Stockbridge furnace 
Stockbridge furnace 
Stockdale forge 
Stockholm forge 
Stone forge 
Stonedam forge 
Stone Wall furnace 
Stoney Brook forge 
Stoney Brook forge 
Stroup's forge 
Stroup's forge 
Suffern's forge 
Suffern's R. M. 
Susan furnace 
Suwannee furuace 
Swede furnace 
Swedeland forge 
Swift's R. M. 



T 



130 

82 

162 

162 

162 

146 

122 

90 

78 

118 

1.54 

162 

74 

68 

98 

90 

146 

142 

110 

90 

98 

13S 

138 

90 

102 

114 

1.58 

58 

90 

154 



K 639 Taburg furnace 


162 


C 6 Tallcotfs forge 


74 


F 1.51 Tamaqua forge 


98 


H 171 Taylor furnace 


110 


H 275 Tellico furnace 


114 


I 3S6 Tellico forge 


142 


I 477 Tennessee forge 


146 


K 589 Tennessee furnace 


158 


J 206 Tennessee R. M. 


154 


H 429 Texas furnace 


122 


A 3S Thomas Iron Co. fur. 


58 


G 66 Thorndale R. M. 


102 


H ,393 Tippecanoe furnace 


122 


I 295 Toe River forge 


138 


H 234 Tom's Creek furn. 


114 


K 625 Tower's furnace 


162 


G 60 Treaty 


102 


G 128 Tredegar R. M. 


106 


H 452 Tremont furnace 


126 


D 10 Trenton Wks E. M. 


78 


G 43 Trenton 


102 


H 178 Trout Run furnace 


110 


F 42 Troy forge 


90 


I 282 Tumb'g Shoals' for. 


138 


I 255 Tunnel forge 


134 


I 486 Turnbull forge 


151 


F 32 Turner's forge 


90 


I 406 Turnpike forge 


142 


I 465 Twelvepole forge 


146 


F 182 Tyrone 1 & 2 forge 


98 


B 3 Tyson's furnace 


74 



D 32 Ulster R. M. 


78 


K 5.)4 Underwood furnace 


158 


I 201 Union A forge 


134 


I 212 Union B forge 


134 


I 226 Union C forge 


134 


I 254 Union forge 


1,34 


I 476 Union forge 


146 


F 131 Union forge 


94 


A 113 Union furnace 


62 


H 164 Union furnace 


no 


H 248 Union furnace 


114 


H 262 Union furuace 


114 


H 307 Union fnrnace 


118 


H 430 Union furnace 


122 


H 507 Union furnace 


126 


K 577 Union furnace 


158 


A 82 Union Deposit furn. 


62 


I 430 Up. Black Brook for. 


146 


I 433 Up. Clintonville for. 


146 


F 53 Up. Longwood forge 


90 


I 437 Up. Norrisville forge 


146 



I 490 Vall^ forge 151 

F 63 Valley forge 90 

F 144 Valley forge 94 

I 481 Valley forge 1,51 

H 297 Valley A furnace 118 

H 304 Valley B furnace 118 

H 331 Valley C furnace 118 



10 



H 426 
E 78 
I 202 
I 221 
I 324 
G 72 
H182 
H 416 
B 14 
F 79 
H 42') 
H 468 
H 199 
H232 
H 505 
J 16S 
G 71 
H 431 
H 479 
H 290 
J 188 
H 466 
H174 



Name. 

Valley furnace 
Valley furnace 
Valley A forge 
Valley B forge 
Valley C forge 
Valley E. M. 
Van Buren furnace 
Van Buren furnace 
Vandusenville furn. 
Verree's forge 
Venango furnace 
Vermilion furnace 
Vesuvius furnace 
Vesuvius furnace 
Vesuvius furnace 
Vesuvius R. M. 
Viaduct E. M. 
Victoria furnace 
Vinton furnace 
Virginia furnace 
Virginia E. M. 
Volcano furnace 
Vulcan furnace 



tu 


H 15 


122 




82 




134 


1 451 


134 


H 456 


138 


I 336 


102 


I 335 


110 


I 337 


122 


I 333 


74 


I 471 


94 


I 330 


122 


F 146 


126 


E 80 


110 


E 58 


114 


P 62 


126 


F 169 


154 


E 113 


102 


H330 


122 


H 496 


126 


H 399 


118 


K 586 


154 


J 187 


120 


I 483 


110 


I 360 



Name. 

W 

Waddington forge 
Wampum Eun fur. 
Wagner's forge 
Warden's forge 
Ward's forge 
Ward's No. 1, 2 for. 
Ward's forge 
Ware & Bens' n's for. 
Warren forgo 
Warren furnace 
Warwick furnace 
Washington forge 
Washington forge 
Washington furnace 
Washington furnace 
Washington furnace 
Washington furnace 
Washington furnace 
Washington E. M. 
Water forge 
Waterloo forge 



P^ 


H ^ 




E 42 




J 216 


146 


J 161 


126 


H428 


1.38 


B 25 


138 


K 633 


138 


F 149 


138 


G 87 


146 


H 327 


138 


F 73 


94 


G 116 


82 


J 150 


82 


I 453 


90 


C 2 


98 


H 165 


86 


H 300 


118 


I 412 


126 


I 447 


122 


C 19 


158 


I 421 


154 


D 11 


151 


D 12 


142 


D 6 



Name. 

Wawayanda furn. 
Wayandotte R. M. 
Wayne R. M. 
Webster furnace 
Weed's furnace 
Wegatchie furnace 
Weisport forge 
Weisport E. M. 
Wellershurg furn. 
Welsh's forge 
West Amwell forge 
Western Tack E. M. 
Westfleld forge 
Westford forge 
Westfork furnace 
Westfork furnace 
West Fort Ann forge 
Weston forge 
West Point forge 
Westport forge 
Weweantit E. M. 
Weweantit R. M. 
Weymouth K. M. 



fc 


S » 


82 


I 422 


154 


H309 


154 


I 487 


122 


G 68 


74 


C 10 


162 


H229 


98 


H 266 


102 


I 247 


118 


I 357 


90 


B 34 


106 


F 117 


154 


H 378 


146 


I 423 


74 


H224 


110 


I 229 


118 


A 63 


146 


A 106 


146 


H453 


74 


I 236 


146 


I 425 


78 


G 111 


78 


F 36 


78 


F 110 



Name. 

Whallonshurg forge 
Wharton furnace 
White-bluff 
White Marsh R. M. 
White's forge 
White's furnace 
White's furnace 
White's forge 
White's forge 
White's Dover furn. 
White-rock forge 
Wild Cat furnace 
Wilder's forge 
Wilkinson's furn. 
Wilkinson's 1 forge 
William Penn furn. 
Williamsburg furn. 
Willie Roy furnace 
Wilkinson's 3 forge 
Willsboro' forge 
Wilmington R. M. 
Windham forge 
Windsor forge 



146 

118 

151 

102 

74 

114 

114 

134 

142 

74 

94 

122 

146 

110 

134 

68 

62 

126 

134 

146 

106 

90 

94 



H 360 
K 643 
H 295 
F 122 
K593 
J 216 
A 108 



Name. 

Winfield furnace 
Wolcott furnace 
Woodgrove furnace 
Woodstock forge 
Worley furnace 
Wyandotte R. M. 
Wyoming furnace 



© 
bo 

122 
162 
118 

94 
158 
154 

62 



I 480 Yellow Creek forge 151 

K 580 Yellow Creek furn. 158 

E 67 York furnace 82 

H 487 Young America fur. 126 



H 478 Zaleski furnace 
H 172 Zane's furnace 
J 179 Zanesville R. M. 



126 
110 
154 



11 



BULLETIN 



AMERICAN 



lEON ASSOCIATION. 



33 

Philadelphia, April 12, 1856. 

The iron market in the United States, since the first of January last, has been marked by circumstances 
of an unusual character. Although the production of pig iron, east of the Alleghany Mountains, was well 
known to exceed the average of any previous period, and exhibited also a tendency to a yet greater increase, 
and while there were considerable stocks of the previous year's product, with an inability to make deliveries 
during the winter, the prices advanced firmly to the highest nominal quotations, and sales have been greater 
in amount than in the same months of any previous year. The transactions in Philadelphia, for this year's 
delivery, have reached nearly 60,000 tons. Many of the heaviest buyers came into the market early, and 
having purchased in expectation of doing more than heretofore, induced makers to regard the prospects of 
the year sufiicient to warrant the present rates. Importations of Scotch pig have been decreasing for the 
last eighteen months. By a report from the Register's ofiice, herewith published, we find the importations 
of pig iron from all foreign ports, only reached 29,839 tons during the six months ending December 31st 
last; being less than one-third of the amount imported during the previous twelve months. The iron mar- 
ket, in various sections of the Union, is influenced by peculiar circumstances, which require consideration in 
detail, to obtain a comprehensive view. During the summer of 1855, and the late winter, the production 
of charcoal pig has greatly decreased ; so that for many purposes resort must be had to scrap, or to coke or 
anthracite iron. In the west, a portion of the surplus stock of 1854, makes amends for part of the deficit 
of this year; but this, with other circumstances, is exhibited in detail. 

At Pittsburg the merchant bar trade has been prevented from making shipments, during an unusually 
long and severe winter. Consequently there has been in the four months past, a heavy accumulation of 
stocks, estimated at 35,000 tons; notwithstanding which, the mills have mostly made full work, in expec- 
tation of a heavy trade this season. Since the opening of navigation of the Ohio, the shipments have been 
extensive, which has given an advance of $10 per 2,000 pounds, having previously been $45 per 2,000 
pounds, for the cheapest description. As the production of nails is made part of the mill business in the 
west, we note that the stock of nails at Pittsburg, upon the opening of navigation, approximated to 145,000 
kegs. It is conceded that the great prosperity of all the western interests, especially of the farming, insures 
a consumption of nails within the present year, that will task the full employment of the mills. Manufac- 
turing in general, building, railroad extensions, and increase of rolling stocks, together with the demand for 
various implements and machines, bid fair to consume a greater amount of iron than in any previous year. 
To meet this demand we can safely estimate upon a production by the old mills of twenty-five per cent, more 
than heretofore, and a large addition by new mills and extensions, in various portions of the west, together 
with the accumulations of unsold stocks, the production of 1854 and '55. As we give elsewhere a state- 
ment of the condition of the pig iron market throughout the west, we here call attention to the proportion 
of scrap iron and old rails for the supply of the mills, and which is now greatly increasing with the wear of 
roads and the age of the country. Upon reflection, it is evident that these, hereafter, will afford to the mills 
no inconsiderable portion of their stock for bars and nails. 

The production of pig iron in the west, including western Pennsylvania, in the present year will 
approximate to 280,000 tons. In the Clarkesville, Hanging Eock, and Alleghany districts, the production 
for the general market will not much exceed 200,000 tons. Of charcoal pig there will be nearly or quite 
55,000 tons less made this year than last; but the product of new coke and raw bituminous coal furnaces 
will compensate for part of this, possibly to the extent of 15,000 tons. The stock of pig on hand at the 
furnaces and in the market, at this date, compared with the same date last year, shows a decrease of 70,000 
tons. There is now a stock in all of about 64,000 tons, as follows: Clarkesville, 5,000 tons; Hanging 
Kock, 30,000 tons; Alleghany, 11,000 tons; promiscuous lots of pig at Pittsburg and other places, 18,000 
tons. We have no satisfactory data by which to estimate the supply of scrap (an estimate of old rails is 
given elsewhere), which it is presumed will furnish stock for the mills instead of charcoal pig, to a considera- 
ble extent. Of anthracite pig, there were about 33,000 tons consumed in the west in 1855, and judging 
by the contracts already made for supplies from the Susquehanna, there will be a much greater amount used 
this year. Most of the figures here given have been carefully ascertained or estimated from satisfactory 

4 



34 



40,000 tons 


8,000 




5,600 




13,000 




10,000 




4,000 




12,000 




30,000 




120,000 





data; as it is impossible to put them into a tabular form, and as they have various important bearings, they 
may be used by individuals to afford the basis of further estimates. 

The following estimates of the consumption of pig at several places in the west, were furnished by gen- 
tlemen who seem conversant with the facts. Although referring to the year 1855, they will serve for esti- 
mates for the present year. 

Consumption of Pig Iron in 1855, at places specified. 
Cincinnati, 

Covington and Newport, 
Pomeroy, .... 
Ironton and Hanging Rock, 
Portsmouth, 

Dayton, .... 
Louisville and New Albany, 
Wheeling, . 
Pittsburg, .... 

In the lower part of the Susquehanna district, the furnaces have mostly produced for the western mar- 
ket. There has been considerable irregularity in their operations, partly on account of deficiency of coal 
and the late opening of navigation. The new furnaces — Dudley, Keystone, No. 2 Cornwall, and several 
furnaces which worked little if any in 1855, will probably increase the product of the district this year by 
25,000 tons. Circumstances do not admit of a comprehensive survey of the product of this district, nor of 
the demands that may come from the west. 

In the Lehigh district, at this date, the stock of pig iron, which is nearly all No. 1, amounts to 34,150 
tons. The contracts already made, for iron of this district for this year's delivery, approximate to 37,600 
tons. There are seventeen furnaces now in blast, one to be put in blast by the middle of May, and one in 
July. The seventeen furnaces are producing weekly an average of 2,100 tons, making for the remaining 
thirty-seven and a half weeks of 1856, 78,750 tons; which, added to the present stock, gives an aggregate 
of 112,900 tons. In this estimate we omit the product of the two furnaces soon going into blast, to make 
up for the possible deficiencies that may result from accidents. If we allow for next year's market the 
production in four weeks of December, during which the product may be closed in by winter, we have 
104,500 tons for the market for this year, less that already contracted, 37,600 tons; leaving unsold for 
this year's delivery 66,900 tons. In these estimates no account is taken of the small sales in the district, 
nor of a few small shipments by railroad, made in 1856 prior to this date. The sales of iron from this dis- 
trict in 1855, approximated to 105,000 tons — equal to a reduction of stocks, of 19,000 tons. The stocks 
on the first of January last approximated to 20,700 tons, and on the first of January, 1855, to 39,000 tons. 
The total production in this district in the year 1856, will approximate to 106,000 tons; assuming as a 
basis the data above given, which will prove reliable save as it may be affected by accidents in manufactur- 
ing, or by a change in the market. The production in the fourteen weeks past, has not averaged 2,100 
tons — several furnaces having but recently been put in blast. 

The consumption of rails within the past nine months has greatly increased over the average of the pre- 
vious year. The importation in the six months ending December 81, 1855, amounted to 89,854 tons; or 
fifty per cent, more than in the average of the previous twelve months. In the six months named, Ameri- 
can mills produced about 70,000 tons. As the returns of last year's harvest are now exerting their greatest 
influence upon the general prosperity of the interior, railroad enterprises are much encouraged. If the 
promised peace of Europe is fully re-inaugurated, there is no doubt that with an average harvest the present 
year, our railroad extensions will be greater than in any period heretofore. In addition to the requirements 
for new roads and extensions, the older roads are progressively needing a greater amount of rails for renewals, 
where in most instances heavier rails are put down. It is worthy of note, that a large proportion of the 
old rails taken up is used in other manufactures, to which this description of iron is regarded by many as 



35 



being better adapted. The increasing amount of this stock, which comes in competition with pig, is worthy 
of special consideration. 

The product of American rails this year promises to be at least 145,000 tons, and may possibly reach 
175,000 tons. Brady's Bend works have commenced full operations; Cambria and the Lackawanna have 
added considerably to their puddling capacities. 

By reports from sixty-one railroads, it is ascertained that they have an aggregate length between termini, 
of 5,840 miles, and of sidings and second tracks, 974 miles; making a total of 6,814 miles of track. 
These roads are to have an addition in 1856, of 873 miles, of which 300 miles is for renewals; the remain- 
der, 573 miles, is for additional sidings and extensions. These sixty-one roads are laid with rails having 
an average weight of 91.3157 tons per mile, or 58.11 pounds per yard. 

The weight of the whole of the old track, 6,814 miles, is ... . 622,225 tons. 

The weight of the track to be laid this year, 873 miles, is ... . 79,718 " 

The weight of old rails to be renewed, 300 miles, is 27,394 " 

If we estimate comparative figures from the aggregate miles of railway which were in operation in the 
United States December 31, 1855, by the figures accurately obtained and given above, we have the follow- 
ing results : — 

Total number of miles of distance between termini, 21,440 miles. 



Miles of sidings and second track, ..... 

Total number of miles of track, ...... 

Extensions, renewals, and additional sidings, to be laid in 1856, 
Renewals of track in 1856, ...... 

Total weight of rails in 25,189 miles of track, 91.3 tons per mile. 
Weight of rails required for 3,361 miles, in 1856, 
Weight of old rails from 1,155 miles. 



3,749 " 

25,189 « 

3,361 '• 

1,155 " 

2,299,755 tons. 

306,859 " 

105,451 " 



We have no satisfactory data by which to judge of the extent of new railways to be opened this year. 



Statement exhibiting the Quantity and Value of Railroad Iron imported into the United 
States from the 30th day of June, 1839, to the 30th day of June, 1855. 



Years ending 


CWT. 


Value. 


Tons. 


CWT. 


Assessed valde 

PER TON. 

Average per year. 


June 30, 1840, 


581,838 


$1,569,844 


29,091 


18 


$53 96 


" " 1841, 


465,069 


1,064,960 


23,253 


9 


45 80 


" " 1842, 


499,400 


1,093,070 


24,970 





43 77 


" " 1843, 


193,098 


358,921 


9,654 


18 


37 18 


" " 1844, 


311,544 


446,732 


15.577 


4 


28 68 


" " 1845, 


436,249 


637,514 


21,812 


9 


29 27 


" " 1846, 


117,943 


281,077 


5,897 


3 


47 66 


" " 1847, 


270,733 


680,438 


13,536 


13 


51 01 


" " 1848, 


589,789 


1,219,185 


29,489 


9 


41 38 


" " 1849, 


1,383,265 


2,252,246 


69,163 


5 


32 56 


" " 1850, 


2,840,733 


3,738,034 


142,036 


13 


26 32 


" " 1851, 


8,772,516 


4,901,452 


188,625 


16 


26 03 


" " 1852, 


4,912,510 


6,228,794 


245,625 


10 


25 36 


" " 1853, 


5,979,904 


10,426,037 


298,995 


4 


34 87 


" " 1854, 


5,657,339 


12,020,309 


282,866 


19 


42 49 


" " 1855, 


2,550,327 


3,993,900 


127,516 


7 


31 32 


Q^otal 16 years, 


30,562,257 


$50,912,513 


1,528,112 


17 





Average cost of the whole per ton. 



$32 66. 



36 



Statement exhibiting the quantity and value of all Importations op Iron and Steel, and 
Manufactures of Iron, and of Iron and Steel, into the United States during the six 
months ending December 31, 1855. 













Average 


Articles. 


Quantity. 




Value. 


Value 












PER Ton. 


Manufactures of Iron, and iron and steel, 




Tons. 


cwt. 






Muskets and Rifles, .... 


3,120 No. 






16,713 




Fire-arms, not specified, 








328,566 




Side-arms, . . . ■ . 








1,757 




Needles, ..... 








122,821 




Cutlery, ...... 








726,103 




Other manufactures and wares not specified, 








2,015,430 




Cap or Bonnet-Wire, 


79,112 lbs. 


35 


6 


2,365 


$67 00 


Nails, Spikes, Tacks, &c.. 


737,948 " 


329 


8 


43,288 


181 41 


Chain Cables, . . . . . 


7,870,685 " 


3,513 


14 


235,007 


66 88 


Mill-Saws, Cross-cut, and Pit-Saws, No. 


12,935 No. 






85,795 




Anchors and parts thereof, 


472,618 lbs. 


210 


19 


19,315 


91 58 


Anvils and parts thereof, 


489,175 " 


196 


1 


20,833 


106 26 


Iron. 












Bar Iron, ..... 


1,101,789 cwt. 


55,089 


9 


2,733,9.39 


49 62 


Rod Iron, ..... 


62,706 " 


3,135 


6 


149,834 


47 78 


Hoop Iron, ..... 


4,572,709 lbs. 


2,041 


7 


122,958 


60 23 ^ 


Sheet Iron, ..... 


14,883,201 " 


6,644 


5 


367,600 


55 82 


Pig Iron, ..... 


596,793 cwt. 


29,839 


13 


604,389 


20 25 


Old and Scrap Iron, 


145,087 " 


7,254 


7 


111,514 


15 37 


Railroad Iron, .... 
Sfppl 


1,797,097 " 


89,854 


17 


8,449,720 


38 39 


Cast, Shear, and German, 


76,188 " 


3,809 


3 


767,652 


201 50 


All other, 


50,460 " 


2,523 




390,174 


154 64 


Total value, . 






$12,265,768 





REPORTS OF EXPERIMENTS ON THE STRENGTH AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF METALS FOR CANNON. 
With a Description of the Machines for Testing Metals, and of the Classification of Cannon in service. By Officers 
of the Ordnance Department U. S. Army. By authority of the Secretary of War. Philadelphia, Henry Carey 
Baird, successor to E. L. Carey. Illusti'ated by twenty-five large steel plates. In one volume, quarto. 

We hail with satisfaction this important work ; not simply for its value to those engaged in the manufacture of 
cannon, but for its interest to all who desire a thorough knowledge of cast iron. Its appeai-ance marks an era in the 
history of the military art in the United States, being much the most creditable contribution to this class of literature 
which we have yet given to the world. It can scarcely be of less interest to manufacturers of iron generally, and we 
heartily recommend it to the attentive perusal of our readers. Time and space will permit us to give but a hurried 
glance at some of the features of its contents. At a future day we may hope again to take up the subject. 

By these experiments it was established most satisfactorily, that the cohesive power of iron was augmented by a 
prolonged exposure to an intense heat in a liquid state, up to a given point, when it rapidly deteriorated. Many valua- 
ble experiments are given respecting the eifect of continuing the metal in fusion and of remelting. The difference in the 
strength of iron cast with the guns and that in bars, at the same time, is valuable as indicating the effect of slow or 
rapid cooling. An important paper on the wrought iron used in the Princeton Gun is given. To all who know the 
difficulty in the management of large masses of wrought iron, this will be of great interest and value. 

We must close by merely calling attention to one or two heads more in the book — the effect of atmospheric pressure 
on the surface of liquid iron — -casting guns solid or hollow — of time in removing strains caused by unequal cooling — 
report on the strength and other properties of metals, &c. &c. Full descriptions ai"e given of the Testing Machine, 
Hydrometer, &c. 

It is impossible now to do justice to the merits of this volume, or its authors; but we feel satisfied that no one can 
read it, whose business calls him to an investigation of the different properties of iron, without finding in it a mass of 
the most valuable information. 



MAP 

InTERACITFJ FUIiNACES 

OF PENN» 




PUBLISHED 

exclusively for the ase of the 
MEMBERS OK THE 

amer: iron ASSOC? 



.^"\.l 



. i; 



i 



^ 



Copy-rij^ht securei 



t SiKlair'sJuh-Plul'> 



57 



ANTHEACITE BLAST FUMACES IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Philadelphia, February 22, 1857. 

The Table which follows on pages 58, 59, 62, and 63, contains all the information which it was found possible to pre- 
sent in that form. Much other material which is of interest, and which cannot fail to aiford subjects for future consideration, 
can only be given at present in the form of notes, arranged under the names of the furnaces to which they relate, and in the 
order of the table. To explain the table itself, it will be necessary to explain the headings of the columns, which are 
grouped in four series to express, I, the shape and calibre of the stack; II, the power and method with which it is worked; 
III, the material it uses and the kind of its products; and IV, the results obtained from year to year — what has been gained 
in the past and what may be expected in future. " 

It is intended to obtain and publish outline sections showing the various shapes of the furnaces. But to tabulate the 
various dimensions of hearth, stack, cylinder and tunnel head, gas flues, &c., would be a more cumbrous and far less satis- 
factory way of attaining the same end. Yet it is necessary to give some indication of the size and shape, to explain the 
different yield of one furnace and another. Among iron-men, the usual index of furnace capacity, is the ^width inside 
across the top of the boslies, where the old furnaces were widest, and where the in-walls slope down towards the hearth 
and up towards the tunnel head. Some furnaces, however, instead of rising cylinder-wise of equal diameter, or egg-shape- 
dome-wise with variably decreasing diameters from the top of the boshes upwards, bulge more or less, and reach their 
greatest width one or more feet above the top of the boshes.* In the table this is marked in the case of the Grlendon 
furnaces, by giving the greatest diameter before the diameter at the top of the boshes. 

The height of the stack is measured from the floor of the hearth on which the iron rests to the mouth or tunnel 
head at the top. Most furnaces have an upper brick or iron cylinder built above the tunnel head, with archways or door- 
ways to allow of filling. These are not taken into the measurement. 

The proper width of the tunnel head, or aperture above into which the stock is thrown and out at which 
the flaming gases escape (such of it as is not diverted into the flues) has been made of late a theme of debate. Truran and 
the school of thinkers which he seems to be representing, oppose the old contracted tunnel head, and urge a wide open 
stack, upon the ground that the draft of air should not be greater above than below, but less, so as to subject the ore 
gradually as it descends to gentle and increased roasting, and so as to reserve the more violent combustion and rapid waste 
of the coal for the middle and lower parts of the furnace. Truran carries his idea so far as even to suggest the flaring of 
the furnace upward all the way from the boshes to the tunnel head. 

As appeals are made to the experience of the past in Great Britain, and as we have an experience of our own in 
America, and certain experiments are being tried with wide tunnel heads — as at Danville and Lebanon — a column is given 
to the returns under this head. 

Intimately connected with the theory of wide tunnel heads, is a prejudice against taking off the gas below the tunnel 
head for heating the blast air pipes or the steam engine boilers. To divert the gases from their natural direct escape, and 
conduct them through tortuous and often descending pipes, demands an artificial draft, to be produced only by the erection 
of high chimneys ; but if the increased draft of a narrow tunnel head be injurious, much more must be these artificial side 
drafts. It is asserted that it would be cheaper to let the gas alone, and use fresh coal in the engine grate and hot-air chamber. 
It is asserted that the natural working of the furnace must be so obstructed by compelling it to furnish more gas than it 
needs, and by creating drafts at wrong points, that the quality of the iron produced must suffer. These are questions to be 
practically decided. It is desirable to tabulate the data. Another reason has weighed for introducing the column of the 
average depth below the tunnel head at which the gas is taken off. The gas flue is virtually the top of the furnace, and the 
numbers under height of stack must be modified by the corresponding numbers under this heading. It is curious to see that, 
as yet, no rule governs this distance. Stacks of every variety of altitude are gas-tapped at one distance below the tunnel 
head. In one part of the country the distance is small and in another great. There seems no reason in this. 

The number of tuyeres provided for a furnace is generally equivalent to the number used; in the few instances 
where this is not the case, it is intended to be noticed in the table. The size of the tuyere nozzle varies so constantly 
and so much more in the hands of one keeper than another, that nothing but a rough average could be given under this 
heading. It is hopeless to expect even an approximation to a complete table of the amount of air that passes in at the 
tuyeres, or, which would amount to the same thing, of the pressure at the nozzle. A few furnaces keep two gauges, one at 
the air reservoir and the other at the tuyeres; but the majority have but one, in the engine room. This, however, is only a 
relative indication of the strength of blast, guiding the engineer, but not enlightening the inquirer. The greatest differences 

* The word Bosh is an okl dialectic variation .of Box, aud is still used in England in a simihar sense. The Bosh of the Furnace 
is the Iwppcr-shaped part of it which receives the roasted ore descending from the cylinder above, melts it, and permits the pure iron 
to run through down into the hearth, or metal-box proper. How the word became a plural — boshes — can be only conjectured from a 
disposition in miners to say breastses for breasts, &c., which is not tinoommon. 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 

United States in aud fur the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylvania. 



58 

TABLE A. 
ANTHRACITE BLAST FURNACES IN THE UNITED STATES. 

SITUATION, OTYNERS' AND MANAGERS' ADDRESS. 



1. JIASSACHUSBTTS AND CONNECTICUT— VALLEY OF HOUSATONIC. 



1. Berkshire, No. 1. 

2. Berkshire, No. 2. 

3. Stockhridge, No. 2. 

4. Sharon Station. 
6. Bull's Falls. 



Bekkshike Co., Mass., near West Stockhridge railroad station. Berkshire Iron Works Company (Gay & Burt) owners. 

Silas W. Burt, agent. 
Berkshire Co , Mass. Stockbridge Iron "Works Company. 

DcTCHESs Co., N. Y., near the Massachusetts line, on Harlem Kailroad. Hiram Weed & Co., Corkenstoivn. . 
Litchfield Co., Conn., four miles south of Kent depot, on Hou.satonic Railroad. D. & E. Wheeler. 



18.33 
1S57 
1S45 
1S54 
1S26 



2. NORTHERN NEW YORK. 



6. Port Henry, No. 1. Essex Co., N. Y., west shore of Lake Champlain, near old Fort Crown Point. John H. Reed, Boston, treasurer; J. H. Reed and 1847 

7. Port Henry, No. 2, W. T. Foote, managers. Port Henry Furnace Company. 1854 

8. Siscoe. Essex Co., N. Y., west .shore of Lake Champlain. Westport. 

9. Fort Edward. Washington Co., N. Y., Fort Edward Blast Furnace Company. J. A. Griswold, Troy, treasurer; C. C. Alger, Hudson, agent. 
10. Clinton. Oneida Co., N. Y., nine miles west of XJtica. S. A. Munson, Utica. 



3. NEW YORK— THE VALLEY OF THE HUDSON. 



11. Hadson, No. 1. 

12. Hudson, No. 2. 

13. Po'keepsie, No. 1. 

14. Po'keepsie, No. 2. 

15. Napanock. 

16. Peekskill. 

17. Greenwood, No. 2. 

18. Manhattan. 



Hudson Iron Company. Sydney Seymour, secretary, and C. C. Alger, 
Po'keepsie Iron Works Company. Edward Bech 



Columbia Co., New Y'ork, on the Hudson River Railroad. 

co-owner, contractor, and agent. 
Dutchess Co., N. Y., a half mile below Po'keepsie, on Hudson River Railroad. 

and Kuhnhardt. A. Town, manager. 
Ulster Co., N. Y., on Rondout River and Del. and Hudson Canal, 25 miles S. W. of Kingston. F. Bange. M. S. Brinton, manager. 
Westchester Co., N. Y., on Hudson River Railroad, 45 miles from Hew York. Warren Murdock, and others. 
Orange Co., N. Y., on Erie R. R., 44 miles from N. Y. Greenwood station. Robert P. & Peter P. Parrot. (P. P. Parrott, manager.) 
New York Co., N. Y., on H. R. R. R., 6 m. N. of N.Y. D. Headley, M. Leffarts, B. W. Van Voorhees & Co. M. Brock, co-owner & ag't. 



ISJO 
1850 
1848 
1S53 



1854 



4. NEW JERSEY. 



19. Boonton. 

20. Cooper, No. 1. 

21. Cooper, No. 2. 

22. Cooper, No. 3. 



Morris Co., N. J., on Morris Canal, 32 m. via canal, 19 via road, from Newark. Fuller, Lord & Co., N. Y. W, G. Lathrop, manager. 
Warren Co., New Jersey, half a mile below the village of Philipsburg, opposite Easton, Pennsylvania. On the Delaware 



River and New Jersey Central Railroad. 
Joseph C. Kent, manager. 



Trenton Iron Company. (Cooper & Hewett, & others, of New York.) 



6. PENNSYLVANIA— VALLEY OF THE DELAWARE AND LEHIGH. 



23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
41. 
42. 



Durham, No. 1. 
Durham, No. 2. 
South Easton. 
Glendon, No. 1. 
Glendon, No. 2. 
Glendon, No. 3. 
Alleufown, No. 1. 
Allentown, No. 2. 
AUentown, No. 3. 
Allentown, No. 4. 
Lehigh Crane, No. 
Lehigh Crane, No 
Lehigh Crane, No. 
Lehigh Crane, No. 
Lehigh Crane, No. 
Thomas I. Co., No. 
Thomas I. Co., No, 

Lehigh Valley. 

Poco. 

Mauch Chunk. 



Bucks Co., on Delaware River, nine miles below Easton. Joseph Whitaker, G. P. Whitaker, William Davis, Joseph R. Whitaker, 

and G. W. Whitaker, owners. G. W. Whitaker, manager. 
Northampton Co., one mile above the mouth of Lehigh River, south side, on railroad and canal. C. Jackson, Jr Rebuilt, 18.53. 
Northampton Co., two mile.s above the mouth of the Lehigh River, south side, on the Lehigh Valley Railroad and Lehigh Canal. 
Charles Jackson, Jr., owner ; William Firmstone, Esq., agent. 
Glendon, No. 1, rebuilt 1850. 
Lehigh Co., on west side of Lehigh River, and on Lehigh Valley Railroad, one mile above Allentown. Allentown Iron Company. 
S. Lewis, Esq., agent and manager. 

do. do. do. do. 

do. do. do. do. 



1. Lehigh Co., on the east side of the Lehigh River, and on the Lehigh Canal, three miles above Allentown 
. 2. Company. Post-office address, Catasanqua. "j 

. 3. do. do. ( 



Lehigh Crane Iron 



•David Thomas, agent and manager. 



4. do. do. 

5. do. do. 

1. Lehigh Co., on the west side of the Lehigh River, and on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, four miles above Allentown. Thomas Iron 
. 2. Company. Post-office address, Hockeudauqua. Thomas & Son, managers. 

Lehibh Co., west side of river on railroad, five miles above Allentown. Lehigh Valley Iron Company. Post-office, Laubach's. 

Carbon Co., east side of river on canal, 22 miles above Allentown. Bowman, Brothers & Co. Post-office, Parryville. 

Cakeon Co., formerly 1 mile below Mauch Chunk; destroyed; rebuilt in M. C. Weiss, Lippincott & Menard. W. McDowell, manager. 



1848 
1851 
1845 
1S44 
1845 
1850 
1846 
1847 
1852 
1855 
1S40 
1842 
1846 
18,50 
1850 
1855 
1855 
1855 
1855 
1826 



6. PENNSYLVANIA— VALLEY OF THE SCHUYLKILL. 



43. Pioneer. 

44. Leesport. 

45. Moselem. 

46. Reading, No. 1. 

47. Reading, No. 2. 

48. Reading. 

49. Henry Clay, No. 1. 

50. Henry Clay, No. 2. 
61. Keystone. 

52. Hopewell. 

53. Phoenix, No. 1. 

64. Phoenix, No. 2. 

65. Phoenix, No. 3. 

66. Montgomery. 

67. Lucinda. 

58. Swede, No. 1. 
69. Swede, No. 2. 

60. Plymouth. 

61. Merlon. 

62. Spring Mill. 

63. Wm. Penn, No. 1. 

64. Wm. Penn, No. 2. 



Schuylkill Co. Pottsville. Atkins & Brother, owners and managers. Pottsville. 183S 

Berks Co., east side of Schuylkill on canal. Leesport Iron Company. F. S. Hunter, agent. T. Cole, manager. 1853 

Berks Co., seven miles due east of Leesport. F. S. Hunter, owner. Nicholas Hunter, co-lessee and manager. 1823 

Berks Co., twelve miles west of Reading; two miles east of Womelsdorf; half mile south of turnpike. Robeson, Brooke & Co., 1853 

hereafter Robeson, White & Co. (No. 2 furnace to blow in 1S57, after the opening of the Lebanon Valley Railroad.) 1856 

Berks Co., Reading ; south part of town, on Reading Railroad. Seyfert, McManus & Co. 1854 

Berks Co., Reading; south part of the town, on the Reading Railroad, fifty-four miles from Philadelphia. Eckert & Brother, 1846 

owners. D. E. Benson, manager. 1854 

Berks Co., Birdsborough, forty-nine miles above Philadelphia. 18.54 

Berks Co., new stack on the Schuylkill Canal, four miles north of old charcoal furnace. Clingan & Buckley. 18.36 

Chester Co., on the west side of the Schuylkill River, at the mouth of French Creek, and twenty-eight miles northwest ISto 

of Philadelphia, on the Schuylkill Canal and on the Reading Railroad. Reeves, Back and Company, owners. 1S45 

John Griffin, manager. 1847 

Montgomery Co., Port Kennedy, 21 m. f. Phila. C. Miller, J. Patterson, T. G. Hollingsworth, M. Patterson, o'ers. G. S. Patterson, m'r. 1854 

Montgomery Co., Norristown ; upper end of town, on canal, 17 miles from Philadelphia.' William Schall, owner and manager. 1856 

Montgomery Co., west side of the Schuylkill, on the Reading Railroad, fifteen miles above Philadelphia. Swede Iron Company. 18.30 

Coushohocken. Griffith Jones, manager. 1853 

Montgomery Co., east side of Schuylkill River, thirteen miles from Philadelphia, on Norristown R. R. Stephen Colwell, owner. 1845 

Montgomery Co., west side, thirteen miles, Reading Railroad. Colwell & Co., owners. S. Fulton, manager. 1848 

Montgomery Co., cast side, 12 miles, Norristown R. R. Estate of Jno. Farr, & David Reeves, owners. J. W. Collins, manager. 1844 

Montgomery Co., east side of Schuylkill River, twelve miles from Pliiladelphi.a, on Norristown Railroad and Schuylkill Canal. 1845 

Hitner, Cresson & Co., owners and managers. Post-offlce, Barron Hill. 18.33 



59 



TABLE A. 







SIZE. 


o 




BLAST. 




KIND 






PKODUCTION. 






NAME. 






Tunnel 
head. 
Gas- 
flue.* . 


tuyeres. 
Size of 
nose. 

Heat. 


Pres- 
sure. 

Cubic ft. 
permin.J 


of of 
power, ore. 


of 
iron. 


d . 


^' 


i 1 


.3 


CO <D 

s 1 


KAME. 


1. MASSACHUSETTS AND CONNECTICUT, VALLEY OF 


HOUSATONIC. 
















Berlishire, No. 1 
Berlishire, No. 2 


12 
16 


32 
41 


6 11 

S .. 


3 
5 


3^ 


600= 3K 3,142 
.. 4 5,630 


S. 

s. 


H. 
H. 


I. II. 
I. II. 


5,noo 

7,000 


•• 


2,644}i.39 
0,000 00 


4,612)4-31 
0,000 00 


3,442Ji41 
0,000 00 


Berkshire, 1 
Berkshire, 2 


Stockbridge, No. 2 


10 




6 .. 


3 


2 


.. 


l>i .. 


w. 


H. 


I. II. 


2,000 


.. 


1,800? 43? 


1,800? 43? 


0,000 00 


Stockb'ge, 2 


Sharon Station 


10-9 


32 


4 .. 


3 


2% 


500 


2 


s. 


H. 


I. II. 


3,000 




750 26 


0,000 00 


0,000 00 


Sharon Stat'n 


Bull's Falls 


B 14 30 40 


= 6t.. 


2 J 


3 


.. 


3 2,830 


w. 


H. 


I. 


4,000 




. . 




0,000 00 


Bull's FaUs 


2. NOETHERN NEW TOEK. 
















21,000 




5,194X 


6,412)^ 


3,4423^ 




Port Henry, No. 1 
Port Henry, No. 2 


16 


42 
46 


7 6 

8 10 


3 
5 


3 


500^ 
250 


2 5,890 

3 5,640 


w. 

s. 


M. 

M. 


•• 


3,.50O 
7,.500 


•• 


3,553 52 


6,612 11 


9,730 90 


Port Henry, 1 
Port Henry, 2 


Siscoe 


13 


42 


6 6 


3 


3X 


450 


2 3,600 


s. 


M. 


I. n. in. 


5,000 


.. 


.. 


2,450 ? 42 ? 


4,200 41 


Siscoe 


Fort Edward 


ISK 


50 


9« 8 


3 


4K 


550 


5 5,185 


w. 


M. (F.) 




5,000 


.. 


.. 


.. 


2,500? ? 


Fort Edward 


Clinton 


.. 


.. 


.. .. 


.. 




.. 


.. 








3,.50O 


.. 


.. 


.. 


2,000? ? 


Clinton 


3. NEW YORK— THE VALLEY OF THE HUDSON. 








24,500 




3,553 


9,062 ? 


18,430 




Hudson, No. 1 
Hudson, No. 2 


16 
16 


45 
43 


•7H 8 


'3 
3 


4% 
4% 


550° 
330 


5 5,000 
5 5,000 


s. 
s. 


M. H. 
M. H. 


I. II. 
I. II. 


7,500 
7,500 


•• 


5,500^47 
6,331^47 


7,320^52 
7,103X52 


5,167J<47 
4,9.31)^47 


Hudson, 1 
Hudson, 2 


Po'keepsie, No. 1 
Po'keepsie, No. 2 


13K 

'«15 


43 
46 


5 7}i 

6 7 


3 
3 




600 
500 


4% 3,540 
4% 4,240 


s. 
s. 


M. H. 
M. H. 


1. 11. 

I. II. 


6,000 
6,500 


•• 


4,372K47 
4,5783^45 


2,654Jf29 
6,271 %32 


4,928 52 
6,480 47 


Po'keepsie, 1 
Po'keepsie, 2 


Napanock 


9 • 


30 


4 5 


3 


Vi 




2)^ 1,810 


w. 


M. H. 


I. II. 


2,500 


.. 


-900 35 


1,200 30 


1,700 39 


Napanock 


Peekskill 


16 


44 


6 10 


3 


4 


550+3K 3,710 


s. 


M. H. 


u. 


3,600 


.. 


1,800? 26? 


1,800? 26? 


0,000 00 


Peekskill 


Greenwood 


18 


54 


7 7 


6 


3J^ 


600 


4>i .. 


s. w. 


M. 


I. 


5,000 


., 


2,500 26 


6,000 62 


3,000 32 


Greenwood 


Manhattan 


11 


40 


S^i 9 


2 


2K 


600 


3 1,800§ 


s. 


M. H. 




4,000 


.. 


3,050 46 


4,000 52 


3,600 48 


Manhattan 


4. NEW JERSEY. 




















41,600 




28,032»i 


35,350>^ 


28,827 




Boonton 


14 


40 


6 6 


6 


2X 


530= 3% 5,500 


w. 


M. 


II. III. 


6,200 




5,867 62 


6,180 52 


4,881%40 


Boonton 


Cooper, No. 1 
Coopei-, No. 2 
Cooper, No. 3 


20 

18 
22 


65 10 10 
42 8 10 
55 10 10 


3 
3 
5 


4 
3 
3 


500 
500 
500 


3 4,9.30 
3 4,950 
3 4,930 


s. 
s. 
s. 


M. H. 
M. H. 
M. H. 


I. II. 
I. II. 
I. 11. 


S.OOO 
7,000 
8,000 


•• 


4.906 42 
5,.337 42 
3,632 42 


7,980 62 
6.771 52 
7.423 52 


7,430 62 
7,041 52 
6.764 52 


Cooper, 1 
Cooper, 2 
Cooper, 3 


6. PENNSYLVANIA— VALLEY OF THE DELAWARE AND LEHIGH. 




20,200 




21,762 


28,354 


26,110Ji 




Durham, No. 1 
Durham, No. 2 


13 
14 


40 
40 


5 6 
5 7 


3 
3 


3H. 


600° 3)< 6,790 
600 4^ . . 


s. 
s. 


M. H. 
M. H. 


I. II. III. 
I. II. III. 


5,500 
5,.500 


3,840 


2,898 41 
3,641 42 


1,569 16 
6,054 62 


5.217 52 
3,364 30 


Durham, 1 

Durham, 2 


South Easton 
Glendon, No. 1 
Glendon, No. 2 
Glendon, No. 3 


IS. 11 
H.19 
18_14 
H_I2 


45 
50 
50 
45 


8 .. 
8 .. 
8 .. 
8 .. 


5 
5 
5 
4 


2>^ 
3K 
3 


500 
500 
500 
500 


4 

4 7,240 

\ 17,000 


s.w. 
w. 

s.w. 
s.w. 


M. H. 

M. n. 

M. H. 
M. H. 


I. II. III. 
I. II. III. 

I. IT. III. 
I. II. III. 


7.000 
.5.000 
7.000 
5,. 300 


3,V40 
3.978 
4,469 


■37 

20,609^ 32 
.39 


'63 

25,S78J 1 
.39 


6,855 52 
4,677K46 
6,770J^52 
5,537 52 


South Easton. 
Glendon, 1 
Glendon, 2 
Glendon, 3 


AUentown, No. 1 
AUentown, No. 2 
AUentown, No. 3 
AUentown, No. 4 


12 
12 

16 
16 


45 
45 
45 
50 


5 .. 
5 .. 
5 .. 
5 .. 


3 
3 
6 
6 


3 
3 

2X 
2% 


600 
600 
600 
600 


4 
4 
4 
4 


s. 

s. 
s. 
s, 


M. H. 
M. H. 
M. H. 
M. H. 


I. II. 

I. II. 

1. 11. in. 
I. II. in. 


4,.300 
4,500 
7,000 
7,000 


4,200 
4,200 


13,992^ ■• 


16,30oJ •• 


4,112 52 
2,387 32 
6,8.30 52 
6,616 50 


AUentown, 1 
AUentown, 2 
AUentown, 3 
Alleutown, 4 


L. Crane, No. 1 
L. Crane, No. 2 
L. Crane, No. 3 
L. Crane, No. 4 
L. Crane, No. 5 


11 
13 
16 
IS 
18 


47 
47 
47 
55 

00 


4 6 

5 i 

8 .. 
8 .. 


6 
6 
9 
9 
9 


3 
3 
3 
3 
3 


600 
600 
600 
600 
600 


5K 5,110 
b% . . 
5i,i 8,490 
53^11,530 
5}i . . 


s. 
s. 
s. 
s. 
s. 


M. H. 
M. H. 
M. H. 
M. H. 
M. H. 


I. II. 

I. n. 
I. II. 
I. II. 


6,200 
6,000 
8,000 
9,. 300 
9,500 


3,639 
4,494 
6,139 


25,000 J ." 


24,992-! •• 


5,115 52 
0,000 00 
7,6933^.32 
8,962 45 
9,299^46 


L. Crane, 1 
L. Crane, 2 
L. Crane, 3 
L. Crane, 4 
L. Crane, 5 


Thomas C, No. 1 
Thomas C, No. 2 


IS 
18 


60 
60 


8 .. 
8 .. 


12 
12 


3 
3 


600 
600 


S}< 9,000 
8}i 9,000 


s. 
s. 


M. H. 
M. H. 


1. 11. 
I. II. 


9,. 500 
9,.500 


•• 


.. .. 


4,927 32 
1,518 7 


17,446 88 


Thomas C, 1 
Thomas C, 2 


Lehigh Valley 


14 


45 


5 .. 


4 


23X 

-•4 


600 


iX 5,000 


s. 


M. H. 


1. 11. 


6,000 


., 




3,532 42 


4,465 36 


L. Valley 


Poco 


13 


40 


. . . . 


2-1 2>4'-'I 600 


3 


w. 


M. II. 


1. 11. 111. 


3,000 






30 2 


3,000 52 


Poco 


Manch Chunk 


9 


33 




2 


3K 


500 


4 


s. 


M. U. 




2, .300 


.. 


500 00 


300 .. 


000 00 


Mauch Chunk 


6. PENNSYLVANIA— 


VALLEY 


OF THE 


SCHUYLKILL. 








127,200 


38,099 


66,540 


80,100 


108,367 


• 


Pioneer 


12 


36 


5K -t 


3 


3 


600= 


3 3,290 


s. 


M. II. 


I. 11. III. 


4,000 


570 


2,167 3t 


3,112 48 


3,227 48 


Pioneer 


Leesport 


14 


45 


5 8 


3 


2% 


600 


3K 6,000 


s. 


M. H. 


I. 11. III. 


5,000 


.. 


3,294 41 


4,778 52 


3,2S0 40 


Leesport 


Moselem 


9 


3t 


.. .. 


3 


3 




. . 2,830 




H. 


I. 11. m. 


2,000 




800? ? 


1,000 ? ? 


740 21 


Moselem 


Reading, No. 1 
Beading, No. 2 


14 


30 
40 


5 
5>^12 


3 
6 


2>^ 
3 


530 
550 


3 4,300 

4 7,600 


s.w. 
s. 


M. 
M. 


I. II. in. 


2,300 
5,000 


1,800 


2, 038 45 


1,596 34 


2,141 48 


Beading, 1 
Reading, 2 


Reading 


IS 


49 


.. .. 


3-6 3-2% 


600 


G)i .. 


s. 


M. H. 


I. n. 


7,.300 




3,122 26 


3,843 23 


5,972X.39 


Reading 


Henry Clay, No. 1 
Henry Clay, No. 2 


14 
15 


38 
38 


.. .. 


3 
3 


3H 
3}i 


600 
600 


4M .. 


s. 
s. 


M. H. 
M. H. 


I. II. III. 
I. 11. 111. 


4,.300 
5,300 


3,230 


3,045)^39 
2,991 31 


3,154^38 
931 9 


4,018 49 
4,729 46 


Henry Clay, 1 
Henry Clay, 2 


Keystone 


12 


45 


4 8 


3 


3H. 


450 


4 5,550 


s. 


M. H. 


I. 11. III. 


4,000 




3,7671^48 


3,520 43 


3,885 52 


Keystone 


Hopewell 


12 


36 


5 9 


3 


4-3;,; 




.. 


s. 


M. H. 




4,000 


1,000 


1,853 30 


414 8 


000 00 


Hopewell 


Phrenix, No. 1 
Phcenix, No. 2 
Phoenix, No. 3 


12 
14 


38 
38 
38 


6 3 
6 3 
6 3 


3 
3 

4 


3 
3 
3 


500 
500 
500 


4 

4 1S,210 
4 


s. 
s. 
s. 


M. n. 
M. H. 
M. H. 


111. 
III. 
III. 


4,000 
4,000 
6,000 


1,.5.34 
3,910 
2,581 


2,0381^34 
4,073 >i.32 
3,103K3S 


3,952 52 

4,020K52 
4,794J.i32 


2,721Ji35 

3,0321^34 

398'4- 5 


Phoenix, 1 
Pha;nix, 2 
Phcenix, 3 


Montgomery 


"15 


K4: 


7 9 


3 






3X 5,880 


s. 


H, 


I. II. 


5,500 




.. 


1,114 IS 


000 00 


Montgomery 


Lucinda 


11 


34 


iH 4 


3 


2K 


500 


4 4,500 


s. 


H. 


I. II. III. 


4,000 




.. 




300? 5? 


Lucinda 


Swede, No. 1 
Swede, No. 2 


14 
14 


42 
50 


4»< 7 
4>il4 


3 
3 


4 
4 


600 
600 


4 5,9.S0 
4 S,OSO 


s. 
s. 


H. 
H. 


I. II. 


5,500 
5,.300 


•• 


4,879 62 
860)^11 


1,439 24 
000 00 


5,038 4S 
000 00 


Swede, 1 
Swede, 2 


Plymouth 


11 


36 


5 .. 


3 


3 


600 


3 4,400 


s. 


M. H. 


I. II. in. 


4,300 


2,492 


3,005 41 


4,016 52 


2,530 39 


Plymouth 


Merion 


12 


38 


5%.. 


3 


3 


550 


3 4,8.30 


s. 


M. H. 


I. II. 


4,500 


3,174 


3,725 43 


2,178 26 


4,462J^32 


Merion 


Spring MiU 


12 


40 


. . . . 


3 


3}i 


600 


3J^ 4,040 


s. 


H. 


I. II. in. 


5,000 




4,884 52 


3,465 40 


4,693 52 


Spring MiU 


Wm. Penn, No. 1 
Wm. Penn, No. 2 


11 ?3 

14 


37 
53 


6 

5 8 


3 
3 


3 hi 
3)i 


600 
600 


4 9,030 
4 9,027 


s. 
s. 


H. 
U. 


I. n. 
1. 11. 


4, .300 
.3,300 


2,044 


4,.310 52 
2,790 32 


3,632 44 
5,022 52 


4,160 52 
6,512 52 


Wm. Penn, 1 
Wm. Penn, 2 
























101,300 


22,335 


56,772 >^ 


56,021 Ji 


60,882^ 





* Distance of middle of gas flue telow the tunnel head opening. 

t See notes following on page 03. 

J 330 cold blast cliarcoal. 430 hot blast anthracite 

§ Given by the owners, and not calculated. 



60 

exist between blast tubs, old and new, and between air tubes and pipes, hot and cold, long and sbort, wide and narrow. 
Leakage in the one case, and friction and leakage in the othei', make confusion in the records. To adduce an instance (the 
only instance, unfortunately, which has been returned) : Donegal Furnace has two blast tubs, originally made with wooden 
piston heads surrounded with the best leather packing and perfectly tight to all appearance. They wore well for two years, and 
then were replaced with metal piston head and packing, apparently no tighter than the old. Yet a better blast was now jnade 
with 28 revolutions than had before been made with from Si to 36. The leakage within the tubs seems to amount, in this 
case, to two-ninths, or 22 per cent. The leakage at the front and hind packing boxes is sometimes still greater; and a heavy 
additional percentage is often lost at the valves and along the joints of the pipes. In spite of this uncertainty, the column in the 
, table which gives the calculated amount of wind blown, or the gross displacement of air by the piston heads of the blast tubs 
per minute, must prove valuable, and will no doubt induce those who wish to use these data to the best advantage, to furnish 
fresh and more accurate and full information of what they themselves know. The importance of a correct adjustment of 
blast to burden is entirely comprehended by old or experienced iron workers; but the danger of embarking in iron manufac- 
ture with a small or weak blast apparatus is not appreciated by those who have it to learn by a train of expensive disasters. 
If there be one cardinal fault in American Iron Making, it is the Light Engine and Small Blast Tub ; an engine always 
snapping its rods or shaking its bed to pieces, and two or three small cylinders offering the maximum of friction and of 
leakage at the same time. The steady work of such furnaces as have a good heart and lungs, in the shape of an engine with 
a surplus of metal in it and a blast tub of superior dimensions, contrasts instructively with the annual or semiannual chilling 
and outblowing of such as were but half furnished, by a false economy at the outset, with these vital organs in safe and 
healthy proportions. 

The column showing the average heat of the blast is very defective. Thermometers are seldom used, and when the 
question is asked, the reply commonly received is, we blow merely warm; or, as hot as we can; or, as hot as such another 
furnace. Not half the furnaces know whether or not their blast will melt lead or melt tin, or whether the metal must be 
sharpened to a fine point to melt. One thermometer applied to a hot blast, and showing only 280° Fahrenheit, was observed 
to have the end of its tube broken off; how much of its original charge of mercurj' was gone, was not known. 

To put all the most important results under the eye at once, the columns of figures were narrowed to the utmost, and 
the kind of power, the kinds of ore used, and the qualities of iron made are designated by the letters S for steam and W for 
water; H for brown hematite ore, M for magnetic ore, F for fossil ore, C for carbonate ore, and B for bog ore; i. for No. 1, soft, 
gray or foundry iron, ii. for No. 2, and III. for No. 3, hard, mottled or white, forge iron. In the notes following, the details 
of individual furnaces will be furnished which could not go into the table; but a complete discussion of the kind and distri- 
bution of ores is reserved for future pages, after the tables of the charcoal furnaces, forges, and rolling mills of the United 
States have been printed. It is hardly necessary even to state here that Hematite ores are those brown liver-like deposits of 
oxide of iron embedded in clay, which feed the Western New England, the Southern and Central Pennsylvania, and other 
groups of furnaces, both anthracite and chai-coal. The Magnetic are those hard, gray, rocky ores, which abound in 
Northern New York and along the Highland and Blue Ridge Belt, from Lower Canada to Georgia. The Fossiiiferous 
is a peculiar blood-red ore, containing lime and covered and filled with small rings and minute shells, which were living when 
the iron was deposited in their ancient sea; an ore the outcrop edge of which runs past Clinton Furnace through Central 
New York, sweeps round the Catskill Mountains, enters Pennsylvania at the Delaware Water Gap, pursues the north side 
of the Blue or North Mountain into Virginia, feeds most of the furnaces of Eastern Tennessee, and comes up through the 
rocks above it, in overturned-canoe-shaped domes, throughout the Alleghany Mountains — as at Danville, Williamsport, 
Frankstown, and Bedford — as seen upon the map which was distributed witli the previous edition of the Table. The 
Carbonate ores are used by all the furnaces behind the Alleghany Mountain in Western Pennsylvania and Virginia, and 
Eastern Ohio and Kentucky, in the great bituminous coal region, and, therefore, do not appear in Table A.* They interlie 
the coal measures, and are sometimes so full of lime as to need no flux, at other times so full of coal that they require much 
less fuel. They exist among the anthracite coal beds, but relatively cost too much to mine, and, therefore, are not used. 
Bog ore is a modern formation, still going on wherever springs issue from the beds of carbonate of ii'on, and furnish a light, 
spongy, moss-like oxide of iron, used, whenever it can be found, to mix with the carbonates in the western furnaces. 

The furnace-men of Salisbury and other Western New England furnaces have established a scale of qualities, by which they 
call No. 1 very soft. No. 2 soft, No. 3 low car wheel. No. 4 high car wheel, No. 5 Mottled, No. 6 white. Some furnaces in 
Pennsylvania and the West divide their iron simply into forge and foundry iron, and have No. 1 and No. 2 qualities of each. 
But a convenient and almost universal triple scale is that of the Table ; where No. 1 represents the large-grained, gray foundry 
iron; No. 2, the finer-grained foundry iron, with finely disseminated graphite through it; and No. 3, the mottled mixture of 
soft gray iron with hard white iron, running down into what would be a fourth grade, were it ever an object to make it, hard 
white iron. This last is never made but with a specific end in view, by here and there a single establishment. To make 
white iron is wasteful; when the furnace has too much ore and too little coal, the iron, wanting carbon, attacks the hearth- 
stones to get their sand, and runs away in floods of worthless greenish silicate of iron, or black cinder. As the relative 
proportion of ores employed is represented in the table, Avhere it could be, by differences in the size of the letters, H. M. F., 
the same method would have been adopted to show the different amounts of Nos. 1, 2, and 3 iron, had the answers to that 
inquiry been more minutely replied to in the majority of those received. 

The column of Capacity shows what amount of anthracite iron could be made in the United States with the present 
furnaces, under the most favorable circumstances; that is, were each furnace kept in blast the whole year, excepting a week 
or two for repairs, and allowing for the stoppage of those which use water power without steam, the capacity of such being put 
down thirty or forty per cent, below those driven by steam. This remains a forlorn hope, while so little advantage is taken 

* Some of these have reported that they run on magnetic ore, which is never the case ; although sometimes a carbonate ore will 
develop attraction on roasting, or contain perhaps, as part of its original sediment, old magnetic iron in a state of dried paste. 



61 

of the experience of the iron trade in the matter of small and weak machinery, and while so little security is afforded by 
Government to the capital invested in the manufacture. 

The column of yield in 1849 is copied from the Statistical Tables of 1850, collected and constructed by Charles E. Smith, 
Esq., and published in "Statistics of the Iron Manufacture in Pennsylvania." The columns of 1854 and '55, were collected 
by Dr. Robert F. Brower, late Secretary of the American Iron Association, and have been carefully corrected both previous 
to and since the first edition of the Table on pages 49, 50, and 51 of this Bulletin. The column of the yield of 1856 has 
been collected by the present Secretary, and is complete with the exception of the Fort Edward, Clinton, Harrisburg, and 
Cornwall furnaces, of which no report could be obtained, and the yield of which is, therefore, estimated. All the estimated 
numbers in the columns of 1854 and '55 are marked also with an (?), and it will be seen at once that, so far as the personal 
interest of iron men in the scientific objects of these Tables can make them attainable, we have already placed the statistics 
of the Iron Manufacture for the future upon the firmest and widest base. J. P. LESLEY, Secretary. 



SUMMAEY OF THE FACTS COKTAIIs^ED IN THE FOEEGOING TABLE. 

By Chaeles E. Smith. 



Taking up the tables, pages 59 and 63, and examining the 
districts in the order named, it appears that the part comprising 
the Valley of the Hous atonic contains 5 furnaces, and 
produced iu — 



1854, from 3 furnaces in blast 

1855, " 2 " " 

1856, « 1 furnace " 
1856, average of all the furnaces 

" " those in blast 



Tons. 

5,194 
6,412 
3,442 



3,442 

Feet. 

16 
10 
12.55 

2 



Bosh of the largest furnace, Berkshire, No. 2 

" smallest furnace, Stockbridge, No. 2 
Bosh, average of all 
Number of new furnaces in the last 3 years 

The product of this district is not likely to increase a great 
deal, as it will probably be found more advantageous to trans- 
port the ores to the Hudson Uiver, and make the iron there, 
than to carry the coal by railroad to the ore. 

The second district, comprising Northern Ne"W York, 

contains 5 furnaces, and produced in — 



1854, from 1 furnace in blast . 

1855, " 2 furnaces "... 

1856, " 3 " "... 
1856, average of all the furnaces 

Bosh of the largest furnace. Fort Edward . 

" smallest furnace, Siscoe . 

Bosh, average of all . 
Number of new furnaces in the last 3 years 



Tons. 

3,553 

9,062 

18,430 

3,686 

Feet. 

. 18.5 

. 13 

. 15 
. 3 



The third district, comprising the Valley of the Hud- 
son, contains 8 furnaces, and produced in — 



1854, from 8 furnaces in blast 

1855, "8 " ... 

1856, "7 " ... 
" average of all the furnaces . 
" " " in blast 
" largest product, Po'keepsie, No. 2 

Bosh of the largest furnace, Greenwood 
" smallest furnace, Napanock 

Bosh, average of all . 
Number of new furnaces in last 3 years 

The anthracite iron manufacture of the State of New York 



Tons. 

28,082 

35,350 

28,827 

3,603 

4,118 

5,480 

Feet. 

. 18 

. 9 

. 14.3 

. 



is situated wholly along its eastern border, and, for the present 
purpose, the two districts into which it is divided in the table 
may be considered as one. It presents the following features 
worthy of notice: At a distance of about 100 miles, by canal, 
west of the Hudson River, lie the red fossil ores. At about 
the same distance north, by canal and lake, lie the rich mag- 
netic ores of Lake Champlain. About 30 miles east, by rail- 
road, are the brown hematites of the Housatonic Valley, and 
in the Hudson Yalley are both magnetic and brown hematite 
ores. In the whole of this region wood is scarce and dear; 
in fact, except in the Lake Champlain district, it may be said 
to be exhausted for iron-making purposes. Anthracite coal is 
brought to the Hudson at Rondout, about 60 miles above New 
York ; and limestone and marble occur in numerous places. 

From these facts, it would appear that this district must 
eventually become the seat of a large manufacture. The situa- 
tion of the furnaces being determined by the comparative cost of 
concentrating the materials and getting the product to market. 

The fourth district, comprising Ne"W Jersey, contains 4 
furnaces, all situated in the northern part of the State, in the 
vicinity of the magnetic ores. 



Product in 1854, from 4 furnaces in blast 
" 1855, " " 

" 1856, " " 

1856, average of all . 
" largest product. Cooper, No. 1 

Bosh of the largest furnace. Cooper, No. 3 

" smallest furnace, Boonton 

Bosh, average of all . 

Number of new furnaces in the last 3 years 



Tons. 

21,762 

28,354 

26,116 

6,5-29 

7,430 

Feet. 
. 22* 

. 14 

. 18.5 

. 



The fifth district, comprising that part of Pennsylvania 
lying in the Valleys of the Dela"ware and Lehigh, 
contains 20 furnaces, and produced in — 



1849, from 9 furnaces in blast 

1854, « 16 " 

1855, " 18 " . . 

1856, " 18 " . , 
" average of all the furnaces 

" " " in blast 

" largest product. Crane, No. 5 



Tons. 

38,099 

66,540 

80,100 

108,361 

5,418 

6,020 

9,300t 



* This is the largest furnace in the United States. 

t This is the largest product of the United States from one furnace. 



62 

TABLE A— Continued. 
ANTHRACITE BLAST FURNACES IN THE UNITED STATES. 



SITUATION, OWUEKS' AND MANAGEKS' ADDRESS. 



7. PENNSYLVANIA— VALLEY OF THE SUSQUEHANNA AND JUNIATA. 



65. 



Safe Harbor. 

Conestoga. 

Shawnee, No. 1. 

Shawnee, No. 2. 

Cordelia. 

St. Charles. 

Henry Clay. 

Chickiswalungo. 

Eagle. 

Donegal. 

Marietta, No. 1. 

Marietta, No. 2. 

Middletown, No. 1. 

Middletown, No. 2. 

Cameron. 

Harrisburg. 

Keystone, No. 1. 

Union Deposit. 

New Blarket. 

Dudley. 

N. Lebanon, No. 1. 

N. Lebanon, No. 2. 

N. Lebanon, No. 3. 

Cornwall, No. 1. 

Cornwall, No. 2. 

Stanhope. 

Duncannon. 

Lewistown. 

Hope. 



Lancaster Co., east side of Susquehanna Eiver, on Conestoga Slackwater Eeeves, Abbott & Co. "Wyatt W. MUler, manager. 

Lancaster Co., a half mile south of Lancaster courthouse. C. Geiger, Esq.. owner and manager. 

Lancaster Co., one mile southeast of Columbia, on the Susquehanna Eiver. A. and J. "Wright, owners. 
. , manager. 

Lancaster Co., two mUes east of Columbia. Kauffman, Sheaffer & Co. C. S. Kauffman, manager. 

Lancaster Co., half a mile above Columbia, on canal and railroad. Clem. B. Grubb, owner and manager. 

Lancaster Co., two miles above Columbia, on canal and railroad. C. B. Penrose & Co. Mr. Erb, manager. 

Lancaster Co., two and a half miles above Columbia, on canal and railroad. E. Haldeman & Co. E. Haldeman, manager. 

Lancaster Co., Marietta, three miles above Columbia, on canal and railroad. Eagle, Beaver & Co. Mr. Beaver, manager. 

Lancaster Co., Marietta, three miles above Columbia, on canal and railroad. Eckert & Myers. Mr. Eambler, manager. 

Lancaster Co., Marietta, three miles above Columbia, on the Pennsylvania Canal and Columbia Eailroad. Musselman & Watts, 
owners. Musselman & Son, managers. 

Dauphin Co., Middletown, east side of the Susquehanna, nine miles below Harrisburg, on Pennsylvania Canal and Harrisburg 
and Lancaster Eailroad. Wood and Sterling, of Pittsburg. J. C. Boyle, manager. 

Dauphin Co., Middletown, east of the town. Landis & Co. 

Dauphin Co., Harrisburg, east side of canal, back of town. D. E. Porter, owner. W. Keller, manager. 

Dauphin Co., Harrisburg, one mile below, on Harrisburg and Lancaster Eailroad. Bryan, Longenecker & Co. 

Dauphin Co., Union Deposit, nine miles east of Harrisburg, on Union Canal. Gingrich, Balsbaugh & Co. S. M. Krauser, agent. 

Lebanon Co., three miles northwest of Millerstown. Post-office, Anville. Light & Early, owners. 

Lebanon Co., Lebanon, a half mile west, on turnpike. Dudley Iron Company. Kline, Krauss, and others. 

Lebanon Co., North Lebanon, one mile northwest of Lebanon, on the north side of the Union Canal. G. Dawson Coleman, 
owner. Charles B. Forney, manager. No. 3 of the former table is only a foundation. This No. 3 is an experi- 
mental stack one hundred yards distant, called in former table No. 4. 

Lebanon Co., at the Cornwall magnetic ore mines, five miles south of Lebanon; stacks quarter of a mile asunder; railroad to 
canal. E. W. & W. Coleman. B. Mooney, manager. 

Schuylkill Co., two miles from Pinegrove. Breitenbach & Sheetz. 

Perry Co., Duncannon, west side of Susquehanna Eiver, on Penna. Eailroad, mouth of Sherman's Creek. Fisher, Morgan & Co. 

Mifflin Co., Lewistown, on Juniata Canal. Etting, Graff & Co. William Willis, manager. 

Mifflin Co., seven miles above Lewistown, on Juniata Canal. J. Murray, Baltimore, A. R. Wood, &c. George Poe, agent. 



S. PENNSYLVANIA— VALLEY OF THE NOETH BEANCH SUSQUEHANNA. 



94. Shamokin. 

95. Chulasky. 

96. Franklin. 

97. Montour, No. 2. 
9S. Montour, No. 3. 
99. Montour, No. 4. 

100. Columbia. 

101. Eoaring Creek. 

102. Bloom. 

.103. Irondale, No. 1. 

104. Irondale, No, 2. 

105. Henry Clay. 

106. Williamsburg. 

107. Hunlach's Creek. 
lOS. Wyoming. 

109. Lackawana, No. 2. 

110. Lackawana, No. 3. 

111. Lackawana, No. 4. 

112. Lackawana, No. 5. 



1848 
1853 
1844 
1833 
1848 
1853 
1845 
1846 
1834 
1847 
1849 
1850 
1833 
1854 
1856 
1845 
1855 
1834 
1855 
1855 
1848 
1849 
1856 
1850 
1855 
1835 
1853 
1846 
1810 



Northumberland Co., Shamokin, on Shamokin and Sunbury Eailroad. H. Longenecker & Co. 1842 

Northumberland Co., 3 miles below Danville, north side Susquehanna, west branch. S. E.Wood. E. W. Richardson, managers. 1846 

Montour Co., three miles northwest of Danville. David Eeeves & Son. 1846 

Montour Co, in Danville, lower end, on the North Branch Canal, near the Catawissa and Williamsport EaUroad. Montour 1839 

Iron Company. J. P. & J. Grove, managers. 1839 

do. do. do. do. 1846 

Montour Co., in Danville, upper end. J. P. & J. Grove, owners and managers. 1840 

Montour Co. , on south side of the Susquehanna, north branch, four mUes above Danville. Wm. Eeynolds, owner ; W. Kase, lessee. 1840 

Columbia Co., Bloomsburg, back of town. McKelvy & Neal. 1847 

Columbia Co., Bloomsburg, back of town ; on the line of the West Branch Valley Eailroad, constructing from Pittstou to Catawissa. 1844 

Bloomsburg Eailroad and Iron Company. Charles R. Paxton, Jr., manager. 1844 

Columbia Co., Light Street, middle ; three miles north of Bloomsburg. Samuel Bettle. 1847 

Columbia Co., Light Street, upper end ; four miles north of Bloomsburg. M. McDowell. 1845 

Luzerne Co., north side of Susquehanna North Branch, twelve miles below Wilkesbarre. William Koons. Schickshinny P. 0. 1854 

Luzerne Co., on north branch Canal, a half mile southwest of Wilkesbarre. Wyoming Iron Company. 1847 

Luzerne Co., at Scranton, on the north bank of the Lackawana Creek, and on the Delaware Water Gap and Great Bend Eail- 1849 

road; seventeen miles northeast of Wilkesbarre. Lackawana Iron and Coal Company: L. T. Scranton, president ; 1849 

Theodore Sturgis, treasurer ; James H. Phinney, secretary ; Joseph H. Scranton, Gejneral Superintendent ; J. C. 1852 

Pratt, E. E. agent. 1855 



9. PENNSYLVANIA— VALLEY OF THE WEST BEANCH SUSQUEHANNA. 



113. Union. Union Co., west side of west branch of Susquehanna, four miles below Lewisburg. Beaver, Geddes, Marsh & Co., Lewisburg. 1854 

114. Margaretta. Lycomino Co., N. side W. B. Susq., at S. and E. E. E. crossing, below Williamsport. Bingham, McKinney & Co. Kremer, man'r. 1855 

115. Mill Hall. Clinton Co., MiU Hall Iron Company. Wharton Morris & Co. 1830 



10. MAEYLAND— WATERS OF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 



116. Rough & Ready, 1. Harford Co., Havre-de-Grace, on the Susqueh.anna Eiver, where the Philadelphia and Baltimore Eailroad crosses it. JosepU & 



117. Rough & Eeady, 2 
lis. South Baltimore. 

119. Ashland, No. 1. 

120. Ashland, No. 2. 

121. Oregon. 



George P. Whltaker, of Philadelphia, owners. 
Baltimore Co., Baltimore Harbor, south side. Daniel M. Eeese, owner and manager. 
Baltimore Co., on the Northern Central Eailroad, fifteen miles from Baltimore, forty-three from York. Ashland Iron Company of 

Baltimore County. Eichard Green, agent, Cockeysville. 
Baltimore Co., three miles due west from Ashland Furnaces. Ashland Iron Company. Robert Green, agent. 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO FURNACES. 



29. Allentown, 4. 
119. Ashland, 2. 

1. Berkshire, 2. 
102. Bloom. 

19. Boonton. 
5. Bull's Falls. 

79. Cameron.* 

72. Chickiswalung 

95. Chulasky. 

10. Clinton. 
100. CoUunbia. 

66. Conestoga. f 



20. Cooper, 3. 
69. Cordelia. 
88. Cornwall, 2. 
74. Donegal. 
84. Dudley. 
91. Duncannon. 
23. Durham, 2. 
73. Eagle. 
9. Fort Edward. 
96. Franklin. 
26. Gleudon, 3. 
17. Greenwood. 



SO. Harrisburg. 

71. Henry Clay. 
103. Henry Clay. 

49. Henry Clay, 2.+ 

93. Hope. 

52. Hopewell. 

11. Hudson, 2. 
107. Hunlach's Creek. 
103. Irondale, 2. 

61. Keystone. 
109. Lackawana, 4.§ 

44. Leesport. 



98. Lehigh Crane, 5. 
40. Lehigh Valley. 
92. Lewistown. 
57. Lucinda. 
18. Manhattan. 

114. Margaretta. 
75. Marietta, 2. 
42. Mauch Chunk. 
61. Morion. 

77. Middletown, 2. 

115. Mill Hall. 
oG. Blontgomerv. 



97. Montour, 3.|| 
4.5. Moselem. 

15. Napanock. 
S3. New Market. 
85. N. Lebanon, 3.^1 

121. Oregon. 

16. Peekskill. 
53. Phoenix,- 3. 
43. Pioneer. 
60. Plymouth. 
41. Poco. 

13. Po'keepsie, 2. 



6. Port Henry, 2. 

45. Eeading. 

46. Eeading, 2. 
101. Roaring Creek. 
116. Eough&Ready, 2. 

63. Safe Harbor. 
94. Shamokin. 
4. Sharon Station. 
67. Shaw-nee, 2. 

8. Siscoe. 
118. South Baltimore. 
62. Spring Mill. 



90. Stanhope. 

70. St. Charles. 
3. Stockbridge. 

25. South Easton. 

68. Swede, 2. 

3S. Thomas Iron Co., 2. 
113. Union. 

82. Union Deposit. 

63. William Penn, 2. 
106. Williamsburg. 
108. Wyoming. 



* Cameron (79) is a new anthracite furnace constructed out of an old furnace, the machinery being removed aud the stack torn down. 

t Conestoga (66) was called Lancaster, when cold blast. + Honry Clay (40) was formerly called Light Street Furnace. 

§ Lackawana, No. 1, i.-j an old stack in rnins, a few yards oil' from the new stacks. i| Montour, No. 1, was pulled duwu in 1836. 

If North Lebanon (83) has a foundation and engine house in lino with Nos. 1 and 2. No. 3 is an experimental stack, a hundred yards distant, ready to blow 
early in 1857. 



63 



TABLE A— Continued. 







SIZE. 






BLAST. 




KIND 








PKODtJCTION. 








NAME. 


p 2 


Height 
of stack. 
Tunnel 
head. 
Gas- 
flue. ■> 




o . 
tfi a 


Heat. 

Pres- 
sure. 

Cubic ft. 
permin..^ 


of 
power 


of 
. ore. 


of 
iron. 


0'3 


i 




1 


T-H 


CO 

1 


CD <D 


NAME. 


7. PENNSYLVANIA— VALLEY OF THE SUSQUEHANNA AND JUNIATA. 


Safe Harbor 


14 


45 6)4 3Ji 


6 


3}i 


4.30^ 4 7,800 


S. 


H. 


ir. III. 


6,.500 


2,879 


3,276 


38 


4,136 


39 


4,3833^40 


Safe Harbor 


Conestoga 


11 


38 6 .. 


3 


2X 


600 4K .. 


S. 


H. 


1. II. III. 


4,000 


.. 


3,524 


45 


1,811 


26 


3,640 52 


Conestoga 


Shawnee, No. 1 
Shawnee, No. 2 


10 
14 


33 3 6 

47 6 7 


3 

4 


3 

3>i 


600 3 2,000 
600 4 3,.500 


S. 
S. 


H. 
H. 


III. 
I. II. III. 


3,.500 
5,500 


•• 


1,.513 
3,489 


30 
30 


394 
4,356 


9 
43 


3,304 52 
2,646 33 


Shawnee, 1 
Shawnee, 2 


Cordelia 


10>i 35 5},i 5 


3 


3X 


600 4 2,110 


S. 


H. M. 


I. II. III. 


3,200 


230 


3,0.30 


49 


2,350 


38 


2,458 38 


Cordelia 


St. Charles 


14 


45 . . . . 


3 


3K 


600 4 3,800 


S. 


H. 


I. II. in. 


5,500 




1,956 


? 


4,530 


? 


3,050 30 


St. Charles 


Henry Clay 


10 


32 .. .. 


3 


3K 


600 3}i . . 


S. 


H. 




3,.500 


2,159 


3,300 


? 


600? 


? 


1.57 4 


Henry Clay 


Chicklswalungo 


lOX 32 . . . . 


3 


3K 


600 4 4,900 


S. 


H. 


I. II. III. 


3,500 


1,500 


3,209 


52 


2,578 


43 


2,932 46 


Chickis. 


Eagle 


12 


35 . . . . 


3 


3K 


600 4 3,400 


S. 


H. 


I. II. III. 


4, .300 




000 


00 


3,273>i47 


3,6463^43 


Eagle 


Donegal 


12 


35 4K .. 


3 


3 


600 3X 3,520 


S. 


H. M. 


I. II. III. 


4,800 


.3,472 


4,144 


45 


4,747 


52 


3,589 43 


Donegal 


Marietta, No. 1 
Marietta, No. 2 


11 

10 


36 6 .. 
30 4K .. 


3 
3 


3?i 
3?i 


600 4 4,500 
600 4 3,500 


S. 
S. 


H. 
H. 


I. II. III. 
I. II. III. 


4,300 
4,000 


3,763 


2,.S93 33 
3,4S3K44 


4,2953^52 
648 8 


3,640 45 
3,325 46 


Marietta, 1 
Marietta, 2 


Middletown, No 
Middletown, No 


1 12}^ 33 5)^ 7 

2 121^ 36 5>i 6 


3 
3 


3% 
3X 


600 3% 4,160 
600 3>^ 4,160 


S. 
S. 


M. 

M. 


I. II. in. 


3,300 
3, .500 


•• 


2,521 
2,356 


40 
35 


1,797 
1,641 


32 

20 


3,4203^52 
2,261 34 


Middle., 1 
Middle., 2 . 


Cameron 


14 


35 . . . . 


3 


5 


600 . . 


S. 


M. H. 




5,000 


.. 


,3,296 


? 


1,600 ? 


? 


000 00 


Cameron 


Harrlsburg 


11 


40 6 .. 


3 


4 


600 3 5,400 


S. 


M. H. 


.. 


4,000 




2,440 


33 


3,805 


52 


3,000 ? 52? 


Harrisburg 


Keystone, No. 1 


16 


43 6 .. 


6 


3 


600 4K 5,.S00 


S. 


M. H. 


.. 


6,.500 








1,371 


15 


4,504 37 


Keystone, 1 


Union Deposit 


11 


39 5K 6 


3 


3}i 


600 3li . . 


S, 


M. 


II. III. 


3,000 




140 


2 


2,685 


48 


2,607 39 


U. Deposit 


New Market 


9 
13>j 


30 . . . . 
36 6 .. 






.. 2,420 


S.W. 
S. 


M. 
M. 


III. 
I. II. III. 


2,000 
4,500 








270 
2,035 


13 
39 


728 18 
3,628 39 


New Market 


Dudley 


3 


3>i 


500 33^ .. 


Dudley 


N. Lebanon, No 
N. Lebanon, No. 
N. Lebanon, No 


1 14 

2 12 

3 10 
12 
14 


35 6 5 
35 6 5 
40 10 .. 
38 6i^ .. 
38 9 .. 


3 
3 
3 
3 
3 


4 
4 


420 3)i 8,140 
420 3}i 6,930 


S. 
S. 
S. 
S. 

s. 


M. 
M. 
M. 
M. 
M. 


I. II. III. 
I. II. III. 


4,700 
4,500 
2,500 
5,000 
5,000 


' 3,188 
3,659 


4,149 
3,688 

4,514 


52 
52 

49 


1,.536 
301 

4,531 


19 
4 

52 


4,602 52 
2,555 34 
000 00 
5,000 ? 52? 
3,800 ? 39? 


N. Leba., 1 
N. Leba., 2 
N. Leba 3 


Cornwall, No. 1 
Cornwall, No. 2 


3K 

3X 


500 4>^ .. 
500 4K .. 


Cornwall, 1 
Cornwall, 2 


Stanhope 


"10 


33 4>^ 6 


3 


3Ji 


600 3K 2,690 


s. 


M. 


I. II. III. 


3,000 


788 


566 


11 


1,841 


45 


1,874 30 


Stanhope 


Duncannon 


14 


40 . . . . 


3 


3K 


450 5 5,770 


s. 


M. H. F 




5,000 


.. 


1,871 


26 


1,950 


40 


000 00 


Duncannon 


Lewistown 


11 


37 5 6 


3 


3X 


600 3Ji 3,270 


s. 


H. F. 


II. III. 


4,000 


.. 


3,486 


44 


400 


6 


1,320 16 


Lewistown 


Hope 


12 


39 9 .. 


3 


4 


400 5 6,040 


s. 


H. F. 


III. 


4,000 












900 16 


Hope 


8. PENNSYLVANIA— VALLEY OF THE NOETH BEANCH SUSQUEHANNA. 


121,500 


21,658 


62,364>i 


59,382 




76,970K ■ 




Shamokin 


12 


45 4>^ .. 


3 


3>i 


600^ 4K 6,800 


s.- 


H. M. F. 


I. 11. III. 


4,000 




779 


18 


996 


17 


2,465 32 


Shamokin 


Chulasky 


15 


42 7 .. 


3 


3K 


600 iX 5,000 


s. 


F. 


HI. 


4,300 


3,500 


3,612 


62 


2,560 


35 


4,358 49 


Chulasky 


Franklin 


9 


32 .. .. 


3 


3H. 


500 . . 


s. 


F. 




2,000 


200 


1,660 


? 


1,248 


7 


000 00 


Franklin 


Montour, No. 2 
Montour, No. 3 
Montour, No. 4 


17 
17 
14 


35 10 5 
35 10 5 
35 '13 4 


6 
6 

4 


3% 
3% 
3% 


600 i)i 6,880 
600 43^ 7,340 
600 4>^ 7,340 


s. 
s. 
s. 


M. F. 
M. F. 
M. F. 


in. 
ni. 
HI. 


8,500 
8,000 
5,500 


1,953 
6,449 


19,261 


? 
? 
? 


7,656 
5,660 
5,478 


48 


7,607 46 
6,1843^45 
4,432 42 


Montour, 2 
Montour, 3 
Montour, 4 


Columbia 


12 


36 10 .. 


3 


3 


550 4 3,800 


s. 


M. F. 


I. II. 


3,500 


1,600 


2,595 


48 


2,061 


39 


2,904 40 


Columbia 


Soaring Creek 


9 


30 5K ■• 


3 


3)4. 


650 3 4,000 


w. 


F. 


I. II. III. 


2,500 


., 


2,730 


? 


2,650 


? 


2,350 52 


Eoar. Creek 


Bloom 


14 


50 S'i .. 


3 


4 


500 7 5,000 


s. 


F. 


I. 11. HI. 


6,000 


.. 


2,643 


30 


5,9083^52 


6,669 62 


Bloom 


Irondale, No. 1 
Irondale, No. 2 


" 12 

14 


35 . . . . 
35 . . . . 


3 

4 


3i^ 

3K 


600 3X ■ ■ 
600 3>^ .. 


w. 
w. 


F. 
F. 


I. II. III. 
I. II. III. 


5,000 
6,000 


8,132 


3,832 ? 
3,066K ? 


3,2,59 ? 
4,7513^ ? 


4,693 52 
2,884 33 


Irondale, 1 
Irondale, 2 


Henry Clay 


9 


32 . . . . 


3 


3 


600 2}i 4,520 


s. 


F. 


III. 


2,500 


550 


1,682 


40 


1,525 


38 


157 4 


Henry Clay 


Williamsburg 


S 


2S . . . . 


3 


3 


4,j0 2 


s. 


F. 




2,000 


800 


1,200 


? 


1,200 


J 


000 00 


Williamsb. 


HuQlach's Creek 


11 


40 6 7 


3 


3 


400 3 3,770 


s. 


F. 


1. II. 


3,000 




.. 




300 


? 


1,900 33 


Hunlach's C. 


Wyoming 


9 


32 .. .. 


3 


i% 


600 4K .. 


s. 


F. 




2,000 


.. 


840 




966 


? 


000 00 


Wyoming 


Lackawana, No. 
Lackawaua, No. 
Lackawana, No. 
La.ckawaua, No. 


2 15 

3 17 

4 18 

5 20 


48 . . . . 
48 . . . . 
48 . . . . 
48 . . . . 


6 
6 
6 


4 

4 
4 


600 4 
600 4 
600 4 


s. 
s. 
s. 
s. 


F. 
F. 
F. 
F. 


II. III. 
II. III. 
II. III. 


7,000 
3,500 
5,000 
6,000 


300 
300 


1,405 
3,680 
4,021 


22 
43 

48 


2,132 
3,278 
3,468 


30 
62 
33 


3,337 26 
2,935 52 
4,536 49 


Lackawa., 2 
Lackawa., 3 
Lackawa., 4 
Lackawa., 5 












9. PENNSYLVANIA— VALLEY OF THE WEST BEANCH SUSQUEHANNA. 


84,500 


21,784 


53,0263 


a 


55,097 




56,4113^ 




Union 


15 


45 . . . . 


3 


4 


550= 4 


s. 


M. F. 


I. II. 


4,500 








3,SS5 


44 


3,5903^45 


Union 


Margaretta 


13 


38 'i 4 . . 


4 


3 




s. 


H. F. 


III. 


2,500 








840 


? 


750 20 


JIargaretta 


Mill Hall 


10 


32 . . . . 


3 


3 


.. 3 


w. 


H. F. 


.. 


3,000 


1,360 










000 00 


Mill Hall 


10. MARYLAND- 


WATERS OF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 








10,000 


1,360 






4,725 




4,3403^ 




E. andK., No. 1 
E. and E., No. 2 


9 
9 


30 3',i 3 
30 3}i 3 


3 
3 


3« 
3H 


300=? 3}^ 5,0.30 
300 ? 3K 5,030 


s. 
s. 


H. 
H. 


II. in. 


3,000 
3,000 


•■ 










1,265 21 
000 00 


E. and E., 1 
E. and R., 2 


S. Baltimore 


10 


33 ..10 


3 


3 




s. 


H. 












1,130 


17 


2,600 38 


S. Baltimore 


Ashland, No. 1 
Ashland, No. 2 


11 
11 


32 1^ 7 
32 bii 7 


3 
3 


3 
3 


300 ? 2ii 3,530 
300 ? 2K 3,5.30 


S.W. 

S.W. 


H. M. c 
H. M. c 


I. II. in. 
I. n. III. 


4,500 
4,500 


•• 


2,573, 
4,188 


i34 
52 


809 
2,242 


10 
26 


000 00 
4,215 52 


Ashland, 1 
Ashland, 2 


Oregon 


11 


36 9 6 


3 


3 


300 ? 2}i 3,9,30 


s. 


H. 


I. n. III. 


4,500 




3,703 


38 


4,4191^.52 


2,640 1,^33 


Oregon 




TOTAL PEODUCTION OF ANTHRACITE IRON IN U. 
Of which the total production of Pennsylvania was 
Leaving outside of Pennsylvania a production of . 


S. . 




19,500 




10,4643 


i 


8,6003 
343,105 




10,7203^ 






580,300 


107,256 


307,710 


393,509 






107,256 


208,703, 


255,325 = 
87,779, 


306,966 
86,513 






99,006, 





Per cent, of the whole produced in Pennsylvania 

The other tables and puhlications of the American 1 
the same. The annual contribution fee, payable in advance, is 
than one, $20; one Mineral Coal Furncice, $20; more than one. 
all other description of works, each, $5; no one individual, firm, 
business, when ELECTED members, $20. 



67.8 74.4 78.3 

'on Association can be had by becoming a m.ember of 
as folloios: For one Charcoal Furnace, $10; more 
$40; one Rolling Mill, $20; more than one, $40; 
or corrfpany, more than $40; persons not in the iron 



64 



Feet. 

Bosh of the largest furnace, Crane, Nos. 4 & 5, and 

Thomas 18 

Bosh of the smallest furnace, Mauch Chunk . . 9 

Bosh, avei'age of all . . • . . . 14.1 

Number of new furnaces in the last three years . 5 

The sixth district, comprising that part of Pennsylvania in 
the Valley of the Schuylkill, contains 22 furnaces; pro- 
duced in — 



1849, from 10 furnaces in blast 

1854, " 19 « 

1855, " 19 " 

1856, " 18 " 

" average of all the furnaces 



largest product, Reading 



in blast 



Bosh of the largest furnace, Reading . 
" smallest furnace, Moselem 

Bosh, average of all . 
Number of new furnaces in the last 3 years 



Tons. 

22,355 

56,772 

56,022 

60,882 

2,767 

3,379 

5,972 

Feet. 

. 18 
. 9 

. 12.8 
. 3 



The seventh district, comprising that part of Pennsylvania 
in the valleys of the Susquehanna and Juniata, contains 
29 furnaces. 



Produced in 1849, from 9 furnaces in blast 
" 1854, " 22 " 

" 1855, " 26 " 

" 1856, " 28 " 

1856, average of all the furnaces 
" " " in blast . 

" largest product, Cornwall, No. 1 

Bosh of the largest furnace. Keystone, No. 1 . 

" smallest furnace. New Market 

Bosh, average of all . 
Number of new furnaces in the last three years 



Tons. 

21,658 

62,364 

59,382 

76,970 

2,654 

2,960 

5,000 

Feet. 

. 16 
. 9 
. 12 

. 7 



The eighth district, comprising that part of Pennsylvania in 
the valley of the North Branch of the Susquehanna, con- 
tains 19 furnaces. 



Produced in 1849, from 10 furnaces in blast 
" 1854, " 15 " 

" 1855, " 18 " 

« 1856, " 15 " 

1856, average of all the furnaces . 



Tons. 

23,784 
53,026 
55,095 
56,411 
2,969 



1856, average of all the furnaces in blast 
" largest product, Montour, No. 2 



Tons. 

3,761 

7,607 

Feet. 
20 



Bosh of the largest furnace, Lackawana, No. 5 

" smallest furnace, Williamsburg . . 8 

Bosh, average of all . , . . . .13.3 
Number of new furnaces in the last 3 years . . 2 
The completion of the North Branch Canal opens cheaper 
access to the great market of Western New York from this 
district than from any other; the number of new furnaces, and 
the consequent product, will probably increase more rapidly 
than they have heretofore done. 

The ninth district, comprising that part of Pennsylvania in 
the West Branch of the Susquehanna, contains 3 furnaces. 

Tons. 

1,360 

0,000 
4,725 
4,340 

1,447 



Produced in 1849, from 1 furnace in blast 
" 1854, "0 , " " 

" 1855, " 2 furnaces " 

" 1856, " 2 " " 

1856, average of all the furnaces 



in blast 



largest product, Union 



2,170 
3,590 

Feet. 

15 
. 10 
12.7 

2 



Bosh of the largest furnace 
" smallest furnace 

Bosh, average of all . 
Number of new furnaces in the last 3 years . 

The cost of coal will probably prevent this from ever becom- 
ing an important district in the production of anthracite iron, 
but the abundant deposits of bituminous coal lying on the line 
of the Sunbury and Erie Railroad, will on the completion of 
the eastern portion of that road, render it an important district 
for the production of Coke iron. 

The tenth district, comprising the State of Maryland, 
contains 6 furnaces. 



Produced in 1854, from 3 furnaces in blast 
" 1855, "3 " 

" 1856, " 3 " 

1856, average of all the furnaces . 
" " " in blast . 

" largest product, Ashland, No. 2 

Bosh of the largest furnace, Ashland . 

" smallest furnace, Rough and Ready 

Bosh, average of all . 
Number of new furnaces in the last 3 years . 



Tons. 

10,404 
8,600 

10,720 
1,786 
2,680 
4,215 

Feet. 
. 11 

. 9 
. 10.2 
. 1 



RECAPITULATION. 



Name of district . . . ■< 

Number of furnaces 

No. new furnaces built in 3 years 

Product in 1849 .... 

18.54 .... 

" 1853 .... 

" 1856 .... 

Average of all 

Average of those in blast 

Largest product of any one furnace 

Largest size of bosh 
Smallest size of bosh . 
Average size of all . . . 



1 

Housa- 

tonic. 

5 

2 


2 

Northern 

New York. 

5 

3 


3 

Hudson. 

8 



4 

New 

Jersey. 

4 




3 3,194 
2 6,412 
1 3,442 


1 3',553 

2 9,062 
5 18,430 


8 28,032 
8 35,350 
7 28,827 


4 21,762 
4 28,354 
4 26,116 


688 
3,442 


3,686 
3,686 


3,603 
4,118 
5,480 


6,529 
6,529 
7,430 


16 
10 
12.55 


18.5 

13 

15 


IS 

9 

14.3 


22 
14 
1S.5 



5 




6 


Delaware 

and Lehigh. 

20 

5 


Schuylkill. 

22 
3 


9 38,099 
16 66,540 
IS 80,100 
18 108,361 


10 
19 
19 

18 


22,355 

56,772 
56,022 
60,882 


5,418 
6,020 
9,300 




2,767 
3,379 
5,972 


IS 
9 
14.1 




18 
9 
12.8 



Susquehanna 

and Juniata. 

29 

7 

9 21,653 

22 62,364 

26 59,3S2 

28 76,970 

2,654 
2,960 
5,000 ■ 

16 

9 

12 





8 


N. 


Branch 


Susquehanna. | 




19 




2 


10 


23,784 


15 


53,026 


18 


5.3,097 


15 


66,411 




2,969 




3,761 




7,607 




20 




8 




13.3 



9 

W. Branch 

Susquehanna. 

3 

2 


1 

2 
2 


1,360 
0,000 
4,725 
4,340 




1,447 
2,170 
3,590 




15 
10 
12.7 



10 

Chesa- 

pealve Bay. 

6 

1 



3 10,404 



8,600 
10,720 

1,786 
2,680 
4,213 



l^S^ The members of the Associatiou will receive another sheet nest week. 



65 



Total number of Anthracite Furnaces in the United States. 



1. Massachusetts and Connecticut : Valley of Housatonic 

2. New York, Northern 5 ) 



do. Valley of Hudson, 8 j 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania : Valley of Delaware and Lehigh, 



do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 



10. Maryland 



. 20"] 

do" Schuylkill . . . .22 

do. Susquehanna and Juniata 29 > 

do. North Branch Susquehanna 19 

do. West Branch Susquehanna 3j 



Total numher of furnaces 

Of these were built for charcoal and changed to anthracite 



Total 
No. 



5 

13 
4 



Changed 

from 
charcoal 

to an- 
thracite. 



14 



Statement showing the number of Anthracite Furnaces in each 
District of the United States, and the number of new ones 
built in each during the last three years. 



1. Valley of the Housatonic . 

2. Northern New York .... 

3. Valley of the Hudson 

New Jersey 

Penn'a: Valley of Delaware and Lehigh 



do. do. Schuylkill 

do. do. Susquehanna & Juniata 

do. do. N. Branch Susquehanna 

do. do. W. Branch Susquehanna 



10. Maryland 



Total No. 1849 
" " 1854 



" 1856 
built in the last 3 years 



1849. 


1854. 


1856. 


No. fur- 


No. fur- 


No. fur- 


naces. 


naces. 


naces. 


2 


3 


5 


2 


3 


5 


2 


8 


8 


1 


4 


4 


15 


15 


20 


11 


19 


22 


16 


22 


29 


15 


17 


19 





1 


3 


5 


5 


6 


69 


97 


121 



Increase 

in 3 yrs. 

No. 



The several Districts, arranged according to their product in 1856, 

Pennsylvania : Valley of the Delaware and Lehigh 

do. do. Susquehanna and Juniata . 

do. do. Schuylkill 

do. do. North Branch Susquehanna 

New York : Valley of the Hudson 
New Jersey . . . . . ' . 

New York, Northern ..... 

Maryland ...... 

Pennsylvania: Valley of the West Branch Susquehanna 
Massachusetts and Connecticut : Valley of the Housatonic 

Total product of the United States, 1856 

Value at present market rates 



are 


as follows: — 




Tons. 


Per cent 


. 108,367 


27.6 




76,970| 


19.5 




60,882J 


15.4 




56,411J 


14.3 




28,827 


7.2 




, 26,1161 


6.7 




18,430 


4.7 




10,720J 


2.6 




4,340} 


1.1 




3,442| 


.9 



393,509 



100.0 



$10,000,000 
Compariso7i of Product in 1855 with 1854; and 1856 with 1855. 





PRODUCT OF 


PRODUCT OF 1855 COMPARED 

WITH 1854. 


PRODUCT 
OF 1S56. 

Tons. 


PRODUCT OF 1856 COMPARED 

WITH 18.55. 


DISTRICT. 


1854. 
Tons. 


18.55. 
Tons. 


INCREASE. 1 DECREASE. 


INCREASE. 


DECREASE. 




Tons. 


Pr. ct.! Tons. ]Pr. ct. 


Tons. 


Pr.ct. 


Tons. 


Pr. ct. 


1. Massachusetts and Connecticut: Housatonic Valley 

2. New York, Northern 

3. do. Valley of the Hudson .... 

4. New Jersey 

(>. Pennsylvania: Valley of Delaware and Lehigh 

6. do. do. Schuylkill 

7. do. do. Susquehanna and Juniata 

5. do. do. N. Branch Susquehanna 
9, do. do. W. Branch Susquehanna 

10. Maryland 


5,194»i 

3,553 
28,032% 
21,762 
66,540 
56,77254 
62,36414 
53,0263^ 

10',464>^ 


6,412 V 

9,062 
35,35034 
28,354 
80,100 
56,021% 
59,382 
55,097 

4,725 

8,6003^ 


1,218 
6,509 
7,318 
6,592 
13,560 

21671 
4,725 


23.4 
155.5 
26.1 
30.3 
20.4 

3.9 


751 
2,983 

l,s'o'4 


i.'3 

4.8 

17.'8 


3,442% 
18,430 
28,827 
26,116% 
108,367 
60,88254 
76,97034 
66,4111^ 
4,34054 
10,7201^ 


9,368 

28,267 

4,860 
17,589 

1,314 

2,120}^ 


103.4 

3.5.3 

8.7 
29.6 
2.4 

24.6 


2,969 

6,523 
2,237 

385 


46.3 

.. 
18.5 

79 

¥.2 




307,710 


343,105 


40,993 
5,.59S 


11.1 


5,598 


.. 


393,509 


64,648 
12,114 


14.6 


12,114 




Net increase . 


35,395 


52,534 


■• 



24 



NOTES. 



1. BERKSHIRE No. 1. — 1854, used 4 wooden cylinders; replaced, Dec. 1854, by 
2 iron blast tubs, 5 by 5; 8 revolutions per minute, that is 16 strokes, or cylinders 
of wind displaced; oven separate from stack. No. 2. — Two tubs, 5X6; 12 revo- 
lutions; tight. Ore used: some from Richmond bed; some from Sliaker bed, from 
Shaker Depot on Western Railroad; most from West Pittsiield bed. These mines 
are all from five to seven miles north of the furnace. 

The iron district of Western New England embraces all Berkshire Co., Mass., the 
northwest of Litchfield Co., Conn., and the east of Columbia and Dutchess Cos., 
N. Y. The ore is all hematite (Limonite), deposited in clay or gravel washes, and 
these occur in lines parallel witli tlie mountains, or north-northeast and south- 
soutliwest. From some of tliese beds over 100,000 tons of washed ore have been 
taken out, without any show of their exhaustion. The rock ore is not washed; 



and roasting is confined now to a few cold blast charcoal furnaces. Subterranean 
raining has been abandoned, and stripping or quarrying alone resorted to. Deep 
dug roads or inclined planes are used. Tlie various ores differ greatly in look and 
richness. For the last six months, 2.12 tons of Richmond, Shaker, and W. Pitts- 
field ores inixed made one ton of iron. With hot blast, they tend to make a soft 
foundry iron; with cold and charcoal, a very superior forge iron, well known as 
•'Salisbury." For flux — compact blue limestone; also, white marble. "The high 
price of fuel has alone prevented the rapid increase of iron making in this country. 
It costs the charcoal furnaces about $10 50 per ton of iron, and the increased de- 
mand for wood on railroads will annually augment this expense. The average 
amount of coal used by us per ton of iron made is 1.55 tons; and efflux 0.83 ton.'"' 
(From Correspondence of Silas W. Burt, Esq., Jan. 26, 1857.) 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 
United States in and for the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylvania. 



66 



3. STOCKBRIDGE, No. 2. — (No. 1 is a charcoal furnace.) Size at the tuyeres, 4; 
hearth, 5; slope of boshes, 70°; blast of both furnaces in common; out of blast since 
Nov. 1833. It used to average 7 tons per day for 40 weeks in the year. 

4. SHARON STATION Furnace is one foot larger in the cylinder than at the top 
of the boshes ; has made nothing for two years, but will blow in in the spring of 18,57. 
It uses the Megat ore, with some from the Amenia bank, three miles to the north, 
and some from the Salisbury banks, to the northeast. The Megat banks are within 
stone's throw of the furnace: an open quarry of loam, sand, blue clay, and hema- 
tite ore balls, shells, pipes, and mammillary masses, thrown down irregularly on 
one another, in perpetually variable quantities and qualities, replacing each other 
in level layers, horsebacks, lens-shaped masses, with every appearance of tumult- 
ous local deposition. No bottom has been got at 23 feet; but rock walls the quarry 
on one side. The surface, before breaking ground, was as Irregular as the ore 
masses. In Amenia, the ore is said to lie along a vertical fissure 30 feet w^ide, more 
or less, for half a mile, north and south, then bending suddenly and running 
straight again for a mile, in the direction of several ore beds several miles distant 
to the southwest. Ore has been taken out in this pit 100 feet beneath the surface, 
and no bottom. 

5. BULL'S FALLS Furnace. — The small figures in the table show the former 
size, and the large ones its present size since its rebuilding in 1844. It is to be re- 
modeled in 1857, and made S}^ in the boshes, 34 high, M'ith a 3 foot tunnel head, 
because its power is inadequate to its present size. Its capacity now is 8 tons per 
day, and it formerly averaged 33^, for from 4 to 6 months of the year. It used 
anthracite entirely. Its actual yield in 1834 and 1833 is not known, because it was 
in other hands. It has 2 blast tubs, 6 by 5 feet stroke, and 10 strokes back and 
forth per minute. Its ores are hematite, from Quaker Hill, 4 miles west in Dutch- 
ess, N. Y., and from Kent, 3}i miles east, mixed. The Kent ore contains 45 per 
cent, iron, the other less. Amenia ore yields 1 ton of iron to 2>^ of ore. 

6. PORT HENRY, No. 1.— A stone stack, built 1847, but little used until 1854, 
has 3 tubs, S by 5, playing tight, with 10 revolutions per minute. No. 2, built of 
boiler iron on cast-iron columns in 1854, not blown in until 1835, has one tub, 7 by 
6 feet stroke, and 14 revolutions. The hot-air pipes are 4 by S inches, and the cold 
18 inches diameter. The magnetic ore comes from the Cheever Bank, 1 '^ miles 
north of the furnaces, ,'4 mile back from the lake shore. "There are also large 
deposits of ore known as the Sanford bed, 3 miles west of the furnaces." The coal 
consumed is 15 to 18,000 tons of Lackawana anthracite. 

S. SISCOE Furnace, built 1843, went into blast spring of 1816, on charcoal; fall 
of 1853 on anthracite; 12 feet bosh, 42 high; rebuilt fall of 1836. Hearth bottom 4, 
top 5 feet. Has 2 tubs, 50 in. by 5 ft. stroke, 12 revolutions; oven pipes 3 by 7 in.; 
cold air pipes 12 in. diameter. Ore magnetic. Iron chiefly No. 3, white. Yield in 
1834 not obtained. 

9. FORT EDWARD uses the Hudson River for water power. Has 2 metallic 
blast tubs, 5 by G feet stroke, making 44 cylinders of wind per minute. Her new 
machinery, 1856, blows 5 lb. pressure; the old, in 1833, blew 2J^. Hot and cold 
air pipes both 18 in. diameter. Ore chiefly Lake Champlain, Sandford bed; some 
from the new bed at Fort Anne, and a very little fossil ore from Utica. 

10. CLINTON Furnace, 9 miles southwest of Utlca, gets its ore from the northern 
outcrop of that wonderful deposit of small shells and oxide of iron which under- 
lies the whole Catskill and Allegliany Mountains, and comes up at Danville and 
Bloomsburg, on the North Branch of the Susquehanna, in Pennsylvania; the same 
that is mined at the Cumberland Gap and elsewhere for Claiboui'ue and other fur- 
naces in Tennessee. 

11. HUDSON, Nos. 1, 2. — Both stacks are blown by one very large beam engine, 
weighing 100,000 lbs., made at Cold Spring, opposite West Point, with the bed 
plate 34 ft. long, and upper rigging braced together through the steam cylinder at 
one end and the blast tub at the other, the diameter of which last is 8)^, and the 
stroke 9 feet, making on an average 9)4 to 10 down strokes per minute. The beam 
weighs 28,000 lbs., and has Watt's parallel motion at both ends. A large, vertical, 
round air reservoir stands outside between the stacks. The hot and cold air pipes 
are all 16 inches diameter. Use 60 per cent, of Berkshire hematite ore from West 
Stockbridge mines, 1}^ miles east of the village, and 40 per cent, of magnetic ore, 
via Fort Montgomery, from the old forest of Dean ore beds, 5 miles below West 
Point, and from a bank 5 miles west of the fort. Iron made is one-half gray No. 2 
one-half extra No. 1, very little No. 3. 

13. PO'KEEPSIE, No. 1.— Has 2 tubs 5 by 6, 7)^ revolutions, Air pipes, cold and 
hot, 18 in. diameter. Ore, % Port Henry M. from Cheever ore bed; % FishkiU H. 
from Hopewell bed, 18 miles E. S. E. Iron made, % No. 1, }i No. 2, in 1856. 

14. PO'KEEPSIE, No. 2.— Has 2 tubs 5 by 6, 9 revolutions. Hot pipes, 2 of 15 
in.; cold, 12 in. diameter. Ore, 3^ Port Henry M., }^ Hopewell hematite, and }^ 
Utica fossiliferous. 

15. NAPANOCK Furnace. — Has 2 iron cylinders, one 44 in. by 9 ft. stroke, the 
other 32 in. by 7 ft.; 8 revolutions. Part of the time the piston was loose. Hot 
bed pipes 12 in.; syphon pipes 3X6 in.; cold pipes 8 in. diameter. Ore from the 
mine 3J mile south of furnace, }i mile from Delaware and Hudson Canal, mixed 
with 25 per cent, of magnetic. The Napanac ore is a peculiar, solid, dark gray, 
homogeneous ore, probably Devonian (No. VIII), containing small geodes of sul- 
phuret of iron, and lenticular fragments of metamorphic clay slate, and occa- 
sional markings as if of fossils, but not organic. Iron made in 1854, 350 tons cold 
blast charcoal, 550 hot blast anthracite. In 1856, white and mottled. 

16. PEEKSKILL Furnace.— Has 2 blast tubs 5>< by 6, and 6 to 7 revolutions. 
Ore magnetic, from mines in the Highlands 5 miles northeast, with hematite from 
west side of the Hudson River, 5 miles below Newburg. The furnace was started 
sometime in 1854, and remained in blast about a year; its average make about 12 
tons per day, principally No. 2, medium. 

17. GREENWOOD, No. 2 —Built 1834; started July 1, 1854. Uses magnetic ore 
from mines in the town of Monroe, Orange Co., N. Y., within 4 miles east and west 
of the furnace. Iron made, "foundry iron." 

18. MANHATTAN Furnace.— Built 1854, 9 by 40, with 3 tuyeres; was altered, 
Sept. 1854, to present size. It blows actually 1800 feet of air per minute, leaking a 
very little. Ore — 10 per cent. Port Henry, M.; 30 per cent. Hopewell, H., via Fish- 
kiU and boats; and 30 per cent. Amenia, H., via Harlaem Railroad. Blew in Sept. 
15, '54; out Aug. 1, '54. Blew out Dec. 5, 1856. 

19. BOONTON Furnace.— Has 2 tubs, 6 by 7,'^; 7 revolutions. Mines of mag- 
netic ore on or near Morris Canal, and 6 to 13 miles west of works. Iron mainly 
Nos. 2 and 3, for the use of the works. Wm. G. Lathrop, agent. 

20. COOPER, Nos. 1, 2, 3.— Use in common 4 blast tubs, 68 in. by 6 ft. stroke; 14 
revolutions; tight. Hot pipes, area of section 35 square inches; cold pipes, 22 in. 
diameter. Ores magnetic and hematite from various mines in New Jersey and 
Pennsylvania. Iron made, "forge and foundry." 



23. DURHAM, Nos. 1, 2.— Two blast tubs, 6 by 5 ft.; "12 revolutions per minute 
each tub;" tight. Hot pipes, 5 by 8 in.; cold pipes, 12 in. Ores, % M., ^i,' H. Iron 
3-5 forge, 2-5 foundry. "The entrance to the magnetic ore mine is within 300 yds. 
of the stacks; average size of vein 6 feet; runs N. E., S. W., crops N. W., dips 
S. E., traceable 1^ miles; drifted into at three points, for 800, 200, and 1300 feet. 
The hematite ores found in nests and veins; one of black H. on the opposite or east 
bank of the Delaware; one of brown H. 500 yards northwest of the stacks; one of 
brown H. 3}^ miles a little west of north; one 2 miles west. These hematites can 
be traced all along through Durham Creek Valley to Hellerstown, and the magnetic- 
ores along the range of hills and in the valley above the furnaces for four miles. 
The hematites are quarried beyond Hellerstown and Trexlersville to Reading." 

2.5. SOUTH EASTON Furnace.— (Rebuilt in 1853.) Has 2 tubs, 4 by 6; 14 revo- 
lutions; hot pipes, 12 in.; cold, 24 in. diameter. Mines of hematite about 1 mile 
S. S. E. Ore strikes parallel with the Lehigh, commencing at the Delaware and 
extending up the Lehigh 4 or 5 miles. 

26. GLENDON, No. 1.— (Rebuilt in 1850.) Was originally only 10 feet in the 
boshes, which accounts for her smaller yield in 1849. Hot pipes, 16 in.; cold, 3 ft. 
diameter. Mines lie on both sides of the Lehigt, about a mile from it, and from 
one to four miles from the stacks. 

29. ALLENTOWN.— Nos. 1 and 2; iron Nos. i and 11. Nos. 3 and 4; iron Nos. I, 
II, and in. Mines of hematite west and northwest, within nine miles. 

33. CRANE, No. 1.— Has 1 tub, 5 by 6}^; 20 revolutions; tight. Hot pipes, 16 
in.; cold, 16 in. diameter. Ore II. and M. Iron made — 3787 tons No. 1; 1052.10, 
No. 2, foundry; 275.10, No. 2, forge. 

.35. CRANE, No. 3.— Has 2 tubs, 5 by 6; IS revolutions; tight. Hot pipes, 18 in.; 
cold, 18 in. diameter. Ore, }i M., % H. Iron- 3323 tons of No. 1; 2618, No. 2, 
foundry; 1408.10, No. 2, forge; 142, No. 3. 

36. CRANE, No. 4.— Has 1 tub, 7 by 9; 14 revolutions; tight. Hot pipes, 20 in.; 
cold, 20 in. diameter. Ore, same. Iron made — 6323.10 tons of No. 1; 1945.00, No. 
2, foundry; 393, No. 2, forge; 100.10, No. 3. 

37. CRANE, No. 5.— The same. Iron made— 4241.10 tons of No. 1; 3901.00, No. 
2, foundry; 1144, No. 2, forge; 13, No. 3. 

38. THOMAS, Nos. 1 and 2.— Have together 2 tubs, 7)i by 9; 12 revolutions. 
Iron made, nearly % foundry No. 1. 

40. LEHIGH VALLEY.— Has 1 tub, 6 by 6}^; 14 revolutions; high pressure en- 
gine with 32 inch cylinder, 6J^ stroke; 4 boilers, 45 feet, 48 inch diameter; 4 mud 
drums, 30 inch by 35 feet long. Ore, very superior hematite from old Mr. Balliot's 
quarries, 3J^ miles west of the furnace, also from Brown's banlc Sy miles west, 
and Hitter's and Beisel's, on the Fogelville and Catasauqua Railroad (building to 
connect the Lehigh with the Schuylkill), 6 miles west. 

41. POCO (PoHOPoco) Furnace.— Iron made— about 1000 tons No. 1; 1500, No. 2; 
500, No. 3. A stronger blast machinery is about being given to this furnace. 

42. CARBON Furnace. — The ruins of the old furnace form a picturesque object 
in the gorge of the second mountain below Mauch Chunk, with its outhouses and 
hills of cinder. The machinery has been removed to the new stack, which is built 
at the upper end of the village of Maucli Chunk, in the narrow red shale valley 
between the second mountain on the soutli and the Mauch Chunk or Coal Mouutaia 
on the north. No information could be obtained from the owner or manager, ex- 
cept that the old furnace made about 800 tons in 1854-55. 

43. PIONEER Furnace. — Has 2 tubs, 40 in. by 6 ft. stroke; 16 revolutions; light. 
Hot pipes, 10 in.; cold, 12 in. diameter. Ore — % magnetic, from Cornwall mines, 
south of Lebanon, and >i hematite, from below Reading. Iron made — Nos. 1, 2, 
and 3 foundry, red short. The furnace was new and went into blast about the 
middle of April, 1854. Here, in 1837, was made the first attempt, in the United 
States, to use anthracite for smelting iron. 

44. LEESPORT Furnace.— Has 2 blast tubs, 5 by 7 ft. stroke; 20 to 24 revolu- 
tions; engine horizontal; tubs vertical and reversed on the stock floor (hank furnace 
incline for stock); pipes formerly 12)^ — 13 in. diameter, now 19 inches; putting iu 
6 tuyeres, 4 of 2'4 nozzle and 2 of 2'^; intend using 4 to 4J^ lb. blast. Ore, % H., 
)a' "primitive;" mines 6 miles east. Iron, % foundry, }^ forge. 

45. MOSELEM Furnace. — Has one tub, 5 by 4; IS revotitions; tight. Hot pipes, 
12 in.; cold, 18 in. diameter. Ore, hematite, from the celebrated old South Moselem 
ore beds, which have been in use for 30 years, and supply also the Leesport Fur- 
nace. Iron made, foundry and forge metal. 

46. READING, No. 1. — Has two tubs, 6 by 3.9 stroke; 6 revolutions. Ore, mag- 
netic, from Cornwall mines, 6 miles south of Lebanon, 17 miles west of furnace. 
"Within the last year, used say 200 tons of hematite on two occasions." Iron 
principally Nos. i and 11, a portion No. iir. Of the 2141 tons in the table, 35 are 
castings. 1 April, 1854, to 2 May, 1855, one blast gave the following average: — 

Tons 2 . . 00 . . 3 . . 11 of Cornwall magnetic ore. 

Ton 1 . . 19 . . 3 . . IS of Sneider & Mill's gray ash anthracite coal. 

Ton . . 14 . . 2 . . 21 of lime, obtained close by. 

Made one ton of pig metal. 

47. READING, No. 2.— Has 2 tubs, 6 by 6. Will go into blast in 1857, when the 
Lebanon Valley Railroad is opened. The stack is calculated to make 120 tons per 
week. Will use Cornwall ore. Has boshes inclined 68°; centre of tuyeres 3 feet 
from floor of hearth; hearth 5 feet square. 

48. READING Furnace— Made ^ No. 1 and U No. 2 iron. 

51. KEYSTONE Furnace — Has 2 tubs, 54 in. by 5 ft. stroke; 14 strokes each way. 
Ore — % M. from the Warwick & Jones's mines, about 8 miles south of Birdsboro'; 
}i H. from the neigliborhood of Yellow Springs, 6 miles southwest of Phccnixville. 
Blew in Feb. 2, 1854, in constant blast, until Jan. 1, 1855, and made 3767>^ tons. Of 
the 3885 tons in the table, there were 614 No. 1, 1260>^ No. 2, 2010'^ No. 3. 

52. HOPEWELL Furnace. — Is a new stack, erected on the Schuylkill Canal, 4 
miles north of the old stack, the machinery of which is removed to this. The 
dimensions of the old stack were not obtained, and the yield iu the table will, 
therefore, seem incorrect. 

63. PHCENIX, Nos. 1, 2, 3.— Have four tubs; one 7 by 7, one 4.2 by 5, and two 
each 3^i by 4 feet stroke; each tub about 22 revolutions; tight. Hot pipes of Nos. 
1 and 2 13 in., cold 13 inches; of No. 3, hot pipe 18 in., cold 13 in. diameter. The 
ore banks (H. and M.) are— Centreville, 6 miles southeast; Spring Mills, 15 miles 
southeast; Yellow Springs, 6 miles west; Boyertown, 16 miles north; Reading (Oak- 
ley, Rondenbush), 28 miles northwest; Heffern at Coxtown, 40 miles northwest of 
furnaces. Iron all Nos. 11 and in. 

56. MONTGOMERY Furnace.— Has 2 tubs, 52 in. by 6 ft.; 14 to 15 revolutions; 
tight; hot pipes 16 in., cold 2 feet. Ore (H.) — some from 3 miles southwest, some 
from line of Chester Valley Railroad, near White Horse and Ship Tavern staticins. 



67 



57. LUCINDA Furnace.— Went into blast about Nov. 20, 1S56. It stands in front 
of the rolling mill alongside the canal. Has 2 tubs, 50 in. by 5 feet stroke; 17 
revolutions. Hot air pipe 14 in. Only one gas flue sends down enough gas through 
one pipe, 54 inches in the clear, to make a surplus of steam, which is used in roll- 
ing mill. Ore, 19-20 hematite from 2 miles and 17 miles west of Schuylkill Eiver, 
on Chester Valley Eailroad, and from the banks opposite the furnace within sight; 
1-20 Staten Island magnetic ore. 

58. SWEDE, Nos. 1, 2. — Have one tub, 7 by 7; 15 revolutions; tight; hot pipes 
15 in., cold 15 in. diameter. "Ore (H.) from Swede banks, 1 mile west, on the 
company's lands, in nests or washes, from several hundred to several thousand 
tons in each, enveloped and intermingled with sand, clay, loam, and kaolin." The 
estimate of hands made at this fnrnace was as follows: hands for one stack 20, 2 
carters, 2 teamsters and helper, -|-17-(-13-|-16-f 15 at four ore banks, 6 at quarry; in 
all, 91 men and 13 horses for one stack. No. 1 is still in blast, Jan. 1, 1857. No. 
2 went into blast July 17, '54, and blew out Oct. 1, '55. 

60. PLYMOUTH Furnace. — Has 2 tubs, 5 by 4; 173^ revolutions (steam crank 
35). Ores chiefly hematite; uses a small quantity of magnetic, some of which is 
obtained from a bank near Isabella, a furnace, 10 miles north of Downingtown. 
Blew out July, 1,'54; in, Aug. 13; out, Feb. 9, 56; in, 27th April. 

61. MERTON Furnace.— Has 1 tub, 7 by 7; IS revolutions. Ores (H. and M.) 
cliiefly from mines to the northeast. Iron, Nos. 1 and 2. Blew out Nov. '54; in, 
July, '55. 

62. SPEING MILL Furnace.— Has 3 tubs, 40 in. by 6 ft. stroke; 16 revolutions; 
tight; hot and cold pipes 13 in. diameter. 

63. WILLIAM PENN, No. 1.— Has 2 tubs, 4 by 6; 20 revolutions; hot and cold 
pipes 16 in. diameter. Ore, H. Iron, "principally Nos. i and ii." 

64. WILLIAM PENN, No. 2.— Has 1 tub, 7 by 8; 15 revolutions; tight; hot pipes 
16, cold 14 in. diameter. 

65. SAFE HARBOR.— Has 2 tubs, 6 by 5; 11 revolutions each; tight; hot and 
cold pipes 13 in. diameter. Ore (H.) from Kendig mines, }i mile southwest, shaft 
13S ft. deep; Gontner mines, 3 miles southeast, surface; Eathbone mine, 2% miles 
east, shaft 140 ft. deep. 

66. CONESTOGA.— Blew in, 17th Jan. '55; out, 12th July, '55. 

67. SHAWNEE, No. 1.— Has 2 tubs, 42 in. by 5 feet; 10 revolutions. No. 2 
has 2 tubs, 52 in. by 6 feet; 10 revolutions. Ore (H.) banks 4 miles southeast of 
York Borough, in York Co., Pa. Iron: No. 1 stack made principally No. 3; No. 
2 stack made Nos. 1, 2, and 3. 

63. CORDELIA. — Has 2 tubs, 42 in. by 5 ft.; 11 revolutions each; tight; hot pipes 
9, cold 10 in. diameter. Ore (H.) from Chestnut Hill ore bank, % mile east of fur- 
nace. A little magnetic from Corn\<'all, Lebanon Co. Lost, in 1855, 14 weeks re- 
building stack; and, in 1856, 14 weeks rebuilding engine house, &c. &c. Engine 
destroyed by lire in Sept. 1S56. 

70. ST. CHARLES.— Has 1 tub, 7 by 6 ft. stroke; 14 revolutions. Ore brought 
in on a level, but the coal raised by incline plane. Iron made: "400 tons No. 1 
foundry; 1050, No. 2 foundry; 1600, No. 3 forge iron." 

71. HENRY CLAY.— Has a 60 horse engine. 

72. CHICKESALUNGA.— Has 100 horse engine, put up in 1853, with 2 blast tubs, 
6 by &%; 7 revolutions (=22>J strokes). Iron made, Nos. i, ii, and iir, foundry 
and forge. 

73. EAGLE. — Has 2 tubs, 5,'^ by 6; S revolutions. Four boilers, 45 in.; flue, 20 
ft. long; 1 mud cylinder; boilers huug on girders. Lift all the stock by a plane. 
Ore: 2000 lbs. Chestnut Hill, H., and 300 lbs. magnetic to 1200 lbs. limestone, to 
make No. i. (Chestnut Hill bank 6 miles east.) Blew out, 23d March, '56; in. May 
23. Iron made: 1172)^ tons No. 1, 1533 No. 2, 941 No. 3, in 1856. 

74. DONEGAL. — Has 2 tubs, 4 by 5; when the tubs had a wooden follower with 
leather rim packing, the engine had to make 34 to 36 strokes; with new metal head 
and packing, 28 strokes do more work. It is remarkable that the old leather bag 
packing seemed perfectly tight, and run for two years seemingly without wear. 
Hot and cold pipes 10 in. Blew out, Aug. 15, '54; in, Oct. 5, '54. Used 9000 tons 
of Pittston (Wilkesbarre basin) anthracite per year; 2 tons of coal to 1)i of ore. 
Ore % hematite from the^wners' bank, the Copenhafer, 2)^ miles east, and north of 
the Marietta and Harrisburg turnpike (decidedly red short ore); from the Hartzler 
bank 3 miles east, north side of turnpike (cold short ore); and from the owners' 
principal bank the Hagendobler (neutral ore), b% miles east and south of the pike, 
about X miles north of the Chestnut Hill bank. Here I. P. Morris & Co. are put- 
ting up for them mining machinery. "About 45,000 tons of ore have been taken 
out here. It is near the Grubb bank, and looks well for a continued and reliable 
supply. It is an open bank, and no drift work is required." Iron made in 1856, 

1, 2, and 3; some red short and some cold sliort. 

"The general average product of the furnaces in our neighborhood will not be as 
much as formerly, for the reason that they will have to work more fine ore, which, 
to some extent, prevents a furnace from driving as fast as she otherwise would." 
(Correspondence — Eckert & Myers.) 

75. MARIETTA.— No. 1 has 2 tubs, 4 by 5)^; 16 revolutions. No. 2 has 2 tubs, 
4 by 5X; 23 revolutions. The No. 1 tubs have metallic piston heads; those of No. 

2, old-fashioned wooden ones, which are, however, by this time replaced by similar 
metal heads. Ores (II.) used mixed as follows: % neutral, y^ red short; ),i cold 
short, and all of them limestone ores; with which forge iron is made. Occasion- 
ally No. 1 iron is made for special custom. Proportion of ore ranges 2'.(, 1^!., 2.7, 
to 1 ton of iron. Ores got from Shirk bank (neutral), 23^ miles east; Stehmau 
bank (neutral), 5 miles east; Stoner bank (cold short), 3 miles southwest; Clark 
bank (pipe ore) 13^ mile west. A very fluid cold short white iron was the result of 
an experiment with a peculiar metamorphic, gray, slaty, vertical, magnetic ore, 
obtained in the southern part of York County, an analysis of which is as follows: 
94% per cent, protoxide of iron-f-e.y silica; 68% per cent, metallic iron. The Shirk 
bank neutral oi-e yielded to an analysis 83.75 ox. F. (58^^ per cent, metallic iron), 
5.75 silica, 1.05 alumina, 10.20 water. In this bank, the balls found between clay 
layers are sometimes found not only hollow, but filled with pure water (so said). 
It was calculated to be true of all these lower Susquehanna ore banks, that every 
furnace which makes say 75 tons a week, uses 200 tons of ore, and requires 30 men 
at the banks. None of them not provided with steam engines will yield a ton a 
day to a miner. 

No. 1 blew in, Jan. 1849; out, 14 June, '50; 73 weeks; made 5,3533^ tons. 

" in, 10 Sep. '50; out, 16 June, '51; 18 " " l,149>i " 

" in, 19 Apr. '51; out, 28 Sep. '51; 22 " " 1,641 >i " 

" in, 13 Nov. '51; out, 2 April, '53, 72 " " 4,817 " 

" in, 29 Apr. '53; out, 21 Apr. '54; 47 " " 3,472 " 

" In, 19 Aug. '54; out, 28 Apr. '56; 89 " " 6,865 " 



Or 72,»i tons per week for 



321 



" 23,1983-i 



No. 1 blew in, Aug. 30, '50; out, Apr. 19, '52; 85 weeks; made 5,8013^ tons. 
" in. May 24, '52; out, Apr. 21, '54; 99 " " 7,403 

" in, June 30, '54; out, Feb. 27, '55; 39 " " 2,594>i " 

Or 703^ tons per week for 223 " " 15,799 " 

Furnace No. 2 to be enlarged to size of No. 1, March, 1857. 

77. MIDDLETOWN.— No. 1 has 2 tubs, 4)^ by 5; 12 revolutions. No. 2 has 2 
tubs, 5.2 by 43^; 12 revolutions; (engine crank 6;) tight. Hot pipes 7 in. by 5 in., 
cold, 15>^ in. diameter. Ore, Cornwall magnetic, 6 miles south of Lebanon, 30 
miles east by canal. 

79. CAMERON. — Nos. 1 and 2 torn down, and machinery removed to the new 
stack, which has 2 blast tubs, 5 by 6 stroke. 

80. HAERISBURG.— Has 2 tubs, 4.10 by 6; 12 revolutions. Blew in, Sept. 29, 
'53; out, Aug. 31, '54: in, Nov. 28, '54: making 7,611 tons in two years from that 
time = 70 1-5 tons per week. No account obtained of make after Nov. 27, '56. 

81. KEYSTONE.— Has 1 tub, 7 by 7; 16 to 18 revolutions. In 1856, the boilers 
have given much trouble, and interfered with the yield. Tlie maximum yield one 
week was 170 tons. Important repairs making. Ores used; 32 to fa Chestnut Hill 
cold short hematite; 34 Haldeman, red short, limestone ore; )i Cornwall red short 
magnetic. 

82. UNION DEPOSIT.— Formerly owned by Horst, Gingrich & Co. Present 
agent, S. M. Krauser, of Middletown. Has 2 blast tubs, 5 by 53| stroke; 11 revo- 
lutions; 18 inch steam cylinder. Hot pipes 10 in; cold, 12 in. diameter. Ore all 
Cornwall magnetic, mines 18 miles east; two small hematite mines (Herthey and 
Union Deposit banlis) 3 miles south. Distance from furnace to Harrisburg, 11 miles; 
to Lebanon, 14. Iron made: %, No. 3 pig, 3i No. 2. Furnace built 1854. Blew in, 
Dec. 14, '54; out, Jan. 1, '56: in, March, '56. 

83. NEW MARKET.— Has 2 tubs, 3.4 by 5; 14 revolutions; tight. Syphon pipes, 
4 by 8 in. wide, 9 ft. high; cold air pipes, 13 in. diameter. Ore, magnetic Cornwall, 
13 miles southeast. Iron made, No. 3. 

84. DUDLEY. — Has 2 tubs, 5 by 6; 6 revolutions. Iron made: 4643^ tons of No. 
1, 763^ of No. 2, 30S7 of No. 3. 

85. NORTH LEBANON.— No. 1 has 2 tubs, 6 by 6; 12 revolutions; tight. No. 2 
has 1 tub, 7 by 6; 15 revolutions; tight. Hot pipes, 16 in.; cold, 2 feet diameter. 
No. 1 blew in, Oct. 1855. No. 2 blowout, Feb. '55. No. 3 is an experimental stack, 
4 feet across the hearth, 10 across the top of boshes, and so up for 26 feet to a 
tunnel head of the same width; to be stocked by an air blast lift, consisting of a 
boiler plate tube, 50 feet long and 3 feet in diameter, rising and falling vertically 
in a 5 feet wide well, 52 feet deep, provided with friction rollers on the sides, and 
filled with water. A small blast tube from the air reservoir descends the side of 
the well to the bottom, turns and ascends in the centre of the boiler plate tube to 
the level of the soil. By turning on the blast through this pipe, the boiler plate 
tube is inflated, and rises like a gasometer with a platform on its head, carrying 
up the wheelbarrows of ore, coal, and lime, to a level with the tunnel head. This 
plan of hoist has proved entirely successful in England. 

But the essential peculiarity of this furnace consists in its using hot blast (if de- 
sirable) without robbing the tunnel head of its gas, or interfering with the action of 
the upper part of the cylinder. The hot pipes are heated like the steam engine 
boiler flues, by the direct application of fresh coal. It is expected by this arrange- 
ment that, so far from wasting coal, coal will be saved, and the quality of iron be 
secured at the same time. The wide tunnel head becomes possible, so soon as the 
necessity for drawing off the gas at the tunnel head is obviated, and this is the 
prime object of the experiment. The tuyeres are set in high, to overtop the cinder, 
and so gain blast. In charcoal furnaces, the same end is gained by slanting the 
tuyeres in downwards. 

88. CORNWALL. — No direct information has been received of the working of 
these two stacks during the last year, but the tonnage stated in the table is sup- 
posed to be nearly correct. The celebrated Cornwall magnetic ore mines, from 
which so many furnaces in this region get their stock, are close by, and will bo 
described hereafter. 

90. STANHOPE. — Has 2 tubs, 3.6 by 5; 14 revolutions. Syphon pipes in hot air 
chamber, 5 by 7 in., 8 feet high; cold pipes, 14 in. diameter. Boshes reduced from 
11 to 10 feet since August, 1856. Ore, Cornwall magnetic, 24 miles southwest by 
canal and railroad. Iron made : 78533 toi*^ "f No. 1, 645 of No. 2, 444 of No. 3, in 
1856. Furnace begnn Jan. 1, '54; completed and blown in Oct. 16, '5t. 

91. DUNCANNON.— Has 1 tub, 6 by 6; 17 revolutions; tight. Ore: hematites 
from Marietta, 20 miles below, Carlisle, 20 miles west of Harrisburg, 35 miles from 
Duucannon; magnetic from Cornwall; fossil from near the Patterson station of the 
Pennsylvania railroad (Miftlintown), about 30 miles up the Juniata. 

92. LEWISTOWN.— Has 2 tubs, 4 by 5; 13 revolutions; tight; hot (oveii) pipes, 
4 by 6 inches; cold air pipes, 12 in. diameter. Ores: hematite from 3!^ miles 
northwest of Lewistown; silicious fossil from the outcrop of For. V. ("Clinton 
shales," N. Y. geology) to the north of the furnace along the south foot of Jack's 
Mountain; and another stratum 6 miles west of Lewistown, along the Juniata 
River, which yields better ore. Iron made, Nos. 2 and 3. 

93. HOPE.— Has 1 tub, 6>^ by 63^; 14 strokes; tight. Oven pipes oval, 4 by 7 in., 
8 feet long, in four rows, 20 in a row; blast passing up ten and returning down the 
other ten. "The hot blast chamber is also divided into two compartments, and 
the gas returns in it also." Engine direct action. Steam cylinder above the blow- 
ing cylinder. Cold pipes, 22 in. diameter. Ores : hematite and fossiliferous. Mine 
No. 1, H., 8 to 10 feet, no bottom yet; J.f mile northwest. Mine No. 2, H., 6 to 10 
feet thick, no bottom yet; 1 mile northeast. Mine No. 3, F., nearly horizontal 
stratum, 15 inches thick; 1?^ miles east. Mine No. 4, )i mile. Mine No. 5, 23^ 
miles; Nos. 6 and 7, 2 miles; No. 8, 23^ miles west; all on fossil stratum, 22 inches 
thick; dip 45°. Distance of furnace from canal, 2 miles; railroad, 23^; Lewistown, 
0%; Waynesburg, 5. Iron made; 900 tons of No. 3. Put in blast first time in 
July, and blown out Nov. 5. 



94. SHAMOKIN.— Has 1 tub, 6 by 6; 20 revolutions; high-pressure engine; gears 
loist stock. New engine Aug. '55. Iron made: % No. 1, 
}i No'. 2 and No. 3. 



5 to 1; pumps water to hoist i 



95. CHULASKEY.— A bank furnace; reduced last year 8 feet in size. Has 1 tub, 
6 by 6; 15 revolutions; " 5000 cubic feet per minute;" hearth round, 5J4 diameter 
at tuyeres, 5 feet at bottom. The diameters of the furnace, beginning at the tunnel 
head, are r~ , 5, t- ? 2 , 5, « , 5, S , 11}^ depth of boshes; 6)^ depth of hearth. Four 
French boilers, 50 feet long, 3 diameter; and four below, 36 feet long and 30 in. 
diameter. Ore, fossil, from the hillside near by. Iron chiefly No. 3. 

96. FRANKLIN.— Has remained out of blast since 1835. 

97. MONTOUR.- No. 2 has 2 tubs, 4^^ by 6; IS revolutions; tight; hot and cold 
pipes 18 in. diameter. Ore: =3' Montour "block," or silicious ore; X fossil ore. 
Iron : forge No. 3, or white. 



68 



No. 3 has 4 tubs, 40 in. by 6 feet; 16 revolutions; tight; hot and cold pipes 18 in. 
diameter. Ore; J^ Cornwall magnetic, ,'4 silicious, >^ fossil. Iron, same. 

No. 4 same; hot and cold pipes 14 in. diameter. Ore: >^ Cornwall, }i argilla- 
ceous red oxide from Garry's Creek, >^ silicious. Iron, same. 

Three engines Mow into one air receiver. 

100. COLUMBIA. — Is a hank furnace of peculiar shape. Beginning at the tunnel 
head 10 feet wide, 6 feet down it is 12 feet wide, and here the flues go off rising; 
about 20 feet further down, the cylinder ends at the top of the boshes 12 feet wide; 
the hearth is 3 feet wide at the bottom. The tunnel head was enlarged last fall 
from 6 feet, and the blast, which formerly was 2 lb. is now 2}i to 3 at the tuyeres; 
1}>4 lb. of blast is lost between the tub and the tuyeres, the cold pipes being only 
12"inches diameter. The furnace makes more iron, but carries no more burden 
than before. One blast tub, 60 in. by 4 feet stroke; 21 revolutions. Three boilers 
40 feet long, 3 feet wide, "i of surface visible. Ore: Cornwall, magnetic, and fossil, 
from the ridge north. Iron: 2006 A No. 1, 726.19 No. 1, 170 No. 2, 1.16 white. 

101. EOARING CREEK.— Owned by Elisha Reynolds & Brother, of Danville. 
Was altered in 18j4 from S to 10 feet in the boshes, with the same height, and re- 
ceived a new hot blast, 2 tubs, 40 in. by ft. stroke, blowing formerly 2000 cubic 
feet per minute, but more than that at present. In consequence of the dry season, 
the furnace did not reach anything like its capacity. 

102. BLOOM. — Has 1 blast tub, 7 by 6 feet stroke; 14 revolutions. High pressure 
engine. Shape of furnace, ^ (across tunnel head), 6, gas taken off, and the walls 
flare in 6 in. ; so that here the cross diameter is li', 6, ;2; , 17 length of cylinder, ;2; , 
boshes. This furnace, like those at AUentown (Mr. Lewis), works better without 
breaking up the ore, limestone, and coal (McNeal.) Iron made: 220 tons A No. 1 
foundry, 623 No. 1 foundry, 1136 No. 2 foundry, 3700 No. 3 foundry or forge. Ore 
fossil. 

103. lEONDALE.— No. 1 has been reduced to 12 feet at bosh. No. 2 remains 
nearly 14 feet. Iron made: >i foundry and ^^j forge. Ore fossil. 

10.3. HENRY CLAY (formerly Light Street).— Has 2 tubs, 6 by 5; 8 revolutions; 
tight; hot pipes 12, cold 10 in. diameter. Ore fossil. Out of blast since April, 18j6. 



107. HUNLACH'S CREEK.— Has 2 tubs, 5 by 8 feet stroke; 6 revolutions; tight; 
hot pipes 18, cold 22 in. diameter. Ore, "hematite" (fossil), from Columbia Co., 
near Bloomsburg, 30 miles distant. Iron, "4 No. 1, % No. 2. 

108. WYOMING. — Burnt down Aug. 183.5. "Can be put in working order for 
$.3000 again." Averaged 35 tons a week eleven months in the year. 

114. MARGARETTA.— Has 2 tubs, 3 by 3. The furnace is rebuilt and put in 
thorough apparel. "The principal amount of ore hereafter will be supplied from 
the block ore discovered within tlie last year, nine miles west of the furnace on 
the canal. Others are being discovered." 

116. ROUGH AND READY, Nos. 1 & 2.— Each has 2 tubs, 4 by 5; 20 revolutions; 
tight; hot pipes (oven?) 6 in., cold 12 in. diameter. Ores used: hematite, fossil, 
magnetic, and "bone" carbonate. The mines lie in Harford and Baltimore Coun- 
ties. Iron made, forge. 

118. SOUTH BALTIMORE.- Has 2 tubs. Hot (oven) pipes 4 in., 7 feet high. 
" On account of the gradual upward tendency in the price of wood, and increasing 
scarcity of what is termed Baltimore ore, we look for a reduction rather than an 
increase in the production of pig iron in this city and vicinity. The ores com- 
monly termed hone and chocolate are found embedded in clay in a region of country 
extending in a northeast and southwest direction, from the Schuylkill to the Po- 
tomac, and west or inland to a distance of ten or twenty miles. They were worked 
before the revolutionary war. Sometimes they are found in a transition state be- 
tween wood, or the remains of trees, and ore." (Stickney & Co.) 

119. ASHLAND, Nos. 1 & 2.— Each has 2 tubs, 5 by 5; 9 revolutions; tight; hot 
pipes 24, cold 12 in. diameter. " When both furnaces are being blown, they use 4 
tubs; when only one, 2 or sometimes 3. All have ' bag' packing. Ores hematite, 
and some magnetic and carbonate. Iron : 1, 2, 3. 

121. OREGON.— Has 2 tubs, 5 by 5; 10 revolutions; tight; hot pipes 20, cold 12 
in. diameter. Ore hematite. Iron: 1, 2, 3. 



Explanation of the Change in the Classification of Iron in the U. S. Treasury Reports, commencing July 1, 185^.«/ 



The Treasury classification of iron up to June 30, 1854, 
was as follows: — 
Bar manufactured hy rolling^ 

\% round and square, \\ flats and all larger bars, and rail- 
road iron. 
Bar manufactured otherwise. 

Hammered bars. 
Round, and square, 

as brazier's rods, from j\ to yg diameter. 
Nail and spike rods, 

slit, rolled, or hammered. 
Band and scroll iron, 

as casement rods, slit, rolled, or hammered. - 
Hoop iron. 
Sheet iron. 
Pig iron. 
Old and scrap iron. 

Statement Compiled from the U. S. Treasury Report on ^^ Commerce and Navigation," showing the quantity of each hind 

of Iron imported. 



New classification commencing with the fiscal year ending 
June 30, 1855 :— 
Railroad iron, taken from "bar manufactured by rolling," 

and exhibited separately. 
Bar iron, being the remainder of "bar manufactured by 

rolling," and all of "bar manufactured otherwise." 
Rod iron, comprising "brazier's rods," " nail and spike rods," 

and "scroll iron." 
Hoop iron, being the old class "hoop iron" and "band." 
Sheet iron. Not changed 

Pig iron. do. 

Old and scrap iron. do. 



*FI3CAL TEARS ENDING JUNE 30. 


1830. 


1851. 


1852. 


1353. 


1834. 


FISCAL TEARS ENDINU JUNE 30. 


1835. 


1856. 


Increase. 


Decrease. 




Tons. 


Tons. 


Tons. 


Tons. 


Tons. 




Tons. 


Tons. 






Railroad ironf 


142,037 


188,626 


245,626 


298,995 


282,867 


Railroad iron 


127,516 


135,496 


27,980 




Rolled bar ...... 


105,914 


65,676 


45,760 


88,358 


45,551 


Bar iron 


116,911 


108,172 




8,739 


Hammered bar 


14,707 


20,199 


44,203 


17,595 


13,620 


Rod iron 


6,382 


9,691 


3,.309 




Brazier's rods ..... 


1,996 


1,402 


1,378 


1,633 


882 


Hoop iron 


7,042 


5,903 




1,139 


Hail and spike rods .... 


292 

579 

4,397 

10,672 


599 

399 

6,513 

14,967 


504 

769 

6,989 

13,569 


1,877 

652 

6,083 

19,111 


3,393 

680 

5,817 

16,582 


Sheet iron 

Total rolled and hammered . 

Pig iron 

Old and scrap iron .... 


14,376 


14,012 




561 


Band and scroll .... 

Hoop 

Sheet 


272,427 
98,923 
15,299 


233,274 
59,012 
12,389 


20,817 


.39,913 
1,910 




280,594 
74,874 
10,104 


298,381 

67,250 

8,394 


357,798 

91,874 

7,687 


434,304 

114,227 

9,490 


369,392 

160,484 
18,604 




Total rolled and hammered 

Pig 


386,651 


364,675 




21,970 


Old and scrap 














365,572 


374,023 


457,359 


558,021 


548,480 





* This table was published on page 26, where it contains several typographical errors; it is therefore here republished corrected. 

t Furnished by the Secretary of the Treasury to the Hon. Jas. H. Campbell, of Pennsylvania, December 21, 1856 (published page 33) and subtracted from the next 
item, "Bar Manufactured by Rolling." 



69 



ANNUAL MEETING, MAECH 11, 1857 



At the annual meeting held at the rooms of the American 
Iron Association the following resolution was passed : — 

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to prepare 
an address, to be sent to every iron manufacturer in the United 
States, which shall embody the objects and purposes of this 
Association as set forth in the Secretary's Annual Report, 
with such additions and amendments as they may deem expe- 
dient, with the view of encouraging an increase of membership 
in this Association; and that the said committee be required 
to report at the next special meeting of the Board of Managers, 
for adoption and distribution in a printed form. 

The Chairman appointed on this committee Messrs. C. E. 
Smith, Gr. D. Coleman, and S. J. Reeves. 

The committee named in the above resolution met, and re- 
solved to print the annual report of the Secretary, as the best 
exposition of the present and proposed efforts of the Associa- 
tion. 

They feel it proper on this occasion to say that the Asso- 
ciation is composed of members holding every shade of re- 
ligious and political sentiment, and engaged in every branch 
of the business. Care has been taken that every branch shall 
be represented in the Board of Managers, so that no action 
can be taken beneficial to one interest and injurious to another. 

They utterly disclaim any intention to influence in any way 
the prices of labor, materials, or products, believing as they 
do that these can only be justly settled by the natural laws of 
supply and demand. 

They state the objects of the Association to be : To obtain 
and distribute to the members as much, and as accurate infor- 
mation as possible of all that is going on in the world, of inte- 
rest to a manufacturer of iron. 

To furnish to Congress, as far as possible, such information 
as may be called for bearing on our branch of industry. 

To watch, and so far as lies in their power to defend the 
interests of the American manufacturer from attacks from 
whatever quarter they may come. 

To obtain for members at a distance any special information 
they may desire which, with the above explanation, is a proper 
subject for the Association to investigate ; and generally to seek 
to advance the interests of the American manufacturer by every 
honorable means. 

By the terms of the Constitution, Article Y., every Ameri- 
can manufticturer of iron has the right of membership without 
election, on paying the annual contribution fee according to 
the classification as there stated. 

It is earnestly hoped that every one engaged in the business 
will avail himself of this right, and co-operate with the Asso- 
ciation in the advancement of the common interest. 



ANNUAL REPORT OP THE TREASURER. 

Philadelphia, Marcli 11, 1857. 
Balance of cash on hand, Jan'y 1, 1856 . . $ 245 97 
Amount received from that time to the present • 1,185 66 

Total 1,431 63 

Payments from Jan'y 1, 1856, to present time 
(15 months), for rent, salaries, printing, and 
all expenses ...... 1,355 56 

Balance of cash on hand .... 76 07 

The expenses and the collections were not active until Mr. 
Lesley accepted the Secretaryship, Oct. 1. Since that time, 
our expenses have averaged about $225 per month. 

On the present scale of exertion, it will cost about 83,000 
per year to keep up the Association, and pay all its expenses. 
We have at present a subscription list that we can rely on for 
$1,700 annually, and a doubtful list of $240 more. 

Since the 1st of October, we have received twelve new mem- 
bers, whose annual dues amount to $260, of which $230 is 
paid. 

The cash indebtedness of the Association is $50 00. 

C. E. SMITH, Treasurer. 

The Secretary then submitted the following report : — 

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 

Philadelphia, Marcli 11, 1857. 
The Secretary respectfully submits the following report. As 
his connection with the objects and efi'orts of the American 
Iron Association commenced in the beginning of October last, 
he can speak from personal knowledge only of the last five 
months, during which time he has occupied himself in arrang- 
ing, tabulating, publishing, and preparing for publication the 
statistical materials collected, and partially arranged, by the 
former Secretary, Dr. Robt. F. Brower, with a large amount 
of new matter obtained by correspondence with proprietors of 
iron works throughout the Union. This correspondence has 
already sufficed to reach every important iron region in the 
United States and will be organized and established, during 
the coming summer, by extensive tours, upon a permanent 
basis. It is received on the part of iron men in other States 
with evident good-will and responded to with alacrity. The 
questions asked are answered in most cases fully, and addi- 
tional valuable information often volunteered. Although from 
the nature of the case — properties changing hands, and owners 
changing their post-office address — delays occur and letters 
miscarry for a time or altogether, yet about sixty per cent, of 
all circulars issued are answered satisfactorily and it only re- 



Eatered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 

United States in and for the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylvania. 



70 



mains to visit in person the works not heard from to make 
the iron statistics of the whole country as reliable and valuable 
a part of the material science of the day as any other. At 
the present moment there stand on file reports from all the 
anthracite furnaces in the United States except three ; reports 
from one hundred out of one hundred and seventy charcoal 
and coke furnaces in Pennsylvania, and from ninety out of 
nearly two hundred known to exist in other States ; reports 
from forty-four out of the hundred forges in Pennsylvania, and 
from sixty out of one hundred and fifty, the whole number of 
rolling mills known in the United States. The census of 1850 
gives between six and seven hundred iron works as existing 
within the bounds of the Union, upon nearly one-half of which 
number we are prepared to report ; the rest requiring the per- 
sonal visitation of the Secretary. 

It is intended to produce these statistics not in one solid 
book or pamphlet form, but in consecutive sheets, seriatim, as 
made out, class by class, under four heads, showing, first, the 
manufacture of American pig iron by anthracite furnaces, and 
SECONDLY by charcoal furnaces — cold and hot — and furnaces 
using coke for fuel ; thirdly, the manufacture of the pig 
metal into wrought shapes by the forges, and roxJRTHLY by 
the rolling mills. 

Probably in two or three years from now the substitution 
of coke and raw butuminous coal for charcoal will become 
extensive enough to make it needful to subdivide the se- 
cond head, while the already great and growing number and 
size of foundries will add a sixth. 

Under each head falls a separate and distinct phase of the 
iron manufacture obedient to its own peculiar laws of local 
development and not to be treated in a loose and general way 
but to be described in subdivisions or by regions parted topo- 
graphically by geological barriers perfectly determinable and 
full of interest. It becomes therefore necessary to furnish the 
tables and explanations with maps showing not only how the 
American iron works of this or of that description are grouped 
in relation to centres of commerce or features of the earth's 
surface, but also the way in which their distribution has been 
determined by the geology and the natural causes which will 
insure or exhaust their prosperity. 

A first essay of this has already been offered to the members 
of the Association in the Table of Anthracite Furnaces accom- 
panied with a map of Eastern Pennsylvania distributed at the 
close of last year. Since that issue, the Secretary has visited 
the anthracite furnaces and obtained fuller reports, bringing 
up their production to the close of 1856, and a new issue of 
this (Table A) is now in press, which includes every anthra- 
cite furnace in the United States and will be accompanied with 
the same map somewhat enlarged. 

There is also in preparation and waiting only a few addi- 
tional facts, a table of all the rolling mills in the United States, 
with their production brought up to the close of 1856. 

The Furnaces which use charcoal and coke and the Forges 
will then appear by regions, and it is probable that complete 
tables will be in the hands of the members by midsummer. 

When the statistics of our own country have been obtained 
and published in this complete national form, then govern- 
mental and scientific reports of foreign countries will be added 
for comparison, and such other information will be given as 
shall appear from time to time to be of general value. An 
irregular issue of four or eight pages will thus take place every 
few weeks, with such maps and illustrations as shall seem 
necessary. 

It will be at once seen that the first collection and arrange- 
ment of such a series of tables must involve an unusual out- 
lay of time and exertion, but that every succeeding year will 



make the work easier and more complete. At first we hardly 
know even where to look for the manufacturing districts and 
individual iron works of which we wish to report; nor for that 
abundance of uncombined material which is already in exist- 
ence in the columns of newspapers and on the pages of scien- 
tific reviews and reports of State geologists. It proves to be a 
laborious task simply to enlist the names of all the proprietors 
of iron works in the United States, nor is the list yet com- 
plete. From the readiness, however, with which individuals 
have provided the Secretary with local lists, sometimes in the 
most unexpected and unsolicited manner, it will be an easy 
matter to issue hereafter, every year within three months after 
the 1st of January, completely revised tables, posting the iron 
manufacture up to date, with all those comparisons of year 
with year, for which, hitherto, there has been no basis, and 
without which there can be no scientific*or practical history of 
the trade. On the one hand, as year by year the future growth 
of the manufacture of iron in America is thus portrayed, so it 
will not be difficult to take advantage in the other direction of 
circumstances, and of the growing interest felt by iron men in 
the subject, to look hacJcwards, and gather up the lost data of 
the past. An organized correspondence like that now going 
on to obtain the statistics of only 1854, '55, and '56, must of 
course be, to a great degree, successful in getting back those 
of the preceding four years, 1850, '51, '52, and '53. In Penn- 
sylvania the statistics of 1849 are very complete, and thus 
we should have an unbroken record of seven years, the value 
of which to the political economist need not be urged upon 
your consideration. 

It is in this view that the subject must in the long run be 
viewed, for the science of statistics has proved to be merely a 
subordinate section of the science of political economy. By 
this is meant of course not politics, or partisan warfare, or 
the collision of parties in any sense, but those wide and pro- 
found views of the natural laws which govern the social con- 
dition of states and nations, to which the organized knowledge 
of the day is advancing. The whole bearing of the facts which, 
as an Association, we have made it our business to collect and 
arrange in their natural and true order, is a bearing upon na- 
tional prosperity. This is in fact the only universally valid 
and acceptable excuse which a national or American Associa- 
tion can ofi'er to the world for its own existence. Its tables 
are intended to show where and how the laws of American life 
touch and affect the iron interest, and where and how the laws 
of government either oppose them or harmonize with them. 
This can, however, only be done by showing the facts along a 
range of consecutive years. Supposing this done, the story 
tells itself. Herej wise legislation evidently made the iron 
interest prosper ; unwise legislation there, as evidently made 
it languish. But to this end the utmost reliability must be 
given to the statistics. Their truthfulness must be secured 
against the closest scrutiny of party spirit and party venality. 
And their completeness is quite as indispensable, because partial 
returns are always false returns. It is, for this last reason, so 
necessary to obtain the upright and hearty co-operation of 
every iron manufacturer in the United States. It is to be 
hoped that every iron manufacturer in the United States will 
find it to his interest to become a member of the Association, 
whatever may be his local connections. And such a hope 
seems to be in a fair waj' to be realized, judging by letters re- 
ceived from Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, as well as from 
the North. It must, however, depend upon two things ; first, 
of course, upon the value the Association can give to its pub- 
lications, and then upon its ability to keep them for the exclu- 
sive use of its members. Until the list of its members be 
greatly enlarged, the necessary annual expenses make it im- 



71 



possible to reduce the fee of membersbip. If we permit, there- 
fore, our bulletins and Tables to be immediately appropriated 
and reprinted by the daily and monthly journals, the expense 
of the whole work must continue to fall upon a few. It has 
been thought best, therefore, to guard against this evil by 
copyrighting every issue from the press, of whatever kind. 

To enhance the value of these issues, and in fact to make 
their value greater every succeeding year, ought not to be 
difficult, for the whole literature of science is open to us, and 
by confining our attention to iron (in all its relationships), we 
can present to the world in a comparatively short time and 
in a compact and referable shape all that has ever been known 
of it, and keep entirely abreast of the improvements of the 
age. For the iron workers of the interior, and of the West 
and Southwest, this is all that they ask. Our aim should be 
nothing less than to meet their demand for the best and latest 
information with a steady, full and perfectly genuine supply. 
Should we succeed in doing this, we must in time number 
among our members every iron manufacturer in the country 
who wishes well to his own works. 

Of late, the Secretary has begun to receive communications 
of a peculiar kind, which require consideration. Proprietors 
of furnaces have announced that their works were for sale or 
to let, and owners of iron mines that they could offer advan- 
tageous sites for new enterprise. Some write to ask where 
they can get a builder or founder; others to learn the cost of 
erection or of machinery. The Secretary is given to under- 
stand that this use of your office in Philadelphia was foreseen 
and intended. It is becoming thus a rendezvous of questions 
and answers ; a medium of communication between those who 
demand, and those who can supply ; in fact an iron exchange 
in a sense limited principally to epistolary correspondence; 
and important advantages, to distant members of the Associa- 
tion especially, will accrue from their use of it as such; while, 
at the same time by doing so they will multiply its relations, 
and increase its means of information and its influence. It 
will undoubtedly be needful to guard its use so far as to pre- 
vent its present scientific and disinterested relations to the vari- 
ous branches of the iron interest from being perverted. Letters 
have been received by the Secretary, demanding the amount 
of stock on hand at this or that point. Such inquiries he has 
been instructed to account of an entirely different nature, quite 
apart from the purpose of the Association, trenching on the 
individual interests and therefore rights of one class of its 
members and consequently inadmissible. The Secretary will 
always observe with scrupulous care the fundamental prin- 
ciple of the Association that he is appointed to learn and 
communicate only what relates to the general interest; that 
private and peculiar information is neither to be asked for by 
him nor given by him, but that the complete collection, care- 
ful analysis and plain exhibition of facts of note to all alike 
constitute the sum as well as the substance of his duties and 
the only safe path by which the history of this Association 
can proceed to its natural and national development. 

J. P. LESLEY, Secretary. 

On motion of Mr. Reeves the meeting adjourned to go into 
an election of Managers for the ensuing year. Mr. Robeson 
was elected Chairman pro tern, and the Secretary of the Asso- 
ciation Secretary of the meeting; Messrs. Coleman and Bell 
were appointed Tellers. The following persons were then 
nominated, balloted for and unanimously elected Managers : — 



MANAGERS FOE, 1857-8. 

G-. N". Eckert, Philadelphia, President. 

3. H. Towne, Philadelphia, 

C. E. Smith, Philadelphia, 

Hon. D. R. Porter, .... Harrisburg, 

S. J. Reeves, Philadelphia, 

Stephen Colwell, .... Philadelphia, 

"W. M. Lyon, Pittsburg, 

Sam. R. Wood, Chulasky, 

Elias Baker, Altoona, 

Jno. McManus, Reading, 

Jno. H. Reed, Boston, 

C. C. Alger, Hudson, 

Jas. Myers, Columbia, 

Gr. D. Coleman, Lebanon, 

C. W. Fisher, Philadelphia, 

J. W. Tyson, Baltimore, 

Ab. S. Hewitt, New York, 

Jno. A. Wright, Lewistown, 

Percl. Roberts, Philadelphia, 

Chas. S. Wood, Johnstown, 

H. jST. Burroughs, .... Philadelphia. 



HONOEAEY MEMBERS. 

Hon. Rich'd. Brodhead, Easton, Pa. 

Benj. Bannan, Pottsville, Pa. 

Capt. J. G. Benton, U. S. Ordnance, Washington. 

H. C. Carey, Walnut above 11th, Philadelphia. 

Hon. James H. Campbell. 

Hon. J. Winter Davis. 

Gen. J. S. Darcy, Pres't. N. J. R. R. 57 Merchants' Ex. N. Y. 

Wm. Elder, M. D., No. 380 George St. Philadelphia. 

Hon. H. M. Fuller, S. Fourth St. cor. Willing's Alley, Phila. 

Major P. V. Hagner, U. S. A. Frankford Arsenal, Pa. 

Hon. J. Glancey Jones. 

Hon. Owen Jones, Philadelphia. 

Hon. Luther M. Kennett, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Hon. J. C. Kunkle. 

T. McKissock, Sup. Catawissa R. R. Williamsport, Pa. 

Capt. G. B. McClelland, Chicago, 111. 

Capt. M. C. Meigs, U. S. E. Washington. 

Gov. Jas. Pollock, Harrisburg, Pa. 

J. D. Steele, Sup. Reading R. R. Pottstown, Pa. 

Hon. Job R. Tyson, Washington. 



72 



MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION. 



Alger, C. C, Hudson, N. Y. 

Brodhead, Hon. Rich'd., Easton, Pa. 

Bannan, Benj., Pottsville, Pa. ' 

Bange, F., Napanack, Ulster Co. N. Y. 

Baker, Elias, Altoona, Blair Co. Pa. 

Bailey, Chas. L., & Bro., Harrisburg, Pa. 

Beaver, Geddes, Marsh & Co. Lewisburg, Union Co. Pa. 

Brooke, E. & G-., Birdsboro', Berks Co. Pa. 

Buckley, M. B., & Son, Manayunk, Philadelphia. 

Burroughs, H. N., No. 280 Spruce St. Philadelphia. 

Bryan, Longenecker & Co. Harrisburg, Pa. 

Breitenbach & Sheetz, Pinegrove, Schuylkill Co. Pa. 

Brown, W. R., Pittsburg. 

Benton, Capt. J. G-., U. S. Ordnance, Washington. 

Brock, M., Manhattanville, N. Y. 

Carey, H. C, Walnut above 11th, Philadelphia. 

Campbell, C. B., & Co., 109 N. Water, Philadelphia. 

Cabeen & Co., No. 143 N. Water St., Philadelphia. 

Coleman, G. D., Lebanon, Pa. 

Coleman & Kelton, No. 113 N. Water, Philadelphia. 

Coleman, Hailman & Co., Pittsburg, Pa. 

Colwell, Stephen, No. Ill N. Water, Philadelphia. 

Col well & Co., No. Ill N. Water, Philadelphia. 

Curtis & Hand, Decatur and Market St. Philadelphia. 

Cooper & Hewitt, No. 17 Burling Slip, New York. 

Campbell, Hon. James H., Pottsville, Pa. 

Davis, Hon. J. Winter, Baltimore, Md. 

Darcy, Gen. J. S., Pres't. N. J. R. R. 57 Merchants' Ex. N. Y. 

Deemer, S. B., Catawissa, Columbia Co. Pa. 

Dudley Iron Co., Lebanon, Pa. 

Elder, Wm., M. D., No. 380 George St. Philadelphia. 
Eckert, G. N., Reading, Pa. Girard St. Philadelphia. 

Fuller, Hon. H. M., S. Fourth St. cor. Willing's Alley, Phila. 

Fallon, C. & J., No. 142 Walnut St. Philadelphia. 

Fincher and Smith, Catawissa, Columbia Co. Pa. 

Fisher, Morgan & Co. No. 117 N. Water St. Philadelphia. 

Ferguson, N., Pinegrove, Schuylkill Co. Pa. 

Fitzhugh, P., Cotocton Furnace, Frederick Co. Md. 

Griswold, Jno. A., Troy, N. Y. 

Grubb, Clem. B., Columbia, Lancaster Co. Pa. 

Grubb and Care, W. Hanover, Dauphin Co. Pa. 

Gulick, Jas. H., Blossburg, Tioga Co. Pa. 

Gould, Oran B., Franklin Furnace, Scioto Co. Ohio. 

Handy & Morris, No. 45 N. Water St. Philadelphia. 

Hitner, Cresson & Co. Barren Hill, Montgomery Co. Pa. 

Higgins, Jos., Duncansville, Blair Co. Pa. 

Hunter, F. S., & Bros., Moselem, Berks Co. Pa. 

Huston, Chas., Coatesville, Blair Co. Pa. 

Horst, Henry, Hummelstown, Pa. 

Hagner, Major P. V., U. S. A. Frankford Arsenal, Pa. 

Isett, Keller & Co. Yellow Springs, Blair Co. Pa. 
Irvin, Jas., Bellefonte, Centre Co. Pa. 



Jones, Hon. J. Glanccy. 
Jackson, Chas., Jr., Boston, Mass. 

Kennett, Hon. Luther M., St. Louis, Missouri. 
Kunkle, Hon. J. C, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Kauffman, Shaefer & Co., Milton, Snyder Co. Pa. 

Lackawanna C. & I. Co., Scranton, Pa. 

Laughlin, R. B., Stewardson, Armstrong Co. Pa. 

Leesport I. Co., Berks Co. Pa. 

Longenecker, H., & Co. Shamokin, Northumberland Co. Pa. 

Lyon, Shorb &-Co., Pittsburg, Pa. 

McKissock, T., Sup. Catawissa R. R., Williamsport, Pa. 

Morehead, John, Pittsburg. 

Morris & Jones & Co., Sixteenth and Market, Philadelphia. 

Morris & Tanner, Richmond, Va. 

Myers, Jas., Columbia, Lancaster Co. Pa. 

McKelvy & Neall, Bloom.sburg, Columbia Co. Pa. 

Musselman & Watts, Marietta, Lancaster Co. Pa. 

McClelland, Capt. G. B., Chicago, 111. 

Meigs, Capt. M. C, U. S. E. Washington. 

Pollock, Gov. Jas., Harrisburg, Pa. 

Porter, Gov. D. R., Harrisburg, Pa. 

Potts, Thos. I., Second above Race, Philadelphia. 

Pennock, Enos, Hopewell Works, Lancaster Co. Pa. 

Quincey, J. W., New York City. 

Reed, J. H., Boston, Mass. 
Reeves, S. J., Walnut above 4th, Philadelphia. 
Robeson, Brook & Co. Furnace P. 0. Berks Co. Pa. 
Roberts, A. & P., Broad below Vine, Philadelphia. 

Steele, J. D., Sup. Reading R. R. Pottstown, Pa. 

Small, P. A. & S., York, Pa. 

Smith, Charles E. & Co., Fairmount, Phila. 

Seyfert & McManus, Reading, Pa. 

Stickney & Co. Baltimore, Bid. 

Stewart, David, Coleraine, Huntingdon Co. Pa. 

Snyder and Kinzer, Dauphin, Dauphin Co. Pa. 

Towne, Jno. H., No. 390, Locust St. Philadelphia. 
Tucker, Jno., Walnut above 4th, S. side, Philadelphia. 
Townsend, Wm. H., & Co. (Stirling I. W.) New York. 
Townsend, Franklin, Albany, N. Y. 
Tuckerman, J. & L., New York. 
Tyson, Jas. W., Sykesville, Md. 
Tyson, Hon. Job R., Washington. 

Valentines, Thomas & Co., No. 125 N. Water St., Philadelphia. 

Welsh, S. & W., No. 50 S. Wharves, Philadelphia. 
Waggonseller & McCaulcy, Wilkesbarre, Pa. 
Winslow, Jno. F., Albany, N. Y. 
Wood & Sterling, Pittsburg, Pa. 
Wood, Sam'l. R , Chulasky, Northumberland Co. Pa. 
Wood, Morrell & Co. Johnstown, Cambria Co. Pa. 
Wright, Jno. A., Lewistown, Perry Co. Pa. 
Wright, A. & J., Vine St. Wharf, Philadelphia. 

Yardley, E., & Co, Pottsville, Pa. 




HUDSON RIVER. [ 

IIWJV FirMACLS , mR&ES,and ROfJMfiMIim 

Desrrihed in Tables B.C J). oftheBidUiiu ot' the \ 

Ameriain Iron A'^soruilimi.. i 

ifr J. f. '..'.ESKEY; S.=T>'if_";7 
Tile round hlvt dots rfproent jforgcs-, tlw red -lnU 

irJ a ■'riit^ ^ aa t ifngrass ir, 0;,j-,;jr mSl byJ-ritsU.yint;ic i^fria afrhr I'/i-rk .■~tf,.-^u,-:r-:c: thin or^'hrr.-, xn .iiiiiorOitrciiDt^ 



T, fflNf.TiflU'S MH PHIL' 



73 



OFricE OF THE Ameeican Ieoi^ AssociATioisr, 

COEHER OF WALNUT AND EIGHTH STKEETS, 

Philadelphia, April 19, 1857. 



FUMACES, FORGES, AND EOLLING MILLS OF NEW ENGLAND. 



The following tables, B. C. D., include all the Iron Works 
of New England and that part of New York east of the Hud- 
son, except machine shops and manufactories properly so 
called. Were we to enter upon a summary of these there 
would be no limit to our tables until we reached the making of 
needles and watchsprings, and the engrossing of fine wire and 
sheet iron with wood and other materials in the workshops. It 
is not the use but the production of iron which we express at 
present by these statistics. New England is that part of the 
Union where the least iron is produced in proportion to the 
consumption of it by hand and machine work. The amount 
of work done seems therefore small when stated iu round tons, 
but its just proportions appear when the amount is stated in 
dollars and cents — the value of the articles manufactured. 
The furnaces of western New England turn out on an average 
but 900 tons a year each ; but the iron is of that superior 
quality long known under the name of Salisbury Iron, com- 
manding the highest price, as it is in requisition for special 
purposes, such as the making of gun barrels, car axles and 
tires, axes and other edge tools, machine iron and steel, saw 
plates, horseshoe nails, &c. The Rolling Mills of New Eng- 
land show also for the same reason a comparatively small pro- 
duction in tons, as they are occupied in making in small shapes 
a costly iron for the use of the numerous manufactories in 
their neighborhood. The old bloomeries of New England 
have almost all disappeared, and the few forges which are left 
are attached to machine shops, or consist of hand fires, being 
little more than blacksmith shops for light and fine work; 
these last could not of course be included in our table. 

To show how long the list of establishments which work up 
iron will be when made out, the following abstract from the 
Vermont Almanac of 1856 will sufiice. It is not quite 
complete even for the factories and foundries where iron is 
consumed in the manufacture of sheet-iron and tin ware, guns, 
forks, cutlery, edge tools, machines, and castings in that one 
State. Of the foundries three are represented as making cast 
iron, one har and bloom iron, and two simply iron. Some of 
these ought perhaps to go into table C, but as nothing accu- 
rate is known about them they have not been inserted there. 

1. Foundries :— in WINDHAM Co. at Rockingham, 
Hall & Sessions ;— in RUTLAND Co. at Brandon, Blake & 
Co. (stoves, &c.), and Middletoiun, E. W. Gray; — in WIND- 
SOR Co. at Rochester, E. M. Latimer & Co., and Windsor, 
Bricket & Emerson ; and Woodstoch, D. Taft & Sons (scythes 
and axesalso); — in ADDISON Co. at Bristol, Munson, Bart- 
Jett & Co., and Starksborough, David A. Paine; — in OR- 
ANGE, at Bradford, H. Strickland (and machinery) ; Ran- 
dolph, Kellogg & Smith, and Strafford, Martin Bennett (cast 
iron) ;— in CHITTENDEN, at Colchester, Winooski, Tubbs & 
Coon (stoves and tin), and Fisk & Brink ; Hinesburg, Rufus 
Patrick (cast iron) j— in WASHINGTON Co. at Barre, Josh. 
Irving ; Northficld, P. Belknap & Co. ;— in CALEDONIA, at 
St. Johnsbury, L. Hastings (and machines) ; — in FRANKLIN 
at Highgate, N. D. Wait; Sheldon, H. Carlisle (cast iron); 
St. Albans, W. C. Smith ; Swanton, F. H. Barrey (bar and 



bloom iron) ; in ORLEANS Co. at Charlestoivn, J. S. Barn- 
ard (iron), and G. H. Goodwin (iron). 

2. Machine Shops in WINDHAM Co. at Whitting- 
ham, Bollan & Baker ;— in WINDSOR Co. at Windsor, Ro- 
berts, Lawrence & Co. (guns also), and N. Woodbury & Co. 
(guns also) ;— in CHITTENDEN Co. at Colchester, Edward and 
White ; Huntingdon, J. S. & A. D. Rood (wagons also) ; Hines- 
burg, Mussey & Patrick ;— in WASHINGTON Co. at Mont- 
pellier, Daniel Bennett (guns also); Waterbury, D. Stowell; — 
in CALEDONIA Co. at St. Johnsbury, Caledonia Machine 
Shop; Waterford, S. Parley (guns also); — in LAMOILLE 
Co. 2X[Johnson, J. M. Stanley; — in ESSEX Co. at Concord, 
Chase, Gould & Co. 

3. Axes and Tools : in WINDHAM Co. at 5ra«?e5ora, 
Asa & Lucius Wheeler; — in ADDISON Co. at New Haven, 
Brooks & Bros. ;— in CALEDONIA Co. at Groton, Martin 
Wild. 

4. Edge Tools : in WASHINGTON Co. at Berlin, Ros- 
well Pierce; at Montpellier, John Demerit (cutlery) ; Perrin. 

5. Forks : in WINDSOR Co. at Norwich, Daniel Minor; 
at Hartford, Van Ornum, Bailey & Co. 

6. Wrought Nails : in RUTLAND Co. at Middletown, 
H. Gray. 

r. Sheet Iron and Tin : in RUTLAND Co. at Fair- 
haven, J. Capen ; — in WINDSOR Co. at Weathersfield, Jabez 
Hammond ; Weston, H. J. Kimball ; Windsor, Wm. Butman ; 
—in ADDISON Co. at Vergennes, J. M. Haight;— in FRANK- 
LIN Co. at Swanton, A. A. Brooks. 

Similar lists may be hereafter published for other States, but 
this is given only as a specimen of the ramifications of the 
iron manufacture in New England. 

Many of the furnaces of Vermont have gone out, and most 
of the bloomeries. Of two furnaces in Dorset, between Rut- 
land and Bennington, two in Bennington, two in Sheldon, 
Franklin Co. nine miles east of St. Albans, one in Troy, Or- 
leans Co. near the Canada line, and Tyson's Furnace in Ply- 
mouth, Windsor Co. not one is now in blast, and only the 
Dorset and Tyson furnaces show a production for the three 
years covered by our table. There was a blast furnace also 
at Vergennes 25 years ago, run by Mr. Ward now of New 
Jersey. Of bloomeries which like those of northern New 
York at present actively engaged in making iron from the ore 
in open front furnaces, drawing the loupsout under a tilt ham- 
mer into rough bars, there were two in Brandon, three in Sa- 
lisbury and one in Chittenden which have been for a long time 
cold. Table D contains four such bloomeries at present in 
operation. But in the neighborhood of Vergennes there were 
at one time no fewer than twenty of them built by Boston 
capital, and all now cold with the exception of White's on the 
R. R. five miles above the mouth of Otter creek. 

Western Ne^v England makes crude iron. Here in 
the neighborhood of the brown hematite ore beds of western 
Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut, running over into 
New York along the continent side of the Highlands, and con- 
tinuing across upper New Jersey into middle Pennsylvania, the 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 
United States in and for the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylvania. 



74 



TABLE B. 



SITUATIOS, OWXERS' AND MAKAGER3' ADDRESS. 



WHEIf ERECTED, A. D. 



1. MAINE ; NEW HAMPSHIRE ; EASTERN VERMONT. 



1. Katalidin. 

2. Franconia. 

3. Tyson's. 



PiscATAQDA Co., Matne, Katalidiii Iron Company. David Pingree, Salem Mass. 

Francoxia Co., N. H. 

Windsor Co., Vermont. Isaac Tyson, Jun., of Baltimore, Md. 



1845 
Old. 
Old. 



2. WESTERN VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS, AND CONNECTICUT, AMD EASTERN NEW YORK.— (Hematite.) 



4. Green Mountain. 

5. Conant. 

6. Pittsford. 

7. Dorset. 

S. North Adams. 
9. Cheshire. 

10. Brigg's. 

11. Lenox. 

12. Stockbridge, No. I. 

13. Richmond. 

14. Vandusenville. 

1.1. Beckley. 

16. Forbes, I. Co. 

17. Scovill's. 

18. Buena Vista. 

19. Cornwall. 

20. Cornwall Bridge. 

21. Mount Riga. 

22. Joiceville. 

23. Chapensville. 

24. Limerock. 

2.5. Weed's. 

23. Sharon Valley. 

27. Kent. 

28. Macedonia. 

29. Copake. 
.SO. Northeast. 

31. Benedict's. 

32. Amenia. 

33. Dover. 

34. White's Dover. 

35. Beek man's. 

36. Fishkill. 



Rutland Co., Vt. Green Mountain Iron Company. Formerly Royal Blake, of Forostdale. Brandon, Vt. 
Rutland Co., Vt. Brandon Iron and Car-wheel Company. Geo. W. Palmer, Treasurer and Agent. Brandon, Vt. 
Rutland Co., Vt. Pittsford Iron Company. Mr. Granger, manager. Pittsford Furnace P. O., Vt. 

Bennington Co., Vt. 

Berkshire Co., Mass. N. Adams Iron Company. J. E. Marshall, agent. N. Adams P. 0., Mass. 
Berkshire Co., Mass. Cheshire Iron Furnace Company. E. W. Thayer, manager. Cheshire P. 0., Mass. 

Berkshire Co., Mass. Brigg's Iron Furnace Company. Daniel Day, treasurer and agent. Xaneshoro' P. , Mass. 

Berkshire Co., Mass. Lenox Iron Works Company. William A. Phelps, treasurer and agent. Lenox P. 0., Mass. 

Berkshire Co., Mass. G. B. Cartwright, Boston, agent ; R. Ray, resident agent. Housatonic P. 0., Mass. 

BERK.5HIKE Co., Mass. Richmond Iron Company. John H. Coffin, agent. Eichmond P. 0., Mass 
Berkshire Co., Mass. do. do. do. do. do. do. 

Litchfield Co., Conn. John A. Beckley, owner. Jno. Dunmore, agent. N. Canaan P. O. 

Litchfield Co., Conn. Forbes' Iron Company. N. Canaan P. 0., Litchfield Co., Conn. 

Litchfield Co., Conn. Scovill & Co. Falls Village P. O., Litchfield, Conn. 

Litchfield Co., Conn. Hunt, Lyman & Co. D. M. Hunt, Huntsville, Litchfield Co., Conn. 

Litchfield Co., Conn. Cornwall Iron Company. Samuel Scovill, agent. W. Cornwall P. 0., Conn. 
Litchfield Co., Conn. Cornwall Bridge Iron Company. W. Cornwall, Litchfield Co., Conn. 

Litchfield Co., Conn. Salisbury Iron Company. Address Landon & Co., Chapensville, Conn. 

Litchfield Co., Conn. Landon & Co. and Salisbury Iron-Company. Chapensville P. O., Conn. 
Litchfield Co., Conn. do. do. do. do. do. 

Litchfield Co., Conn. Canfiield & Eobbins. Falls Village, Salisbury. Litchfield Co., Conn. 

Litchfield Co., Conn. Hiram Weed, Sharon Village. Litchfield Co., Conn. 

LiTcnriELD Co., Conn. H. Landon & Co. Pitch & Landon, agents. Sharon Valley Furnacs P. 0., Corns. 

Litchfield Co., Conn. Stewart, Hopkins & Co. Kent P. 0., Litchfield Co., Conn. 

Litchfield Co., Conn. C. Edwards. Macedonia Furnace, Litchfield Co., Conn. 

W. L. Pomeroy & Co. Copake P. 0., Dutchess Co., New York. 
Mr. Dagon. Millerton, Dutchess Co., N. Y. 
Benedict & Co. Millerton, Dutchess Co., N. Y. 

Mr. Gridley. Wasaic P. 0., Amenia, Dutchess Co., N. Y. 

Novelty Works, N. Y. L. S. Dutcher & Co., lessees. S. Dover P. O. 

William White. Dover Plains P. 0., Dutchess Co., N. Y. 

E. D. Stirling, Foster & Co. Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co., N. Y. 
Isaac White. Hopewell P. 0., Fishkill Town, Dutchess Co., N. Y. 



Dutchess Co., N. Y. 
Dutchess Co., N. Y. 
Dutchess Co., N. Y. 

Dutchess Co., N. Y. 
Dutchess Co , N. Y. 
Dutchess Co., N. Y. 

Dutchess Co., N. Y. 
Dutchess Co., N. Y. 



N. B. — Charcoal furnaces are represented on the map by round red dots. 



TABLE C. 



Old. 
1820 
1791 

Old. 

1845 
184S 

1847 

1765 

1835 

18 

1834 

1847 
1832* 
1844 
1847 

1832 
1833 

1800* 
13 
18 
1825* 

13 
IS 

1846 
1826 

1845 
1847 
1854 

1825 
1S35 
184& 



SITUATION, owners' AND MANAGERS' ADDRESS. 



WHEN ERECTED, A. D. 



1. EASTERN NEW ENGLAND. 



1. Nashua I. Works. Hillsboro' Co., N. H. Nashua Iron Company. John H. Gage, agent. 

2. Westford Forge. Middlesex Co., JIass. Ainsworth, treasurer. George Stark, superintendent N. & L. R. E., agent. 

3. Commercial Point. Suffolk Co , Mass. Dearborn, Robinson & Co. Thomas Loudon, manager. 

4. Holmes' Anchor F., No. 1. Plymouth Co., Mass. Alexander Holmes, Kingston. George Holmes, manager. 

5. " " " No. 2. do. do. do. do. 



1848 

1854 

1848 

1792 
18 



2. MIDDLE NEW ENGLAND. 



Talcott's Forge. Hampden Co., Mass. T. J. Talcott, owner, Springfield. 

Glastenbury. Hartford Co., Conn. S. S. Post, owner and manager. 

Hnmphreysville. New Haven Co., Conn. Humphreysville Manufacturing Company. R. Fren A, President. Seymour. 



18 
Old. 

0000 



3. WESTERN VERMONT, AND CONNECTICUT, AND EASTERN NEW YORK. 



Ackworth Forgs 

White's. 

Salisbury. 

E. Middlebury. 

Fair Haven. 



Addison Co., Vt. 0. W. Burnham, owner and manager. 

Addison Co., Vt. Mr. White, 

Addison Co., Vt. Israel Davey, of Fairhaven, Rutland County. 
Addison Co., Vt. do. do. do. 

Rutland Co , Vt. do. do. do. 



14. Copake Forge. 



Mt. Eiga, No. 1,2. 
Ames' Works. 
Canfield and Robbins. 
Salisbury Centre. 

West Point. 

Franklin Forge. 



Dutchess Co., N. Y. Pomeroy 

Litchfield Co., Conn. 
Litchfield Co., Conn. 
Litchfield Co., Conn. 
Litchfield Co., Conn. 



:Co. 

Salisbury Iron Company. 

Ames' Iron Company. Falls Village, Salisbury. 
Canfield & Robbins. Falls Village, Salisbury. 
S. B. Moore & Co. 



Putnam Co., N. Y. Mr. Parrot, agent. 
New York Cirr. Tugnot, Dally & Co. 



1828 

IS 

Old. 

Old. 

Old. 

1851 

Old. 

1832* 

Old. 

1832 

0000 

1S48 



N. B. — Forges are represented on the map by round blue dots. 



* More or less. 



75 
CHARCOAL BLAST FURFACES EAST OF THE HUDSOJf RIVER. 





NAME. 




SIZE. 








BLAST. 






KIND. 






PRODCCTION. 
















c 

a. 


J = 




if d 

11 

n. 


of 
po"n^er 


of 
ore. 


of 
iron. 


6'S 





.a 

CO ^ 


1 ! 


CO 




NAME. 




1. MAINE; 


NE-W HAMPSHIRE 


; EASTERN YERMONT. 






















1. 


Katabdin 




1 42 


1 


? 


2 


? 


? ? 


9 


"W. 


B. 


II. 


2,100 


7 


00 00 


1,900 48 


2,100 


52 


Katahdiu 





Franconia 
Tyson's 
















:: 






■• 




•• 




.. 


•• 


•• 




!? 














Tyson's 


















2. WESTEEN YEKIIONT, 


MASSACHUSETTS, AND CONNECTICUT, 


AND EASTERN NEAY YORK. 












4. 
5. 
6. 


Green Mountain 

Conant 

Pittsford 


9 42 

8 35 

9 42 


3 

2K 

3 


6 



3 
2 
3 


2J^ 
2« 


600'= ? 
cold ? 
600= ? 


9 

850 
1,120 


"W. 
"W. 

■w. 


H. 

II. 
H. 


? 
III. 
I. 


1,800 
1,000 
1,800 


7 
7 

9 


500? 18? 
1,150 22 
880 15 


500? 18? 
1,144 21 
1,353 28 


000 

851 

1,569 



17 
30 


Green Mt. 

Conant 

Pittsford 


7 


Dorset 

N. Adams 
Cheshire 
















900 
900 


■w. 

S. 


H. 
H. 


I. II. 
I. II. ni. 


2,000 
1,700 


1,400* 
? 


1,.529 48 
100* 3? 


1,450 42 
000 00 


1,916 
6S6 


43 

26 


Dorset 


S. 
9. 


S 31 
9? 40 


3 

3ii 


7 


2 
3' 


2}i 
3 


400 % 
250 6-10 


N. Adams 
Cheshire 


10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 


Brigg's 

Lenox 

Stockbridge, No. 1 

Richmond 

Vandeusenville, 


11 >4 -42 
9 35>i 

10 ? 
9 .31? 
9 32 


3» 
3 

2K 
2>^ 


? 
? 
? 

? 
? 


3 
3 
3^ 

2 

2 


3 

2Ji 
2Ji 
2}J 
2)i 


300 Vi 
500 1 

? 7-10 

irrm JJ 

500= % 


1,.3.50 
1,050 
2,530 
960 
1,200 


s. 
■w. 

AY. 

s. -w. 

\Y. 


H. 
H. 
H. 

H. 
H. 


I. II. III. 
I. II. III. 
I. II. Ill 

II. III. 

II. in. 


1,800 
2,000 
1,500 
2,.500 
2,500 


1,5.50 
1,496 34; 

9 

9 

9 


1,22714-28 
1,088 39 
1,200 33 
1,404KW 
1,339,'437 


1,.399J4;37 
1,.300 30 
1,200 33 
1,361 Ji34 
2,3951441 


1,0961^27 
1,600 45 
000 00 
2,242}^43 
1,022 Ji20 


Brigg's 
Lenox 
Stockbr'ge, 1 
Richmond 
A'andus 


13. 
16. 
17. 

IS. 


Beckley 
Forbes' Iron 
ScoviU's 
Buena Yista 


Co. 


9 30 

9 28 

S 23 

no "29 


3 

3K 

? 


? 
'? 
? 
? 


2 
2 
2' 
2 


3 

2% 

3 

2% 


600 X 
600 ? 
400 IK 
300 % 


1,080 
1,300 
1,300 
1,500 


■\Y. 

■w. 
■w. 
■w. 


H. 
II. 
11. 
II. 


III. 
II. III. 

III. 


2,S00 
2,.J00 
1,.500 
2,500 


1,301X 
? 
9 
840>i 


2,035>^42 
1,375 30? 

.398^20 
1,747 40 


2,423,'4-49 
1,081 22 
1,2541^47 
l,877Ji.i7 


2,704 50 

1,200 28 

S69?i30 

2,015 Ji4i 


Beckley 
Forbe'sl. Co. 
Scoville's 
Buena A'ista 


19. 
20. 


Cornwall 
Corn. Br. 




8K 30 
9 30 


3 

2K 


? 
? 


1 
2' 


25i 
2,'a' 


cold 4? 
cold i,y 


1,350 
1,010 


"\Y. 

■w. 


H. 
H. 


I. II. 
III. 


1,200 
1,-500 


? 
? 


900* 39 
1,200* 35? 


900* 35 
1,400* 40 ? 


700* 
1,000 


30 
'30? 


Cornwall 
Corn. Br. 


21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 


Mount Riga 
JoiceviUe 
Chapeu's 
Lime-rock 




'=S 30 
8 29 
S 29 
&}4 30 


1- 
2 
? 


? 
5 
5 


1 
21 
2' 
2 


01^ 

2>l 

2>^ 

9 


cold ? 

? ? 

C+H 2>i 

cool ?. 


? 
7 
7 
7 


"W. 
W. 
%V. 
AY. 


H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 


II. III. 

r. II. III. 
II. 


1,400 
1,000* 
1,500 
1,000 


7 

7 
9 


600* 24* 
500* 227 
SOO 30 
700 + 30? 


550* 24* 
000 00 
1,193 3) 
700+30? 


436 

000 

1,155 

520 


IS 
00 
33 

22 


Mt. Riga 
JoiceviUe 
Chapen's 
Lime-rock 


23. 
26. 
27. 

2S. 


"Weed's 
Sh. Yalley 
Kent 

Macedonia 




7 24 

8 3t 

9 31 
9 30 


2 
2 
2 
3 


9 
? 
? 
? 


1' 
2 
2' 
3 


? 
3 

2Ji 


C+H K' 
C+H ■? 
500= 1 y 
300 3 


7 

? 
1,400 
1,120 


"W. 
"W. 
■\Y. 

■w. 


IT. 
H. 
H. 
H. 


I. ir. III. 
I. II. III. 
I. 
I. II. 


1,000 
1,S00 
1,800 
1,.500 


? 

? 

833 
9 


2.50 7 21 
1,S67 48? 
1,030 37 

SOO* 22 


500 24 

1,332 40? 

4.35 J^l 9 

800* 22 


000 
1,313 

763 
200* 


00 

40? 

24 

9 


AVeed' s 
Sh. A'alley 
Kent 
Macedonia 


29. 
.30. 
31. 


Copake 

Northeast 

Benedict's 




S.'i 32 
"8 32 
9 27 


3 
3 

2 


4)i 
3 


2 
2 
2' 


2 + 
2 -4 
2% 


400 % 
cold 1 
cold 1 


9 
3,000 
1,.500 


S. 
S. 
AY. 


H. 
H. 
H. 


11. 

II. 

I. II. III. 


l.SOO 
2,000 
1,500 


9 
s» 
? 


1,556'^41 
SOO* 27 
272 9 


451 14 
940* 28 
993,'4-32 


1,350)^.38 
270* 9 
370^16 


Copake 
N. East. 
Benedict's 


32. 
33. 
3t. 


Amenia 
Dover 
■White's D. 




8 "30 3 
S 32>i 3>i( 
S 32 2M 


? 

» 


2 
2 
2 


2,'i 

? 
2% 


300= 7 
hot 7 
hot \)i 


1,980 
9 

2,700 


■VY. 
AY.? 

AY.? 


n. 

H. 
H. 


II. 

II. 

I. II. 


1,000 
1,200 
2,000 


? 
9 
7 


00 
600* 24* 
S50ii2S 


200 14 

600* 24* 
285 7 14 


150 

25 

610) 


9 

i\6 


Amenia 
Dover 
A^^hite's D. 


33. 

36. 


Bcekman's 
Fishkill 




9 36 


3 


s 


3 


3i 


hot ? 


1,200 


AY. 


H. 


I. II. 


2,000 


? 


1,600* 35* 


1,685 37 


1,200 


30 


Beekman's 
Fishkill 



30,419JiS96 30,926^877 27,836,'i731=i 



FORGES EAST OF THE HUDSON RIVER, 



NAME. 






CJ ^ 



"S d «ic, 



c5 o 



CONSCMPTIO.N IN 1856 

Kind , -^ > 

of of of of of 

power. ore. pig. bloom, scrap. 



PRODUCTION. 



of manufacture. 



1. EASTERN NEAY ENGLAND. 



Nashua 

AYestford 

Commercial Point 1 



Holme's, No. 1 
Holme's, No. 2 



9, 12^ 

3 2 

6 

4 
4 



S. 

AY. 

S. 

AY. 
AY. 



1,750* S25' 



600* .. l^'^Kee'l's!''""^'^"""^!^''^^'"^^ 
R. R. axies. AN'estford 



1,200 1,450*.. 1,450*.. 1,000 



Axles ; steamb't shafts. Com. Ft. 



210 
100 



140 
60 



140 
60 



140* 
60* 



Anchors, &c. 
do. do. 



Holme's, 1 
Holme's, 2 



2. MIDDLE NEAY ENGLAND. 



Talcott's 

Glastenbury 

Hurophreysville 



425* 300* 



300? 



AY. 



Axles and heavy work. Talcott's 
Anchors and bars. Glastenh'y 

Axles and tools. Humph'le 



3. AYESTERN A'ERMONT, AND CONNECTICUT, AND EASTERN NEAY YORK. 



Ackworth 

AVhite's 

Salisbury 

E. Middlebury 

Fairhaven 

Copake " 
Mount Riga, No. 1, ' 

Ames' 

Canfield & Robb's 

Salisbury Centre 

AYest Point 

Franklin Forge 



1 
1 
1 

5 

12 

S 
4 
4 

3 

4 



AY. 

AY. 
AY. 
AY. 

AY. 
AV. 

S. AY. 
AV. 
AY. 



1,100 

400* 
400* 
500* 



600 



200 



1,200* 

7 

200 



400 52 

160* .. 
100? .. 

800* 32 
SOO* . . 
150 44 



500 .. 
300 .. 
400 52 

160* .. 
200? .. 

SOO* 52 
nOO* .. 
150 44 



300 .. 
300 .. 
400 52 

160* .. 
200? .. 

800* 52 
400* .. 
150 44 



400? 



300? 



300? 



Blooms. 

Blooms. 
Blooms. 
Blooms. 

Axles, &c. 
Shafts, &c. 

Tyres, axles, &c. 
Ordnance. 

Steam engine forging. 



Ackworth 
AVhite's 
Salisbury 
E. Middle. 
Fairhaven 

Copake. 
Mt. Riga 

Ames' 
C. & R's 
Salisb'y C. 

AVest Point 

Franklin 



6,0S3 



* More or less. 



N. B. — Corrections and completions of the above tables are earnestly requested. 



76 



first processes of the iron manufacture are conducted. Here 
are the blast furnaces. Table B exhibits only three excep- 
tions. Tyson's furnace in eastern Vermont is upon Plymouth 
roclc ore ; the old Franconia furnace in western New Hamp- 
shire is upon hard, rich rock ore ; and Katahdin furnace in the 
heart of western Maine, at the outlet of a lake, at the foot of 
Iron Mountain, was built to smelt certain bog deposits half 
way up the mountain side, drainings from the outcrops of rock 
veins. The brown hematite beds of the belt above described, 
are practically exhaustless for another century ; but at the pre- 
sent rate of smelting, for a dozen centuries. Some of the 
furnaces which use the ore have already been converted into 
anthracite burning stacks, and transferred to table A. Others 
have been using a proportion of anthracite coal with their 
charcoal to eke out each season's stock. As charcoal becomes 
scarcer and anthracite still cheaper, and the mixing of Lake 
Champlain ores with these hematites goes on increasing like- 
wise, more and more of the furnaces of table B will be trans- 
posed to table A and the production of crude iron be of course 
enlarged. There will always however be a large demand for 
the "Salisbury" quality of iron in New England, and as this 
demand has kept many of these furnaces from using their 
hot blast all the time, and compelled them often to blow cold 
at a low production per annum, so it will stand in the way 
of any very rapid increase in the number and size of anthra- 
cite blast furnaces. New ones will be built, but probably 
along the Hudson Kiver, and so the neighborhood of the hem- 
atite beds will still continue to be the region of small, semi- 
annual, chiefly cold blast, " Salisbury Iron" blast furnaces. 

Middle NeAW England used to make iron from bog 
deposits. There were at one time three blast furnaces in Stan- 
ford in eastern Connecticut, near the Massachusetts line, on a 
branch of the Willimantic. They all went out of blast about 
1837 when Scotch pig iron began to come into this country. 
They stood apart a mile or two from each other with separate 
water powers, which are now used for cotton factories. Mak- 
ing iron there was then lucrative. Three forges near them 
made up their metal into bar. These also stopped many years 
ago. There remains but one cupola foundry on the spot. 
The Hebron furnace further south never did much and went 
out of blast finally about the same time with the Stanford fur- 



naces. And the old Enfield forge a few miles east of Wind- 
sor Locks is also a ruin, its old iron having been brought away 
some years ago. 

In Massachusetts there is still standing the old Warren 
forge near where the Western R. H. crosses the Chickapee 
river east of Springfield, but it has been almost or quite idle 
for years. In fact, the rolling mill at Norwich is the sole 
relic of the iron manufacture of New England east of the Con- 
necticut river, if we except the country to the east of Provi- 
dence and to the south of Boston. 

Here in the southeastern corner of New England, clus- 
tered in and about its seaports, lie its rolling mills. Here goes 
on a large proportion of that ultimate work in iron which attests 
the activity and advanced civility of the New England popu- 
lation. The country is alive with forge fires, rolls, nail and 
spike machines, and every kind of tool for forging, framing 
and applying iron to its endless uses near at hand or distant in 
the world. All the raw material however comes from the fur- 
naces in the west, or from the British and Scandinavian iron 
works. The old blast furnaces of Plymouth County, making 
a poor iron, in very small quantities, from an ochreous ore 
dug from the diluvium of the pond bottoms, are almost for- 
gotten. Traditions of them remain only as jests at the primi- 
tive ways they were set to work in. One is described as sit- 
uated on the bank of a stream and lashed to a large tree to 
protect it from the freshets ; when an order came for a few 
tons of iron the neighboring farmers assembled and blew it in. 
All that has given way and disappeared before the inventive 
spirit of New England, sustained and incited by the wealth of 
its commercial cities, and made a necessary condition of social 
existence by the barrenness of the soil. Table D gives therefore 
but an inadequate idea of the extent to which this mental and 
physical activity is carried, inasmuch as a large part of what 
is here the raw material consists of foreign bar and sheet ; 
and inasmuch also as many of the manufactures and manufac- 
tories of New England are of such a complex kind as to defy 
all simplicity of classification. However complete in itself 
therefore the table is rather a suggestion of what may be done 
to show the extent of the iron interest located in this part of 
the country. 

J. P. L. 



NOTES TO TABLE B. 



1. KATAHDIN Furnace. — Situated 50* miles north of Bangor, toirnsMp 6, range 
9, near the Iron Mtn. where Pleasant River issues I'roin the lake, to flow towards 
the Piscataqua. Ithlew out Jan. 18.57, and will not blow in again until next win- 
ter. A bloomery, owned by the same Company, has been erected since 1815 at 
the next falls, but has not been in operation for two years. In 1S53 it made 700 
tons of blooms. It lias 2 furnaces and 1 trip-hammer. The furnace gets its ore in 
bogs on the mountain side. 

2. FRANCONIA Furnace. — Situated . Not doingmuch for several years. 

3. TYSON'S Furnace. — Situated some miles north from Ludlow (25 miles east 
of Rutland). 

4. GREEN MOUNTAIN Furnace.— Situated 3K miles N. E. of Brandon ViUage 
(17 miles north of Rutland), on a stream at the upper end of Forestdale Village, 
under Mr. Blake's house. In 1854 it was enlarged and received 2 iron blowing 
cylinders 5 feet by 2)^ stroke. Attempts were made by the Company to blow it 
witli anthracite which failed. The product in the table is wholly conjectural. It 
blew out finally in the winter of 18.55. Mr. Blake used to make almost all No. 1 
iron whicli went to Troy. The Company own part of the hematite Conant depo- 
sits (described in the succeding note) lying about a mile south of the furnace. A 
bed of red oxide, 3 miles N. E. was also used some little to mix. Another brown 
hematite bed lies 2)^ miles north. 

N. B. — Besides these, there have been no blast furnaces running in Vermont for 
some years., There stand two in Sheldon, Franklin Co., 9 miles east of St. Alban's; 
one in Troy, Orleans County ; one in Plymouth, Windsor County, Tyson's ; two 
in Bennington, Bennington Co., and two in Dorset, on the Western Vt. Railroad, 
between Bennington and Rutland. The heavy snows make it diflicult to get stock, 
and unless such lignite beds, as the one used by Conant Furnace be discovered, 
elsewhere, the dearness of charcoal and the scarcity of ore will prevent this from 
becoming a principal furnace district again. 

5. CONANT Furnace. — Situated in Brandon Village, on Mill River, >.f miles 
north of Railroad Depot, 17 miles noi'th of Rutland, and 50 miles south of Bur- 
lington. Rebuilt and enlarged 1839. Bosh 9 feet high, lining 26. Wheel 20 feet, 



8 feet bucket. Receiving chamber 4 by 5 feet ; 2 tubs, 6}^ by 2}^ stroke ; 2>^ revo- 
lutions per minute. Size of cold air-pipes, 12 and 10 inches. Iron made, car- 
wheel iron. Ore banks 2 miles east of the village at the foot of the mountain. 
Ore brown hematite. This is a locality of great geological interest. With the 
iron ore is deposited oxide of manganese, kaoline or porcelain clay, and lignite 
brown coal containing multitudes of fossil fruit, figured and described by Prof. 
Hitchcock in SUliman's Journal, Jan. 7, 1853, and supposed by him and other 
distinguished geologists, to demonstrate the tertiary age of all the brown hematite 
beds referred to in these notes, and found distributed along a narrow belt of lime- 
stone country from Canada to Alabama. It is a subject which will be discussed 
fully hereafter, when all the tables are completed. The Company which works 
this ore bed and runs the furnace, was incorporated in 1851 with an ultimate capi- 
tal of $150,000. It manufactures car-wheels, fire-brick, paints and paper clay in 
Brandon. It has also a foundry and machine shop in Rutland, 300 yards from the 
Railroad station. 

The appendix to Thompson's Vermont says: "In the area above mentioned 
there have been sunk, princip.ally for obtaining the iron ore, five shafts to depths 
varying from 100 to 130 feet. From these shafts, at depths 80 or 90 feet, drifts have 
been sent olf in various directions — by which the iron clay and coal have been 
passed through in various directions, and something has been learned respecting 
their relative position and extent. . . . The brown coal shows itself at the surface, 
and to the depth of 90 feet. It seems to descend obliquely by the sides of the 
kaolin in a columnar form about 20 feet wide and 14 thick." Prof. Hitchcock thinks 
it cannot have this form, but that of an oblique plate cut off by a fault. The 
report for 1853 of the agent, Jno. Howe, Jr., Esq., says: "The operations have 
been mainly confined to a level 80 feet from the surface. . . . There have been 
raised during the year 3,984 tons of ore at a cost of $1.13>.f per ton; . . 619 tons 
has been washed, at a cost of 'il% cents per ton for the washed ore. In addition 
to the saving of freiglit to the furnace on the washed ore — which amounts to at 
least half the expense of teaming at 28 cents jjer ton — we save large quantities of 
beautifully washed ochre and fine washings of ore; — from 12 to 15 shades of color 
— very durable, mixing easily with oil and flowing freely from the brush. The 



77 



demand for manganese still continues limited. The furnace blew in 17th May, 
1852. . . The total amount of iron made in the t-vro blasts of 121 days was 752 nett 
tons, at a cost of -^IQ.eiX Per ton." In his report of 1854, he says: "The lignite 
continues to be abundant and has been constantly used as a fuel in ruunins; the 
steam-engine." The black ore in the vicinity of the manganese bed we find very 
valuable to mix with the hematite, for the purpose of malcing the iron harder, and 
imparting to it stronger chilling properties. Eaised 4,343 tons at a cost of .$1.33>i 
per ton ; repairs, &c. increase the cost to $1.53>i. We have used the manganese 
to mix with our ore." 

6. PITTSFOED Furnace. — Situated 3 miles east of Pittsford station (9 miles 
north of Kutlaud) on Vermont Central Eailroad, and 10 miles south of Brandon 
Furnace, at the mouth of a ravine. Eebuilt, 1824; enlarged, 1853. Former size, 
8 by 27. The stack is remarkably beautiful ; built of stone taken from one rock, 
and round-arched over the tuyeres with fire-brick. Two tubs of iron 5K by 4j^ 
stroke; 3 revolutions. One water-wheel, 24 feet; 2S hot pipes (syphon), oval, 
3)^ by i}i in. , 9 feet high, in two separate chambers. Cold and hot main 12 in. dia- 
meter. A little Lake Champlain ore is sometimes mixed with the brown hematite 
of the vicinity, dug both sides of the furnace stream, and also 2>^ miles to the 
north of it, in Chittenden. Foundry attached, manufacturing say 300 tons into 
stoves. Capacity of furnace 8 tons a day. Blasts commonly commence in July 
and terminate in January and February. 

7. DOESET Furnace. 

8. NOETH ADAMS. — On the Hoosic Elver. Formerly, 9 feet bosh. Present slope 
60°. Ores of Adams, Lanesboro', Eichmond, and Amenia banks mixed. The 
Adam's bank is 2>^ miles S. W. The Lanesboro' bank is 14 miles south of the 
middle of town. For the others, see belcw. Iron made half i,, half ii , soft. 
Capacity 7J^ tons per day for lOJ^ months, say 2200 tons. Iron sent to Albany 
Iron Works 2 tubs, 4 by 4 ; 4J^ revolutions. 

9. CHESHIEE Furnace.— Situated . Hearth, 21 inch ; 4 tubs, 3 by 4 ; 

4 revolutions ; 2 engines, 4 boilers. Ore Cheshire, 1 mile W. and E., 50 per ct. iron. 

10. BEIGG'S Iron Furnace. — Situated in Lanesboro' Village, 6 mile west of 
Pittsfield, 1^^ miles west of Pittsfield and N. Adams Eailroad, and in the valley 
to the west of it. Tubs 2, 4 by 5 ; 5 revolutions. Ore, Lanesboro', 3)^ miles west. 
Engine, 40 horse power, 2 cylinders. Iron made. No. 1, 2, 3, on a scale of four ; 
soft; send pigs chiefly eastward, to Worcester, Springfield, Lawrence, Boston. 
This is called Lanesboro' Furnace in Mr. Hodge's reports, and was built by Sam'l 
Smith, of Boston ; 10 by 40 feet. Commenced making iron with hot blast in 1848. 

11. LENOX Furnace. — Situated . The old stack was built in 1765, and 

was 28 feet high, with one tuyere. Eebuilt 1839, and totally changed. Tubs 2, 4 
by 4; 5>2 revolutions; also a third tub, 5)^ diameter, same stroke. Ore, mostly 
Lenox, 4 miles west, in west part of town. 32 per ct. ore. Some got from W. Stock- 
bridge. Iron made soft and strong ; for foundry. Capacity 6 tons per day, for 9 
months. Average 1800 tons a year from the beginning. Send pig to Pittsiield, 
Springfield, Worcester, Boston, Stafford, some to Troy. In 1851, made 2,081 tons, 
a good year. In 1853, made in 2 months from beginning of blast 412 tons. 

12. STOCKBEIDGE Furnace. (No. 2, is anthracite, see Table A, No. 3.)— Situated 
3 miles from Stockbridge, 1 mile from Housatonic Post-office. Two tubs, 6 by 5 ; 
9}^ revolutions. Ores, W. Stockbridge, 6 miles west. Richmond, 6 miles west. 
Capacity, 12-1.500 tons ; blowing 35 weeks in the year. Send pig mostly to Boston 
and the East. Out of blast since Nov. 1855. 

13. EICHMOND Furnace. — Situated on Western Eailroad, 5 miles N. E. of State 
line, and 8 S. W. of Pittsfield. Use only one kind of power at a time. Two sets 
of tubs, 2 steam, 4 by 4 ; 10 revolutions ; 2 water, 3>^ by 5. Richmond banks and 
West Stockbridge banks belong to the Company. Iron made, hard, car-wheel ; 
tested in Boston last year, sustained 24,222 lbs. to square inch. Capacity of fur- 
nace 50 tons per week. 

14. VANDEUSENVILLE Furnace.— Situated 2>^ miles from Great Barrington, 
and at the junction of the Pittsfield and Albany branches of the Housatonic Rail- 
road. Eebuilt, A. D. . Tubs 2, 4}^ by 5 ; 4 revolutions. Ores, Eichmond 

bank, 10 miles north. West Stockbridge, 7>^ miles north. Intend putting up a 
steam-engine for power in 1857. Capacity, 52 tons per week. Make iron, mostly 
hard ; car-wheel. Send it in all directions. 

15. BECKLEY Furnace. — Situated 2 miles east from North Canaan Station on 
the Housatonic Eailroad, and in East Canaan. Eichardson, Barnum & Co., run 
the furnace at present. Tubs 2, 4 by 5; 9 revolutions. Ore used from Salisbury 
and Old Hill and Davis' banks. Capacity shown by making 2,670;}^ tons in 11 
months. Iron, mostly car-wheel. No. iii. and iv. of a scale of 4, of which i. is 
soft, and iv. white ; sent mostly to Albany, Troy, Schenectady ; also to Canada and 
Georgia. 

16. FORBES' Furnace. — Situated near Beckley's Furnace, 2 miles east from 
Canaan Depot, Housatonic Eailroad. Rebuilt and remodelled, 1856. Tubs 2, 4 
by 5; 5-6 revolution. Ore, Salisbury half; Davis' and Old Hill half. Iron, 
car-wheel ; made cold blast in 1854 ; hot blast in 1855 and '56. 

17. SCOVILL'S Furnace. — Situated in South Canaan, 3 miles east of Falls Vil- 
lage Depot, on the Housatonic Railroad. Changed to hot blast 3 or 4 years ago. 
Used one tuyere lately ; melts lead sometimes. Tubs 2, 5>^ by i'}i ; 6 revolutions. 
Ore used from Scovill bank 10 miles west ; Davis' 8 miles west ; Old Hill, 10 miles 
west. Average capacity, 4 tons a day. 

18. BUENA VISTA..— Situated Smiles east from Canaan Falls Village Depot, 
Housatonic Eailroad. Tubs 5 by 5 ; 4 revolutions. Ore, Salisbury, II miles west ; 
Davis', 9 miles, and Old Hill, 12 miles, west. Iron made, high gray for car-wheels, 
chilling J^ — ii inch ; some white. No. iii., iv. About 50 tons No. 1, soft. Send 
pig to Jersey City, Springfield, Canton, Mass., Rochester, Buffalo, Wilmington, 
Del., HuntsviUe, Conn. 

At Jersey City they make 20 car-wheels a day entirely from this Salisbury iron 
of Hunt, Lyman & Co.'sBuena Vista Furnace (Hunt, Washburn & Co., Jersey 
City). 

19. CORNWALL Furnace. — Situated in West Cornwall, near Housatonic Eail- 
road Station. Tubs 2, 4>^ by 5>^ ; 5 revolutions; size of cold pipes, 12 inches. 
Roasted the ore for two years successfully by piling it in the yard and passing the 
hot gas through it. Pounding cinder saves 30 to 40 tons iron per annum. Ore used, 
Amenia, 12 miles west, with Salisbury, 10 miles N. W. Limestone got 6 miles 
south. Iron made, mostly malleable gray iron. Average 4>^ tons a day ; last 
blast, 27 tons a week ; product in the table given without reference to books. 

20. COENWALL BRIDGE.— Situated near Cornwall Bridge Depot on Housa- 
tonic Railroad. Never used but one tuyere. Tubs 2, 5 by i}i ; 3 revolutions. 
Capacity, 6 tons a day. Made mostly malleable iron, for New York, Newark, 
Boston, Philadelphia, &c. Statistics of production promised, but not sent. 

21. MOUNT RIGA Furnace.— Situated 5 miles north of Lakeville, once called 
Furnace Village. Was formerly owned by Mr. Campbell, near Millerton. Rebuilt 
1845. Sixteen feet across the bilge six feet above the top of the bosh. Ore 



banks, Old Hill 1)^ miles S. E. of Dagon's Furnace (a large pit, across which the 
road from Millerton to N. Canaan and Hartford goes) ; Davis', 1>^ miles east of 
Old Hill and near Lakeville or Furnace Village, and Dagon's. Iron made, forge. 

22. JOICEVILLE Furnace.— Situated 1)^ miles N. W. of Landon's Furnace 
(ChapenviUe Furnace) ; only used when the latter has an excess of stock. Called 
also Sage Iron Co. Furnace. Its size is about the same with that of the Chapen- 
viUe F. and Benedict's F. ; and is so put down in the table. 

23. CHAPENVILLE Furnace.— Situated i% miles N. N. W. of Falls Village 
Depot of the Housatonic Railroad, and a mile north of the main Hartford and 
Hudson road through Millerton. 'Tubs 2, same size as Mount Riga blast. Blasts 
begin in July and terminate, according to the amount of stock, in April or May. 
1834, '35, 800 tons of cold ; 1855, '56, 981 tons of hot and 212 tons of cold ; 1856, '57, 
905 tons of hot and 205 tons of cold. Ore got from the Old Hill bank. 

24. LIMEROCK Furnace.— Situated 3 miles W. S. W. of Falls Village Depot, 
Housatonic Railroad. Only blew once hot for making car-wheel iron ; and then 
quite cool. Limerock is a very old iron locality. Here, iron was made 120 years 
ago, by bloomery forges running upon Old Hill bank ore. There is an old furnace 
also at Falls Village which has not blown for 17 years. At Lakeville there was 
one, now torn down, which made iron before the Revolutionary War. Shot and 
shell were cast there for the British troops. The iron for the Albany Water Works 
was also made there forty years ago. There were two Refining ITorges with 10 
fires, one at Limerock and the other at Falls Village, which made government 
iron ; but a superior sample of Swedish iron induced government to import largely ; 
and before the inferior imported iron was used up the forges had been abandoned 
and have since been torn down, and very little refining is now done. 

Eichardson, Barnum & Co., at Limerock, melted 11 tons, and made 40 car-wheels 
a day last year, and make this winter 20 a day. In the spring and fall they make 
40 a day. 

25. WEED'S Furnace. — Situated 4 miles east of Sharon Station, Harlam Eail- 
road, on the road to Cornwall. Tubs 2, 5 by 5. Hot and cold pipes, 10 inch dia- 
meter. Use 2 tuyeres, and blow 2 lbs. for hot blast ; 2 wheels. Use Salisbury, 
Amenia, Palmer {}^ mile west of Eailroad at Amenia Station), Adams' and Grid- 
ley's ore (the last two banks together.) Make "Salisbury" iron. No. I., ii.. III. 
No. I. is "malleable casting" iron, and makes up at least half the blast. "The iron 
goes to New Y''ork, Newark, New Haven, &c. Blow cold for fine charcoal iron, 
and hot for cheap gray cupola iron. The numbers in the table were given at a 
distance from the books, from memory. 

26. SHARON VALLEY Furnace.— Situated 2 miles east of Sharon Station, Har- 
lam Railroad, and IJ^ miles west of Weed's Furnace. Blows cold when required. 
Tubs 2, 4? by 5 ?. Makes charcoal iron for axles for Ames' Works, also tyre iron, 
strong iron ; also for Eddie's Works at Troy in 1856 ; also 4 — 500 tons hot blast 
iron for government cannon. Made, 1854, '55, 1,867 tons cold ; 1855, '56, 1,332 tons 
hot ; 1856, '57, 995 hot, and 318 cold. 

27. KENT Furnace. — Situated 1 mile north of Kent Station, Housatonic Rail- 
road. Old furnace built on this spot, 1825, 3 feet lower in the stack than the pre- 
sent one, and cold blast. This one uses one quarter anthracite to make up a de- 
ficiency of cliarcoal. Mines, 6 miles S. E. ; Kent and Amenia ore sometimes. 
Tunnel head, formerly 2,,9, and 3 ft. Have used 3 tuyeres. Blast melts lead 
sometimes. Tubs 2, 3, ,13 by 4,, 10; 6 revolutions." Furnace blew in Sept. 17, 
18.33, and made 444,, 10 to Dec. .31. (From the books, made, 1848 Dec. 30 to 1849 
July 21, 835,,15 cold blast, for the New York market.) Iron made mostly gray ; 
No. I. soft, foundry iron. Can make 6 tons a day. 

23. MACEDONIjV Furnace.— Situated in Kent, 2 miles west of village. For 20 
years cold blast ; last 10 years hot blast. Uses anthracite and cliarcoal half and 
half Will be blown in again in lb57. Heat of blast average, 300°, sometimes 
600°. Tubs 2, 5 by 5 ; 3 revolutions. Ore, Amenia, 10 to 12 miles by road, 8 miles 
in a direct line distant. Five and a half tons a fair day's work. 

29. COPAKE Furnace.— Situated 300 yards S. E. of Copake Station Harlaem 
Railroad, 46 miles from Albany, 23 from Chatham 4 corners, 4 south of Hillsdale 
Station, 12 north of Millerton, 17 north of Sharon Furnace, 23 north of Wasaic 
Furnace, all on H. R. R. Shape 2 ;J? 2 =^ 8 =-• 9 =- 4^ « 3. Use a cast-iron "cone," 
(tremie) weighs 1,500 lbs., let down 4 feet into the tunnel head to protect the mouth 
of the flues. Charge, 3 bushels wood to 24 bushels of charcoal. Never blew cold. 
Tubs 2, 4 by 5}i ; 30 revolutions. Copake ore beds close by the depot ; ore, 40 to 
45 per cent. Iron, No. 1, car-wheel principally — all grades occasionally. 

To show the action of a " cone" upon the work of a furnace, Mr. Pomeroy gives 
the following daily record. From March 10, the furnace, bearing 1,100 lbs., ran 
regularly down until April 1, when it bore but 700 ; the flues were liurnt out by 
the wood breaking them and the charcoal lodging in them. The cone was pxit 
in, and the burdens became, April 2, 700, 900; April 3, 850; April 4, 1,000, 1,050; 
April 7, 1,150 ; April 10, 1,200 ; April 13, 1,250, 1,300 ; April 17, 1,400, and thence- 
forward carried 11 to 1200 clear through the blast. There was no other change in 
stock or ore. 

30. NORTH EAST Furnace.- Situated 1>< miles N. E. of Millerton Station, Har- 
laem Railroad, and 1 mile east of railroad line; at the foot of the hills beyond 
the church, beyond Campbell's and Dagon's houses, and near the ore bed. Shape, 
11 feet across the bilge, 6 feet above the top of the bosh. Use a "cone" 22 inches 
diameter, 3 feet deep. Use no anthracite, and blow principally cold. One tub, 
5 by 6 ; 12 — 15 revolution (30—40 of the engine). Ore beds, within 20 to 30 rods, 
N. W. of the stack. Iron made, forge iron, mottled and No. ii. Will be out of» 
blast for a year. 

31. BENEDICT'S Furnace. — Situated on the Harlaem Railroad (west side) 1 
mile north of Millerton Station. Intend to nse anthracite. Formerly, tunnel 
head 32 inches. Use but one tuyere. Tubs 2, 4,, 4 by 5 ; 3% revolutions ; some- 
what loose. Ore-beds, Salisbury, 2>^ miles due east. Iron made, mottled forgo 
iron. Will blow out about Feb. 1. The 272 tons in the table were of cold blast 
iron, and also the 310%. 

32. AMENlAFurnace.— Situated at Wasaic Station, Harlaem Railroad. Heat2S0° 
and 400°. Tubs, one round, 4}^ by 5)^, and one square, o}i by 4J^ ; 4 to 5 revolu- 
tions. Ore, Amenia mine (described in anthracite table A), "said by Mr. Alger to 
m8.ke the strongest gun iron." Thefurnace has made good gun iron running with 
a heat as high as 400°. (Mi-. Gridley.) Furnace runs cold when required. Known 
locally as Johnny Cake Furnace. 

33. DOVER Furnace.— Situated at (South?) Dover Station, Harlaem Railroad, 
and on east side of railroad. Sometimes uses from 70 to 200 lbs. anthracite coal to 
a charge ; 16 bushels charcoal to 100 lbs. hard coal, and 5 bushels of wood. It 
never runs cold. Address L. S. Dutcher, South Dover, Dutchess Co., N. Y. 

Gas enters the oven at the tunnel head. Ores used from Amenia bank princi- 
pally ; a little from Quaker Hill 5 miles S. E., and Clove Hill, 7 miles west. Num- 
bers in the table given at a distance from the books. Average stated at 5 tons 
a day. Machine iron made chiefiy. 



78 



BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION. 



TABLE D. 



OFFICE No. 141 S. EIGHTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 



SITUATION, owners' AND MANAGERS' ADDRESS. 



WHEN ERECTED, A. D. 



1. Pembroke Iron Company. 

2. Danvers Iron Works. 

3. Glendon Rolling Mill. 

4. Bay State Rolling Mill. 
6. Norway Iron Works. 

6. Weymouth Works. 

7. East Bridgewater Iron Works. 

8. Bridgewater Iron Works. 

9. N. Russel & Co., Iron Works. 

10. Tremont Works. 

11. Weweantit Rolling Mill, No. 1. 

12. do. do. do. Ko. 2. 

13. Parker Mills, Nos. 1, 2, 

14. Agawam Nail Works. 

15. Kinsley Iron Works. 

16. Old Colony Works. 

17. Gosnold Mills. 

18. Mount Hope Iron Company Works. 

19. Fall River Iron Works. 

20. Providence Iron Company. 

21. American Horse Nail Company. 

22. Quinsigamund Works. 

23. Cold Spring Iron Works. 

24. Ripley Rolling Mill. 

2.5. Birmingham Iron and Steel Works. 

26. Stillwater Iron Works. 

27. Greenwich Iron Works. 

28. Fairhaven Rolling Mill. 

29. Rensselaer Rolling Mill. 

30. Albany Iron Works. 

31. Burden's Rolling Mill. 

32. Ulster Rolling Mill. 



Washington Co., Maine. 

Essex Co., Mass. 

Norfolk Co., Mass. 
Suffolk Co., Mass. 
Suffolk Co., Mass. 

Norfolk Co., Mass. 
Plymooth Co., Mass. 
Plymouth Co., Mass. 
Plymouth Co., Mass. 

Plymouth Co. , Mass. 
Plymouth Co., Mass. 
Plymouth Co., Mass. 
Plymouth Co., Mass. 
PLY.MonTH Co., Mass. 



Bristol Co., Mass. 
Bristol Co., Mass. 
Bristol Co., Mass. 
Bristol Co., Mass. 

Providence Co., R. I. 
Providence Co., K. I. 

Worcester Co., Mass. 

New London Co., Conn. 

Hartford Co., Conn. 
New Haven Co. , Conn. 
Fairfield Co., Conn. 

Pairpield Co., Conn. 

Rutland Co., Vt. 
Rensselaer Co., N. T. 
Rensselaer Co., N. Y. 
Renssel.\er Co., N. Y. 

Ulster Co., N. Y. 



Wm. E. Coffin, of Boston, treasurer ; Lewis L. Wadsworth, superintendent. IS 

C. A. Smith & Co., Danvers. C. A. Smith, manager, Danvers, Mass. 1831 

Abandoned, and machinery sold and carried away. 18 

Bay State Iron Company. Ralph Croker, manager. South Boston. 1847 

Norway Iron Company. Mr. Gogan, manager, South Boston. IS 

Weymouth Iron Company. Nahum Stetson, treasurer and agent, Bridgewater, Mass. 1836 

Philips & Sheldon, 269 Commercial Street, Boston. 1836* 

Lazell, Perkins & Co. Nahum Stetson, agent, Bridgewater, Mass. 1785* 

N. Russel & Co., Plymouth. N. Russel, manager, Plymouth, Mass. 1807 

Tremont Iron Company. Andrew S. Nye, superintendent, Tremont, Mass. 1843 

Lewis Kenney, J. H. Hall, George Gibbs, J. M. Kenney, owners. (Formerly J. B. 18 

Toby's.) Lewis Kenney, manager, Wareham, Mass. 1S54 

Caleb Sprague, agent ; Henry Boyd, manager, Parker Mills, Wareham, Mass. 18 

Agawam Nail Company. Samuel T. Tisdale, of New York, owner and manager. 1836 

Old Colony Iron Company. Crocker & Co., Taunton, Mass. 1820* 
Gosnold Mill Co. Wm. Philips, of New Bedford, treas. ; Lemuel Kullock, gen. sup't. 1855 

Fairbanks & Field of Taunton, owners ; Job Leonard, agent. Mount Hope, 5lass. 1857 

Richard Borden, tieasurer and agent, Fall River, Mass. 1822 

0. A. Washburn, Jun., agent, Providence, R. I. 1845 
Opposite the Providence R. M. Wm. Tolman & Co., agent. Providence, R. I. 

Quinsigamund Iron Company. Charles F. Washburne, agent, Worcester, Mass. 1847 

J. M. Huntingdon & Co.. Norwich. J. Mitchel, superintendent. 1812 

Philip Ripley, of Hartford, owner; T. G. Nock, lessee; G. Nock, manager. 1847 

Woltwater, secretary; Mr. Hawkins, superintendent. Opposite Derby Station. 

Stillwater Iron Company, 2 miles north of Stanford. Mr. Wicks, manager. 1835 

Holden & Co., owners ; Mr. Hicks, manager. Mianus P. 0., Conn. 1836 

Israel Davey ; Fairhaven, Rutland Co., Vermont. 1820* 

Rensselaer Iron Company. Jno. A. Griswold, agent. Troy, N. Y. 1847 

Corning, Winslow & Co. J. H. Jackson, agent. Troy, N. Y. 18 

Henry Burden, owner. Wm. F. Burden, agent. Troy, N. Y. 18 

J. & L. Tuckerman, N. Y., owners, John Simmons, manager. 1826 



N. B. — All *** mean, "more or less." 



3i. WHITE'S DOVER Furnace.— Situated 4 miles south of Dover Plains Station, 
Harlaem Railroad, 1 mile N. W. of Dover Furnace Station, and >i mile w-est of the 
railroad, in a notch of the mountain. (Blew in March, 1S47.) Uses one-fourth 
anthracite. Blast pressure from ^ to IK inch. Tubs 2, 5 by 6 ; 6 to 7 revolutions. 
Foss Ore-bank, 2 miles S. W. of furnace, and 1 mile W. of railroad. 1853, made 
1,326 tons. Makes principally foundi-y iron. No. i. and ii. Will blow out Feb. 1, 
1857, and blow in again in the autumn. Production taken from the books, but 
there is probably an error in the production of 1S55. 

35. BEEKMAN'S Furnace. — Situated 14 miles east of Poughkeepsie, in north 
part of town of Beekman. Nozzle of tuyeres, 3 inches, previous to Deo. 1856. 



Tubs 2, 4? by 6 ; 5 revolutions. Ore from banks, within 2 miles north of the fur- 
nace in Unionvale town, 40 — 50 per ct. ore. Charge, 250 lbs. anthracite to 10 bushels 
charcoal. For some years charcoal was scarce ; anthracite has to be carted 14 
miles ; the mixture is thought to strengthen the iron. Iron made chiefly, Wo. i., 
occasionally No. ii. Works damaged by freshet in Aug. of 1856. The present 
owners took them about Jan. 1, 1856. 

Beekman's foundry is 10 miles east of Po'keepsle. 

36. FISHKILL Furnace — Situated in the village of Hopewell, 15 mUes from 
Po'keepsie, and 6 miles east of Fishkill, in Fishkill Township. It formerly used 
some anthracite. 

J. P. LESLEY, Seceetaky. 



NOTES TO TABLE C. 



1. NASHUA Forge. — Situated on Railroad to Lowell, below the Nashua Depot, 
and in sight of it. Heating furnaces 9, burning 3,000 tons of Cumberland and 
Pictou a year. Nine of the forge fires are in use burning Cumberland coal. The 
hammers weigh 4,000 3,000, 1,500, two 1,200, and one 1,000 lbs. All steam-ham- 
mers. Two engines of 60 and 30 horse-power. The consumption of scrap was 
1000-1- for axles and cranks ; of old rail 300 +, and of foreign bar 450-1- for tyres. 
The production for 1854, '55, '56 was $163,000, $110,000, $114,000, from June to 
Nov. 1854, and from Dec. to May, 1855. The loss is 15 per ct. on account of the use 
of foreign iron. The works are now put on a footing to do $300,000 a year. The 
manufacture of wrought iron driving-wheels has lately been successfully com- 
menced here, for the first time in America ; sixteen wheels, equal to the English 
, had been made up to March 20. 

■ 2. WESTFORD Forge.—Situated at Forge Village on Stony Brook Railroad, 
7 miles from Lowell towards Groton. James Prescott, Superintendent, at Forge 
Village. Makes anchor-palms, and carriage-axles also. Has a capital of $21,000 ; 
makes about $10,000 worth of work. Three trip-hammers, driven by water. 
Three furnaces, two common fires. An old forge, making very good iron, has stood 
here, which passed into the present hands, 1S54, and was enlarged to its present 
dimensions. Near by, on Stoney Brook, Mr. Stark has a scythe factory. 

3. COMMERCIAL POINT Forge.—Situated 4 miles S. E. of Boston, on Commer- 
cial Point, Dorchester, K mile east of Old Colony Railroad. That marked pud- 
dling furnace is a charcoal or loop fire. There are six black.smith fires for heavy 
work ; four steam-hammers (3 Watt's and 1 Kirk's), and 1 trip-hammer. Coal 
consumed, 3,000 tons, half Cumberland, half Pictou. 2 steam-engines, 50 and 20 
horse-power. Make sugar-mill shafts, cranks, locomotive-cranks, &c. Has a large 
finishing-lathe, drilling-machine, &c. Makes beam-straps for steamboats and 
other forging. In 1854 and '55 it made 800 tons of raw and 650 tons of shaped 
iron. In 1856, 1,000 tons of forgings. 

4. HOLMES' ANCHOR Forge.— Situation ; No. 1, in Kingston, 1 mile S. W. of 
Kingston Depot on 0. C. R. R., 2 miles above the mouth of the Jones River, and 1 
mile above tide. Erected in 1792 as an edge-tool factory and turned to an anchor 
forge in 1800. No,. 2 is 3 miles distant, N. W. on the north side of the 0. C. E. R., 
% mile from Plyrnpton Depot, It is the oldest works in the country, erected 100 
years ago, and was first a forge for smelting iron-ore taken in the form of bog-ore 



out of Jones' pond, making poor iron, known at that day as Holmes' iron. The 
production of anchors and occasional other shapes, such as windlass shapes, &c. 
would not vary ten tons in a series of years from that given in the table. The 
consumption was given at 75 scrap, and 130 to 140 old rails. 

There are two tack mills in Kingston ; Thomas Russel's, 1 mile south of Holmes' 
Forge, and Thomas Bicknell & Stetson's, 1 mile to the eastward. These use up 
Bridgewater Rolling Mill work and neither roll nor forge for themselves. There 
is also an auger manufactory in Kingston ; and near it the shops of Bailey Si 
Drew ; both were formerly owned by one Company. 

6. TALCOTT'S Forge.—Situated 300 yards east of the station, on north side of 
railroad to Worcester. Makes 20 car-axles a day. Heating furnace, double. 
Steam-hammer, 1200 lbs. Engine drives blower. No pig nor casting borings used ; 
nothing but scrap, needing a high heat. Makes car-axles chiefly, heavy locomo- 
tive work, frames, &c. Hisj axles goto Bemess & Co.'s machine shop opposite, 
which has also a forge attached with one heating furnace and one trip-hammer, 
and 10 hand anvil fires ; doing no heavy work however since Dec. 1855. A year 
ago it passed out of Blanchard & Kimball's hands, re-commencing May 7, 1856, 
and stopping Feb. 1S56. They forge from English bar-iron. The Western Railroad 
shops in Springfield use up their own scrap into axles, making about half as 
much as Talcott, or 150 -f tons per annum. 

7. GLASTONBURY Forge.—Situated 6 to 8 miles below Hartford on the east 
bank of the Connecticut River. An old forge, and then a rolling-mill ; now an 
anchor and bar works. 

8. HUMPHREYSVILLE Forge.—Situated at Seymour, 6 miles above Derby, on 
the Naugatuck Railroad. Forges scrap-iron into blooms. One trip-hammer weighs 
1200 lbs., the rest are small. Two heating furnaces for car-axles ; the rest small. 

At Ansonia, 2 miles above Derby, on Naugatuck Railroad and River ; was for- 
merly very busy, but fires, and the death of Dr. Phelps have reduced its yield at 
present. It consumes bars ready made for axe-heads, much of the bars being 
English. It was burnt out a year ago and bought and rebuilt by the Novelty Co. 
It has 2 heating furnaces and 2 forge hammers, &c., 20 finishing forge-hammers, 
and makes perhaps 300 axes a day. 

C. Wooster's, in Seymour, is about as large as the Ansonia works ; has 2 heating 
furnaces and 2 hammers. 



JTOTE 10, 



79 



POLLING MILLS EAST OF THE HUDSON RIVER. 



1857. 



KUMBEE OP 



S ■ -S, • -^ - «»;_•« 

p: ra fc^TS rt - -p J2 ::2 « 

QfL, xP^ Kv: E- 2 S S 



Kind 

of 

joTver. 



COSSPMPTIOS IN lSo6. 



of of of Foreign 
pig. bloom, scrap, iron. 



PKODtJCTIOJf. 



1854. 

Wlcs. 



1855. 

Wks. 



1856. 

Wks. 



of manufactare. 



Pembroke Iron Co. 

Danvers I. Works. 

Glendon E. Mill. 
Bay State R. Mill. 
Norway Iron Co. 

Weymouth Works. 
East Bridgew. I. W. 
Bridgew. Iron Works. 
N. Russel & Co. I. W. 

Tremout Works. 
WoweantitE. M. No. 1. 
do. do. No. 2. 
Parker Mills, Nos. 1,2. 
Agawam Nail Works. 

Kinsley Iron Works. 
Old Colony Works. 
Gosnold Mills. 
Mt. Hope I. Co. Wks. 
Fall Eiver I. Works. 

Providence Iron Co. 
Amer. Horse Nail Co. 

. Quinsigamund Wks. 

, Cold Spring I. Works. 

Eipley Rolling Mill. 
Bir. I. and S. Works. 
StiUvcater I. Works. 



24. 

25. 
26. 

27. Greenivich I. Works. 

28, 



Falrbaven R. Mill. 
Rensselaer R. Mill. 
Albany Iron Works. 
Burden's Rolling Mill. 



32. Ulster Rolling Mill. 



ll" 6 



27 



Machinery removed. 
12 "■ " 



l2^ 

.. 4 

3 10 

2' 4 

1 7 
3' 2 

2 13= 
.. 5 



1 IS 
4 S« 



43 
1 

? 
2 
3 
3 

3 
2 
1 
3 

=2 



3 96 

0' .. 

2 40 

5 102 



32 

44 
23 

90 
32 



.. 3 

.. 3 

2" 42 

.. 5 

2' 2' 

2 4' 

2 1 

11 7 
30 10 
16's S' 



3 
3 

3 

4» 
2 



73 
33 



Water 

Steam 

Steam 
Steam 
Steam 

Water 
Water 
S. & W. 
Water 

Water 
S. & W. ; 
Steam ] 
Water 
Water 

Steam 
S. & W. 
Steam 
Steam 
S. & W. 

Steam 



S. &W. 

Water 

Water 
S. & W. 
S. & W. 

Water 

Water 
Steam 
S. & W. 
Water 

Water 



4,500 



11,351 



3,800 . . 
350* 800 



? 
8,323 



1,000 
? 



1,800 
500 



3,000 
1,200 



2,000 
300* 



2,500* 250* 250* 
5,600 



5,633 327 
3,500* .. 



1,600? 
1,100* 

3,27'7 
1,800* 



300 1,700* .. 
.. 1,500* .. 



900 
450 

1,050 



75 450 
2,000 .. 
1,100 . . 



150 
500* 



50 



5,12s .. 
15,000? 250* 1,500 
9,765 520 840 



15,000 



3,700 .. 4,000 .. 

Could not be ascertained. 

7,649 Ji46 

15,043 .. 14,582 .. 
2.500 ? . . 2,500 ? . . 



4,500 49 Bar iron, nails, spikes, rivets. 1 
Shapes and rods. 2 



4,100 . . 

2,000 ? '. '. 
550 45* 

4,707 „ 

? 802 26 

i 550* . . 

400 .. 

360 ? 

1,500 ? 
7,256* .. 



7,645 48 

1,000 31 
175* ., 

1,550* 52 

1,100* .. 

800 45 
1,800* .. 
1,200* 34 



3,800 .. 

2,660 ? '. '. 
400 31* 

4,123 .. 
1,725 52 

900* .. 

400 .. 

270 f 

2,264 48 
6,695* . . 



8,342 52 

3,950 48 
175* ... 

1,550* 52 

1,178 46 

4S0 46 
1,800* .. 
1,200* 34 



17,872 .. AllraUs. 
2,500* .. Rods. 

4,100 , . Nails ; a little forging. 
1,400 ? . . Nails and tack plates. 
2,000 ? . . Nails, machinery, forging, &c. 
500 40 ? Nails. 



3,254 . . Nails. 
2,061 52 Nails. 
1,200* . . Blooms. 

330 . . Cut nails and spikes. 

205 41* Nails. 



4,300 52 
175* .. 

1,650* 52 

1,143 38 

200? ? 
1,876 52 
1,100* 28 



Cut nails and spikes. 
Wrought nails. 

Wire, hoops, rods. 

Small iron. 



1,711 43 1,675 43 1,440 33 Rods and bars. 



500* 52 
3,427 31 
8,.558 52? 
8,000* 52 

4,000* 52 



500* 52 
9,714 39 
8,724 62? 
8,000* 52 

4,000* 52 



500* 52 

13,512 44 

12,953 52 

8,700 52 



Rails. 

Chiefly merchant iron. 

Merchant bar, nails, &c. 



4,000* 52 Merchant bar. 



lO 
ll 
12 
13 
14 



2,000 48 Merchant bar. Forge shapes. 15 

6,.o00 ? Nails, shovels, hoops. 16 

940 42 Hoop, some shapes. 17 

.. Not yet in operation. 18 

7,880 52 Nails, rods, hoops, plates. 19 



20 
21 

22 

23 



Nail rods, shapes, plates, steel. 24 

25 

Brazier and wire rods. 



26 

27 

28 
29 
30 
31 



N. B. — The small figures to the right and above the principal figure in the column express the number of furnaces, or trains of rolls in constant use. 

Corrections of the above table are earnestly re<iuested. 



Farrell's Foundry, in Amenia, casts all kinds of heavy machinery. 
There are two or three auger factories, of 100 tons per annum, in Seymour. 
Foundry and Machine-shop, for heavy mill-gearing, at Waterbury. F. Farrel, 
Agent for Foundry Co. 800 tons a year. $60,000. 40 men. 

9. ACKWOETH Forge. — Situated in Lincoln, on New Haven River, 12i^ miles 
from Vergennes City, Vt. Enlarged 1S43 and 1854, Has four charcoal ore-fires 
and two hammers for drawing out the loups. Consumption of ore in 1856, 1100. 
Market — Troy, New York, and Philadelphia. It requires 2 tons of ore for 1 ton of 
Iron. 

10. WHITE'S Furnace. — Situated on the Railroad from Rutland, 5 miles above 
the mouth of Otter Creek. This is the only one running of all the Vergennes 
bloomeries. 

11. FAIRHAVEN Forge. 

12. E. MIDDLEBURT Forge. 

13. SALISBURY Forge. 

These three forges make loup iron from Lake Champlain ore in open front fires, 
and draw it into bar under their tilt-hammers. (See note 28 under Table 1), p. 80.) 

14. COPAKE Forge. — Situated near theCopake Furnace near theCopake Station 
on Harlaem Railroad. Two dams on the Taghconic River; 2 wheels for the forge, 
one for the blast, and a Barker-wheel for the trip-hammer. At first, made gun- 
iron, but for the last three years has made "drafts" (axles, &c.) out of scrap 
wrought iron, not using any pig metal. Has one large heating furnace and one 
buffalo. Maljes axles with solid collars, wagon-axles and other small shapes. 
Forges with swedging dies. The waste, from scrap cut and piled to new bar, is from 
20 to 22 per cent. 

15. MOUNT RIGA Forges. — Situated near Mount Riga Furnace. Are scarcely 
ever in operation. Each forge has one puddling or chaffing fire, and one hammer 
for drawing bars and shafts, and four refining fires and four hammers, and one 
trip-hammer for small work. The forges refine, when at work, one ton a day and 
puddle three tons a day, using only the pig metal of Mount Riga Furnace. Their 
capacity is stated at 1200 tons. They use 70,000 bushels of charcoal for refining, 
and 1260 cords of wood for puddling. Made 300 tons in 1853. 

16. AMES' Forge. — Situated half a mile above Falls Village Station, Housatonic 
Railroad, west side Housatonic River. In 1S32, it was a small forge ; the works 
have been principally enlarged in the last ten years. They consist of two double 
and four single pudd. furn. Five heating furnaces for piles and one for tyre, and 
four swedging fires. Two Nasmyth hammers 5 and 2^ tons (6 and 3 with the 



dies on), and six heavy water trip-hammers. They work or sell their own scrap. 
The malie of the works has varied little the last three years. No time is lost, but 
sometimes double turns are made. The production is an estimate on the basis of 
33 per cent, loss of material. Make locomotive tyres, cranks, and axles, forgings 
of all kinds, connecting rods, &c., large shafts, car-axles, some bar-iron. 

17. CAKFIELD & ROBBINS'S Forge.— Situated in Falls Village, east side of the 
river, under the canal which was made some years ago to use the water of the 
high falls (70 feet) for a mile down the river ; never finished. Four water-ham- 
mers, three in use. Made 2000 axles, and a little over, last year. 

IS. SALISBURY CENTEE Forge.— Situated near the village of Salisbury Centre, 
two miles south from Chapenville Furnace, near the main road from Millerton to 
Hartford. Four heating and refining fires; two large and two smaller hammers. 
Water-power, Mount Eiga Creek. Use pig and do not bloom, but draw it into 
bars and shapes for government gun-works. Use 60,000 bushels of charcoal, and 
50 tons of Lehigh and Cumberland per year. 

19. WEST POINT Forge.— Situated at Cold Spring, on Hudson Eiver Railroad, 
3 miles above West Point Station, and half a mile from the Cold Spring Station, on 
east side of railroad. It has 3 heating furnaces, 26 fires and 3 hammers, one of 
seven tons. Consumes 6,000 tons of Lackawana, Lehigh, Richmond, and New 
Castle coal. Forges ordnance for the United States Government and heavy steam- 
engine, steamboat and machine work. 

20. FRANKLIN Forge. — Situated near the East Eiver, corner of Twenty-Sixth 
Street and First Avenue. Has one Merrick & Towne hammer, 7 tons ; two Na- 
smyth's, of 2>^ and 1>^ tons, and one Kirk. Make chiefly steam-engine heavy 
work. 

Tupper's Forge, at Sixteenth Street, has been out for more than 18 months, and 
nothing remains there but a Merrick hammer of similar proportions to the Frank- 
lin's. 

There is a new Forge on the North River, about Fifty-fourth Street, just started, 
by B. Danvers & Co., with one heavy hammer. 

N. B. — There are said to be, besides those given in the table, the following forges 
In Litchfield County, Conn. : EAST GROVE, Lawrence, Norfolk. NEW HART- 
FOED. N. B. STEPHENS'S Forge, West Norfolk. OLD ADAMS Forge, near Beck- 
ley Furnace (Tab. B, 15), owned by Geo. Adams, and started by Mr. Forbes. 

Omitted.— AhGEKS FOEGE. Alger and others ; E. Reed, manager. South Bos- 
ton ; 2 heating furnaces ; 1 train of rolls, 4 hammers ; made in 1856, 800 tons of 
forgings. BEIDGEWATEE FOEGE, see Notes to Tab. D, 8. KINSLEY, D. 15. 



NOTES TO TABLE D. 



1. PEMBROKE Rolling Mill.— Situated in Pembroke, Maine, 11 miles west of 
Eastport. Has also 1 ship spike machine, and 2 rivet machines. Soft coal used, 
8,000 tons ; hard, 250, in 1856. Two of the puddling furnaces are building (March, 
1857). 

2. DANVERS Eolling Mill.— Situated 2 miles northwest of Salem, Mass., on 
the main road to Danvers Neck and Village. Perhaps, 50 years old. Enlarged, 



1831. Has not made nails for 6 or 7 years. Almost the whole consumption is 
Swedish and Norway bars for slitting. Part of 1S56 they manufactured, for the 
first time, round iron. The scrap consumed was entirely old rails. 

3. GLENDON Eolling Mill. — Situated at East Boston. Stopped two months in 
1854, and ran two or three weeks in 1855 to use up the stock ; this product is 
thrown into 1854. The machinery has been sold off and the works abandoned. 



80 



4. BAT STATE Rolling Mill.— Situated on the shore of South Boston, east of the 
Blind Asylum. Remains unchanged as built, in two large square buildings, the 
rolling behind the puddling, the stoclt staclied in front and the rails delivered on 
the street in the rear. 12 double puddling furnaces Four steam-engines, 2 of 100, 
2 of 20, to blow and to roll and squeeze ; one Winslow and one alligator squeezer ; 
about putting up a steam hammer. Use some Lalie Champlain ore for lining fires. 
Pig iron from Port Henry, Lalie Champlain. The scrap in the table is all old rails. 
Coal used, ITj.'ie? tons, Pictou; 8,511 Cumberland ; 1,551 Lackawana. 

5. NORWAY IRON WORKS. Changed hands lately. 

6. WEYMOUTH Rolling Mill. — Four Works in one, situated in East Weymouth, 
No. 1, on the issue of Whitman's pond to Back River. Nos. 2 and 3 on Back 
River, on each side of the South Sliore Railroad at some distance from it, and No. 

4 in Wingham, Plymouth Co., just across the line. The Nail Factory at the wharf, 
No. 3, was erected in 1841. No. 1 has 4 double and 2 single puddling furnaces ; 
No. 2, one. No. 1 has 4 soft coal and 4 Lehigh coal heating furnaces (2 for nail 
plates), and No. 2, two hard coal for nail plates. No. 1 has three nail plate cut- 
ters, and No. 3, one. No. 1 has 4 wheels, a trip-hammer, a Winslow squeezer, and 

5 shears. No. 2 has 3 forge flres, 2 hammers, 3 wheels, and forges about 100 tons 
a year, which has been added to tlie product of nails in the table, which reads 
80,000, 74,000, and 80,000 casks ; the years end May 31. 

The consumption for 1854 was 1,200 tons of pig and casting, 2,700 tons of scrap. 
" " 1853 " 2,200 pig and 400 casting, 1,600 " 

" " 1856 " 3,800 pig and casting, 1,000 ore, 800 " 

The consumption of hard coal for 1857 will be about 1,000 tons, and soft coal 
6,000 tons. 

7. EAST BRIDGEWATER Rolling Mill.— Situated >^ mile ivest of Abingdon and 
Bridgewater Cross Branch Railroad (which joins the Old Colony and Fall River 
Railroads), at the depot, 3 miles north of Bridgewater Junction. The works run 
except when stopped by want of water or for repairs. Capacity, 800 kegs of nails 
per week, and an equal quantity of tack plate. Production conjectural, because 
given without reference to the books. Two water-wheels for squeezers and shears ; 
2 forge tires, 1 hammer. 

8. BRIDGEWATER Rolling Mill.— Situated on Abingdon and Bridgewater Cross 
Branch Railroad, one mile from Bridgewater Village. Three puddling furnaces 
are double. Three heating fires on soft coal, and 4 on hard; 2 in the steam mill 
and 2 in the tack mill. One train rolls tack plates. Forge attached has 2 runout 
fires, 7 forge fires, 5 hammers (one 3 ton Nasmyth, one Kirk,-&c.). Six water- 
wheels and 2 steam-engines drive the works, about eleven months of the year. 

9. N. RUSSELL & CO.'S Rolling Mill.— Situated in Plymouth, on the stream 
from Billington's Sea, a pond 8 miles long, 2 miles back from Plymouth. (The 
Plymoutli Mills Co. Rivet Mill (1845) is situated on the same water, >4 mile higher 
up, and draws its rivet rods cold, making about 225 tons of rivets per annum. 
Mr. Russell, Jr. is agent.) No squeezer, but a solidiron helve trip-hammer weigli- 
ing 4 tons. Production, given up to April 30, of each year, at 11,024, 8,000, 10,000 
casks. Consumption is three-fourths pig iron. Capacity, 12,000 casks. Seven 
years ago, the same Company owned tlie Eel River Nail Works (4 miles south, 
now a I)uck factory), also, aud made in both 30,000 casks and nails. 

10. TREMONT Rolling Mill.— Situated at the junction of the Cape Cod Railroad 
aud its branch to New Bedford, aud 3 miles north of Wareham ; 46 miles from 
Boston. An old nail factory stood here. The present Company raised the dam 
to 25 feet and re-erected the works in 1843. Four puddling furnaces are double. 
Two heating furnaces use Lehigh Coal, three heat plates in the plate mill, and four 
are only used occasionally for making merchant iron. Two trains are in the plate 
mill ; 16 nail machines are in the small mill, 3-8 mile below on the same water. 
The works have one squeezer. Coal consumed, soft, 5,000 tons, half Pictou, half 
Cumberland; 500 Lehigli. Formerly, more scrap was used and less pig; no 
blooms have been used for a year or two. Capacity, 100,000 kegs a year ; less, 
latterly. Never made many shapes. Hoop Mill attached, which ran for a time, 
but has done nothing for more than a year. Production to May 31 '35, 94,138; 
to May 31 '56, 82,467 ; to March 1 '57, 48,801 kegs. 

11. WEWEANTIT Rolling Mill, No. 1.— Situated, }i mile west of Weweantit 
Depot, Cape Cod Railroad, 4 miles north of Wareham Village or " Narrows," 
and 1 mile south of Tremont junction of New Bedford Branch. 

12. WEWEANTIT, No. 2.— Situated on the shore at Wareham Narrows, }i mile 
south of Wareham Depot. Upper works very old. Revived in April, 1854. 

No. 2 has 2 double furnaces, 1 alligator squeezer, and 1 hammer. Connected 
with it is a foundry and heavy machine shop, at which Winslow squeezers, &c., 
are made. 

No. 1 uses steam only when water fails. Consumption of coal, 1856, 2,500* tons 
Pictou and Cumberland ; 500* tons Lehigh. The scrap iron was made into blooms 
at the lower works. The nails made were 16,030, 34,490, 41,229 casks. Began 
July 1854, to make nails. The blooms of 1854 were made at an upper bloomery. 
which was afterwards moved down to the shore. Capacity 800 casks a week all 
the year. Annual present complement of pig iron 1,500 tons. 

13. PARKER Rolling Mill.— Situated, No. 1, the Railworks, at the depot, 1 mile 
from Wareham ; No. 2, the rolling and puddling works, 1^ miles north of the 
depot. Here Mr. Boyd superintends. 

14. AGAWAM Rolling Mill. — Situated },^ mile north of Agawam Depot on Cape 
Cod Railroad. Built, 1836 ; rebuilt, 1842 ; enlarged, 1819, at which time the Glen 
Rolling Mill was added. This lies 2% miles further north, aud was intended 
merely to increase the make ; it has not been used for nearly a year. Both use 
the water from Halfway Pond, a large natural reservoir. Three puddling furnaces 
are double. Four heating furnaces and one train are at the Glen, and only occa- 
sionally used. Coal consumed 3,500 to 4,000 tons, half hard. The pig iron is 
balled, squeezed, and rolled ; cut up, billeted, reheated, and reroUed. The New 
England mills are falling into this method of using pig to supply the deficiency 
of scrap. Worked 4 days in the week in 1856. 

13. KINSLEY Rolling Mill.— Uses 3,000 tons Pictou and some Cumberland 
Foundry. Machine shop. FORGE has 6 hammers. 

16. OLD COLONY Rolling Mill.— Situated part in Taunton, part in Raynham, 
on two sides of the Taunton River and New Bedford branch of Providence Rail- 
road, 4 miles southeast of Taunton Village. Present works erected 1844 Con- 
sist of nail plate rolling mill, tack plate, do. ; hoop mill not in use ; nail factory 
and shovel factory. Four double and four single puddling furnaces Three 
trains contain nine rolls for plate. Made, 1854, '33, 117,000 kegs of nails, 3 334 
dozen shovels, 1,000 tons tack plate, 356 tons hoop. In 1855, '36, made 106'oOO 
kegs of nails, 6,2:^3 dozen shovels, 1,100 tons tack and shovel plate,' and 193 hoop 
In 18o6, probably as much ; but the year terminates in June. The consumption 
of pig was about 5,600 tons, all puddled. Besides this, it blooms up scrap and 
foreign bar, the quantity of which it was considered too troublesome to give 
Coal, 1856, 2,000* hard ; 7,000* soft. 



17. GOSNOLD Rolling Mill— Situated at the upper end of New Bedford City, 
extremity of Second Street. Commenced March, 1856. Made, to March, 1857, 1,030 
tons, mainly hoops, and 100 tons of shapes. Capacity, 100 tons per month hence- 
forth. Coal consumed, about 1 ton of Lehigh to 1 ton of iron. Of the heating 
furnaces, one is a busheling fire for heating sheets ; one for billets ; one for billets 
and hoops. Of the rolls, one is for billets, one for hoops, one for shapes, and a 
fourth for wire, is to be added immediately. 

18. MOUNT HOPE Rolling Mill.— Situated 3 miles north of Fall River. 

19. FALL RIVER Rolling Mill.— Situated in Fall River, at the foot of the hill 
below the depot. There is also a foundry and machine shop. The works were 
moved and rebuilt in 1842(?) and enlarged in 1846(?). Four puddling furnaces are 
double. Coal consumed, 12 to 13,000 tons Cumberland, and 1,000* Lackawana 
anthracite. The consumption of pig iron for the last ten years had been 6 to 
7,000 tons per annum ; 3, .500 to 4,000 tons of scrap ; 3 to 4,000 tons of blooms and 
Pennsylvania billets for wire in the wire mill, mostly for other parties. Capacity 
of nail mill, 10,000 casks per mouth, 110 to 115,000 per year ; 1 e. 5,.500 tons nails, 
and 3,000 tons other iron. (See statistics handed in to I5oard of Trade, Boston, for 
1856.) 

Nails made in 1854, 93,909 kegs; in 1855, 108,339 kegs; in 1856, 103,593 kegs. 
Hoop and rod iron made in 1834, 2,850 tons ; in 1855, 2,925 tons ; in 1856, 2,700 
tons. 

20. PROVIDENCE Rolling Mill.— Situated at the corner of India Street, south 
point of City of Providence, one mile from depot, west side of river. Erected, 
1845, for a rail mill by the New England Company. Made rails until 1848, when 
the Providence Iron Company was incorporated and turned it into a spike and 
nail mill. The present proprietors took it in 1854, since when, it has made cut- 
nails, and rolled some wrouglit nail plate from foreign bar for the American 
Horse Nail Company. Works, opposite. Four of the puddling furnaces are dou- 
ble. It has 1 Winslow and 2 alligator squeezers ; 3 egg and 3 cylinder boilers to 
feed 3 steam-engines of 200 average horse-power. Capacity, 80,000 casks of nails. 
Production from 1 June to 1 June, 53,000, 83,000, 86,000 (the last anticipated to 1 
June, 1857.) Coal consumed, 7,000 soft, mostly Pictou ; 1,000 Lehigh. Started 
June 1, 1854. Pig from Philadelphia, Pa. 

21. AMERICAN Rolling Mill.— The rolling and heating for this mill is done at 
the Providence Works opposite. It gets also plates from New York and else- 
wliere. It occupies itself with making tho nails. 

Corliss &, Nightingale, at the nortli side of Providence, make steam-engine 
boilers, &c., and forge some of their own iron. 

Thurston, Gardiner & Co., near the rolling mill, making marine engines, &c.' 
forge for themselves. 

22. QUINSIGAMUND Rolling Mill.— Situated on Providence and Worcester Rail- 
road, 2 miles from Worcester, and on Blackstone River at the forks. Makes wire 
rods, brazier rods, small hoops, but no bar iron. Makes 300 tons of hoop, 250 of 
rod, 3 tons a day of wire or 1,000 a year, the average of three years past, with very 
little fluctuation and no loss of time. Consumes American scrap, 1,700;* North- 
ern New York blooms 200 tons, and Pennsylvania bar 100 tons. Engine, 70 horse- 
power. The 30 in the table are not nail machines, but "blocks," or frames for 
drawing the wire cold. 

N. B. — Quinsigamund was the Indian name of the central region of Massachu- 
setts. 

The Worcester Car-wheel shop makes 200 car-wheels a day, worth $1,600 ; and 
has lately had a contract from England for 600. Cast-iron wheels are said to be 
superseding wrought iron wheels on the Canada Railroads. 

23. COLD SPRING Rolling Mill.— Situated l^i( miles below Norwich City on the 
west side of the Thames River. Burnt and re-erected 1846. Two heating furnaces 
are double. One train roughs. Consumes 2,000 tons of Lehigh coal ; no soft coal. 
Capacity, 5)^ tons a day. 

24. RIPLEY Rolling Mill. — Situated at Windsor Locks, on Connecticut River 
and Canal, 12 miles above Hartford, and >^ mile south of the railroad depot. 
Market, country consumption and New Y'ork. Canal water privilege 32 feet fall. 
3 converting steel furnaces, erected in 1849 and 1851. Make blister and spring 
steeh In 1854, made 100 tons of B. and S. steel. In 1833, 480 tons of nail rods, 
shoe shapes, tack plates and various sizes of rod iron and corking steel. Con- 
sumed, in 1853, .55 tons of bloom, 73 of scrap, and 450 of Swedish iron. Coal, 383 
tons hard and 183 soft. The consumption and production in 1856 are understood 
to be small, but the present lessees were unwilling to state it ; the numbers in the 
table are, therefore, purely conjectural. Previous to 1855, the works had pro- 
duced 10 to 1200 tons per annum, being about their fair capacity. In 1855, they 
were run under the lightest force possible to meet orders, and but 10 hours a day. 

25. BIRMINGHAM Rolling Mill.— Situated opposite the Naugatuck Railroad, 
Derby Station, }^ mile west across the river. Three double puddling furnaces. 
One train to be put up in 1857. Connected in a machine shop, making 4 tons of 
axles and 4 tons of springs a day. Also, a steel convertory, making 30 tons of 
steel in 10 days. One steam-engine of 70 horse-power. Consumes 6,000 tons of 
Cumberland coal, yearly, for the last three years, and 600 Lehigh. Pig iron con- 
sumed K Salisbury; % Lake Cliamplain. Product from July 1, 1855, to July 1, 
1856, 819 tons axles, 677 tons springs, 1,336 tons merchant iron, 320 tons spring steel. 
One month lost. This is the average for 3 years. 

N. B. — There is a Birmingham Iron Foundry. S. Bassett, President. 

26. STILLWATER Rolling Mill.— Situated on Mill River, 2 miles north of village. 
Originally a forge ; afterwards an axe factory. Its wire mill is 3 miles further up 
the same stream. Its two trains are for billets and rods. It has 2 steel converting 
fires, and one steel train. Its consumption of 450 tons is of pig and cast-iron 
borings, shavings from machinery, lathes, &c. It makes brazier rods 5-8 to 3-16 ; 
wire i-ods 7-16 to No. 5 or 3-16. 

N. B. — There was once a mill in Stamford Village, but some years ago it was 
converted into a foundry, and last year all the flasks and machinery were sold 
and the place abandoned. 

27. GREENWICH Rolling Mill.— Situated on stream 3 miles west of Stamford 
Village, in Greenwich Township. Always has been a rolling mill, and with little 
alteration. Trains of rolls are for merchant bar, rods, nails, and slitting. Coal 
consumed 500 tons Lehigh ; in 1856, 1,150 tons Cumberland. Consumption of Con- 
necticut and New Jersey pig metal, 250 ; cast-iron borings, 800 (700 in 7 months). 
Budd's New Jersey blooms, 50 ; Juniata billets for rolling down, 100 ; Norway 
bar, 1,000 ; scrap, 50. Production, 1854, 936 tons nail rods ; 160 wire rods, 1.50 
merchant bar, .300 square spike iron, 87 stove rods. In 1835, 780 rolled square' and 
round iron; 895 nail rods and shapes, cut from Norway and Swedish bars. In 
1836, 687 square and round iron, 733 nail rods and wire rod. 

28. FAIRHAVEN Rolling Mill.— Situated on Whitehall and Rutland Railroad, 
16 miles west of Rutland, and 6 miles west of Castleton junction, with the Rutland 
and Washington Railroad, and in front of the Village of Fairhaven. Here has 
been an old nail mill for 30 or 35 years, and a forge run by the late Mr. Davey 



* More or less. 



81 



U01T by liis soa Israel Davey. The rolling mill makes nail plates, marble saw- 
blades, horseshoe rods and a little merchant iron of superior quality, out of the 
hammered bars which the bloomery forge alongside makes in its two loup fires 
uader one tilt hammer, from St. Lawrence or Champlaiu ore. The one train of 
rolls consists of 5 pairs. The small nail factory attached contains 6 nail and 6 in. 
spike machines. The forge runs double turns, 2 tons a day, or 500 to 600 tons 
a year. 1,000 kegs of nails made a mouth, = 550 tons. The bloomery has made 
400 tons a year for three years, and with the Salisbury aud E. Middlebury, it has 
been making for the last six months at the rate of 1,000 tons of hammered bars a 
year. 

29. EENSALAER Rolling Mill.— Situated at the south end of the city of Troy, 
between the railroad and the river. Built, 1845, '46, as the Troy Rolling Mill ; 
bought 1S53 by the Eensalaer Co. for rolling rails. The production for 18.54 is got 
by adding one-eighth to the number of blooms used that year. The production of 
1855 was all rails except 865 tons of merchant bar, and of 1856 all rails except 
862 tons merchant bar. The consumption in 18.34 was 1,483, and, in 1S.55, 4,1.51 
tons of pig- Coal consumed, 1856, 14,000 tons of Cumberland and Blossburg ; 6,000 
Lackawana ; 18,000 semi-bituminous, Alleghany Mountain, Pa. Capacity, 15,000 
tons of rails. 

30. ALBANY Rolling Mill. — Situated near the Hudson River, and Iron Works 
Station of Greenbush and Troy Railroad, at the mouth of the 'Wynantskill, 2 miles 
south of Troy. Has 60 nail, 11 spike, 2 rivet machines, and 2 hammers for rail- 
road axles, and a machine for wrought-iron chairs. No. 1 is the main steam mill, 
has 4 trains of rolls and 2 tilt-hammers and chair machine, with seven steam- 
engines of 250 aggregate horse-power, a machine shop, turning lathe for rolls, &c. 
No. 2, the star forge, in the form of a Greek cross, has 18 furnaces (12 up), one 
train (for puddle bars only, to be used in No. 1), two steam-engines, 1.50 and 12 
horse-power, shops, &c. No. 3, the old mill rebuilt, water-power, three trains for 
nail plates and steel; merchant iron aud spring steel and slitting rods ; 2 hammers 
in an axle factory, making axles, sleigh shoes, and crow-bars. Consumption, 67 
to 70 tons of pig and 5 to 6 tons of scrap per day ; 20,000 tons of coal, 3 to 4,000 
of which is Pittston anthracite, the rest Cumberland and Blossburg, and some 



Pictou. A thousand tons of Alleghany coal (Blair Co., Pa.), was consumed last 
year. No. 1 mill also uses up 3 to 400 tons of charcoal bars. In 1856 used 250 
tons of charcoal blooms ; formerly as much as .500. No. 3 uses 400 tons of Nor- 
way or Swedish iron for spring steel, squares, toe-corks, horse-nail rods, &c. 
The works consume also 4,000 tons of Lake Champlaiu magnetic ore, coarse, for 
lining the puddling furnaces, and fine for puddling. No. of men employed 600 in 
1856. Works have three dams on the Wynantskill, and 5 wheels. Production in 
gross tons, 7,641, 7,789, 11,566. These are converted in the table into net tons. 
They do not include iron purchased and worked up, in the form of charcoal blooms, 
Sweden and Norway iron for steel, &c. North American bar iron, large quanti- 
ties of which are consumed yearly in the works. They include only the produc- 
tion from the crude material. Iron made — railroad, ship, and boat spikes of all 
sizes aud form of head ; railroad, car, and truck axles ; railroad iron, wrought-iron 
chairs, carriage and wagon axles ; rolled iron of all shapes and sizes ; bar and 
spring steel, crow-bars, boiler-rivets, cut-nails and spikes, all sizes ; steel sleigh- 
shoes. 

31. BURDEN'S Rolling Mill.— Situated on the Wynantskill, half a mile east of 
the Hudson, 2 miles south of Troy. Its breast-wheel, 60 feet in diameter and 22J^ 
feet in face, is remarkable. The puddling is done on an upper platform, and the 
blooms thrown down upon the floor of the rolling room. In other parts of the 
works is a horseshoe bending and moulding machine. 

32. ULSTER Rolling Mill — Situated on west bank of Hudson, at Saagertie's, 
opposite Tivoli Station, 22 miles above Rhynbeck. Joseph Tuckerman, 106 Wash- 
ington St., New York. The works were flooded and stopped by the late great 
freshet ; but will start again in the summer. Built 1825 or 1826 ; a six-inch train 
added in 1833. Has one ball or scrap furnace, and one English hammer of 5 tons 
weight. No scrap consumed but what is made. Make from three-sixteenths to 4 
inches rounds; flats from J^X>2 to 7X1 ; fine hoops from 18 inch wire gauge to 
23 incli wire gauge ; band iron from 2 inch No. 12 wire gauge to 6 inch No. 7 wire 
gauge ; square iron from three sixteenths to 4 inch square ; axe iron 3X1 and 
3X1 >4'; octagon and oval iron }i round iron; lock iron; car tyre; sash iron, &c. 



It will be seen from the following table — constructedout of the tables "prepared ] branches of the iron manufacture, the making of ploughs and other agricultural 
from oflicial returns, by Francis De Witt, Secretary of the Commonwealth" of machines, cotton, woolen and other machinery (not engines), fire engines, railroad 
Massachusetts, and published at Boston in 1856 under the title of "Statistical In- I cars, coaches, wagons and sleighs, aud fire-arms, employed a capital of $3,755,570 ; 
formation relating to certain Branches of Industry in Massachusetts for the year j produced manufactures to the value of $7,647,900 ; and kept in occupation 6,991 
ending June 1,18.55" — that the capital invested in the various branches of the | hands, or supported directly .35,000 people. Although the statistics thus published 
actual iron manufacture in that State, including tools and locks, steam engines i contain many errors and omissions, there is no reason to doubt that we have in 
and boilers, and tin ware, amounted to $9,939,085 ; the value of the manufactures ! this an approximation to the real extent of the iron interest of Massachusetts in 
to $18,826,903 : and the number of hands employed to 13,051, equal to 50,000 per- 1 1854-5. 
sons directly dependent on the manufacture. It appears also that the collateral I • J. P. L. 



Iron Manvfactures of Massachusetts in 1855. Selected from official reports. 























MANDFACTORIES OF 








Blast fur- 


Forgiugs. 


Rolling aud 






Screw 






-^ __ ,^^^_ 




^^ 


COUSTIES. 


naces. 


Anchors, 


slitting 


Nail mills. 


manufac- 




Axes, hat- 






Shovels 


Ploughs, 






Pig iron. 


cables, &c. 


mills. 






tories. 




chets, and 


Cutlery. 


Scythes. 


and 




















edge tools. 






hoes. 








Fur- 










Tons not 


Nail ma- 


Tons of 


Gross of 




Tons of 




Num- 












Num- 






naces. 


Tons. 


Forges. 


Tons. 




nails. 


chines. 


nails. 




screws. 




tacks &c 




ber. 












ber. 


Barnstable . 








14 


50 


2 




15 


200 








100 




3,000 














Berkshire 




8 


21,816 




















1 




3,300 








2 


4 




Bristol . 








i 


250 


8 


3,365 


246 


11,365 


1 


406,000 


11 


1,940 




1,300 








4 






Dukes . 












































Essex . 




9* 




99 


liss 


1 


1,000 


6 














6,000 














Franklin 






























7,600 


3 


2 


340 


2 


4 


155 


Hambden 








5 


81 
















9 








1 


14,000 


1 


2 


13,984 


Hampshire . 








7 






















51,900 




1 


6,000 


I 


1 


30 


Middlesex 








2 


8 


3 


2,244 





1,200 


It 










2,000 


2 


1 


24,000 


2 


3 


6,130 


Nantucket . 








11 


36 










.. 
























Norfolk 








36 


2360 


6 


2,000 


104 


4,800 






2 


108 


2 


313 


4 






2 






Plymouth . 








20 


1063 


23 


2,275 


407 


16,872 


.. 




12 


742 


2 


62,000 








5t 


i 


25 


Sufi-olk . 








3 


1750 


3 


22,000 














1 


2,000 


2 








1 


2,200 


Worcester 








8 


10 


3 


.3,050 


5 


120 






■• 




8 


650,800 


3 


7 


137,940 


2 


6 
22 


130,162 




Total . 


17 


21,816 


206 


6746 


49 1 35,934 


788 


34,557 


2 1 400,000 


28 


2,900 


26 


790,213 


14 


12 


182,280 


21 


152,686 


Total value of 


manufactures 


$641,540 


$915,980 


$2,725,850 


$2,78 


6,966 


$180,000 


$621,212 


$626,654 


$573,625 


$ 


120,532 


$894,515 


$707,175 


Total capital invested . 


567,400 


739,600 


$2 


342,825 




120,000 


288,950 


409,860 


-398,200 


66,000 


408,075 


189,3005 


Total No. of men employed 


323 


547 




3,025 




230 


370 


484 


705 


144 


683 


433 



Barnstable 

Berkshire 

Bristol . 

Dukes . 

Essex 

Franklin 

Hambden 

Hampshire 

Middlesex 

Nantucket 

Norfolk 

Plymouth 

Suffolk . 

Worcester 



Total . '. 
Total value of manufactures 
Total capital invested . 
Total No. of men employed 



MANUFACT0RES OF 



Other 

agricultural 

implements. 



40,000 



109,3.30 

20,000 

13,200 

100 



187,630 
$56,805 



Locks. 



26,250 



Cotton, wool 

en, and other 

machinery. 



5 
1 

18 



1 
22 
33 



7 26,250 

$66,700 

24,500 

84 



109 
$4,089,590 
2,484,000 
3,740 



Steam en- 
gines and 
boilers. 



Fire 
engines 



1 
5 
1 

5 

'4 
1 

17 
I 



44 

$3,2.55,000 

2,099,500 

2,638 



40 



I 40 
$.30,000 



R. R. cars, wa- 
gons, coaches, 
sleighs, &c. 



No. of shops. 

1 

27 

42 

78 
14 
14 
17 
61 
3 
35 
33 
28 
64 



425 
$2,352,955 
949,770 
2,491 



FOUNDRIES. 



Hollow 
ware. 



Fur- 
naces. 
1 
10 
12 

'7 

2 

6 

3 
10 



17 

8 

15 



Tons. 
350 
590 

44,390 

3', 510 
250 

3,384 
285 

7,115 

5,410 
2,293 
7,722 
9,810 



100 S.3,109 

$3,256,538 

1,613,600 

2,276 



Iron rail 

ings, fences, 

and safes. 



No. of shops. 



23 

$656,400 

239,600 

371 



Can- 
non. 



No 



1 119 

$54,151 

50,000 

40 



Manufacture 
of fire-arms. 



No. of 
shops. 



1 

2 

13 



60 
350 



20,000 
"50 



350 
27,300 



24 48,110 
$391,475 
132,500 
282 



Shops 
18 
13 
27 

1 
39 

7 
12 
10 
63 

5 
31 
15 
51 
48 



340 

$1,451,240 
570,975 
1,131 



* All in Beverly, but no particulars given. 

X One establishment in W. Bridgewater is engaged on shovels that are finished in Easton. 



t Manufactures nuts and screws. 

§ Includes " other agricultural implements." 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of th«' 
United States in and for the Eastern District of tlie State of Pennsylvania. 



82 



TABLE E— FURNACES 

BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION, 



CHARCOAL AND COKE. 

No. 141 SOUTH EIGHTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 



SITPATIOJig. 



0WNEK3' AND MANAGERS' ADDRESS. 



DATE OP ERECTION. 



1. S. NEW YORK AND N. NEW JERSEY. 



S7. Greenwood, No. 1. 

38. Southfield. 

39. Sterling, No. 2. 

40. Freedom. 

41. Pompton. 

42. Wawayanda. 

43. Franklin.* 

4i. Oxford. 



Oranse Co., N. Y. >^ mile E. of Greenwood Station, Erie B. R. Rob't P. & Peter P. Parrott, owners. P. P. Parrott, manager. 1811, '25 
Orange Co., N. Y. X mile W. of Southfield Station, Erie R. R. Peter Townsend & Co., 42 Pine St., New Yorli City. 1800,* '39 

Orange Co , N. Y. 4 miles W. of Sloatsburg Station, Erie R. K. P. T. & Co. Sloatsturg P. O., Rockland Co., N. Y. 1847 



Passaic Co., N. J. 
Passaic Co., K. J. 
Sussex Co., N. J. 
Sussex Co., N. J. 



5 miles N. of Pompton. Peter M. Ryerson, Pompton P. 0., Passaic Co., N. J. 1838 

24 miles N. W. of New York. Wra. C. Vreeland and others, Bergen Pt., Hudson Co., N. J. 1837 

15 miles W. of Sterling. Oliver Ames & Sons (N. Easton, Mass.), J. A. Brown, manager. 1S45 

18 miles north of Dover. N. Jersey Franklinite Co. Jas. H. Holdane, president, 84 Washington St., N. Y. 1770, 1854 

1740* 



Warren Co., N. J. 8 miles S. E. of Belvidere. Chas. Scranton, owner and manager. Oxford P. O , Warren Co. , N. J. 



2. SOUTHEASTERN BELT OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



45. Lehigh. 

46. Maria. 

47. Ponnsville. 

48. Hampton, No. 1. 

49. Mary Ann. 

50. Oley. 

51. Sally Ann. 

.52. Mount Laurel. 

53. Maiden Creek. 

54. Mount Penn. 

55. Hampton, No. 2. 
5S. Joanna. 

57. Hopewell. 

58. Warwick. 

59. Elizabeth. 

60. Mount Hope. 

61. Colebrook. 

62. Cornwall. 

63. Manada. 

64. Georgianna. 

65. Rock. 

66. Conowingo. 

67. York. 

68. Margaretta. 

69. Chestnut Grove. 

70. Carlisle. 

71. HoUey. 

72. Pinegrove. 

73. BigPoud. 

74. Cumberland. 
7.5. Caledonia. 

76. Mont Alto. 

77. Carrick. 

78. Valley. 

79. Franklin. 

80. Warren. 



Lehigh Co. 16 miles N. W. of AUentown. Balliets's heirs. Levan & Balliets, lessees, N, Whitehall. A. Balliet, manager. 1826 

Carbon Co. 2 miles N. E. of Weissport. S. Balliot & Co. S. Balliot, manager, Weissport, Carbon Co. 1834, '45 

Carbon Co. 4 miles S, W. of Lehighton. Stephen Balliet's heirs. John Balliet, North Whitehall, Lehigh Co., Pa. 1837, '.53 



Lehigh Co. 12 miles S. W. from AllontoWn. Fred. Sigmund & Co., Hereford P. O., Berks Co., Pa. 

Berks Co. 20 miles N. E, of Reading, Horace Trexler, owner. Doctor E. Trexler, manager, Longswamp P. O. 

Berks Co. llf^ miles N. E. of Reading. Murkels & Levan. Samuel Murkels, manager, Pricetown, Berks Co., Pa. 

Berks Co. 16 miles N. E. of Reading. Jac. V. R. Hunter, Reading. J. N. Hunter, manager, Dreysville P. O., Berks Co., Pa. 

Berks Co. 6 miles N. N, E. of Reading. W. H. Clymer & Co., Reading, Berks Co., Pa. 

Berks Co. 20 miles N. of Reading. Geo. Merkle, Leonardsville, Berks Co., Pa. 



1809 
1797 
1770 
1791 
1836 
1854 

1827 
1846 
1794 
1759 
1736 



Berks Co. 4 miles W. of Reading. Shatter & Kaufi'man, Reading, Berks Co , Pa. 

Berks Co. 2 miles S. of Birdsboro. E. & G. Brooke, Birdsboro, Berks Co. Pa. 

Berks Co. 12 miles S. S. E. of Reading. Wm. Darling, Levi B. Smith, B. H. Smith, & Wm. D. Smith. 

Berks Co. 5 miles S. of Douglassville. Clingan & Buckley, Hopewell Furnace, Berks Co., Pa. Dr. Clingan, maattger. 

Chester Co. 10 miles S. W. of Pottstown. David Potts, Jun., Warwick Furnace P. O., Chester Co., Pa. 

Lancaster Co. 14 miles N. of Lancaster. G. D. Coleman, Lebanon. Augustus Boyd, manager. 17.56 

Lancaster Co. 15 miles N. of Lancaster. Ed. B. & A. Bates Grubb, owners. Wm. Boyd, man., Mt. Hope P. 0., Lan. Co., Pa. 1785 

Lebanon Co. 10 miles S. S. W. of Lebanon. Wm. Coleman. 1745 

Lebanon Co. 6 miles S. of Lebanon. R. W. Coleman, Lebanon, Lebanon Co., Pa. 1745 
Dauphin Co. 13 m. N. E. llarrisburg E. B. Grubb (Burlington, N. J.) & C. B. Grubb (Lancaster), o'rs. J. Care, naan., W. Hanover. 1837, '39 

Dauphin Co. 1)4 miles above Dauphin. Lewis Heck, M. D., owner and manager, Dauphin, Dauphin Co., Pa. 1854 

Lancaster Co. 12 miles S. W. of Penuingtonville. 1832 

Lancaster Co. 16 m. S. S. E, of Lancaster. J. M. Hopkins, owner and manager. 1809* 

Y'ork Co. 1 mile below Colemanville. J. Bair & Co. (Hopkins & Bair, lessees ) John Bair, manager. 1830 
York Co. 4% miles S. of Wrightsville. Himes & Hahn (Thos. Himes, lessee and manager.) 1823;* '37 

Adams Co. Halfway between Carlisle and Gettysburg. Chas. Wharton, Jr. 1830 

Cumberland Co. i)4 miles S. E. of Carlisle. Peter F. Ege, owner and manager, Boiling Springs P. 0., Cumberland Co., Pa. 1815 

Cumberland Co. 6 miles S. of Carlisle. (Torn down and converted to a paper-mill.) 1795 ' 

Cumberland Co. 14 miles S. W. of Carlisle. W. M. Watts. 1770 

Cumberland Co. 6 miles E. of Shippensburg. Schoch, Sons & Co. Isaac S. Matthew, manager. 1836 

Cumberland Co. 10 miles S. W. of Carlisle. Thos. C. Miller (Dickenson, Cumberland Co.), owner. 1794 

Franklin Co., Pa. 10 miles E. of Chambersburg. Thaddeus Stephens's heirs. Henry Sloat, manager. 1837 

Franklin Co., Pa. 9 miles S. E. of Chambersburg. Holker Hughes, Mont Alto P. 0., Franklin Co., Pa. 1807 

Franklin Co., Pa. 4 miles S. S. W. of Fannetsburg. J.R.Brewster. S. Walker, lessee. Wm. Noonan, man., FannetsburgP. O. 1828 

Franklin Co., Pa. 2 miles N. of Loudon. J. Beaver, owner. J. Polsgrove, lessee and manager, Loudon P. O. 1822? 

Franklin Co., Pa. 10 miles N. W. of Chambersburg. B. Phreaner's heirs. St. Thomas P. 0. (Campbelltown). 18 
Franklin Co., Pa. In Warren, li^ m. fr. State line. W. Bowers's heirs. R. Lewis & Co., lessees, Sylvan P. 0. A. Neill, agt., Hancock. 1833? 



3. EASTERN MARYLAND. 



81. Principio. 
82 Lagrange. 
83. Sarah. 

81. Harford. 

8.>. Locust Grove. 

86. Gunpowder. 

87. Chesapeake, No. 1. 

88. Chesapeake, No. 2. 

89. Cedar Point, A. 

90. Cedar Point, B. 

91. Maryland, No. 1. 

92. Maryland, No. 2. 

93. Laurel. 

94. Cecilia. 

9.5. Patuxent, No. 1. 

96. Patuxent, No. 2. 

97. Elk Ridge. 

98. Muirkirk. 

99. Elba. 

100. Catoctin, No. 1. 

101. Catoctin, No. 2. 

102. Antietam. 

103. Greenspring. 



Cecil Co., Md. Baltimore R. R., 3 miles E. of Susquehanna. Jos. & Geo. P. Whitaker, of Philad. G. P. Whitaker, manager. 
Harford Co., Md. 30 miles N. of Baltimore. Rogers & Son, of Pittsburg. Jarrettsville P. 0., Harford Co., Md. 
Harford Co., Md. 21 miles N. of Baltimore. P. A. & S. Small, York, Pa. A. P. McCombs, manager. 

Harford Co., Md. Bait R. R., 23 miles N. E. of Baltimore. Richard Green, Cockeyville. Wm. Carmell, manager. 
Baltimore Co., Md. Bait. R, R., Stemmer's Run Station. Robert Howard, of Baltimore. Geo. R. Borroughs, Stemmer's Run P. 
Baltimore Co., Md. Turnpike, 14 miles E. of Bait. Bobert Howard, of Bait. John S. Hawes, man., Little Gunpowder P. O. 



Baltimore Co., 
Baltimore Co., 
Baltimore Co., 
Baltimore Co., 
Baltimore Co., 
Baltimore Co, 
Baltimore Co. 
Baltimore Co.j 



Md. 

Md. 

Md. 
, Md. 
, Md. 
, Md. 

Md. 

Md. 



Canton, E. side of Bait, harbor. 
Canton, E. side of Bait, harbor. 



S. S. Lee & Co. (Hugh Jenkins, lessee of 

Chesapeake Furnace, Baltimore.) 
Peter Mowel, Baltimore, owner. 
" " Hugh Jenkins, lessee. 

Baltimore, S. side of the basin. H, W. EUicott & Brother, owner. 

" " (Box 55, Baltimore P. 0.) 

Baltimore, S. side of the basin. D. M. Reese, Laurel Furnace, Baltimore. 
Near Baltimore on the S, E. Ahem & Jenkins. Hugh Jenkins, manager. 



Ann Arundel Co., Md. 3 miles S. of Annapolis junction. (Lemmon & Glenn, Patuxent River, former 

Ann Arundel Co., Md. " " owners. Dismantled in 1856.) 

Ann Arundel Co., Md. W. R. R., Elk Ridge Landing Rob't Howard, of Bait. Jos. D. Pettit, man,. Elk Ridge Landing P. 0. 

Prince George's Co., Md. Wash. R. R., 25 miles S. W. of Baltimore. Wm. E. Coffin & Co., Boston. Geo. Cary manager. 

Carroll Co., Md, B, & 0, R. R., 31 miles W. of Baltimore. Jas. W. Tyson, Sykesville, Carroll Co., Md, . 
Frederick Co,, Md. 12 miles N. N. E. of Frederick and Jacob M, Kunkle, Frederick Md,, and R. Fitzhugh, 
Frederick Co., Md, 3 miles from Mechanicstown, owners, ("Fitzhugh & Kunkle,") 

Washington Co., Md. 7 miles above Harper's Ferry. Herine, Y'eakle & Co., lessees. Sharpsburg, Md. 
Washington Co., Md. 3 miles from Clearspring. J. D. Roman & Co. B. F. Roman, manager, Greenspring P. O. 



1S36 
1841, '51 

1828, '45 

0. 1844 

1846 

1845 
1853 
1843 
1845 
1840 
1833 
1816 
1854 

18 
18 
1S26, '54 
1842* 

1847* 
1774, '87 
1857 
1845 
1848 



4. CENTRAL OR APPALACHIAN BELT OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



lot Schlckshinny. 
103. Catawiasa, 



Luzerne Co., Pa North Branch, 17 miles below Wilkesbarre. B. D. Koons, owner and manager, Nanticoke 
Columbia Co., Pa, 5 miles E. of Catawissa, G, & R, Shuman, owners, Mainevillc. 



1846 
1813 



This properly belongs to Tabls A. 



[See pp. 86-87. 



83 



FROM THE HUDSON 

JULY 1, 



TO THE POTOMAC. 

1857. 





SIZE. 






BLAST. 






KIND 






PRODIICTIOK. 




NAME. 


Height of 

Btacls:. 
Across T. 

head. 


Above 

gas-flue. 
Of cold air 

pipe. 
Of hot air 

pipe. J 












of 
power. 


of 
ore. 


of 
iron. 


a'i 1854. 
!§- 1849. 

(g" Wks. 


1855. 
Wks. 


1856. 

Wks. 


1. S. NEW YORK 


AND N 


NEW JERSEY 


























37. Greenw'd. 1 11 

38. Southfleld 12 

39. Sterling, 2 13 

40. Freedom 12 

41. Pompton 12 

42. Wawayanda 11 

43. Franklin 8 


42 4 
40 4 
48 4K 

44 4 
44 4 
42 5 
22 8 


"6 ,^8 ,^8 
12 8 

12 12 
9 9 
12 12 
24 8 


2 
3 
3 

3 
3 
3 
3 


3 
3 

2^ 


300° 

600 

600 

600 
600 
warm 
600^ 


% 

1 


1,600 
1,850 

2,340 T 
2,600*T 
4,320 L 
2,400 


Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 


M. 
M. 
M. 

M. 

M. 

M. 

Fran. 


I. II. III. 
I. II. III. 
I. 11. III. 

I. II. III. 
I. II. in. 
I. 

White 


1,600 
2,300 
2,400 

2,000 
2,000 
2,500 
1,600 1 


I 1,600 52 
f 2,0311^2 
f 2,301)452 

i 2,000* 48* 
' 2,000* 48* 
1,8.'52 40 
100? 15 


1,400 47 

578 14 

2,327X48 

800* 17* 
600* 13* 
1,250 26 
00 


1,500 62 

00 

2,083^45 

00 

00 

1,297 26? 

00 



44. Oxford 



8 38 2K '6 18 15 



2 2X 375 5 



Steam M. i. ii. 



2,500 



900 



1,000 36 



896 36 



803 23 



2. SOUTHEASTERN BELT OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



900 12,885 



7,831^ 



5,6831^ 



45. Lehigh 

46. Maria 

47. Pennsvillo 

48. Hampton, 1 

49. Mary Ann 
60. Oley 

51. Sally Ann 
62. Mt. Laurel 

53. Maiden Cr. 

54. Mt. Penn 

55. Hampton, 2 

56. Joanna 

57. Hopewell 

58. Warwick 

59. Elizabeth 

60. Mt. Hope 

61. Colebrook 

62. Cornwall 

63. Manada 

64. Georgianua 

65. Rock 

66. Conowingo 

67. York 

68. Margaretta 

69. Chestnut G. 

70. Carlisle 

71. Holley 

72. Pinegrove 

73. Big Pond 

74. Cumberland 

75. Caledonia 

76. Mont Alto 

77. Carrick 

78. Valley 

79. Franklin 

80. Warren 



7>i 31 2 .... 6 

8 SO n% 10 .. 

9 32 1% 6 6 

6 32 IX 

7 30 

9 30 2 

8 32 

8 30 IX .. 10 .. 

7K 31 ly, 

8 31 

8 28'!% 

7K 28 

6X 35 

7X 30 ly, 

9 28 IK .. .. 

7 27 1% .. 8 .. 
9 .30 .. .. 11 .. 
9 30 

= 8 ">S3',i '?2 8 4X 

9 31 2 16 9 

8 29 

<'7}4 30 IK 

8 32 1% 

7K 33 2 8 8 .. 

8X 33 

«8K ''27 l>i 

8 33 

8K 33 2% '.'. io "e 

8K 33 1% 12 .. 

8 30 1% 

8 33 2K 8 8 

9K .30 1% ..10 9 

7 30 IX .. 7 .. 

5ii 28 1% .. 5ii .. 

7K 30 \H ■■ 12 .. 

7K 28 2 .. .. 



1 3 

1 2% 

1 2X 

1 2K 

1 IK 

1 2X 

1 2K 

1 2 

1 2J/a 



1% 
2 



1 
'1 
1 .. 

1 1% 

1 2K 



1 2K 



2K 
2K 
2K 

2K 
3 

2Ji 
2K 
2 



cold 

600 

cold 

cold 
cold 
cold 
cold 
cold 
cold 

cold 
hot 
cold 
cold 



hot 

cold 

cold 

cold 

400= 

600 

hot 
cold 
cold 
hot 
cold 



2K 

i' 
i' 

2 
IK 

k 



1,750 T 
? 
1 



830 
760 



900 
1,100 

1,250 1, . 

900 T 
432 
1,200 1 



Water H. 
Water H. 
Water H. 



Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 



H. 
H. M. 
H. M. 
H. M. 
H. M. 

H. 



I. II. 

I. II. 
I. II. 
I. II. 
I. II. 
I. II. 



Water H. M. 
Water M. 
Water M. 
Water M. 
Water M. 



%^ 1,080 



1,300*T 

1,200t 

1,120t 

600 



Steam 
Water 

Water 
Steam 
Water 
Water 



M. 

M. 

M. 

M. 
H. M. 
H. M. 

H. 
H. 



S. &W. 
Water 
Steam H. 
S. &W. H. M. 



1 \\ cold l}i 1,440 L 

2 2K hot .. 

2 2ii hot .. 1,440 L 

1 2K cold IK 1,160 L 
n 2)4 cold .. ? L 

2 3 hot .. 1,300 
2 2K warm .. 1,440 

1 2K cold .. 1,200 

1 2!< cold .. 770 

1 IK cold .. ? 

2' 3K 600 J? IK? .. 



Water 
Water 
Water 
Steam 
Water 
Water 
Water 



H. 
H.M. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 



Water F. 

Water H. 

Water H. 

Steam F 



H. 



1,200 
1,900 
2,200 

1,000 
1,000 
1,200 
1,200 
1,000 
1,200 

1,200 
1,800 
1,200 
1,000 
1,200 

1,600 
1,500 
1,500 
1,600 
1,400 
1,500 

1,400 
1,400 
1,200 
1,200 
1,200 

800 
1,200 
1,200 
1,000 
1,000 
1,200 
1,000 

800 

425 

800 

1,200 



1,204 

1,884 

624 



800 

00 

750 

450 

897 
1,.550 
1,050 

700? 
1,100 

1,500 
1,434 
1,400 
750 
1,800 
00 

1,051 

870 
700 
745 
00 

00 
350 
600 
871 
247 
750 



720 34 
1,100 35* 
1,600? 40? 

742 30 
800 40? 
139K 6 
600 30? 
950 47 



900 40? 

1,760 62 

1,025 47 

800? 45? 

1,051 48 

1,506 60 
880 45? 

1,061 48 
880 30? 

1,344 50 
240* .. 

1,000 45 
600? 24? 

1,000? 45? 
800* 38 
150 12 

100 10? 
800? 40? 
1,080 40? 
240 11? 
500* 18 
700? 35? 
900 39? 



618 28 506 22 
1,100 35* 1,1.52 30 

1,600? 40? 00 

639 27 688 28 

800 407 700 35? 

500 27 700 33 

300 15? 600 30? 

954 45 952 44 

737 35? 860 40? 

500 25? 500? 26? 

1,443 48 960 46 

1,162 50 603 26 

800? 4.5? 796 43 

805 38 839 40 

1,424 50 697 35 

1,000 52 1,000 62 

1,191 50 1,036 43 

950 35? 1,020 48 

1,598 52 1,222 41 

800 20? 00 

Machinery removed. 

800? 33? 800? 33? 

1,000? 45? 300? 13? 

00 Abandoned. 

600 28 650 31 

150 15? 300* 25? 

00 Abandoned. 

635 24 650^^24 

250 12? 255 12 

00 Abandoned. 

800? 38? 600 32 



900 39? 



900 39? 



00 200 10? 00 

125? 14? 500 40 600 44 

00 00 Good order. 

224? 19? i29l42i]4 6.35)^25 



3. EASTERN MARYLAND. 



23,977 26,3171^ 25,185>^ 20,222 



81. Principio 8K 32 2K ■ . 10 6 

82. Lagrange 6 35 IK 

83. Sarah 'i6K ""31 IK 10 7 7 

84. Harford 7K 33 2 ..8 

85. Locust Grove 7K 30 1% 9 ., 

86. Gunpowder 8? 31 2 .. ., 



12 .. 

12 .. 

12 .. 

12 .. 

11 .. 

11 .. 
12* .. 

12 9 

95. Patuxent, 1 Same size and power. 

96 Patuxent, 2 Same size and power. 

97. Elk Ridge '^9K "32 2K . . . . 

98. Muirkirk 8 28 2 12 . . 



87. Chesapeake, 


1 8 


32 


2 


88. Chesapeake, 


I 8 


32 


2 


8>». Cedar Ft., A 


8 


31 


1?< 


90. Cedar Pt.,B 


8 


31 


15< 


91. Maryland, 1 


9 


30 


15< 


92. Marylaud, 2 


9 


30 


IK 


93. Laurel 


9 


31 


T-% 


94. Cecilia 


9 


33? 


2 



3 2% warm 3 2,304 

1 2 cold .. 

2 2K hot X 1,700 

2 2!< cold 1 2,880 L 

2 2K 150^ .. 1,700*T 

2 2X 250 IK 3,000 T 

2 3K liot .. 1,440?T 

2 3K hot .. ? 

2 3 3.30^? IK 1,200 

2 3 3.50? IK 1,200 

2 3K 600? .. 1,710t 

2 3K 600? .. 1,008 T 

2 2^ 600? 3K 1,540 L 

2 3K 000 IK 1,320 T 

Abandoned and dismantled. 
Abandoned and dismantled. 

"2 =3,y 275* IK 2,700t 

2 3K hot .. ? 



Water H. r. m. c. 
Water H. i. ii. in. 
S. & W. H. I. II. III. 

S. & W. H. C. II. III. 
S &W. H. II. III. 

Water H. i. in. 



Steam 
Steam 



99. Elba 

100. Catoctin, 1 

101. Catoctin, 2 

102. Antietam 

103. Greenspring 



i8K ''30 2% 
9 33 IX 
32 1% 
50 So 
35 2% 



•15 



24 8 



1 2K 

2 3 
2 3 



612' 
cold 



3 2K 200°? 2 



2 3 



600 



1,100 T 
1,000* 
1,450 
2,000 ? 
1,080 



Steam 
Steam 
Steam 
Steam 
Steam 



S. &W. 
Steam 

S. &W. 

Water 

Steam 

Water 

Water 



H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
C. 
C. 



II. III. 
II. lit. 



III. 
I. II. III. 



1,200 
1,000 
1,600 

1,800 
1,800 
1,600 

2,800 
2,800 
2,800 
2,800 
2,800 
2,800 
2,800 
2,800 

2,800 
2,800 
3,000 
2,500 

2,500 
2,000 
3,000 
2,800 
1,500 



780* 26* 
1,000 42 

1,750 62 
1,300? 35? 
1,400* 40? 

2,200* 60 
2,200* 60 
2,700* 50 
2,600* 50 
2,000* 48* 
2,000* 48* 
2,054 46 
900 20 



780* 26* 
901 32 

1,400 44 
1,300* 35* 
1,300* 35? 

2,200* 60 
2,200* 50 
2,700* 50 
2,600* 60 
00 
00 
2,162 44 
1,835 44 



800? 37 
780* 26* 
971 35 

1,450 44 
1,500* .39* 
1,100* 30* 

2,200* 50 
1,000? 25? 
2,700 50 
2,838 
00 
1,058 
1,611 
1,675 



60 

29 
52 
41 



2,000* 50? 2,000* 50? 



500? 10? 
00 

1,301 38 

1,000? 30? 

00 

2,200* 33 

480 32 



1,.500? 26? 
2,000* 50? 

830 27 

1,000? 30? 

00 

2,640 37 

701 36 



00 

2,000? 35? 
1,200? 35 

510 19 
1,000? 30? 

00 
1,500* 26* 

677 32 



4. CENTRAL OR APPALACHIAN BELT OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



30,265 



29,949 



26,470 



104. Schichshinny 9 

105. Catawissa 7K 



h. c. 

hot 



1,280 T 
? 



Water 
Water 



F. B. 
F. 



T, tight ; L, loose piston head. 



1,700 
1,200 



1,600 
500 



500* 20? 
1,000? 60? 



00 
1,100? 50? 



300 
20 



[See pp. 86-87 



84 



NOTES TO TABLE E. 



(CROTON Furnace — At Croton Landing on Nortli Eiver, a Salter's patent fur- 
nace has been just blown iu (July 1837) by Nichols & Co., D. L. Merrit, manager, 
to make wrought iron directly from the ore with .anthracite coal. The Croton 
upper reroUing mill, driven by Abram. Bailey, is just above.) 

(HAVERSTRAW Fui-nace, "on west side of Tappan Sea, rebuilt, but never 
blown.") 

(ORANGE Furnace on Cedar Pond, near the Orange Co. southeastern line, has 
not been running for .30 or 40 years.) 

37. GREENWOOD Furnace, No. 1. — Uses the same ore as Greenwood Furnace, 
No 2, described in Table A, 17. Built ISll, enlaTged 1825. 

,38. SODTHFIELD Furnace.— Situated 43 miles N. N. W. of New York, on the 
Mombasha Creek. Hearth, last blast, 7 ft. high, 4 ft. wide at top, 30 in. square at 
floor. Height of dam ,,17 ; of tuyere centre ,,19 ; angle of bosh walls 66^. Has 2 
iron blowing tubs 5 ft. diameter by .5 ft. stroke, the blowing cranks making 4 revo- 
lutions per minute. Ore from the California and Oregon, with very little from the 
Crossway, openings of the Sterling Mines, 6 miles to the southeast of the furnace. 
One blast from Oct. 11, 1800, to July 3, 18.53, with 2 months 2 days stoppages, made 
6,3.53% tons of iron, averaging 4S>^ tons a week. Last blast from Aug. 18, 18.53, 
to April 6, 1855, 83 weeks, 3,393% tons, from California and Oregon ore, 40 tons a 
week. 

(WOODBURY Furnace, 10 miles from Southfield on the turnpike to Newburg, 11 
miles from Newburg, is in ruins.) 

(STERLING Furnace, No. 1, situated 2 miles north of the next, has been aban- 
doned for fifty years, and is in ruins ; was built by the Townsends, with 1 tuyere, 
o feet bosh, 25 feet higli.) 

39. STERLING Furnace, No. 2.— Situated in Warwick township "^ mile from the 
New Jersey state line, 4 miles west of Sloatsburg (which is 36 miles from New York 
on the N. Y. and Erie R. R.), 10 miles southwest of Southfield. Has 2 iron tubs 
5^2 ^y ^3'2> "^'2 revolutions. Ore magnetic from Lower California bank IJ?^ north ; 
Upper California bank 2 miles north; Summit bank 2'^ miles north; the great 
Sterling vein 2% miles north; the 14 foot vein 4 miles north, and close by the 
Oregon bank, 8 feet thick ; the Crossway bank 4 "4 miles north ; the Mountain mine 
4)^ miles north ; Long mine 4Ji miles north ; six or seven other small veins are 
near the furnace. Iron goes to New York. No. I. II. III. on a scale of 6. 

(RINGWOOD Furnace has been out of blast for 30 or 40 years, and is in ruins.) 
(RENTON Furnace. — Situated on the Passaic River, 1 mile north of the centre 
of Newark. Formerly owned by American Iron Works ; now by James Quimby, 
of Newark; Jos. Martien, manager at present (July 18.57). The smaller of the 
furnaces was built in 1855, the other in 1857. The-smaller furnace has a chamber 
11 by 13 feet, containing 8 vertical tubes 10 by 18 inches, holding each a ton of 
finely powdered magnetic ore, mixed with 250 lbs. of ground Cumberland coal, 
subjected for 48 hours to a welding heat, after which the iron drops down into the 
furnace below. The larger furnace has a chamber 16 feet square, containing 48 
tubes 6 by 18 in. There is a hammer attached to the furnace, which is in fact a forge, 
and will be tabled with the forges in Table E. It made scarcely any iron in 1851, 
none in 1855, and none in 1856. The large furnace began to work in April 1857. 
In the Scientific A-merican of Feb. 11, 1854, is a description with drawings. In the 
American Iron Manufacturers' Journal, Supplement, Jan. 1853, Dr. Robert F. 
Brower also describes the process and its principle of the deoxidation of oxide of 
iron by pure carbon when in the close contact of powder, for a long time, at a 
high heat, giving off* carbonic acid gas, and leaving pure iron behind, ready for 
welding into blooms. The assertion was that "with good ores, ready workmen, 
and a fair blast, a bloom of near a hundred pounds is taken from the furnace every 
twenty to thirty minutes." "The slag is drawn from a tap into a movable recep- 
tacle j ust before taking out the ball. The ores and carbon are mixed at the stamp 
and taken up to the orifice of the chambers by elevators." This process is being 
tried on a different plan in middle Pennsylvania and the results will be described 
hereafter.) 

40. FREEDOM Furnace. — Situated at Wananque, on Ringwood River; 5 miles 
north of Pompton, miles south of Ringwood, 1;^ miles northwest of Paterson, 29 
miles northwest of New York. Last leased and run by Wallace & Concklin. Has 
2 iron tubs 5 by 4J^ stroke, 6i^* revolutions. Ore from Iron Hill 134 miles west, 
and from Ringwood 5 miles north. Iron sent to Pompton Rolling Mill and to New 
York. Out of blast since the summer of 1855. Make almost 50 tons a week. 

41. POMPTON Furnace.— Situated on the Eamapo River and Paterson and Ham- 
burg Turnpike, at Pompton, 8 miles west of Paterson and 24 miles northwest of 
New York. Formerly owned by the Ryerson Iron Co. Said by its builder to be 
the first furnace in the United States built with 3 tuyeres. Has 2 iron tubs 4 V by 
4^ stroke, 8* revolutions. Ore chiefly from Ringwood mines 10 miles north ; Iron 
Hill 6 miles north ; some little from Morris Co. mines. Iron sent to Pompton Roll- 
ing Mill and to New York. Out of blast since the spring of 1855. 

(OLD CHARLOTTENBURG Furnace, on the Pequannock, north of Rockaway. 
See F, 31, note.) 

(MT. HOPE Furnace, 4 miles northwest of Rockaway, stopped SO years ago.) 

42. WAWAY'ANDA Furnace. — Situated at the outlet of Wawayanda Lake or 
Double Pond in Vernon township, 5 miles east of Vernon, 6 miles north of Cani- 
stear, 15 miles west of Sterling, 7 miles southwest of Warwick (which is 10 miles 
south of Chester on the N. Y. and Erie R. R.,55 miles from New York, and 20 miles 
from Newburg). Has 2 wooden tubs 6 by 8 stroke, 4i^* revolutions. Ore magnetic, 
2J^ miles northeast. Iron sent to Philadelphia for car wheel purposes. Make, 50 
to oQ tons a week. 

(HAMBURG Furnace has been out of blast 8 or 10 years, and is in ruins.) 

43. FRANKLIN Furnace.— Situated in Frauklin village, 5 miles from Suufi'town, 
i}4 fi'om Hamburg, 8 from Bakertowu, 12 from R. R. at Newton. Stack re]iaired 
1854; made 8 feet in tunnel head, and contracted 5 or 6 feet below, to make zinc 
and iron together. Began with the franklinite ore Jan. 1, 1851, after standing idle 
about a year and a half, and ran until middle of April ; made but little iron ; white 
(some of it gray), large flaky crystals, making good wire. The stack is to be 
heightened and steam substituted for water power. Previous to the experiment 
with franklinite and anthracite, that is before 1852, the furnace ran with charcoal 
on hematite and magnetic ores mixed. The franklinite ore is got from a bank 300 
yards north. The magnetic ore conies from 200 yards north, and 450 yards south- 
west ; and from Ogden's mine 5 miles southeast; an old mine is directly under 
the stack. The hematite ore came from EdsalFs mine near Hamburg, 3 miles 
north. 

(STANHOPE Furnaces, Nos. 1, 2, 3, i— Anthracite always, and should go with 
Table A. Sitnated at Stanhope, Sussex Co., N. J., H mile' northwest of I'ailrniul 



station, on the Morris and Essex Canal. No. 1 went into blast in 1840, No. 2 and 
No. 3 in 1843 (?) and continued in blast until 1852, when they burnt down by an 
explosion of the gas reservoir connected with No. 4, an experimental furnace for 
making iron from Franklinite ore. They were all between 10 and 11 feet bosh, 
and in 1845 substituted a 120 horse steam engine for 2 water-wheels of 25 feet fall ; 
a change compelled by the making of the canal. Used 60 per cent, magnetic ore 
from Irondale 8 miles east, 9 by canal, and 1 14 miles (the furthest) from the canal. 
There are 8 mines now used w-ith veins of from 2 to 18 feet on 300 acres belonging 
to the Sussex Iron Compn.ny, who raise by horse power and pump with one water- 
wheel 15,000 to 20,000 tons a yeai'. Ore can be delivered at the Stanhope Furnaces 
for .^1.50 to $1.75. No. 4 was an experimental stack, 6 to 8 feet bosh, about 20 feet 
higli, collecting and precipitating the zinc fumes in large reservoirs at the tunnel 
head. Iron white, lamellar, making good cutlery and ordnance when used alone. 
The pioneer in the smelting of Franklinite is Edwin Post, Esq., President of Sussex 
Iron Co., 64 Wall Street, New York. The experiment at Stanhope produced a 
hundred tons of iron and some tons of zinc paint.) 

(CLINTON Furnace, stopped in 1836, '37 ; the stack stands but the property has 
all gone down ; the forge attached stopped in 1853. Built by Juo. T. Winslow, of 
Troy ; out of blast for 10 years. It was miscalled Pequannock Furnace because it 
fell into the possession of the Pequannock Company.) 

44. OXFORD Furnace. — Situated on a branch of Request River, near where the 
Warren R. R. crosses it, 5 miles southeast of Belvidere. It is said to be the oldest 
remaining furnace in the Union, ancient castings are in chimney backs a century 
old, and pigs ai-e found stamped 1755 (45?), and is in complete repair; runs two- 
thirds of the year on charcoal and one-third on anthracite; sometimes uses one- 
sixth anthracite; has one iron blast cylinder with wood packing, 5X4, 16 to IS 
revolutions. Ore black magnetic, from banks half a mile distant, worked since 
1743 ; of different varieties of richness from 45 to 60 per cent. ; the Harrison vein, 
rich red short; the blue magnetic vein 22 in. thick, celebrated for bar iron ; the 
black magnetic vein for car-wheel iron. Nearly all the pig iron is made on the 
spot into car-wheels. Formerly the iron was rafted from Foul Rift to Philadelphia 
in Durham boats. Can make 2,500 tons No. I. per annum, and 9,000 car wheels. 
Makes Ji No. I., ;^ No. II. The ore is sold to other works. . 

One week in Dec. 1856, a 51 per cent, ore was carried by 164 bushels of charcoal 
and 400 lbs. of limestone to the ton of iron, making 54 tons in tbe week. The same 
ore, the same month, required one and a half tons of anthracite to the ton of iron, 

45. LEHIGH Furnace.. — Situated on Trout Creek behind the Kittatinny or Blue 
Mountain and 4 miles southwest of the Lehigh Water Gap, on upper Silurian and 
lower devonian rocks (F. v, vr, vii, viii). Has 3 blowing tubs, 6'^ diameter, 2J^ 
stroke, 7 revolutions, pistons tight. Ore bed across tbe mountain, 9 miles south- 
east, in N. Whitehall township, Lehigh County, in Hudson River slates (?) Iron 
made, "cold blast wheel iron and No. 1." 

46. MARIA Furnace. — Situated on Poco Creek 2 miles northeast from Parryville, 
in the anticlinal valley of No. VIII. (Chemung Group), behind Fireline Hill, and 
3 miles from the Lehigh Valley R. R. Supposed to be very old. Has gas flue over 
tunnel head plate. Three tubs, two of them square, single acting, 9 ft. diameter, 
IS inch stroke ; the third is roimd, 5 ft. diameter by 8 ft. stroke, double acting; one 
receiver; pistons loose. Can make 45 tons per week hot blast and 25 tons cold 
blast. Ore brown hematite, 40 per cent., from Whitehall, Lehigh Co. Blew hot 
in 1856. 

47. PENNSA^LLE Furnace.— Situated on the north side of the Blue or Kitta- 
tinny Mt. 4 miles southwest of Lehighton, near Diukie's tavern. Has 3 round tubs, 
about 6*X4*, tight. Can make 33 tons a week hot blast iron and 22 cold. Gas 
flue on top. 

48. HAMPTON Furnace, No. 1. — Sitnated 12 miles more or less southwest of 
Allentowu, near Sheimersville, at the headof the North Branch, Perkiomeu Creek, 
in Upper Slilford township, near the Green Lane turnpike, 25 miles from Reading, 
and 5 miles from Trexler's furnace (Mary Ann). Has 2 tubs, 5 by 1,,10 stroke. 
Ore black oxide, neutral and not very magaetic, from Barto's banks iu Washington 
township, 7 miles southwest, mixed with hematite from the neighboring beds in 
the limestone. Iron, " first-class car wheel." 

49. MARY ANN Furnace. — Situated on the northeast borders of Berks County, 
18 miles N. E. of Reading, in Long Swamp township, at the head of Little Lehigh 
Creek, 9 miles E S. E. of Kutztown, and 8 miles S. S. W. of Trexlerstown, Lehigh 
County. One round cylinder 6,, 4 diameter. Ore, hematite (three-fourths), mag- 
netic (one-fourth), from beds in the neighborhood within one and two miles. 

50. OLEY Furnace — Formerly owned by Udee, and afterwards by Snyder; stood 
idle about 12 years and was started again for a short time four years ago by Dr. 
Herbst, Palm, and others. Situated l^j miles east of Rockland forge, 2 miles east 
of Pricetown, 2 miles west of Freidensburg. Has 2 tubs, about 6 ft. diameter ; 
piston liead tight. Ore hematite, from Deishler's ore bank, 8 miles northeast; 
magnetic, from Zinner's ore bank at Rothruckville 12 miles north. Iron made, 
wheel iron. Men employed 28, mules 21. — DALE. See F, note 87. 

51. SALLY ANN (ROCKLAND) Furnace.— Situated on Sacony Creek, Rockland 
township, 5 miles south of Kutztown Ore }^ hematite from Trexlertown, or from 
Moselem banks; 34 flat ore. Men and boys 23, horses and mules 24. 

62. MOUNT LAUREL Furnace. (Formerly ALSACE Furnace.)— Situated on Mt. 
Laurel Creek, 6 miles N. N. E. of Reading, 1}^ miles east of the State road to 
Eastou. Has 2 blast tubs, 5% diameter, 2^ stroke, 2J^ revolutions per minute, 
tight. Ore banks, hematite, from the Moselem, Dumm's & Hefner's banks in 
Richmond township, 14, 11, and 16 miles northeast of Reading, and 8, 6, and 10 
miles from the furnace — (the two last mentioned lie on the flank of the South 
Mountain) ; — magnetic, from the Wheatfleld banks in Spring township, 7 miles west 
of Reading and 13 from the furnace ; resembles the Cornwall ore. Iron made, car 
wheel pig. (Employ 28 men, 6 boys, including baukeis and coalers but not chop- 
pevs ; 42 horses and mules. 

53. M.VIDEN CREEK Furnace— Has 2 tubs, 6,, 2X2M> 4 revolutions, tight. Ore, 
hematite, from Moselem banks 7 miles, Coxtown banks 10 miles, Trexlertown 
bauks 13 miles east. (See note after E, 148 ) 

54. MT. PENN Furnace. — Situated on the west side of the Schuylkill, half a mile 
from the river and 2 miles from Reading. Owned until 1856 by Mayor Swartz of 
Reading; blew in by Shatter & Kautfman, spring of 1856. No. of men and boys 
(1856) 14, horses and' mules 28 

65. HAMPTON Furnace, No. 2. — Situated on Hay Creek, 2 miles south of Birds- 
boro. In blowing with charcoal cold one tuyere is used, 2 inch nozzle, 1 revohi- 
tion permanent, or 4 strokes with 2 tubs, 5v4;^ ; and a tunnel head of 20 inches. 
But when anthracite is used, 2 tuyeres, 2;^ nozzle, 2 revolutions, 3 ft. tunnel head. 
Oi'o. magnetic, from Warwick and Jones' banks about 6 miles south. In 1854 



85 



made 1,032 tons of anlbraeite and 328 of hot blast charcoal iron ; in 1853, 800 tons 
anthracite and 643 tons charcoal iron ; in 1856, 650 tons anthracite and 310 tons 
charcoal iron. 

56. JOANNA Furnace. — Situated on Hay Creeli, 3 miles northeast of Morgan- 
town, 9 miles southwest of Birdsboro. Has 1 tub, 33 in.Xl>2 strolte, 35 to 60 revo- 
lutions per minute. New steam engine, 15 horse power. Ores, magnetic, from 
Jones's banlc, 2)^ miles from the furnace, 2>^ miles from Morgantown ; from War- 
■wick near St. Mary's, 7 miles from the furnace. (Low water, 1856, diminished the 
production. Coal house burned Sept. 10, with 60,000 bushels of coal in it.) Men 
and boys 75, horses and mules 30. 

67. HOPEWELL Furnace. — Situated in the southeast corner of Berks Co. on 
French Creek, 40 miles above Philadelphia and 14 below Reading. Eevolutions 
1)^ per minute (double gearing). Ore, magnetic, from Chester Co. mines, due south 
of the furnace. Mix a small quantity of hematite. Iron made, all No. 1 forge. 

58. WARWICK Furnace. — Situated' in Warwick township on south branch of 
French Creek, 13 miles west of Phoenix ville, 3 miles W. S. W. of Coventry village. 
"Was built in 1736 and I believe has been in operation for a longer or shorter 
period of every year since that time Tubs 2, 6>^X20J^ inch stroke, SJ-^ revolu- 
tions, piston loose. The average number of men employed is about 65, horses and 
mules 33." Ore, magnetic, from Warwick mines, St. Mary's, Chester County, 2}/^ 
miles; Jones's mines, Caernarvon township, Berks County, 6 miles north of west. 
**The projected railroad from Phoeuixville to Cornwall, as surveyed and located, 
passes about 200 yards south of the furnace, within 1 mile of the Chester Co. mine 
south, and less than >^ mile south of the Berks Co. mine." Iron made — for 15 
years past, the whole product has been converted into No. 1 boiler plates. 

(MT. EDEN (Rock) Furnace — 8 miles north of Whiterock, 6 miles south of Stras- 
burg, was abandoned 10 years ago and is in ruins.) — GREENWOOD. See Table F. 

(ISABELLA Furnace was converted into a forge in 18.53, and is now run by Jno. 
Irey and Jas. Butler, Loag's P. 0., Chester Co. See Table F.) 

59. ELIZABETH Furnace. — Situated at the south base of tlie South Mountain, 
near Litiz P. 0., Lancaster Co. Abandoned in 1836 for want of wood. Has 1 tub, 
30 in. X 2 ft. stroke, 45 revolutions, piston tolerably tight. Ore, magnetic, from 
Cornwall mines, 7 miles west. 

60. MOUNT HOPE Furnace. — Situated on the Big Chiqnisalunga, between Lan- 
caster and Lebanon, 9 miles south of the latter. Rebuilt of sandstone several 
times ; last in 1824 or 1825. Has 2 wood tubs, 5J^ by 2%, 2 revolutions. Ore, mag- 
netic, Cornwall mines, 3 miles north. Iron, forge, A No. 1, gray, for neighboring 
forges ; 20 to 25 tons a week ; three years on the same hearth. 

(MOUNT VERNON Furnace. — Situated on the Conewago River and Lancaster 
and Harrisburg R. R., 15 miles from Harrisburg, 23 from Lancaster, on the borders 
of Dauphin County. Owned by E. B. and A. B. Grubb ; built 1800, stopped in 
18.32. It is 8 by 26 by 1^^ ; has 2 tuyeres, blew hot, with cold and hot pipes 8 and 
5 inches diameter ; 2 wooden tubs, 5 by 3, making 2 revolutions when in blast, i. €., 
blowing 480 cubic feet per minute ; water power ; charcoal ; Cornwall and Columbia 
ores ; foundry iron No. I and II, for Baltimore and Philadelphia, about 35 tons per 
week. MoDNT Veeno.n Forge, close by the last-named furnace, was originally a 
furnace, and subsequently was used as a furnace, but is now a forge. See Table F.) 

61. COLEBROOKE Furnace — Situated on tlie Conewago Creek and on the road 
from Lancaster to Annville, 7 miles west of Cornwall. Tubs 2, 6x2>^, 1 revolu- 
tion. Ore, magnetic, Cornwall mines. Iron No. 1, wheel iron and forge. 

62. CORNWALL Furnace. 

63. MANADA Furnace. — Situated on Manada Creek in West Hanover township, 
Dauphin Co., 1 mile south of ilanada Gap in the Blue Jlountains, and 6 miles from 
the Union Canal, at a point 15 miles below Lebanon. Grubbs & Care, lessees. 
Altered in 1839 from 9x40XlJ.i, to 8X33!^ X2. Gas tapped at tunnel head. Has 
2 wooden tubs, 6 by 3, 3 revolutions. Ore, Chestnut Hill (cold short hematite) %, 
Cornwall (magnetic) 3i — for good foundry metal ; proportions reversed for forge 
metal. (Chestnut Hill 3 miles north of Columbia; Cornwall 18 miles to the south- 
east.) Make I. II. III. iron about equally, mostly for Pittsburg ; a little to Phila- 
delphia. Average make about 34 tons a week. Blown by E Kinzer of Harrisburg 
for 8 years. Blast of 1856 began May 26, ended Dec. 31, made 994 tons. The large 
pi'oduction given to Manada in the table under the head of 1S49 is explained by 
her former capacity. 

64. GEORGIANNA Furnace.— Situated on the Susquehanna River and Canal and 
H. R. ; is nearly on the site of the old EMELIXE Furnace, built about 1S35. Built 
and blew in in 1855, and blew say 4 months, making 42 or 43 tons a week. Made 
a trifle more than 800 tons in 1S35. Has made nothing since. Will blow in again i 
about July 1, 1857. Ore, magnetic from Dillsburg, York Co., 8 miles S. S. E. of' 
Mechanicsburg ; in future from Cornwall, and hematite from Chestnut Hill. Has 

2 wooden tubs 6 by 3 stroke. Oven on top of stack. 

(VICTORIA Furnace, on Clark's Creek, 8 miles above Georgianna Furnace, is 
in ruins, aud has not run for 10 or 12 years. Machinery gone.) 

65. ROCK Furnace. — Out of blast for a year; machinery partly removed and 
furnace probably abandoned. Ore poor; hauling difficult. 

66. CONOWINGO Furnace —Situated IJi miles southeast of Buck P. 0. Isaac 
Rodgers, assistant manager. Has 2 tubs, 6x40 inches, 3?.^ strokes back and forth 
per minute, piston tight. Ore, hematite, 5 miles northeast. "Commonly makes 
1,000 tons per annum, in 10 months. 1S56 stopped from Feb. to July, and made 
SOO tons ; 1851 and '35, say 1,000 tons ; or 20 tons a week." 

07. YORK Furnace. — Situated 1 mile below Shunk's Ferry across the Susque- 
hanna River; 2 tubs, 5?X4, 3* revolutions; tight. Ore, " Conowiugo," from 
Drum's township. Intend to use ore from near Colemansville. Iron, car wheel. 

68. MARGARETTA Furnace.— Situated on Cabin Branch Creek in Canadocholey 
Valley, Lower Windsor township, 4 miles south of Northern Central Railroad 
between York aud Wrightsville, and 2 miles west of Tidewater Canal. Rebuilt 
1837. Oven on the stack. Steam engine 50 horse power and ample water power. 
Foundry and grist mill driven by the same power. "Good location for an anthra- 
cite furnace." Tubs 2, 3 by 5, 16 revolutions, tight. Ore, hematite, from principal 
bank 400 yards from furnace ; supply ample for many years ; 40 per cent, ore ; 
makes superior foundry and bar iron. "Extensive hematite ore banks also 2 
miles west of furnace, over ten acres ; veins 10 — 20 feet wide and 20 feet deep. 
Costs 1^.50 a ton mining." Furnace not in blast for two years; to go into blast 
June, 1857. Capacity 1,200 tons. Have made 33 tons a week. 

69. CHESTNUT GROVE Furnace.— Situated half a mile south of the old Gettys- 
burg and Carlisle road. Steam engine of 15 horse power. 2 tubs 4J-< by 26 inches, 

3 revolutions, rather loose. Ore, magnetic, %, from mine 1 mile east ; hematite, 
'4, from mine 5 miles north. Iron made, car-wheel iron. In 1851 power was only 
water. 

70. CARLISLE Furnace. — Situated at Boiling Springs, where Boiling Spring 



Creek goes into Yellow Breeches. Has 2 single acting wooden tubs, 4^ by 3>^, 9- 
revolutions (3 to 1 of wheel). Ore, hematite, 2J^ miles south; magnetic, 6 miles 
E. S. E.; the latter §1.00 a ton on the bank. Use all the iron at the forge for Car- 
lisle, Frederick, &c. Capacity, 25 tons a week ; ran not more than half of 1856. 

71. HOLLY Furnace. — Situated on Mountain Creek, in Holly Gap, 6 miles south 
of Carlisle.. Was torn down about the middle of 1855 and a paper mill built in 
its place. Its ore banks were on the estate, one }i mile, the other 6 miles south- 
west of the furnace, yielding abundance of rich cold short ore. (R. Givin.) 

72. PINE GROVE Furnace.— Situated (with Laurel Forge) on Mountain Creek, 
main branch of Y'ellow Breeches Creek, 14 miles southwest of Carlisle, and 16 
miles due north of Gettysburg. Estate 25,000 acres, affording all the necessary 
wood, ore, limestone, and water power. 'Tubs 2, 7 by IJ^, 12 revolutions, loose. 
Ore, hematite, from banks J^' mile distant, lying near the limestone, over 1,200 
acres ; have been worked 50 feet deep and left solid at the bottom ; pits kept free 
by water power. Iron made, first quality forge metal. (W. M. Watts.) 

73. BIG POND Furnace.— Situated on Big Pond Stream in Big Pond Gap, 2 
miles south of the Walnut Bottom road. Has 1 tub, 30 in. by 20 in., 56 revolutions, 
loose. Has 60 men and boys, 21 horses and mules. Ore hematite, from mines 1 
mile west. 

74. CUMBERLAND Furnace. — Situated on Yellow Breeches Creek, north side of 
South Mtn., 11 miles northeast of Shippensburg, 7 miles west of Mount Holly, S 
miles east of Big Pond. Has been entirely abandoned from scarcity of charcoal, 
and the property divided and sold ; the stack is being demolished to make room 
for a paper mill. Had 2 tubs, wood, single acting, 6 by about 3^, about 12 revo- 
lutions (?) It made in 1854 about .500 tons ; water power, 15 horse ; number of men 
and boys 73, horses and mules 20. Ore, hematite. Peach Orchard bed 3 miles 
west, McCuUoch's and Goodpart's beds 2 miles northwest, Lee bank5 miles north ; 
magnetic, black oxide, Dillstown 13 miles due east. Iron, red short, forge ; average 
23 tons per week cold ; once hot. 

(SOUTHAMPTON Furnaces, 1, 2, in Southampton township, Franklin Co., 2]4 
miles south of Shippensburg, were torn down about 3 years ago and made no iron 
after 18.31. A large forge near them was torn down iu 1849.) 

(MARY'' ANN Furnace, in Southampton township, 354 miles from Shippensburg; 
last owned and worked by Charles Wharton, Jun. Abandoned for 6 years past. 
(W. M. W.) Mary, Southampton, Augusta, and Mary Ann, are none of them likely 
to go into blast again for some time to come, and some of them are unfit for use. 
Two of them are owned by J. Bomberger, of Shippensburg. (J. B.) ) 

75. CALEDONIA Furnace. — Situated on the Chambersburg and Baltimore pike, 
in the South Mountain, at the crossing of Conecocheague Creek. Has 2 tubs, 6 by 
22 inches, 5 strokes per minute, loose. Ore hematite, from banks 2 miles south of 
pike, 4 miles southwest of furnace, 9 miles from Chambersburg. 

76. MONT ALTO Furnace. — Situated 1 mile from Funkstown, 9 miles southeast 
of Chambersburg; was built 1807 and never rebuilt. Has 2 wood tubs, 6. ,10 by 
3, ,6, 3 revolutions. Water wheel 30 feet. Ore % brown hematite withinSOO yards 
southeast of the furnace, four banks in a quarter of a mile ; }^ limestone ore, 2 
miles N. N. E. Iron, most cold short bar iron. No. 1 gray, for home market ; occa- 
sionally foundry and car-wheel iron for Philadelphia and the neighborhood. 37^^ 
or 38 tons average make. For each of the last 3 years have made exactly between 
900 and 930 tons in 9 months. 

Analysis of Brown Hematite Ore. 

Sesquioxide of iron 74.80 

Silica 16..S0 

Alumina 0.70 

Carbonate of lime a trace 

Water 8.20 

Contains of metallic iron, 51.86 

77. CARRICK Furnace. — Situated on the west bank of the Conecocheague, 4 
miles S. S. W. of Fannetsbnrg, 8 miles north of Loudon. Has 2 wood tubs, 5 by 
2]A, 6 revolutions (1 by 1). Employ 30 men. 10 boys, 20 horses and mules. Ore, 
fossil, 2'/^ miles southwest, cropping all along the west base of the mountain (in 
Formation V, Clinton Group), from about Fannetsbnrg down to Loudon, for 13 
miles ; another opening l^ mile west of furnace in not quite so good ore ; another 
2]A miles north, the best of all. Iron made. No. 111. for the forge, the bars going 
to "the neighborhood and the blooms to Coatesville and Pittsburg. Average make, 
about 25 tons a week. 

78. VALLEY Furnace. — Situated on West Conecocheague Creek, 2 miles north 
of Loudon, close by the forge, but built long after it, say 35 years ago Has 2 wood 
tubs (single action), i]A by 2 ?, 12 revolutions. Forge uses same blast. Ore " cold 
shire" hematite, about 4 miles north. Make about 9 tons ; out of blast for 2 years ; 
hardly ever made more than 120 or 130 tons a year ; but one year made 150 tons. 

(MOUNT PLEASANT Furnace and Forge. 4 miles north of Loudon, were destrovcd 
in 1843.) 

(LOUDON Furnace and Forge, in the edge of Loudon, were both destroyed in 
1840.) 

79. FEAKKLIN Furnace.— Dr. Sam'l Behm (Lebanon) and Chas. Mulley (Pine- 
grove), administrators. Situated 3 miles northwest of Campbellstown (which is 
7'xJ miles from Chambersburg, towards Loudon), and 4 miles from the brick tavern 
(Sji miles east of Loudon). Stopped in 1853 and has made nothing since. Has 2 
wood tubs, 6}A by 3, 20 (15 ?) revolutions. Ore hematite, from Beaver's bank near 
Loudon; bank 1\^ mile north; vein formerly worked by the Hensams V2 ™''l*' 
west. Iron made No. II., to be run out again in the forge run-o>it fires ; chiefly for 
the neighborhood ; some to Philadelphia. Capacity 22 to 30 tons a week. 

80. WARREN (not Sylvan) Furnace. — In Warren township, on little Cove Creek, 
Franklin Co., Pa., but only 1'^ miles from the Maryland State line, and 6 miles 
from Millstone Point on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. It lies in a cove of the 
North Mountain, opening southwards and filled with upper silurian rocks, a cove 
lined with Formation V. with its fossil ore. Its gas had been tapped at first 8 feet, 
then 4 feet below the tunnel head, but finally was taken off at the top. One tuyere 
used last, with a 3]A in. nozzle. Has 2 iron tubs, 3 by 4, about 12 revolutions (30 
of steam crank). Ore chiefly fossil, from 1 mile west ; some hematite from Balti- 
more, and Point Of Rocks ; fossil ore makes better iron, but the best is made by 
mixing ^i Baltimore ore. Iron mostly No. II. for Wheeling. Make, 35 tons per 
week ; one week 37. 

81. PRINCIPIO Furnace.— Situated on the Baltimore E. E. 3 miles east of Sus- 
quehanna River. Has 2 tubs, 4'^ by i]A, 8 revolutions. Ore, all kinds, from Bal- 
timore aud Harford Counties, and from New Castle, Delaware. 

82. LAGRANGE Furnace. — Situated at the Falls of Deer Creek, 6 miles from the 
Penusvlvania line, 3 miles northeast of Coopstown, 8 miles from Harford Co. line, 
9 miles north of Belair, 12 miles west of Darlingtown, 10 miles S. S. W. of Peach- 
bottom in Pennsylvania on the Susquehauna. It has a forge which has been at 



86 



OWNEKS' AND MANAOERS' ADDRESS. 



DATE OF ERECTION. 



106. Penn. 

107. Esther. 

108. Paxinos. 

109. Forest. 

110. Berlin. 

111. Bearer. 

112. Heshbon. 

113. Washington. 

114. Howard. 

115. Hecla. 

116. Eagle. 

117. Logan. 

118. Kock. 

119. Centre. 

120. Juliana. 

121. Martha. 

122. Monroe. 

123. Huntingdon. 
121: Pennsylyania. 

125. Brooliland. 

126. Matilda. 

127. Greenwood. 

128. Mill Creek. 

129. Edward. 

130. Eockhill. 

131. Malinda. 

132. Bald Eagle. 

133. Etna. 

134. Elizabeth. 

135. Blair. 

136. Allegheny. 

137. Bennington. 

138. Gaysport. 

139. Chimney Eock. 

140. Frankstowu. 

141. Gap (Martha). 

142. A new furnace. 

143. Springfield. 

144. Eebecca. 

145. Bloomfleld. 

146. Sarah. 

147. Lemnoa. 

148. Eough and Eeady. 



CowMBiA Co., Pa. yi mile E. of Catawissa. J. Penn Fincher (late Smith & Fincher). 
Columbia Co., Pa. 3K miles S. of Catawissa. S. B. Diemer, Catawissa, Columbia Co. 
Northumberland Co., Pa. 6 miles N. of Shamokin. Taggart, Firman, & Barton, Paxinas P. O. 

Union Co., Pa. 4 miles W. of Watsontown Station, S. & E. E. E. Kaufman & Reber, White Deor township. 

Union Co., Pa. 4 miles S. of Hartleton. Clem. & Chas. Brooke, owners. J. Church, manager. 

Union Co., Pa. 12 miles W. of Selinsgrove. Middles warth, Kerns, & Co., owners. J. C. Wilson, manager. 

Ltoomins Co., Pa. 5 miles N. of Williamsport. Wm. McKinney, Newberry, Lycoming Co. 

Clinton Co., Pa. 11 miles S. of Lockhaven. C. & J. Fallon, owners. Jas. Irvin, lessee. Dr. Wm. Irwin, manager. 
Centre Co., Pa. 10 miles N. E. of Bellefonte. Jno. Irwin, Jr., & Co. (Same as Irwin, Thomas & Co.) 
Centre Co., Pa. 7 miles E. of Bellefonte. Gregg k Irvin, owners. J. Irvin Gregg, manager. 

Centre Co., Pa. 3 miles N. E. of Milesburg. C. & J. Curtin, owners and managers, MUesburg, Centre Co., Pa. 

Centre Co., Pa. 2 m. S. E. of Bellefonte. Valentine & Thomas, owners. (Valentine, Thomas & Co., lessees.) E. B. V. 

Centre Co., Pa. 5 miles S. E of Bellefonte. Wm. F. Eeynolds, Bellefonte, owner. 

Centre Co., Pa. 9 miles S. W. of Bellefonte. Thompson, McCoy & Co., owners. Moses Thompson, manager. 



1845 
1836 
1847 

1846 
1827 

1848 

1838 

1811 
1830 
1826 

1848 
Jr., man. 1800 
1816, '45? 
1790 



Centre Co., Pa. 10 miles S. W. of Milesburg. John Adams, owner. (Jas. H. Linn & Co., lessees.) E. H. McCoy. 

Centre Co., Pa. 15 miles S. W. of Milesburg. Irwin & Thompson, owners. John J. Thompson, manager. 

Huntingdon Co., Pa. 18m. N.E. of Spruce Creek, P. E. E. Gen. J. Irwin, owner. G. W. Johnson, les.see and man. , Monroe F. P. O. 

Huntingdon Co., Pa. 4 miles N. of Spruce Creek St., P. E. E. G. & J. H. Shoenberger, owners. Hays Hamilton, manager. 

Huntingdon Co., Pa. 10 miles N. E. of Spruce Creek Station P. E. E. Lyon, Short & Co., owners. Eock Spring P. O. 



Huntingdon Co., Pa. 
Huntingdon Co., Pa. 
Huntingdon Co., Pa. 
Huntingdon Co., Pa. 



1835 
1832 
1846 
1796 
1813 

1838 
1838 
1833 
183S 
1839 
1830 
1846 

1824 
1805 
1832 
1846 

Plank road, 1% mile S. of Altoona. Elias Baker, owner and manager. 1811 

P. E. R., 7 m. W. of HoUidaysburg. Blair Co. Iron & Coal Co. (Eob't M. Lemon, lessee.) L. Lowry Moore, man. 1853 
Opposite Hollidaysburg on the Canal. Watson, White & Co., owners. D. Watson, manager. 18.56 

HoUidaysburg, near the depot. Gardner, Osterloh, & Co. A. M. Lloyd, manager. 1856 

2 miles N. E. of Frankstown. Crawford & Higgens. 1836, '54 

Blair Co., Pa. McKee's Gap, 6 m. S. W. of Hollidaysburg." Shoenberger's heirs. (Musselman & Barnitz, lessees.) E. Freedom P. 0. 1846 

Blair Co., Pa. In the town of Williamsbui'g. 1847 

Blair Co., Pa. 5 miles S. S. W. of Williamsburg. D. Good & Co., owners. A. McAlister, manager. • 1815 

Blair Co., Pa. 12 miles S. E. of Hollidaysburg. Ed. H. Lytle, owner. Jas. Hemphill, gen'l sup't. P. Gallagher, manager. 1819 

Bedford Co., Pa. 13 miles S. of Hollidaysburg. J. W. Duncan & wife, owners. Jas. Madard, manager. 1846 

Blair Co., Pa. 13 miles south of Hollidaysburg. Heirs of Shonberger. D. C. McCormick, lessee. M. Simpson, manager. 1831, '47 

Bedford Co., Pa. 2 miles W. of Hopewell (H. & B. T. E. R.). Jno. King & Co., owners. Jno. B. Castner, manager. 1841 

Huntingdon Co., Pa. 20 miles S. of Huntingdon. S. T. Watson & Co. Coffee Run P. 0. 1849 



Mifflin Co., Pa. J^ mile N. W. of McVeytown, P. R. E. Juidata Iron Co. Daniel Holman, manager, McVeytown. 

Mifflin Co., Pa. 1>^ mile from Mt. Union, P. R. E. J. Haldeman. (?) 

Huntingdon Co., Pa. 14 miles N. W. of Lewistown, P. E. R. J. A. Wright & Co., owners. A. W. Wright, manager. 

6 miles S E. of Huntingdon. Jas. Irvin, Jos. Green, J. McCahan, owners. John C. Watson, manager. 

4 miles S. E. of Newton Hamilton. E. Bell's heirs, owners. (Hugh McNeal, lessee.) Jas. E. Foote, man. 

% mile S. E. of Orbisonia. Rob't Benson Wegton, Orbisonia P. 0., Black Log. 

15 miles S. W. of Mount Union Station. J. & A. Sheffler, owners. Thos. E. Orbison, man., Orbisonia. 

Blair Co., Pa. 6 miles N. E. of Tyrone City, on Penn. R. R. Lyon, Shorb & Co., owners. 

Blair Co., Pa. Canal, 25 miles E. of Hollidaysburg. Isett, Keller & Co. 

Blair Co., Pa. Logan's Valley, 5 miles E. of Altoona. Martin Bell, owner and manager. Sabbath Rest P. 0. 

Blair Co., Pa. P. R. R., 2 miles N. E. of Altoona. H. N. Burroughs, owner. A. E. Stewart, manager. 

Blair Co., Pa. 
Blair Co., Pa. 
Blair Co., Pa. 
Blair Co., Pa. 
Blair Co., Pa. 



SOUTHEEN NEW JERSEY. 



149. Milville. 



Cumberland Co., N. J. 10 miles east of Bridgeton. R. D. Wood, owner. R. D. W. & Co., lessees. 



1815, '53 



N.B. — * expresses close approximation to the truth without absolute certainty. ? expresses conjectural approximation upon the best information that could 
be obtained; or, some supposed mistake. The small figures above and in front of the larger ones show what has ieen ; and in a few instances, explained in the 
notes, show a double set of measurements. Corrections and additions are earnestly solicited on the ground that it is to the interest of all to have the tables as 
perfect as possible. 

J. P. L. 



work from about 1830. It has 2 tubs. Ore, brown hematite, from a bank 6 miles 
a little south of west and % mile south of State line. It has also a small bed in 
Westminster township, Carroll Co., Md. Iron made, I. II. III., according to order. 
"Makes 30 tons a week." 

83. SAEAH Furnace. — Situated near the head of Winter's Run on the road lead- 
ing from Jarrettsville to the Old Baltimore Road, 10 miles northwest of Belair, 20 
miles south of McCall's Ferry, 5 miles southwest of the rocks of Deer Creek. 
Flue leading into hot blast chamber immediately above tunnel head. Flues 18 in. 
wide, 12 in. high ; chamber and stack 15 feet high ; flue at summit 18 by 18 inch. 
Flue to make steam 16 in. diameter, 10 ft. below tunnel head ; smoke stack 29 ft. 
high. Has 2 tubs, 5 );f by 3 stroke, for water wheel, 1% revolutions; and 1 tub, 
3)4 by 3, 10 revolutions, steam. Ore, hematite, from banks 2 miles south, 7 acres 
close to limestone ; veins irregular in thickness from 30 feet to nothing, and in pos- 
ture from the surface to below the lowest workings. Fine breasts of superior ore, 
75 feet below the surface, rocky, easily mined and pure, apparently heavy deposits. 
Near the surface, ore petibles in tough red clay hard to separate. Mine dry, use 
only one hand pump. "Average yield through the year according to the books, 
42 per cent, in the rough at the ore bank, 50 per cent, at the tunnel head." (A. P. 
McC.) Iron made in 1856, 600 tons No 1., 296 No. II., 75 No. III. 

84. HARFORD (or BUSH) Furnace.— Situated 4 miles west of Perrymansville, 
on the head waters of Bush River, near the railroad bridge, 25 miles northeast of 
Baltimore. Has 2 tubs 3 by 5, 20 revolutions, loose. Ore, carbonate, from the 
shores of Bush River, Gunpowder Elver, and Caba River; Hematite, from along- 
side of the Northern Central E. E. Iron made, car wheel iron, white and gray. 

85. LOCUST GROVE Furnace.— Situated close by the Stemmer's Eun Station. 
Has 2 tubs, upright, 3* by 4, X of 40 — 50 revolutions, tight. Bank furnace ; use a 
little water power occasionally to help the engine. Ore, 

Iron mostly wheel iron, for the Baltimore and Wilmington car shops ; some goes 
to Philadelphia. Cannot tell how much they made in 1834. The production of 
1836 would not vary but a few tons from that given in the table. 

86. GUNPOWDEE Furnace.— Situated on the Philadelphia turnpike, at the 
Great Falls of Gunpowder, 6 miles from Locust Grove Furnace, 14 mile north of 



Patterson's nail mill. Tunnel head formerly 22 inches, increased in 1838 to 2 feet. 
Water power enough for fifty furnaces. Has 2 tubs, horizontal, 4>4* by 4*, 12—15 
revolutions, tight. Capacity "45 tons a week." Ore, 

Iron, foundry and forge ; last year mostly forge iron ; market at home and sold to 
Fall River ; wheel iron also. 

87. CHESAPEAKE, No. 1, No. 2.— Situated just outside the limits of the City of 
Baltimore, in Canton, on the east side of the harbor. Both exactly alike. Hot 
ovens are on top. No. 1 has 1 tub 52 (48 ?) in. by 5*, 8*" revolutions, leather pack- 
ing on iron piston head, tight. No. 2 has 2 tubs 30 (36?) in. by 4 (3?) ft. stroke. 
Ore, argillaceous, from the neighborhood, found in nests. Iron made, chiefly forge, 
for Philadelphia, Massachusetts, Eichmond, Wheeling, &c. Most of it goes north 
and east. Ordinary years both furnaces yield 4, .500 tons, say 50 tons each a week. 
Both were in blast in 1854 and 1835. No. 1 alone in the latter part of 1856. 

89. CEDAE POINT Furnaces, A, B. (Formerly known as the Munson Iron 
Works.) — Situated on Boston Street and railroad, in Canton, just above the Phila- 
delphia railroad station, 2 miles from the centre of Baltimore City and 1 mile north 
of Chesapeake Furnaces. Owned by Mowel & Harrison until April 1, 1837 ; now 
by Peter Mowel. Both have incline planes for stock, and 12 horse power engines ; 
ovens on the stack. Each has 1 tub, 314 by 5, 12 revolutions. Furnaces made in 
1856 more than in any previous year, viz., 5,578 tons ; A averaging nearly 53 tons 
a week and B a little over 54 tons a week round the year. In 1853 furnaces made 
about 5,300 tons, and diff'ered little, A making a little more than B, and both out 
of blast about 2 weeks in the year. In 1854 about the same. Irou made, chiefly 
pig iron, some car wheel — for the Philadelphia, Norristown, and Fall Eiver 
markets. 

91. MAEYLAND Furnaces, Nos. 1, 2. — Situated on the south side of the Balti- 
more basin. Formerly owned by S. & P. T. Ellicott. Since 1840 by H. W. EUicott 
& Brother. No. 1 has 1 tub, 5 by 4%, 9 revolutions, metallic packing. Not in 
blast since Jan. 1855. No. 2 has 2 tubs. 3 by 5, metallic packing, 7 strokes a minute. 
Ovens on the stack. Went into blast June 11, 1856. Two thousand tons a year 
was about the average annual working of each furnace previous to 1855 when 
neither was in blast. The limit of capacity of each is 2,500. No. J has an inclined 



87 



o Eh § « '3 

P» m2 ooa gi gp,Sp, 





BLAST. 






KIND 








PRODUCTION. 








s 




of 


of 


of 


21 




1854. 


1855. 


1 

1856. 


^ 8 


■3 


p 




power. 


ore. 


iron. 


§§■ 


1819. 












w 


£ 








iS" 






Wks. 


Wks. 


Wks, 


2 3 


hot 




960 L 


Water 


F. 


I. 


1,200 


854 


840 


32 


780 24 


790 24 


2 2% 


warm 


'k 


840 


Water 


F. 


I. 11. HI. 


1,200 


900 


917 


36 


918 36 


750 32 


2 2 


hot 






Water 


F. 




1,200 


300 


800 


40? 


350 18 


00 


2 3? 


hot 




? 


Water 


F. 


I. 


1,700 


00 


600 


26? 


600 26? 


1,142 52 


1 2 


cold 


"% 


? 


Water 


F. 


III. 


900 


7 


7.59 


52? 


828 52? 


250 15 


2 3 


hot 




i,6so*L 


W. &S 


F. 


I. II. 


1,200 


1,200 


823 


36 


1,056 39 


399 16 


1 2 


cold 


.. 




Water 


H. 


I. II. III. 


600 


400 


400 


40? 


350* 40? 


300* 30? 


1 3 


cold 




650 r, 


Water 


H. 


I. II. III. 


1,200 


.. 


1,000* 40? 


900* 30? 


1,200 527 


1 2% 


cold 


'k 


? T 


Water 


H. 


III. 


1,500 


1,400 


1,410 


41 


1,265 39 


1,173 38 


1 2% 


hot 




1,120 


Water 


H. 


II. 


1,500 




851 


30 


707 231^ 


1,030 35 


n 32i< 


300' 






Water 


H. 


II. 


1,.500 


800 


1,101 


40 


956 33 


1,078 41 


1 2M 


cold 


k 


1,280 T 


Water 


H. 


II. III. 


1,800 


1,320 


1,4.57 


407 


1,325 40? 


1,715 43 


1 n)i 


cold 






Water 


H. 


II. III. 


900 


700 


200 


26* 


400 18* 


In ruins. 


1 2>^ 


cold 


.. 


2,800 L 


Water 


H. 


I. II. III. 


1,500 


1,200/4 


900 


35? 


1,000 40? 


684 24 


1 2K 


600° 


.. 


450 L 


Water 


H. 


II. 


1,500 


750 c 


72.5 


23 


1,080 37 


925 29 


1 2>^ 


cold 




756 L 


Steam 


C? 


II. 


],200 




140 


7 


441 27 


507 23 


2 2>^ 


500° 




1,200 


Water 


F. 


I. n. III. 


1,400 


900 


405 


28 


771X38 


375i<;24 


1 2Ji 


warm 




? 


Water 


H. 


I. II. 


2,000 


1,100 


1,702 


41 


1,941 48 


1,383 '35 


1 2H 


cold 


ik 


1,200 


W. (S.) 


H. 


I. II. 


2,500 


1,792 


1,308 


41 


1,814 40 


00 


n 2 


400° 




1,400 


w. &s. 


H. 


I. II. 


2,000 


100 


00 





00 00 


520* 13* 


2 2K 


hot 






Steam 


H. 


I. II III. 


2,000 


800 


300 


10? 


700 26? 


00 


1 3 


cold 


k 


1,450* 


Water 


H.F.?i 11. 


1,.500 


729 


1,020 


40? 


1,100* 40? 


1,284 48? 


1 3 


600° 


7 


1,800? L 


S &W. 


H. F. 


II. 


1,.500 


1,367 


794 


32 


1,133 43 


588 25 


2 2K 


600 


? 


1,050 T 


Water 


H. F. 


I. II. 


1,500 


575 


00 





480 17 


713 23 


2 2K 








Water 


H. 


I. II. 


1,300 


850 


7901^43 


800* 45? 


800* 45? 


1 l?i 


cold 


? 


.. 


Water 


H. B. 


I. II. III. 


800 


00 


100* 10? 


00 


00 


1 2K 


cold 


i>i 


1,600 T 


W. (S.) 


H. 


I. II. III. 


2, .300 


1,700 


1,284 


37 


1,004 29 


1,434 36 


2 2)^ 


hot 


? 


2,304 


Water 


H. 


I. II. HI. 


1,400 


1,000 


874 


28 


1,021 30 


523 20 


2 2^ 


hot 


IX 


2,280 T 


Steam 


H. 


I. II. 


2,000 


783 


900 


30? 


730 22t 


521 16t 


2 3 


600° 


? 


1,572t 


Steam 


F.H. 


I. II. 


2,500 




1,200 


40? 


250 6? 


1,1341^40 


2 2K 


300 


? 


1,728 L 


Water 


H. 


I. II. 


2,300 


1,062 


2,000 


50 


1,800 45 


1,525 39 


3 2K 


400 


? 


3,000 L 


Steam 


F.B. 


I. II. 


3,500 


7 


600 


12? 


300? 6? 


168 3 


3 3>i 


600 


3 


3,700 T 


Steam 


F. 


I. 


5,500 








. . 


257 6 


3 3}i 


600 


a'A 


4,400 T 


Steam 


F. 


I. 


5,500 








. . 


350 6 


3 2% 


600 


3 


? 


Steam 


F. 


I. II. III. 


4,000 


V 


1,070 


23 


1,.535 3i 


2,300* 44 


3 2>^ 






•• 


Steam 


F. 


I. II. III. 


2,500 


1,260 


1,000? 


30? 


00 


00 


'2 2% 


hot 


2' 


2,'4()0 L 


Water 


H. 


I. II. III. 


],'s'20 


1,560 


i,'7bo? 


46 


1,750? 46 


1,765 46 


2 2.y 


cold 


2K 


2,000 T 


Steam 


H. 


II. 


1,600 


1,300 


798 


41 


1,047 40 


609 20 


2 2y 


cold 




1,260 L 


Water 


H. 


II. 


1,800 


1,000 


1,.500» 32 


1,200* 37 


1,100 34 


2 2>^ 


warm 




2,000 


Water 


H. 


I. 


1,600 


1,200 


1,1281^42 


642X39 


1,473 41. 


1 2i/{ 






2,000? L 


Steam 


H. F. 


I. II. 


1,000 


291 


600 


36 


736 "35 


277 16 


2 2>i 


cold 






Water 


H. F. 


I. II. 


1,600 


337 


800 


40? 


600 30? 


200 9 



106. Penu 7 30 2 6 „8 „5 

107. Esther 7K 28 1% 10 6 4 

108. Paxinos 7K 30 

109. Forest 9 35 1% 

110. Berlin 6 32 

111. Beaver Si4 30 iy< 4 12 12 

112. Heshbon 6 25 

113. Washington 7% 30 2}i .. 10 .. 

114. Howard 8 32 l>i 

115. Hecla 8 33 1% 3 11 8 

116. Eagle 8 =^30 2^1)^.. 18 12 

117. Logan 7^ 30 .. .. 8 .. 

118. Rock ■'6K "22 IK 

119. Centre 8 33 IJi 

120. Juliana 8 30 1>^ 10 5 

121. Martha 8 30 . . . . 9 3 

122. Monroe S^ 33 1% 5 12 10 

123. Huntingdon 8 32 l>i .. .. 
12t. Pennsyl'nia 8% 32 2 . . 12 . . 

12.5. Brookland «J8 28*2 '0 .. .. 

126. Matilda 8 ,33 

127. Greenwood 7J^ 33 

128. Mill Creek 8 32 1'^ 6 10 5 

129. Edward S^ 32 1% 10 7 

130. Rockhill 8 30 IK 10 10 

131. Malinda 'e^ =«30 1% .. 9 .. 

132. Bald Eagle 9 32 3% . . 11 . . 

133. Etna 8 31 1^ . . . . 

134. Elizabeth 9 32 2 10 10 

135. BlairH 8% 35 2% 6^ 12 8 

136. Allegheny 9 32 2K 10 3 

137. Benningtonlf 9% 39^ 3 9 10 5 

138. Gaysport1[ 13 45 4 "10 13 .. 

139. Chimney K.IT 13 48 4^ ^3 .. .. 

140. FrankstowniJlO 36 3 n^.. .. 

141. Gap (Martha) 9^ 32 H3K * ■■ ■■ 

142. New furnace .. 

143. Springfield 8^ 30 2^ 8 8 

144. Rebecca 9 32 1% .. 14 .. 

145. Bloomfleld 9)4 32 1% 

146. Sarah 8 33 1% 3^12 12 

147. Lemnos 8^ 30 1 . . 8 . . 

148. R.& Ready 9 32 1^ 6 .. 



SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 



31,630 36,307 



35,411 



149. Milville 



32 



hot 



Water B. M. 



00 



T, tight ; L, loose piston head. 



Total 

In Pennsylvania the gain of 1854 over 1849 was 

The total loss of the whole region of 1855 under 1854 

" " 1856 under 1S55 

■f Weeks of 6 days. 



1C6,424'4 98,4465^ 83,938><i 

7,0C4'<i 

7,9771.1^ 

14,5081^ 

IT Coke furnace. 



plane ; No. 2 an elevator for a part of the stock, the rest carted up. Ore, argilla- 
ceous, from the Covington bank 4 miles south of Baltimore; Miller's bank 15 miles 
southwest on the Washington R. R. ; Williams's bank at Annapolis junction. Iron 
made, No. III. forge iron; generally sell to Baltimore or the neighborhood. 

93. LAUREL Furnace. — Situated side by side with South Baltimore Furnace, No. 
118 of Table A, on South Baltimore Wharves, V/^ miles from centre of city. An- 
thracite in 1854. Burnt out Dec. 29, 1856. Has 1 tub, 44 in. by 5 stroke, gearing 
m to 1, 30 — 35 revolutions = 13 — 15. Syphon pipes 3 in., 9 ft. high. Use the same 
tubes thoy started with 8 years ago; oven on the stack; charcoal furnace has 40, 
the anthracite furnace has 80 pipes. Capacity 50 tons per week. Production taken 
from the books, but no explanation given of the short yield of 1856. Ore same as 
118, Table A ; carbonate. 

94. CECELIA Furnace. — Situated on Patap.sco River on tide, southeast from Bal- 
timore and Just beyond the city limits. Bosh sides batter 45°, 1 to 1. Gas flues, 
top 10,, 6, bottom 12 feet, below tunnel head; diameter IS inches. One tub, 5 by 
5^2, 24 revolutions 4 to 1 = 6 revolutions, tight. Syphon tubes? 3}^ in. diameter. 
Ore, "Baltimore hone and chocolate, chiefly carbonate from 4 miles northeast of 
Baltimore, and binding for the most part ou the Philadelphia turnpike road." Ca- 
pacity, if worked steadily, 2,400 tons charcoal iron per annum. Commenced Aug. 
10, 18.54. In 1856 made 900 tons forge No. I. and 775 tons foundry No. I. ; in 1855 
all forge Iron. 

a. [PATAPSCO Furnace. — Situated % mile east of Maryland Furnace at Locust 
Point, and owned by W. H. EUicott. Has made no iron since 1849, and was torn 
down in 1853.] 

6. [CURTIS' CREEK Furnace— Situated 8 miles southeast of Baltimore (12 miles 
by road), in Patapsco Co., owned by Wilkins Glenn, of Baltimore, is very old and 
now in ruins ; the machinery scattered about and partly removed. It stopped in 
1851.] 

95. PATUXENT Furnaces, Nos. 1, 2.— Situated on little Patuxent River 3 miles S. 
of Annapolis junction ; were almost the same size with the Maryland Furnaces; 
were dismantled and destroyed in June, 1856, for want of wood and ore. In 1854 
more metal was made by them than in 1855 ; but never more than ono furnace was 



in blast at once. These furnaces occupied the site of a much older puddling fur- 
nace long since destroyed. Capacity about 50 tons a week. 

97. ELK RIDGE Furnace.— Situated on the site of the old Howard Furnace, built 
in 1826. Tunnel head arranged to widen to 3}/^ feet when anthracite is used, which 
has occtirred once; 3 tuyeres for anthracite. (The old furnace had 1 tuyere, and 
22 inch tunnel head.) Besides the wooden tubs used by the old furnace and driven 
by water, has 2 tubs .50 in. by 5 ft. stroke, 15 revolutions when moving alone, but 
slower when the old tubs are blowing also ; tight. Oven on the stack. Ore, 
Iron, chiefly forge iron, puddling iron, white and mottled ; for Baltimore chiefly; 
some to Wheeling; some to the Avalon Iron Works. Went into blast late in the 
summer of 1854. "Make 70 tons a week." 

[SAVAGE Furnaces, Nos. 1, 2.— Constructed in 1845? Situated near the Wash- 
ington R. R. 20 miles from Baltimore. Have been out of blast "for twenty years," 
never made much and never will blow in again. They are quite in ruins. There 
is but one cupola furnace at Savage, and it has never been in blast. It is owned 
by the Savage Manufacturing Co. and is in a delapidated condition, but can be put 
in repair at no great cost. (Geo. H. Williams.) The charcoal blast furnace cannot 
be worked again as wood is scarce within five miles and sells at $4 a cord. (Ben. 
Williams.)] 

98. MUIRKIRK Furnace. — Situated 25 miles from Baltimore on the railroad to 

Washington. Out of blast since August, 1856. Two tubs 4* by 4*. Same size ore 
and iron as made at Chesapeake Furnaces ; almost all sent to Wheeling. Did not 
make iron in 1854. ("2,200 in the 1856 blast.") 

99. ELBA Furnace. — Situated on Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, at Sykesville. 
Has 2 tubs, 4 by 4, ,10, 4 to 5 revolutions, pretty tight. Ore, hematite, 2 miles north 
of Mt. Airy, on B. & 0. R. R., 43 miles west of Baltimore, in Frederick Co. ; mag- 
netic 2 miles north of furnace and 1J4 miles northeast from Sykesville, in Carroll 
Co. ; carbonate, on the Washington R. R., 2 miles from Relay House, in Howard 
Co. Iron, all car-wheel iron. 

100. CATOCTIN Furnace, No. 1 —Built before the Revolution ; rebuilt 25 years 
ago (throat changed April '57, from 22 in. to 3 feet), when, blew in and made 51 



88 



tous first week, hot blast iron. Made about August, 1856, 27* tons first quality 
cold blast iron, but all the rest of its production for the last three years has been 
hot blast. Oven above the tunnel head. Has 2 metal tubs, 314 by 3, U}^ revolu- 
tions (15? revolutions). Use water power except for 2 or 3 months in summer. 
Capacity 50 tons per weelc, make from 45 to .50. Ore, 1 mile north (1% by rail- 
road), Fitzhugh & Kunkle's bank, 10 to 15 feet beneath the surface, of great depth 
as shown by borings and shafts, and from 2 to 3 miles long. Ore fusible ; contains 
66 — 70 per cent, peroxide, in a matrix of clay, lime and sand ; costs 87i^ cents at 
the tunnel head. Two tons of ore make one ton of iron. Turnpike from the rail- 
road to the furnace. Estate 8,000 acres of woodland, backed by woodlands. Lime- 
stone on the estate. Iron made, foundry and forge ; market east, most in Balti- 
more, much in Philadelphia. 

101. CATOCTIN Furnace, No. 2. — Just erected. Will probably run cold blast. 
Has 1 tub, 44 in. by 2}4 ft. stroke, 25 — 35 revolutions. 

102. ANTIETAM Furnace [Coke] —Situated at the junction of Antietam Creek 
with Potomac Kiver, 7 miles above Harper's Ferry by the county road, and 9 miles 
by the canal. Owned by John Herine, of Boonsborough, Washington Co., Md., 
and the heirs of Wm. B. Clark. Jacob Hewitt, Sharpsburg, manager. Old An- 
tietam was built on this spot as much as a hundred years ago. The present stack 
blew from 1845, three years, partly on charcoal and partly on coke. It was built 
for 16 feet bosh, was made 14, and is now 15. Its tunnel bead was 6 feet 5 years 
ago, but works better now with 5 feet. Oven above tunnel head ; 66 syphon pipes 
in 2 sets. Has 2 iron tubs, 6 by 7 stroke (use 6 feet stroke at present), 6 revolu- 
tions, water power. Make mostly No. III. hardest pig iron, for Wheeling and occa- 
sionally for Boston. Capacity 90 tons ; average of good work 85. 

103. GREENSPRING Furnace. — Situated 3 miles from Clearspring, 6 miles from 
Hedgesville, 1 mile from McCoy's Ferry and the canal. Has 2 wood tubs, 6 by 3 
(although the crank was meant for a 4 feet stroke and can make it), 3 revolutions. 
Ore, hematite, about 3 miles north; some 1 mile north. Iron, foundry and forge, 
for Georgetown, D. C, &c. Has made 35 tons in a week. Blew in May 11, 1854. 

lot. SCHICKSHINNY Furnace. — Situated in the gap of Schickshinny Mountain, 
where the creek enters the elbow of the Susquehanna from the north, and on the 
west side of the creek. Has 2 tubs, i}/i by 5, 4 revolutions to the minute, piston 
head tight. Ore used fi hematite (fossil ?) from Columbia Co. near Bloomsburg, 
22 miles down the river; and ^^ bog ore from Newport township, Luzerne Co., 4 
miles east. Capacity "34 tons per week." 

105. CATAWISSA Furnace. — Situated on Catawissa Creek, 5 miles east of the 
village. Was sold and went out of blast Jan. 8, 1857, and "will never be resusci- 
tated." (G. & E. S.) 

106. PENN Furnace. — Situated on Catawissa Creek, half a mile east of the village, 
and about a hundred yards from the Catawissa R. R. Has 2 tubs, 6 by 3, 3 revo- 
lutions, piston head loose. Ore, fossil, from across the river. Iron, forge metal. 

107. ESTHER Furnace. — Situated about 3V^ miles south of Catawissa, on Big 
Roaring Creek waters, on the Catawissa and Bear Gap road. Has 2 tubs (single 
stroke, with a receiver), 7 by 1}/^, about 7 revolutions. Ore, fossil, from the Hera- 
lock mines near Bloomsburg, 7 miles north. Iron principally No. II. Blew in in 
18.54 and '.55, May 1 ; in 1856, June 1. 

[BRIAR CREEK Furnace, called also the Old KdWfus Furnace, owned by C. 
Kalbfus, has not been in blast for 8 years.] 

108. PAXINAS Furnace. — Situated on the right bank of the Shamokin Creek, J^ 
mile below and opposite to Reed's station on the Shamokin and Sunbury R. R. 
Went finally out of blast about Jan. 1, 1856, and is not likely to blow in again soon. 
Bought in by Mr. Reed. Ore fossil, from Dry Valley, Union County; limestone 
(For. VI.) from near Sunbury. Hawes and Dingier built it and blew in in 1847, 
the year before "the great fresh." 

109. FOREST Furnace.— Situated on white Deer Creek, 4 miles west of Watson- 
town station of the Sunbury and Erie R. R., and on Sugar Valley turnpike. 

110. BERLIN Furnace. — Situated on Penn's Creek at Jacks Mt. Gap, on the 
Hartleton and Musser Valley Road, 4 miles south of Hartleton, 18 miles southwest 
of Lewisburg, 12 miles west of New Berlin. Blew out June 1, 1856. Fossil ore 
bed 300 yards from the furnace from 3 to 8 inches thick ; too thin to pay for keep- 
ing the entries free from the abundant water. Iron made, cold blast charcoal. 

111. BEAVER Furnace. — Situated on two runs descending the north flank of 
Shade Mountain in Middle Creek Valley, 12 miles west of Selinsgrove and the Sus- 
quehanna Canal ; 28 miles east of Lewistown and the Juniata Canal and Penna. 
Railroad ; 2]/^ miles west of Middleburg, county town of Snyder. The water power 
on a wheel of 36 feet being sometimes inadequate, a 20 horse engine is being added, 
boilers to be heated from the tunnel head. Has 2 tubs, single acting, 7 by 1% to 2 
feet stroke, 9 revolutions, loose ; 36 upright hot pipes 4 in. diameter. Ore, soft and 
hard fossil ; "brown fossil" and "Danville block" ore; from a line of ridges at 
the foot of Shade Mountain (Form. V.). The soft fossil is opened 2}i miles west, 
and goes 2^ tous to the ton of iron ; two veins 30 yards apart; upper instate 
averaging 10 inches ; lower in " soapstone" (compact fire clay?), richer than the 
upper, and averaging 14 inches. The block ore, 90 yards further back (lower in 
the series) and in measures as at Danville, is opened 8 feet thick, \}^ miles east of 
the furnace ; goes 3 tons to the ton of iron, and is cheaply mined. Another bed of 
soft brown fossil 6 to 8 in. thick, in yellow slate, and quite different from the upper 
beds, lies 100 yards further back (lower in the measures) among the hard sandstone 
strata and cannot therefore be wrought at present to a profit. Made in 1854 cold 
blaet iron several weeks of the 36. Made in 1855 No. I. II. hot blast for 39 weeks. 
Made in 1856 No. I. II. hot and No. I. II. cold blast iron. The drought made the 
blast weak and finally stopped the furnace in September. Started with steam 
power Feb. 1857. Iron, cold short foundry, sent to the eastern forges to be run out 
with other red short metal, for boiler bloom. (Correspondence of Middleworth, 
Kerns & Co.) 

112. HESHBON Furnace. — Situated on Lycoming Creek 5 miles above its mouth, 
and opposite McKinney's Bridge Station on Williamsport and Elmira R. E. Blown 
in and out frequently to suit the stock. Ore hematite, from McKinney's mines in 
Nittany Valley, Centre Co. Iron used in the adjoining forge and rolling mill. 
Stopped finally in 1856 and sold. 

113. WASHINGTON Furnace.— Situated in Nittany Valley, on Fishing Creek 
waters, 8 miles from the canal at Flemington, and 11 miles from Lockhaven by 
turnpike. Has 1 tub, 6 by ,,26, 4^ revolutions. Ore hematite pipe, in a solid vein 
10 feet thick, from two banks 1 and 3 miles northwest ; distant also 4 and 6 miles 
from Howard, and 8 miles from Flemington. Made in 1853, 1,325 tons. 

114. HOWARD Furnace. — Situated east of the village, on Bald Eagle Creek and 
Canal, 14 miles from Lockhaven intersection, 10 miles northeast of Bellefonte ; on 
north side of Lick Run Gap through Muncy or Bald Eagle Mountain ; driven by 
Lick Run. Has 2 tubs, 5 by ?, 15 revolutions, tight. Mines in Nittany Valley 3 
to iX miles southeast ; nests from 15 to 80 (usually 40 to 60) feet deep, in basins 



ou each side of central ridge of the valley, which is 2^ miles wide, of rich lower 
Silurian (Trenton, &c ) limestone. The pipe ore occurs in veins accompanying the 
limestone, in inexhaustible quantities, and "is often abandoned from following the 
limestone, while the hematite rarely interferes with it." Fossil and block ore (of 
Form. V.) run along the west side of the Muncey Mountain past the furnace, but 
are too refractory for cold blast charcoal work ; need coke and will yield heavily. 
"We have now a fine stack, not used, well adapted for working these ores with 
coal, and in a neighborhood where everything used in the production is plentiful 
and large quantities to spare." (Correspondence with owners, Jan. 1857.) Men 
and boys employed 75, horses and mules 40. In 1855 built new wash machine. 
In 1856 put in new wheel and forebay and made mostly white for bar iron purposes. 

115. HECLA Furnace. — Situated in Logan Gap of Nittany Mountaiw southeast 
side of Nittany Valley, 7 miles southeast of Bellefonte, and 8 from the canal. Has 
2 tubs 5 by 4, 33^ revolutions. Ore, hematite and pipe, from the central ridge, the 
top of which is IJ^ miles north of the furnace. The ore is found in every part of 
the ridge, but is "irregular and not reliable; there are but few deposits that last 
longer than a single blast of nine or ten months." In 1855 blew 28J^ weeks, Sun- 
days excepted. Made in 1856 No. I. forge hot blast charcoal iron; out of blast 
from Jan. 1 to April 1, and all October. The steam rolling mill adjoining is to be 
discontinued. (Correspondence with owners.) 

116. EAGLE Furnace. — Situated on the Bald Eagle Canal IJ^ miles northwest of 
the rolling mill. Tunnel head formerly ,,26, now ,,18 which is preferred. Cold 
pipe to receiver ,,18, to oven ,,12. The oven is on the stack and contains two 12 
inch cylinders with gooseneck pipes. Has 2 wood tubs 6 by 33'o. Ore, pipe, from 
the central "barrens" of Nittany Valley, 3 miles southeast of Bellefonte. Iron 
made, best forge iron for the rolling mill. Average make, 37 tons a week. Blew 
out Jan. 17, 1857, in Feb. 26, 1857, out May 3, 1857. 

117. LOGAN Furnace. — Situated on Logan Branch of Spring Creek in Nittany 
Valley, 30 miles from Lockhaven. Has 2 tubs, 5 by 4, 4 revolutions, tight. Ore, 
hematite, from nests in the (Trenton) limestone valley 2}^ miles east. Iron, forge 
metal, finished in the rolling mill into rods, and shovel, scythe and hatchet iron, 
wire billets, &c., for the east. 

118. ROCK Furnace. — Situated on Spring Creek, 6 miles southeast of Bellefonte ; 
has not been blown since the middle of 1855 and is delapidated. The forge stopped 
about 6 months afterwards and is in ruins. The furnace had 3 wood tubs 8? by 
,,20. Ore was pipe from banks 8 miles on the road to, and 134 miles from. Pine- 
grove ; 10 miles east in Penn's Valley ; 9 miles north in Bald Eagle Valley (Ore of 
VI. ?) ; K niile east ; and two or three others from yiio % mile distant in Spring 
Creek Valley. Made some red short but more cold short iron, a good deal of 
foundry iron, say >i gray and % white ; sent all to the forge. Averaged 22 to 25 
tons a week. 

119. CENTRE Furnace. — Situated on Centre Furnace Spring, 9 miles southwest 
of Bellefonte, ou the Bellefonte and Spruce Creek road. Has 2 tubs and a receiver. 
Tub 7,, 10 by ,,34, 10 strokes; receiver 6,, 8; piston loose. Ore hematite, 3 miles 
northwest and 7 miles west ; pipe 1 mile north. 

120. JULIANNA Furnace.— Situated in Bald Eagle Valley, on Bald Eagle Creek, 
and plank road 10 miles from Milesburg and 20 to Tyrone. Has 2 tubs 3V^ by 2, 
i% revolutions, loose. Ore, hematite, cold short from Lambenn bank 3 miles due 
south on Buffalo Run; red short from River Hill bank i^ miles south in the bar- 
rens of Nittany Valley. Has a bridge house. 

121. MARTHA Furnace.— Situated like the last, but 16 miles from Tyrone, 16 to 
Bellefonte. Has an inclined plane for stock. One tub, 3 by 1%, 35 revolutions, 
loose. Syphon tubes 3 inches diameter. Ore "carbonate," from mines 4 to 5 
miles southeast of furnace. Employ 20 men and boys, 25 horses and mules. 
Make No. I. forge iron. 

(HANNAH Furnace. — Situated 10 miles north of Tyrone, on the road to Belle- 
fonte, 3 miles south of Port Matilda. Owned by Wm. Adams, Hannah Furnace 
P. 0., Centre Co. Built in 1828, stopped in the spring of 1851, and is so far in ruins 
that it would require rebuilding and new machinery. Averaged 25 tons a week 
previous to 1845, and 27 tons afterwards. It was before 1845 7 by 7>^, afterwards 
8 feet bosh, 31 high, 16 to 18 inch tunnel head, 10 inch mother pipes, 1 tuyere, 2^ 
or 3 inch nozzle, with light variable blast from a 24 foot wheel, and 2 wood tubs 
about 5 by 3, and not more than 2 revolutions per minute. A ten horse steam- 
engine was used previous to 1845 ; this has 1 tub about 4 by 6J^. Ore, hematite 
lump, from 3, 4, and 5 miles E. S. E. and 6 miles east, along the south foot of the 
Bald Eagle Mountain ; also from Warrior Mark 3 m. S. S. E. Made No. I. forge for 
Pittsburg and Boston, boiler plate. Charcoal here costs 3 cents a bushel.) 

122. MONROE Furnace. — Situated on Shaver's Creek, Huntingdon Co., at the 
foot of Tussey Mountain, 4 miles (over the mountain) southeast from Pine Grove 
(which is 15 miles northeast of Spruce Creek). Has 2 wood tubs, single acting, 7 
by ,,23, 12 revolutions (water wheel 4). Ore (]/Q, fossil from 1 and 2J^ miles south- 
east ; 1 mile southwest ; (J^) rock ore from Ross' and Weaver's banks 5 miles north, 
and 3^ mile apart. Iron chiefly forge No. II. for Pittsburg; make about 25 tons a 
week. Blown by Irvin & Gregg from June 11, 1853, to June 1, 1854. Had been 
idle from Dec. 17, 1850. 

123. HUNTINGDON Furnace. — Situated on Warrior Mark Run and large spring 

1 mile above. Has 2 tubs (and a receiver) 8 feet diameter. Ore hematite, from 2 
mines V/^ and 4 miles north ; 3 others, 1, IJ4 and IX north of west ; one 4 miles 
northeast ; "and many more could be opened and worked if necessary." 

124. PENNSYLVANIA Furnace.— See note 132. 

125. BROOKLAND Furnace. — Was altered 6 months ago to take its gas at the 
tunnel head instead of 4 feet below, and (June 1857) is changing to cold blast. Has 

2 iron tubs 2,, 10 by 5, 10 revolutions (2^^ for 1 of water wheel, 28 feet high.) Uses 
steam also. Ore hematite, from Greenwood 8 miles northwest, McVey 12 miles 
south by canal, Walter }^ mile S. S. W. Makes No. I. and II. iron, best quality, for 
Philadelphia and sometimes Pittsburg. Wire billet for the east ; red short west. 
Make from 30 to 40 tons a week ; one week 45 tons. 

126. MATILDA Furnace. — Stopped about 2 years ago and has not been used 
since. 

127. GREENWOOD Furnace. — Situated on the head waters of Standing Stone 
Creek, 14 miles from Lewistown on the road to Petersburg. Has 1 tub 3 by ,,30, 
40 to 50 revolutions. Ore, pipe (Formation II.), from near Belleville in Kishico- 
quilis Valley ; fossil (Formation V.) in Stone Valley near the furnace. Forge iron. 

(REBECCA Furnace, with its forge, abandoned 5 or 6 years ago and in ruins, is 
situated ou Stone Creek, 3 miles east of Saulsburg, 3 miles south of McAlevy's Fort, 
12 miles from Huntingdon. Owned by Conkle's heirs. Machinery partly gone, 
partly broken up ; stack still standing and part of the bridge house. Had one 
tuyere.) 

128. MILL CREEK Furnace.— Situated on waters of Mill Creek, 5 miles south- 
east of Huntingdon, J^ mile ea.st of Pennsylvania R. E. and Canal, on road from 



|^= FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE MEMBERS. 

89 



Juniata Eiver in to Brown's Mills in Kishicoquilis Valley. Blo-ws sometimes with 
steam. Has 2 water tubs 7 by 3, 6 revolutions ; 3 steam tubs 6 by 2, 10 revolu- 
tions, loose. Ore 4-5 hematite, from 3 miles north of Spruce Creek Station, 17 
miles by railroad from the furnace. In 1S54 the engine was not in operation and 
water was low. In 1856 hard drought and freezing ; started the engine in Decem- 
ber. Made forge metal. 

129. EDWAED Furnace —Situated 1 mile southeast of Vineyard Mils (V^ mile 
southeast of the canal) and 4 miles southeast of Newton Hamilton (on Penna. 
K. E.) on the road to Black Log Valley ; on a run % mile below A ugh wick Creek 
mouth. Has 2 cast-iron tubs 3 and 3,, 4 by 2]4 stroke, 15* revolutions, tight. Ores, 
brown hematite, " dark metallic hematite an~d fossil." The first 2 miles north 60° 
west, on Owen's ridge; the second (cold short) J^ mile southeast; the third 100 
rods southeast. The last two run along the north base of the Black Log Mountain 
in the narrow valley between Blue Eidge and Black Log. The fossil ore is in 
quantity also 1 mile west ; and the "Danville block ore" 4 miles northeast. Iron 
made in 1856 " mostly strong foundry, and mottled and high iron making excellent 
bar iron. Note. Edward Furnace was out of blast from 1852 until some time in 
Aug. 1855. Eented Dec. 1856 to Hugh McNeal, Esq., of HoUidaysburg. James E. 
Toole, present manager. 

(MAEION Furnace, in Kishicoquilis Valley, abandoned 16 years ago and en- 
tirely in ruins.) 

(JACKSON Furnace, on Standing Stone Creek, 17 miles above Huntingdon, and 

1 mile east of McAlevy's Fort, was abandoned 5 years ago and is in ruins.) 

130. EOCKHILL Furnace, has been running regularly for the last 13 years ; has 

2 wood tubs, 5 by 3, 1 revolution. Oven on top of the stack. 
(WINCHESTEE Furnace, situated also in Black Log Gap, 200 yards northwest 

of Eockhill Furnace, on the road to Orbisonia, was abandoned 7 or 8 years ago 
and has gone to ruin.) 

(CHESTEE Furnace, 3 miles from Orbisonia on the road to Mt. Union, is com- 
pletely in ruins ) 

131. MALINDA Furnace. — Situated 13 miles southwest of Mt. Union Station, 
Penna. E. E. ; in Cromwell township ; on Aughwick Creek ; near the State road 
from Orbisonia to Three Springs. Uses the same blast with the FOEGE. Has 2 
single acting wood tubs, 6}^ by 2J^. Ores, hematite, rather red short, 4 miles north 
near Jack's Mountain; 4 miles northeast near Orbisonia; 5 miles south. Iron 
made, all forge metal, second quality. Only ran the furnace to supply the forge. 
Full capacity about 18 tons a week. "Not in blast for two years ; made then a 
small blast, say 100 tons." 

132 BALD EAGLE Furnace. — Situated near the plank road from Tyrene City 
to Milesburg. Water blast until beginning of 1857, when steam engine and iron 
blast cylinders were applied. Has now 2 iron cylinders, 3 by 5, 8 to 15 revolutions, 
tight. Ore hematite, 2;!^ miles southeast. Iron No. I. and II, forge. The product 
in the table was much below previous averages on account of the deficient water 
blast.— -PENNSYLVANIA Furnace (124), situated on Spruce Creek, had steam 
blast applied also in 1856, 2 iron cylinders, 3>^ by 4J4, 5>i to 8% revolutions, tight. 
These measurements give averages for Bald Eagle and Pennsylvania of 1,200 and 
1,600 cubic feet of blast per minute; but the old blast ranged only from 900 to 
1,400. Pennsylvania Furnace uses hematite ore from a bank % mile northeast. 
Iron No. I. II., best forge. Production 1854-5, 41 weeks, 1,308 tons; 1855-6, 40 
weeks, 1,814 tons ; part of 1856 putting up new machinery. Both furnaces have 
operated for two or three years at great disadvantage, by reason of low water, 
freezing, &c. Bald Eagle tunnel head is unusually large for charcoal cold blast. 

133. JETNA Furnace. — Situated on the Penna. Canal, 20 miles above Huntingdon 
and 25 miles below HoUidaysburg, one mile off to the southeast of the northern 
turnpike. Has 2 tubs SJ^ by 2, 12? revolutions. Ore lands 2 to 4 miles west; 
fossil ore also 5 to 7 miles, and 3 miles from the Canal. Iron mostly forge. 

134. ELIZABETH Furnace. — Situated in Logan's Valley on Beaver Dam Eun, 
100 rods east of its confluence with the Juniata, on the road 5 miles northeast of 
Altoona, and 200 rods east of the Penna. E. E. "The first furnace that used the 
gas to create the steam, commenced it in 1836. Patent obtained June 10, 1840." 
(Martin Bell.) Has now 2 cast iron tubs 3, ,8 by 3,, 2, 15 revolutions, tight. Ore 
bank 1 mile south, in a limestone cove, at the northeast foot of a lime ridge, sand 
on top. The ore stands vertical like the limestone and near it, from 3 to 30 feet 
wide, 100 yards long (as opened), and 100 feet deep in the present drifts. The hill 
extends 1 mile southwest to Baker's Allegheny furnace ore bank, and so on. Iron 
made. No. I. foundry, car-wheel and forge. "Have stopped on the Sabbath since 
1848 ; our weeks of course have only 6 days." (M. B.) 

135. BLAIE Furnace. — Situated on the Penna. E. E. 2)^ miles northeast of 
Altoona. Has 2 tubs 3J^ by 2)4, 8 revolutions, tight. Ore nearly all fossil from 
Frankstown mines, 8 miles southeast, at the eastern foot of the Brush Mountain 
Nose, average 14 inches. 

1.36. ALLEGHENY Furnace.— Situated \}4 miles from Altoona, on the plank 
road to HoUidaysburg, opposite Mill Eun Gap. Has 2 tubs and a receiver 6}^ by 
2,, 2, 6 revolutions, loose. Ore hematite from the deep bank 4 miles northeast, J^ 
mile off the Penna. E. E. to the southeast, and on the southeast side of the lime 
ridge facing Brush (Bald Eagle) Mountain. Uses coke to eke out short supply of 
charcoal each season. Mixes soft fossil (upper large shell limestone bed) with 
hematite to make the finest gray iron. 

137. BENNINGTON (old Henrietta) Furnace.— Situated beneath the Penna. E. E. 
as it rises Sugar Eun Gap side to the tunnel, 2 miles east of the tunnel, and 7 miles 
west of HoUidaysburg. Built about 1849 ; never made much iron until 1857. Has 
2 tubs 4 by 4 and 16 to 23 revolutions, loose. Ore X fossil, from 28 acres of ore 
land IX miles northeast of HoUidaysburg, 17 in. thick ; X ^'^S ore from 100 yards 
of the furnace. Eock or bombshell ore (much of it hollow) four-flfths of which is 
slate, was used at first and always failed. It was mined a few rods west of the 
furnace. Coke from gangway within 50 yards of furnace nearly on same level ; 
one of the lowest beds in the coal measures. Col. E. M. Lemon rented and put the 
furnace in blast Dec. 10, 1836. Make 56 tons a week (June 1, 1857). 

138. GAYSPOET Furnace.— Opposite HoUidaysburg. Has 2 iron tubs, 3>^ by 
5}/^, 8 or 9 revolutions (at the moment of visit it was 10>^), geared 3 to 1. Engine 
of 120 horse power. Heat melts blunt bar lead ; no gauge for pressure but about 
4 lb. The furnace was built exactly like the one at Newcastle on Beaver Eiver, 
Western Peansylvania. The gas is tapped 8 feet below the tunnel head for boilers 
and 3 feet for hot blast. (Another authority says 7 feet to hot blast, and 12 feet to 
centre of boiler gas flue.) Makes 10 to 12 tons a day (90 tons week of visit). Made 
only No. I. ever since it began to blow 19 Dec. 1856. 

139. HOLLIDAYSBUBG (CHIMNEY EOCK) Furnace.- 95 mUes east of Pitts- 



burg. Has 2 tubs 5}^ by 5}4, 7 revolutions, tight. Hot pipes neclcs ,,3 by „10 No. 
45, cylinders ,,14; cold pipes ,,13. Ore fossil, 3 miles northeast in Frankstown 
township ,,12 to ,,19 thick, " 70 per cent." Put into blast Nov. 1856. Makes 60 to 
70 tons No. I. metal, per week. 

140. FEANKSTOWN Furnace.— Situated 1 mile northeast of Frankstown. Has 

2 iron tubs, 4 by 5. Distance down to boiler flue 7 feet, to hot blast flue I^ feet. 
Ore fossil alone. Was burnt out April 29, 18.55. Changed hands August 25, 1856, 
and again April 1857. Production got from the books. 

141. GAP (MAETHA) Furnace. — Situated in the gap of the mountain, 6 miles S. 
of HoUidaysburg, 6 miles west of Martinsburg, on Cove Creek or Spang's Springs; 
3J4 miles by turnpike from Newry Sidling on Portage E. E. Edw. F. Shoenberger, 
Germantown,Pa., is trustee, and Musselman & Barnitz are lessees of all the works 
in the gap and reside there. Ed. S. Hughes is assistant manager. Used anthracite 
the last blast. Furnace stopped 2]^ or 3 years ago, because charcoal became 
scarce. Has 2 iron tubs 4 by 5, geared 2 to 1. At first had wooden tubs with water 
power. Ore fossU from )i mile north ; and from 300 yards south, with railroad to 
bridge house. Iron cold short, mostly No. II. for the forges ; sent some to Phila- 
delphia and Pittsburg, Mixed some hematite from 3 miles on the road to Wood- 
bury. "A fine ore bank is on Spang's property IJ^ miles by turnpike southeast, 
not used by Gap but used somewhat by Bloomfield Furnace." Capacity, with 
charcoal 40 tons a week ; with coke or anthracite 70. Never made more than 50. 
Furnace for sale. Blew out probably in fall of 1854 after a year's blast. 

142. Furnace, not yet named, situated in Williamsburg. 

(CANOE Furnace. — On the Juniata Canal, 1 mile above Franklin Forge; owned 
by UeU, Keller & Co. has not been in use for 10 years and is going to ruin ; the 
stack stands but the machinery is removed ; built about 20 years ago.) 

143. SPRINGFIELD Furnace.— Situated on Piney Creek in Morrison's Cove, 5 
miles south of Williamsburg. Has 2 tubs 7>^ by 2}^, 6 revolutions, loose. Ore 
hematite, from 2 miles southeast. Iron, car-wheel and forge. 

144. EEBECCA Furnace. — Situated on Clover Creek, in Morrison's Cove, on the 
Williamsburg and Stonerstown road. Has 1 tub 4, ,2 by 5, 20 revolutions, tight. 
" Blast engine vertical with steam cylinder setting on blast cylinder, blowing into 
an iron receiver." Ore hematite. Iron made, forge iron for steel, wire and boUer 
plate. 

145. BLOOMFIELD Furnace. — Situated on head waters of Quarrel Eun, in Mor- 
rison's Cove, on HoUidaysburg and Bedford road. Commenced with hot blast 
Nov. 20, 1856, and " averaged 40 tons per week up to date" (Feb. 1857). Has 2 tubs 

3 by 3, 9 revolutions, loose. Ore, hematite, open bank % mile east ; 10 to 40 feet 
thick ; 40 per cent. ; cost of raising 75 cents. Iron, forge. 

146. SAEAH Furnace. — Situated on Juniata Creek, 5 miles west from Bloomfield 
Furnace in Morrison's Cove, 13 miles from HoUidaysburg on road to (and 20 miles 
from) Bedford. David C. McCormick, lessee, HoUidaysburg. JIathew Simpson, 
manager, Claysburg P. 0., Blair Co., Pa. Built in 1831, rebuilt 1847. Has 2 iron 
tubs 3, ,8 by 4, 11 revolutions (water wheel 7), water wheel 24 feet ; charcoal. Ore 
brown hematite with a little fossil. "More than a hundred banks, only wrought 
in two places, both 3X miles east, at the Bloomfield Furnace." Fossil ore, }i mile 
southeast. Iron sent chiefly to Maria Forges. Made 1854, 1,1033^ tons pig and 
50,945 lbs. castings ; 1835, 615)4 pig, 27 tons castings ; 1856, last blast 1,473 pig and 
castings ; say 16 -|- tons in 1847. 

147. LEMNOS Furnace. — Situated on Yellow Creek 2 miles above its confluence 
with the Eaystown Juniata, on the plank road from Bloody Eun to Hopewell. 
Has 2 tubs 5 by 2,, 8, 20 revolutions, loose. Hematite2)^ miles north, in Woodcock 
Valley, between Warrior Eidge and Coot Hill (a spur of Tussey Mountain) ; fossil, 
)i to 2}i miles west, and for 6 to 8 miles north on both sides of Coot HUl. 

(OLD HOPEWELL Furnace, below the town abandoned. The Huntingdon and 
Broad-Top E. E. ran through its coal -house.) 

148. EOUGH AND EEADY Furnace.— Situated on Coffee Eun, 114 miles east of 
the Huntingdon and Broad-Top E. R. Was formerly hot blast. Has one cylinder 
40 inch diameter. 

(PAEADISE Furnace, i}^ miles east of Bough and Eeady, inside Trough Valley, 
out of blast six or eight years.) 

Note (53). MAIDEN CEEEK Furnace.— Situated on Maiden Creek, 22 miles from 
AUentown, on the main road to, and 5 miles from, Hamburg, 8 from Kutztown, 15 
from Trexlertown, 6 miles from Moselem Furnace. It is driven by the water of a 
small branch of Maiden Creek. 

SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 
(BEEGEN Furnace, Monmouth County.) 

(HANOVEE Furnace, Burlington Co. Benj. Jones. Out 4 or 5 years.) 
(AT3I0N Furnace, BurUngton Co. M, T. Eichards & Co.) 

(BATSTO Furnace, below Atsion, on Little Egg Harbor River. Out 3 or 4 yrs.) 
(WEYMOUTH Furnace, out 4 years.) 

(TUCKAHOE Furnace, Cape May Co., a long while out of blast.) 
(CUMBERLAND Furnace, Cumberland Co. Ed. Smith's heirs. Out of blast 15 
years.) 

149. MILLVILLE Furnace. — Situated in the town of Millville, on Maurice Eiver. 
Probaljly more than 40 years old. Has 2 iron blast cyUnders. Regularly in blast 
until fall of 1S.J0. Eebuiltin 1853. Ore, bog ore ; mines in Delaware near Milton ; 
used other ores since 1853. Foundry for cast-iron pipes is in active operation ; 
consume 3 or 4,000 tons a year, obtained chiefly from Lehigh and Schuylkill Fur- 
naces. 

DELAWAEE. 

(MILLSBOEO' Furnace, at Millsboro', Sussex Co., Delaware, is the only furnace 
in the State. Has made no iron for about ten years, and is pretty much in ruins. 
It is owned by Mr. Gardner H. Wright, who resides at the place and runs a, cupola 
furnace.) 

E. MAEYLAND. 

(NASSA WANGLE Furnace, 5 miles northwest of Snowhill, and 50 miles south 
of Seaford, the terminus of the Delaware Central R. E. Stopped in 1849, and is 
now dUapidated. It was owned bv Thos. A. Spence until 1850 ; and at present by 
Geo. S. Eichardson, of SuowhUl, and Geo. H. Martin, of Philadelphia. "It is a 
pretty large furnace, buUt about 30 years ago." It stands at the head of Nassa- 
wangle Creek, one mile above the crossing of the SnowhUl and Newtown road ; 
Newtown being 16 miles distant.) •'• "• ^■ 



Entered aodording to tlie Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 
United States in and for the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylvania. 



90 



TABLE F.-FORGES. 



HiroSON-POTOMAC. 



sithation ; owners ; p. o. abdhess ; lessees and manaqeks. 



SOUTHERN NEW YOKE. 



24. Suffern's. 

25. Eamapo. 



% mile west of Suffern's Station E. E. R. Andrew "Winter, Ramapo P. 0. 
Opposite Eamapo Station E. E. E. Eamapo Manufacturing Co. J. Wilson, lessee. 



EocKLAND Co., N. T. 1849* 
Eockland Co., N. Y. 1800* 



NORTHERN NEW JERSEY. 



26. Ringwood. 

27. Long Pond. 

28. Paterson. 

29. Bloomingdale. 

30. Smith's. 

31. Charlottenliurg. 

32. Turner's. 

33. Stockholm. 

34. Methodist. 
3.5. Herringbone. 

36. Windham. 

37. Stoney Brook. 

38. Decker's R. V. 

39. Dixon's E. V. 

40. Powerville. 

41. Old Boonton. 

42. Troy. 

43. Durham. 

44. Split Rock. 

45. Stickel's Meriden. 

46. Richter's Meriden. 

47. Beach Glen. 

48. Eockaway. 

49. Bloomery. 

60. Denmark. 

61. Middle. 

62. Washington. 

63. Valley. 

64. Lower Longwood. 

65. Upper Longwood. 
56. Hardbargaia. 

67. Petersburg. 

68. Swedeland. 

69. Russia. 

60. Hopewell. 

61. Canistear. 

62. Sparta. 

63. Eagle. 

64. Morris A. W., 1. 

65. Morris A. W., 2. 

66. Columbia. 

67. Roseville. 

68. Lockwood. 

69. New Andover. 

70. Shippensport. 

71. Mount Olive. 

72. Bartleyville. 

73. Welsh's. 

74. Budd's, No. 1. 

75. Budd's, No. 2. 



6 miles west of Sloat's Station E. R. E. Trenton Iron Co. Philip E. George. 
9 miles west of Sloat's Station E. R. E. Trenton Iron Co. P. R. G., sup't. 

}^ mile south of railroad station. Paterson Iron Co. P. C. Beckwith, treas. 

13 miles northwest of Paterson Station E. E. R. Martin J. Ryerson, Bloomingdale, Passaic Co. 

Id'X miles northwest of Paterson Station E. R. E. G. & T. Smith, Bloomingdale P. 0. 

19 miles northwest of Paterson Station E. E. R. Geo. H. Eenton, Newark; C. P. D'Camp, manager. 



24 miles northwest of Paterson Station E. E. E. 

25 miles northwest of Paterson Station E. E. E, 
25 miles northwest of Paterson Station E. E. R. 

25 miles northwest of Paterson Station E. R. E. 

26 miles northwest of^Paterson Station E. R. R. 



John Turner, Stockholm. 

Horace Ford, Stockholm P. 0. 

John Lewis, Stockholm P. O. 

Jas. Ross, Newark. J. Lewis, lessee. 

Ed. Ford, Morristown. Ed. Kinead, lessee. 



Passaic Co., 
Passaic Co., 


, N. J. 
N. J. 


very old. 
very old. 


Passaic Co., 


, N. J. 


1852 


Passaic Co., 
Passaic Co., 
Passaic Co., 


N. J. 
, N. J. 
, N. J. 


1800, '41 
1847 
1840 


Passaic Co. 
Passaic Co., 
Passaic Co. 
Passaic Co.. 
Passaic Co., 


, N.J. 
, N. J. 
, N.J. 
. N.J. 

, N. J. 


1S25* 

1790* 

1780,* '50 

1800,* '57 

1790,* '49 



Morris Co., N. J. 1822,* '49* 

Morris Co., N. J. 1846* 

Morris Co., N. J. 1827, '44 

Morris Co., N. J. 1822* 

Morris Co., N. J. old, 1853 

Morris Co., N. J. old. 



10 miles northeast of Eockaway Station M. & E. E. R. J. W. Earles, Bronton P. 0. 

6 miles E. N. E. of Rockaway Station M. & E. R. R. Jno. & Jac. Decker, owners, Boonton P. O. 

5 Miles northeast of Rockaway Station M. & E. R. E. Wm. M. & Cyrus Dixon, Boonton P. O. 

4 miles east of Rockaway on canal and river. T. C. Willis, Boonton P. O. 

6 miles east of Rockaway, via Parcipany. Chas. A. Eichter, Boonton P. 0. 

6 miles E. S. E. of Rockaway via Pike. Smith & Cobb, Parcipany P. 0. 

8 miles N. N. E. of Rockaway Station. Crane's heirs. Wm. Dixon, ad'r, Eockaway, Yal. F. 

5 miles N. N. E. of Rockaway Station. And. B. Cobb, Parcipany P. 0. 
4 miles northeast of Rockaway Station. Chas. Stickle, Rockaway P. 

4 miles northeast of Eockaway Station. Geo. E. Eichter, exec'r, Rockaway P. 0. 
3 miles north of Rockaway Station. C. & S. S. Black, Eockaway P. 0. 

Eockaway Station, Morris and Essex E. E. Eockaway Iron and Steel Co. 
Eockaway, on canal, railroad and river. S. B. Halsey, owner. Is. H. Stickle, lessee. 

7 miles north of Rockaway, via Mt. Hope. E. R. Biddle, 35 Wall St. E. W. Temple, L. Berkshire Val P. 0. 

6 miles northwest of Rockaway, via Mt. Hope. Geo. E. 'Riehter, Rockaway P. O. 

5 miles west of Rockaway and on M. & E. E. E. Hen. McFarlane, Dover P. O. 

7 miles west of Eockaway Station. Jer. Baker, owner ; H. Baker, lessee and manager, Dover P. 0. 

10 miles northwest of Eockaway, via Pike. C. McFarlan, owner ; E. W. Temple, lessee, Berkshire VaL P. 0. Morris Co., N. J. 

11 miles northwest of Eockaway, via Pike. C. 0. Hoisted (N. Y.). ow'r. Nichols & Fichter, less., B. V. P. 0. Morris Co., N. J. 



Morris Co., N. J. 
Morris Co., N. J. 
Morris Co., N. J. 
Morris Co., N. J. 
Morris Co., N. J. 



1811* 
1790,* '37* 
1790 ? '40 

1820? 
1760? '56 



13 miles north of Rockaway, via Pike. 

14 miles nbrth of Rockaway, via Pike. 

15 miles north of Eockaway, via Pike. 

17 miles north of Eockaway, via Pike. 

18 miles north of Eockaway, via Pike. 



Step. Strait, Millin P. O. 

Lewis Chamberlain, Milton. 

Col. J. H. Stanborrough, Milton. 

Fred. W. Fichter, Milton. 

Jno. G. Harrison, Newfoundland P. 0. 



20 miles north of Rockaway, via Charlottenburg. Christian D. Day, Stockholm P. 0,, Morris Co. 
15 miles northwest of Eockaway on the Pike. Jas. & Jas. L. Dicker, Sparta. 

15 miles northwest of Eockaway, near the Pike. Lewis Sherman, Sparta. 

16 miles northwest of Eockaway, via Pike. Eich. E. Morris, Sparta. 
15 miles northwest of Rockaway, via Pike. Eich. E. Morris, Sparta. 

4 miles north of Stanhope. Sutton's heirs. St. Lyon, lessee, Sparta. 

3 miles north of Stanhope. Rose & Byerley, Stanhope P. 0. 

IJ^ miles northwest of Stanhope. Joralemon & Howell, Stanhope. 

IJ^ miles west of Stanhope. Gen. J. Smith, Waterloo P. 0. 

Near DrakesviUe Station M. & E. R. E. Jn,o. Slade, N. Y. City, owner. 

6 miles south of Stanhope. Wm. Stephens, Drakestown. 

6 miles south of Stanhope. Gideon Salmon, Flanders. 

6 miles south of Stanhope. Jac. S. Welsh's heirs. H. Tice, lessee, Chester. 

11 miles south of Stanhope. Daniel Budd. R. Day, manager, Chester P. O. 

%, mile below the last. Daniel Budd. E. Day, manager, Chester P. 0. 



Morris Co., N. J. old, 1855 
Morris Co., N. J. 1790* 

Morris Co., N. J. 1800,* '53 
Morris Co., N. J. old,'10,*'48 
Morris Co., N. J. 1850* 

Morris Co., N. J. 1780,* '14, '2S 
" " - - - ^gQQj 

1800? 

1790? 
1725? '50 

1801 
1775,* '46 
1780,* '30* 

1796, '32 
1823, '56 
1821, '33 



Morris Co., N. J. 
Morris Co., N. J. 
Morris Co., N. J. 
Morris Co., N. J. 
Morris Co., N. J. 

Sussex Co., N. J. 
Sussex Co., N. J. 
Sussex Co., N. ,T. 
Sussex Co., N. J. 
Sussex Co , N. J. 

Sussex Co., N. J. 1800 

Sussex Co., N. J. 1828 

Sussex Co., N. J. 1857 

Sussex Co., N. J. 1804, '47 

Morris Co., N. J. 1843,* '47 

Morris Co., N. J. 

Morris Co., N. J. 1790? '49 

Morris Co., N. J. 1800? '20 

MorrisCo.,N. J. old, '50, '56 

Morris Co., N. J. newer. 



[Continueh on pp. 94, 95. 

N. B. — * expresses close approximation to the truth without absolute certainty. ? expresses conjectural approximation upon the best information that could 
be obtained ; or, some supposed mistake. The small figures above and in front of the larger ones show what has been ; and in a few instances, explained in the 
notes, show a double set of measurements. Cokrections and additions are earnestly solicited on the ground that it is to the interest of all to have the tables as 
perfect as possible. J. P. L. 



1^^ The tables of Anthracite Furnaces and New England Furnaces, Forges, and Rolling Mills, with appended 
notes, already printed — as well as the forthcoming tables of Forges and Rolling Mills between the Hudson and the 
Potomac, and in the Southern and Western States — can be obtained by becoming a member of the Association, at an 
annual subscription fee, in advance, of $10 for one charcoal furnace, more than one $20; one mineral coal furnace 
$20, more than one $40 ; one rolling mill $20, more than one $40 ; all other description of works, each $5 ; no one indi- 
vidual firm, or company, more than $40 ; persons not in the iron business, when elected members, $20. 



91 
BULLETIN OE THE AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION JULY, 1857. 

PRODUCTION. 





NUMBER OF 




Kind 


CONS 


[JMPTIOX 


1856. 


? 


w 


Ph 


to 
a 

n 

P4 


p4 










V 

s 

o 
o 

s 


o 


C3 
o 
a 

3 
Ph 


CO 

a 

a 


a 

B 

a 


of 
power. 


S 
o 

o 


o 
to o 

o o 


C 



184:9. 



1854. 



1855. 



1856. 



of manufacture. 



■W'ks. Wks. Wks. 

Bl. Bar. Bl. Bar. Bl. Bar. 



SOUTHEEX NEW YORK. 


21. Suffern's .. .. 1 . 
23. Eamapo 2 =0 ^1 . 


. 2 2 
. 12 1 


Water 
Water 


.. .. ? 
.. .. ? 


. . 350* 2.5 
., 720 18 


. . 350* 30 
.. 50 9 


. . 300* 30 
.. 1.50 40 


Merchant bar. 
Steel and iron. 


24 
25 


NORTHERN NEW JERSEY. 








1070 


400 


450 







26. Ringwood 2 1 

27. Long Pond 4 2 

2S. Paterson .. 4 .. .. 4 4 

29. Bloomingdale 4 2 

30. Smith's 1 2 1 

31. Charlotteuburg '2 =1 2 

32. Turner's '0 2 1 

33. Stockholm 1 1 

34. Methodist 1 1 

35. Herringbone 1 2 2 

36. Windham =1 1 

37. Stony Brook 1 1 

38. Decker's 1 1 

39. Dixon's 1 1 

40. Powerville 2 2 1 

41. Old Boonton 2 1 

42. Troy 1 1 

43. Durham 1 1 

44. Splitrock 2 1 

45. Sticker s Meriden 1 1 1 

46. Richter's Meriden 1 1 

47. Beach Glen 2 . . 1 

48. Eockaway 6 . . 3 

49. Bloomery 2 l' 

60. Denmark 1 1 1 

51. Middle 2 1 

52. Washington 2 1 

53. Valley 1 1 

fi4. Lower Longwood 1 2 1 

65. Upper Longwood 1 '2 2 

66. Hardbargain ^1 1 

67. Petersburg 2 ~ 1 

68. Swedeland =1 1 

69. Russia 1 1 

60. Hopewell 2 1 

61. Canistear 1 1 

62. Sparta 1 2 2 

. 63. Eagle 1 3 2 

64. Morris A, W., 1 1 2 1 

65. Morris A. W. , 2 =1 1 

66. Columbia 1 2 1 

67. RosevOle ^1 1 

68. Lockwood 2 2 2 

69. New Andover "1 1 

70. Shippensport '2 1 

71. Mount Olive 1 1 

72. BartleyviUe 'I 1 1 

73. Welsh's 2 .. 1 

74. Budd's, No. 1 2 1 1 

75. Budd's, No. 2 2 1 1 



Water 


800 . . . . 


? 


400 




50 


400 




50 


400 




50 


Blooms. 


26 


Water 


1600 . . . . 


? 


SOO 


.. 


50 


800 




50 


800 


.. 


50 


Blooms. 


27 


Steam 


. . . . 100 650 ? 


.. 


898 


52 


.. 


680 


52 




601 


50 


Axles, tyres, &c. 


28 


Water 


500 . . . . 






210 


43 


.. 


255K47 




230} 


<43 


Bars and blooms. 


29 


Water 


100 . . . . 






20 


13 


,, 


20 


13 




52 


31 


Anchors and bars 


. 30 


Water 


300 . . . . 


1 




300 


43 


.. 


240 


43 




160 


42 


Bar iron. 


31 


Water 


.. ..80 






70 


39 




70 


39 




70 


39 


Anchors. 


32 


Water 


150 .. .. 




80 




39 


80 




39 


80 




39 


Blooms. 


33 


AVater 


150 . . . . 




80 




39 


80 




39 


SO 




39 


Blooms. 


34 


Water . 








97 


48 




80 


39 




00 





Anchors. 


35 


Water 


200 . . . . 


? 


235 




37 


235 




37 


100 


-• 


30 


Blooms. 


36 


Water 


150 .. .. 




00 







10 




6 


SO 




39 


Blooms. 


37 


Water 


120 . . . . 


? 




50 


40 




60 


40 




50 


40 


Blooms and bar. 


3S 


Water 


120 . . . . 








50 


40 




50 


40 




50 


40 


Bars. 


39 


Water 


500 . . . . 








200 


35 




200 


35 




200 


35 


Axle bars. 


40 


Water 
















.. 










Bars. 


41 


Water 


100 . . . . 


? 






40 


40 




40 


40 




40 


40 


Bars. 


42 


Water 


130 . . . . 






50? 




30 


50? 




30 


60* 




30 


Blooms. 


43 


Water 


475 . . . . 


. . ? 






125 


43 




123 


43 




1.50? 


43 


Slabs. 


44 


Water 


80 . . . . 


? 






33*34 




33* 


34 




35*34 


Bars and blooms. 


45 


Water 


150 . . . . 


? 






90 


34 




88' 


;C34 




60 


17 


Pagot bars. 


46 


Water 


250 . . . . 


? 






120 


32 




120 


32 




120 


32 


Blooms and bars. 


47 


Water 


250 .. .. 








00 







100 


22 




100 


22 


Steel. 


4,S 


Wafer 


250 . . . . 








ISO 


? 


.. 


60 


? 




100 


26 


Bars. 


49 


Water 


50? .. .. 








20? 


? 




20? 


? 




20? 


? 


Anchors. 


60 


Water 


400 . . . . 








123? 


39 




170 


46 




170 


43 


Bars. 


51 


Water 


350 . . . . 






. 


132 


? 


.. 


147 


? 




141 


? 


Bars. 


62 


Water 




? 






00 







,30* 


32 




00 





Bars and blooms. 


63 


Water 


200 . . . . 


? 






00 







63 


31 




85 


52 


Anchors. 


64 


Water 


1.50 . . . . 








50 


39 




40 


32 




50 


39 


Anchors. 


65 


Water 


100 . . . . 


? 


30 




21 


30 




21 






21 


Blooms. 


66 


Water 


130 .. .. 






75 


26 




60 


26 




60 


26 


Bar. 


57 


Water 


75 . . . . 


? 


30 




26 


25 




26 


25 




26 


Blooms. 


68 


Water 


90 . . . . 


? 


40 




26 


40 




26 


35 




26 


Blooms. 


69 


Water 


250 . . . . 


? 




100 


34 




100 


34 




100 


34 


Plate slabs. 


60 


Water 


125 . . . . 






75 


39 




73 


39 




50 


26 


Blooms and bars. 


61 


Water 


100 . . . . 


? 


.. 


35 


30 




40 


39 




40 


39 


Anchors. 


62 


Water 


90 .. .. 


? 




19 '^39 




15K26 




37ii35 


Anchors. 


63 


Water ) 
Water 5 


230 . . . . 


? 


.• 


SO 


40 




SO 


40 




90 


45 


Anchors. 


<64 
)65 


Water 


100 .. .. 






35 


32 




35 


32 




40 


36 


Anchors. 


66 


Water 


200 . . . . 






70*40 




70*40 




64 


40 


Bars. 


67 


Water 


00 . . . . 




00 


on 





00 


00 





00 


00 





Anchors. 


63 


Water 


90 .. .. 


? 




,50* 


47 




5? 


5» 




35 


31 


Blooms and bars. 


69 


Water 


400* . . . . 


? 




? 


? 


37 




? 


60 




32 


Boiler blooms. 


70 


Water 


250 . . . . 






6S 


45 




65 


44 




70 


46 


Bar of all kinds. 


71 


Water 


120* .. .. 


? 




40 


35 




45 


39 




30 


25 


Rivet bar. 


72 


Water 


200 . . . . 


? 




40? 


30 




1.3? 


10 




70 


50 


Bars and blooms. 


73 


Water ) 
Water J 


350 . . . . 


? 


^ 21914 ■■ 


? 


258 




? 


190 




? 


Boiler blooms. 


74 


I 15 


33 


? 


20 


36>^? 


18 


30 


? 


Bars and blooms. 


75 








2010 






2065 






1958 
















3534 




3323 




3200 






























[CONTIKCTED ON PP. 94, 95. 





NOTES TO TABLE F. 



(HAVERSTRAW.— Two abandoned forges stand on the creek back of Warren 
(on the west bank of the Tappan Sea), Rockland Co., N. Y.) 

{SUFFERN'S.— An old abandoned forge on the Maway at Suffern's, Rockland 
Co., N. Y.) 

24. SUFFERN'S Forge (Rolling Mill), on the west side of the Ramapo River, was 
a bloomery forge with two fires when first built. It was changed in 1S.33 to a roll- 
ing mill with 2 trains of rolls. Has one shingling and one die hammer for finish- 
ing iron of any shape. Consumes Cumberland coal. Last year all scrap iron; 
previously pig and scrap. Made car axles altogether until a year ago (July '57), 
since when merchant bar of all shapes. 

25. RAMAPO Forge (Iron and Steel Works). — Now owned by heirs of Jere. G. 
Pierson (Hen. L. Pierson, 24 Broadway, New York, and others). Has 2 common 
bloomery fires built in 1830,* both in use ; 2 single puddling furnaces, used occa- 
sion.ally; 12 double furnaces for making cast-steel all in use; 3 converting fur- 
naces not now used ; } cast-iron T helve hammer, and 2 trains of rolls. Fuel, 
anthracite for melting steel, wood for heating steel, charcoal for blooming, Cum- 
berland for heating iron. In 1851, '2, '3 used 80 tons anthracite per week; 14 to 
1500 bushels charcoal and }i ton Cumberland to a ton of iron for the two heating 



furnaces, and about 2 cords of wood a day for heating steel. Have used 20 tons of 
steel scrap in last two months, which would be about the average consumption ; 
everything else is ore, 3i from Townsend's Sterling Mine and }i from Ringwood 
Mine, both 7 miles southwest. For a year past all the iron made has been con- 
verted into steel ; previously sold bar iron from the rolls to New York. Works 
injured by the freshet of 1S54 (stopped May 1, '54), before which time 7 puddling 
furnaces and 19 steel melting furnaces, averaging 60 tons a week, losing two-thirds 
time. Had begun to make cast-steel two weeks before the freshet; made 10 tons. 
(Spring steel had been made for 20 years, averaging 30 tons a week, besides iron, 
in 1S31, 1852, and 1S53.) In 18.35 began about Nov. 1 and rolled about 50 tons of 
Lake Champlain blooms, converting 27 tons into steel. In 1856 made about 40 tons 
of iron and say 110 into cast steel. 

(SLOAT'S Forge and a forge above Sloat's, on the Ramapo River above the Eam- 
apo Works, marked on the New Jersey map, but in ruins.) 

(AUGUSTA Works.— On the Ramapo, 3 miles above the Orange Co. line ; a forge 
in ruins; not used for 50 years.) 

(STERLING Works. — On the head waters of the Pequest River ; three marked 
on the map not now in existence.) 



92 



(OLD EINGWOOD Forge.— In the village of Eingwood, on the Peqnest Eiver, 
IK miles below the State, 3;4 miles from Stoat's Station, E. E. E. ; in ruins. Made 
its last iron about 1822.) 

26. EINGWOOD Forge. — At Boardville on the Pequest, 4 miles below the State 
line ; has 2 bloomery tires, and with Long Pond Forge, 4 miles to the northwest of 
it, on Long Pond Eun, was built by Baron Hass before the Eevolution. Iron made 
direct from an ore similar to the Lake Champlain Arnold ore, all from one deposit 
(with 22 openings), one mile west of Kingwood. The 1,200 tons of bloom go to 
Trenton and make 1,000 tons of wire. 

27. LONG POND FOEGE. 

28. PATEESON Forge (Iron Works).— On the east side of the railroad. S. Jaqna, 
superintendent, Paterson P. 0. Four of the eight fires are for welding locomotive 
tires; the smith fires are in a separate building; 3 hammers are Kirk's and 1 
Watt's. Has a machine for rolling up the tires. Engine 40 horse. Fuel, 3,000 
tons Cumberland a year. Make all sorts of locomotive forgings. Import 500 tons 
of English bars for locomotives. Market east and far west. Made in 1854, 378 tons 
tires, 520 forgings ; 1855, 320 tons tires, 460 tons forgings ; 1856, 601 tons car axles, 
piston rods, &c., besides 500 tons foreign bar turned up into tires. 

(SCHEALENBUEG Forge, marked on the map l]4 miles east of Old Bridge on 
the Hackensack, seems to have no existence.) 

29. BLOOMINGDALE Forge. — On the Pequannock Eiver, i}4 miles above Pomp- 
ton ; has been in existence 50 years ; rebuilt 1839 ; again 1841. Once owned by the 
Ogdens, who owned also Pompton. Turns Eingwood ore, 10 miles northwest (see 
F, 26, notes), into bar and fagot iron for steamer shafts and slabs for boiler plate, 
using 2 fires for blooms and 2 for finishing (day work). In 1854 made }i bar, }^ 
bloom. In 1855, % bar, }^ bloom. In 1856, ^ bar, }^ bloom. In 1857, since April 
1, run 2 fires only. 

The bloomery furnace is 18 in. deep below the tuyere, 28 in. wide and 34 in. 
long ; the foreplate (often an old hammer) 3 or 4 in. above the tuyere ; tuyere noz- 
zle 1>^ inch wide on its floor, or flat bottom, and 1)^ inch, on its perpendicular 
diameter ; one tuyere. Blast for four fires made by a cylinder 5 by 5, with 12 re- 
volutions of the crank a minute, air heated to the red heat of iron. (Mr. Eyerson.) 

(FEEELAND'S Forge, 1 mile above Bloomingdale, has disappeared within a few 
years.) 

30. SMITH'S Forge. — On the Pequannock Eiver, 2}4 miles above Bloomingdale, 

4 below Charlottenburg; existed a century ago ; the old forge disappeared before 
the new one was built. The two heating fires are in an anchor shop alongside. 
Ores, Eingwood (F, 26, note), 11 miles northeast ; Allen ; Byran, 1 mile from Allen 
bank ; Succasunna ; separately or all mixed Four years made anchors ; for 2 last 
years mostly bar iron, some fagots, some blooms, for Newark, New York, &c. 

(Two forges, between Smith's and Charlottenburg, existed at the time the Loudon 
Company owned the Eingwood, Long Pond, Charlottenburg, and Mount Hope 
Works.) 

31. CHAELOTTENBTJEG Forge.— C. F. D'Camp, Newfoundland P. 0., Morris 
Co., N. J. Is built on the site of an old furnace abandoned in 1772, a piece of pig 
metal from which is still preserved, stamped 1770. It stands in a bend of the 
Pequannock, 7J^ miles above Bloomingdale and 11 miles north of Eockaway. Ore, 
Hibernia, 8 miles S. S. W. ; Ogden 9 west, mixed ; for the last two years mostly 
Eingwood, 15 northeast. 'The ores in this neighborhood are so occupied now by 
the iron works in Pennsylvania, that it is diflScuU to get them. Make mostly flat 
and square bar for Powerville and canal ; in winter by Eockaway and railroad to 
New York. Work commonly night and day, making in 12 hours with 1 fire, 4 
loups of from 10 to 11 cwt. 

(CLINTOlf Forge.— 4 miles N. N. W. of Charlottenburg and IK mile from the 
river, on a run from Buck and Cedar Ponds ; stopped in 1853 and is in ruins. It 
had an anchor shop alongside.) 

32. TUENEE'S Forge uses the same ores as the following three forges ; some from 
Ogden, 3 miles west. Made no use of the bloomery fire in 1854, '55, '56, until June 
1857. Finished off the anchors from Methodist Forge for Hew York ; now make 
no anchors. 

33. STOCKHOLM Forge —At Stockholm on the Pequannock, 2 miles below the 
county line of Essex ; built 60 or 70 years ago ; burnt down in the fall of 1856. 
Had formerly 2 bloomery fires. Ores, Eingwood magnetic (F, 26, note) 16 miles 
northeast; Stockholm mines 2% miles northeast; Allen mines 16 miles south. 
Send blooms to Dover, Eockaway, Eingwood. 

34. METHODIST Forge.— 300 yards west of Stockholm on the Pequannock ; 80 
or 90 years old ; rebuilt 5 or 6 years ago ; had anchor fires which were washed 
away. Ores, like the last. Make anchor iron from the Herringbone anchor shop. 
Made 1854 ^ octagon iron, K blooms. 

35. HEEEINGBONE Anchor Forge (formerly MADISON).— >^ mile above Metho- 
dist, on Pequannock Eiver, l)^ below Snutftown. Built 50 or 60 years ago ; rebuilt 
1857. Had 3 fires ; was idle 2 years ; has 1 bloomery and 2 anchor fires. Ores, 
same. Was run 2 years by Mr. Temple and made 97 tons from May '53 to May '54 
(E. W. T.), losing 2 months, and running 3 months night and day. From May '54 
to '55, SO tons losing 3 months and running only by day. 

36. WINDHAM Forge. — ]4 mile above Herringbone and % mile below Snuflf- 
town on the Penannock ; built about 70 years ago ; rebuilt 1849. Improved oven 
cliimney. Improved T faced hammer. Use Eingwood ore, with a water separator. 
Make blooms for Eingwood. Make a few tons of billet iron, 3 to 4 in. square and 

5 to 6 feet long. In lS54-'55, used 2 fires. 

(Note. — For Margems, Canistear, Franklin, and the Sparta Forges, of Essex Co., 
see further on, 61-65.) 

37. STONY BROOK Forge.— Pequannock Township, on Stony Brook, 7 miles 
due west of Pompton (9 by road), 6 miles north of Boonton, 4 miles southwest of 
Bloomingdale. Has existed about 35 years j rebuilt about 8 years ago. Uses Mt. 
Hope ore 15 miles southwest; Hibernia ore sometimes, 8 miles west, or Eingwood 
17 miles northeast; simple or mixed. Make octagon iron and blooms (occasion- 
ally finished bars), for Powerville, Dover and Eingwood. 1854 and '55 idle, until 
Dec. In 1856 ran 18 hours a day, making 5 loups a day (K ton). 

38. DECKER'S Rockaway Valley Forge.— On Stony Brook, 3 miles north of 
Powerville. Ores, Hibernia, 5 miles west ; mostly Mt. Hope, 10 miles west ; mixed. 
Make lately "i blooms for Powerville and the rest octagon for Dover, and bar iron 
for New York. 

39. DIXON'S Rockaway Valley Forge.— On Middle Brook, 1>< miles north of 
Powerville. The old forge of same name, built in 1827 and destroyed in 1835 or 
'36, was about 40 yards east of the present one, built in 1844. Ore magnetic, 
Allen, 8 miles northwest ; Hibernia (a little last year) 4 miles northwest. Make 
sometimes octagon iron for Dover, mostly finished bars for New York. 

40. POWEBVILLE Forge. — In Powerville, 1 mile northwest from Boonton ; pro- 



bably 100 years old. Ore, Hibernia ; magnetic separator, 2>^ to make 1 ton of iron. 
80,000 bushels charcoal per annum for forge and 600 tons of hard coal for heating 
furnaces. 

41. OLD BOONTON Forge.— On Eockaway Eiver, 3 miles south of Troy, V/i 
north of Parcipany village. A slitting mill before and a rolling mill just after the 
Eevolution. Ore, Allen's. Iron, octagon bars for the Dover EoUing Mill, and 
finished iron. 

42. TEOY Forge. — On Parcipany River, 8 miles northeast of Morristown via 
Littletown and Parcipany. As old as Oxford. Ore, Hibernia and Allen; 2)^ tons 
to the ton of iron. Oak and Chestnut plenty in the neighborhood. 

(TIMBER BROOK Forge stopped from 6 to 10 years ago and is in ruins. It lies 
IK miles due north of Durham (43).) 

43. DURHAM Forge. — Head of Beaver Brook, 3 miles south of Charlottenburg; 
built about 40 and rebuilt about 30 years ago ; soon to be sold. Ore, Allen chiefly, 
for a year past. Made all blooms 1856 except 25 tons of octagon iron for Dover. 
Blooms and octagon iron for three years. 

44. SPLITROCK Forge.— Foot of Beaver Lake ; built perhaps more than 60 or 
70 years ago, rebuilt about 20 years ago. Ore, Lyonsville magnetic 1)^ miles east ; 
separator. 1856 slabs entirely ;. previously, bars; Rockaway, New York, Jersey 
City. Average 4K tons of slabs a week. Less in 1855, smaller iron. 

45. STICKEL'S MERIDEN Forge.— On Beaver Brook, 2% miles south of Split- 
rock. Built 16 or 17 years ago, on the site of one built as much as 70 years ago. 
Ore, Allen's, chiefly; Beach's 3K miles southwest; rarely Hibernia, 2K west; mix 
the two former. Make chiefly octagon iron for Dover ; some blooms for Powerville. 
Make about 25 cwt. a week, day work only. 

46. EICHTEE'S MERIDEN Forge, near the last, was an old forge 20 years ago. 
Ore, Allen's and Mt. Hope mixed. Make fagoting iron, 4 in. square, 4 to 5 feet 
long. One ton a week a good average for day work. Worked night and day. 

(HIBEENIA Forge, on west branch of Beaver Eun, 2 miles west by north of the 
Meriden Forges, was washed away in 1850.) 

47. BEACH GLEN Forge. — On west branch of Beaver Run, 2 miles west by 
south of the Meriden Forges. Built SO or 100 years ago, rebuilt 1856. Ore mag- 
netic, mostly Hibernia, 1 mile north ; now from Beach's mine % mile west ; some 
Allen. Hibernia is not improved by mixing. Make blooms for Powerville, octa- 
gon for Dover, and bar for New York, in equal quantities. In 1853, made 72 tons 
in one fire. 

(MUIR'S Foi'ge, 1 mile south of last, has not been running for 6 years. Two 
others marked on the map do not exist.) 

48. EOCKAWAY Forge.— Built in 1S04 or 5 ; has not been in use since 1853. It 
became a steel mill in 1855, and ran a part of that year and up to May 31, 1856. 
Has 5 converting fires for blister steel from iron, and steel from ore, and IS melt- 
ing fires, and uses the rolls and 3 hammers of the rolling mill. (See G, , note.) 
For steel use }i ore and % scrap ; for blister steel, K scrap. Made about 200 tons 
in the two years, all cast-steel. Coal, anthracite, 3 tons to 1 ton of steel; a little 
charcoal for converting. (F. Wood, agent.) 

49. BLOOMERY Forge. — "Has made 120 tons of bars per annum ;" makes a few 
blooms. Ore, Allen's sorted, 2K tons to 1 of finished bar. Allen's ore is richer 
than Hibernia. Will rebuild this summer (1857). 

(FRANKLIN, COLERAINE, NINKEY, and SHONGUM, are abandoned forges 
south of Dover, on Den Brook (named in an ascending order). Franklin is in 
ruins, abandoned 15 years ago ; Coleraine (perhaps the same as Ninkey) was aban- 
doned 60 years ago ; Ninkey about the same time ; Shongum about 25 years ago.) 

(PITHEY'S Forge, on Indian Brook in the same line to the southwestj was aban- 
doned about 25 years ago. Still another one nearly at the county line appears 
marked upon the map, but does not exist.) 

50. DENMARK Forge, on the east fork of Burnt Meadow Brook, has existed for 
50 years ; rebuilt 1853. Ore magnetic, Mt. Hope 2K miles south. Market New 
York and Baltimore. 

51. MIDDLE Forge. — 1 mile from Denmark Furnace down Burnt Meadow Brook, 
5 miles by road from Dover, or from Rockaway (which is the best road). .^TNA 
Forge stood within a few yards of this one, and was washed oif before this was 
built, built 40 or 60 years ago. JEtna was built about the time of the Eevolution. 
Middle was rebuilt 8 or 10 years ago. Ores, Allen, 3 miles S. S. E. ; Mt. Hope, 2 
southeast, mixed; some Mt. Pleasant, 3K miles S. S. W. "There is a vein of 
hematite K mile south." Finished bars for New York; some octagon bars for 
Dover; some blooms. Capacity about 200 tons, losing one month a year. The 
second fire was built in 1854. (G. E. R.) 

(MT. PLEASANT Forge, 2K miles from Dover, IK miles below Berkshire Val- 
ley, belongs to Jos. Huff and has not been running for 6 or 7 years, and is nearly 
in ruins. (E. W. T.) 

52. WASHINGTON Forge.— Was old in 1810 ; built about 1800 by Chas. Hoff 
and Hogle, and rebuilt at various times. The hammer weighs 600 lbs. Uses 400 
bushels of charcoal to 1 ton of bars. Makes \}i in. octagon bars only. Made iu 
the years from 1850 to 1856 as follows : 235, 116, 179, 167, 132, 147, 141 tons. 

53. VALLEY Forge. — On the Rockaway River where it leaves the Longwood 
Valley, 1 mile from the railroad ; existed since 1775 or 'SO ; rebuilt 1814 and 182S ; 
had 2 bloomery fires before 1814 ; hammer 6 cwt. Ore magnetic, from Saccasunna, 

4 miles south, y^ mile northeast of Gen. Dickerson's mine. Forge stopped October 
1855. 

(Four forges are marked on the map above Valley Forge on the river, but none 
are known now to exist, until we get up to Lower Longwood. About % mile below 
it was a forge before Lower Longwood was built. (J. H. S.) No one knows of there 
having ever been forges at Berkshire Valley P. 0.) 

54. LOWER LONGWOOD. — t miles above Valley Forge, and 3 miles north of 
Berkshire Valley P. 0. on the turnpike. Repaired 18.54. Two anchor fires. Ore 
magnetic, Allen, 6 miles southeast; some Hopewell, 9 miles northwest; depends 
this year on Welden mine, 3 miles northwest. Make nothing but anchors for New 
York and Baltimore. Year from May '55 to May '56, 107 tons. 

55. UPPER LONGWOOD.— IK mile higher up the river, 8 miles south of Stock- 
holm. Use two of the four anchor fires, and one trip and one forge hammer. Fuel, 
charcoal in the bloomery ; charcoal and Cumberland mixed in the anchor fires; 
allow 1 ton of Cumberland to 1 of anchor iron, but do not use quite so much ; can 
make a ton out of 15 cwt. Ore, Allen, 7 miles southeast. Make only anchors (for 
New York) 40 to 60 tons a year. (Make 65-70 tons. E. L.) 

(WOODSTOCK Forge. — On the river, IK miles above Upper Longwood. Stopped 

5 or 6 years ago, and is now a woollen manufactory.) 

(HUED'S Forge.— At Hurdtown 2K miles west of Upper Longwood, and 7 miles 
northwest of Dover, where the turnpike crosses the brook at the head of Hopat- 



93 



cong Pond. Was bnilt 60 years ago (the mine opened in 1793 ? and the forge soon 
after), and constantly used until 1833, when the pond was raised for a reservoir to 
the canal. It had 1 bloomery tire of the 2 originally huilt. It is claimed by the 
heirs of Dr. Wm. B. Lefevre and Wm. Wood.) 

(WALDON Forge, 2 miles above Kurd's, on the same brook, and 2 miles north- 
west from Upper Longwood is abandoned.) 

56. HAEDBAEGAIN Forge. — }^ mile southeast of Petersburg. Built more than 
60 years ago ; had 2 bloomery fires. Ore, Allen ; some little Ogden ; little Mount 
Pleasant and Irondale. Makes mostly blooms ; some octagon iron. Could make 
80 tons a year running day and night. Water power constant. 

57. PETEESBURG Forge. — 3K miles north of Upper Longwood Furnace, 1 mile 
southeast of Milton, 5 miles southeast of Stockholm. Built say 70 and rebuilt 
about 7 years ago. Ore, Allen ; sometimes Eingwood, Ogden Make mostly octa- 
gon iron ; not 10 tons blooms in last 2 years. Made 50 tons with one fire 1836. Can 
make 120 tons a year, day work. Water sufficient for W}4 months. 

58. SWEDELAND Forge. — At the west end of Milton Village. Ore Allen ; in 
1856 mostly from Ogden; some Succasuuny; formerly Mt. Pleasant; mix when 
possible ; also Scofleld's " Ford" mine, 2 miles southwest. Make most blooms and 
some octagon, for Eockaway and Dover and occasionally New York. Dull market ; 
running half time. Water suflicient for 10 months ; have made 80-90 tons a year; 
one fire, if run steady, would make 50 tons a year. 

59. EUSSIA Forge. — 2 miles ab~6ve Milton. Had 2 bloomery fires a year or two 
ago. Ore magnetic, from Oakhill, 3 miles N. N. W. (a new mine 200 yards north 
of the Ogden) the ore of which is approved and will be used unmixed. Formerly 
used Vulcan Head ore, X mile southwest of the Ogden. Have made blooms for 
Oakhill near Stockholm ; now octagon iron. Used to make 100 tons a year, day 
and night. (F. W. F.) 

60. HOPEWELL Forge.— (Ed. D'Camp, manager, Powerville P. 0., Morris Co.) 
1 mile above Eussia Forge, at the very head of Eockaway Eiver. Built 4 or 5 years 
after Eussia Forge by same person. Col. Sam'l Ogden, who first opened the Ogden 
mine ; rebuilt at least twice, last time 20 or 25 years ago. Has a half ton patent 
hammer. Ore, 1856, Oakhill ; previously Ogden. Made boiler plate billets 8 or 10 
in. by 4 or 5, 2 ft. long, weighing 2 to 3 cwt. for Jersey City. 

61. CANISTEAE Forge.— On the Pacack Brook in Sussex Co., 3 miles north of 
Stockholm in Morris Co. One fire not used for some years. Owned by Adam 
Smith. Ore Ogden, Eingwood, Allen, Mt. Hope ; commonly mix the two Eingwood 
ores. Make JJ blooms for Eingwood ; >^ octagon bars for Dover. 

(M.IEGEM'S Forge, at Smithville, on Shomover Brook, 1}^ miles west of Canis- 
tear, was formerly called Dunton's Forge, and was washed away Sept. 18.30.) 

(FEANKLIN Forge, 6 miles west of Canistear, has not been run for 20 years, 
and is entirely gone.) 

(OGDENSBUEG Forge, 2 miles south of Franklin, was destroyed in "Kinney's 
Flood," 1794. 

62. SPAETA (DECKEE'S) Forge.— K mile below Sparta Centre (on the Eocka- 
way and Milford pike). Renewed in 1856. Two anclior fires, one 6 cwt. forge and 
one trip hammer. Use 15 or 20 tons of Cumberland coal a year in the anchor fires. 
Ore magnetic, Ogden, 6 miles east (bought separated). 

63. EAGLE Forge. — Alittle southeast of village of Sparta. Three heating fires for 
anchors. One hammer for blooming and one for forging. Ore maguetic, from 4 
openings close together }i mile east. Send anchors to New York. Made in 1854, 
19,635 lbs. ; 1855, 15,9.59 lbs. ; 1856, 35,723 lbs. of anchors. 

64. MOEEIS Anchor Works, No. 1.— At the outlet of Norman's Pond (1 mile 
long and % mile wide), 1 mile east of Sparta. (Derrey & Morris, lessees.) Has 
one 640 lb. hammer. Makes anchors for New York, New Orleans, St. Louis,- 
Chicago, &c. 

65. MOEEIS Anchor Works, No. 2. — One mile below, on the east branch of the 
Walkill, or Byram's Mill Brook. Euus one fire, and makes anchor forms for the 
upper works, under a 640 lb. hammer, from magnetic ore (separated in the works) 
from Vulcan Hill, 4 miles east (3 openings). Both forges made 70 tons of anchor 
each year ; and 1854 10 tons, 1855 10 tons, 1856 20 tons octagon bar, &c. 

66. COLUMBIA Forge.— On Lubber Run, 6>^ miles S. S. W. of Sparta. Ore mag- 
netic from Dickerson's mine; Glendon Company's mines in Morris Co. (2^ tons 
ore to 1 ton iron). 

67. ROSEVILLE Forge.— On Lubber Eun, 1 mile south of last. " Make 1}^ tons 
of iron a week ; one ton of ore will make half a ton of iron." Make octagon bar 
for rivet works at Dover. 

68. LOCKWOOD Forge.— On Lubber Eun 2]4 miles below the last, and 14 mile 
above its mouth at Audover Forge. A new forge will blow in next week (June 
24, 1857), to make anchors exclusively ; 1 small, 1 large hammer. Expect to make 
3 tons a week. Ore magnetic, Dickerson (Saccasuny), 8 miles southeast and 4 
miles west of Dover. There was a forge near this called by the same name aban- 
doned in 1836 and run for 50 years previously. 

69. NEW ANDOVER Forge.— On Musconetcong Eiver, 1)^ miles from Waterloo 
Station E. E. Built 62 or 53 years ago. One hammer 5 or cwt. Have used but 
one fire for 3 or 4 years. Supposed to use from 100 to 150 tons of ore in 1856. 
Ore Dickerson. Forge stopped by high price of ore. 

(STANHOPE Forges dismantled.) 

(BEOOKLAND Forge, at outlet of Hopatcong Pond, 2}^ miles above Stanhope, 
was destroyed 30 years ago by the building of the Morris Canal.) 

70. SHIPPENPORT Forge.— On the canal, 3 miles east of Stanhope. "Made 
1854, 300 tons boiler blooms ; the works stood still 5 mouths ; this also at Ship- 
pensport and Charcoal. 1855, A. A. Eegs, of Drakesville, made at Shippensport 
some 37 tons, boiler blooms; charcoal works still most of the time. 1S56, 60 tons 
boiler blooms, out of 8 months, 2 weeks idle." (D. L. Merrit ) D. L. Merrit, late 
manager, now at NicoUs & Co.'s Works, Croton, N. Y. Ore, "blue ore" from 
Hibernia and Byrom mines; "red ore" from Waterloo. Has a separator cylinder 
with 500 magnets, which takes up the crushed ore, which is brushed into a screw 
tube, the dirt passing ofi' with the band. It requires 2V^ to 3 tons of crude ore, 
and but 2 tons of cleaned ore to make a ton of iron. 

71. MOUNT OLIVE Forge.- 2>^ miles below the outlet of the South Branch 
Raritan Eiver from Budd's Lake, 12 miles west from Dover, and 6 miles east of 
Hackettstown on the road to Morristown. 

72. BARTLEYVILLE Forge.— (The old in this neighborhood.) 1 mile below the 
last; rebuilt 8 years ago. Ore, Mt. Pleasant, 3 tons to 1. Makes bar and heavy 
iron, all for Dover. Made 83,318 lbs. in 1854 ; 98,071, 1855 ; 63,620, 1856. 

73. WELSH'S (old Petersburg) Forge.— 1 mile below the last. Geo. Crater, ad- 
ministrator, Flanders P. 0. Ore, Dickerson, 8 miles E. N. E. ; 2]4 tons to 1 of rivet 



iron ; 2^ to 1 of boiler bloom. Can work up 400 tons per annum ; probably 200 
in 1856. Run one fire a little in 1855 ; two steadily from Sept. 1855. 

74. BUDD'S Forge, No. 1.— On Black River, 3 miles southwest of Chester. 
Rigged for 3 hammers, use one. Will use 500 tons of ore and make 200 tons of iron 
this year (18.57). Stopped last summer (1856) to repair. Ore, Budd's mines close 
by. Make boiler blooms for Philadelphia and New York. 

75. BUDD'S Forge, No. 2. — X mile below the last. Rigged for 2 fires, use one, 
Makes bar for neighborhood. 

SOUTHEAST PENNSYLVANIA. 

76. OXFORD Iron and Steel Works.— See Table G, note 46, p. 100. 

77. NOREIS'S Forge.- In Philadelphia, 17th Street above CallowhlH. This is 
part of the locomotive manufactory so well known abroad and at home. 

78. FAIEHILL Forge. — Makes hammered bar, axles, and shaftings. Lost 12 
weeks. (See note after 192.) 

79. VEEREE'S WORKS ; trip hammer for blooming up scrap. 

80. FLAT ROCK Forge.— In Manayunk. Market at home. Idle 1854, 4 weeks, 

5 forge fires ; 18,55, same ; 1856, 3 weeks. 

81. PENCOYD Forge.— West side of Schuylkill, }4 mile below Manayunk. One 
heating furnace. Market home, south, west. 

82. GREEN LANE Forge.— On Perkiomen Creek, at the forks of the Perkiomen 
andSpringhouse— Sumneytown turnpikes. Product stated also thus : 1834 — bloom 
120, cinder bloom 100, bar 20, tons ; 1855—110, 90, 15, tons. 

83 GLASGOW Forge. — On the Manatawny Creek, J^ mile above its mouth. 
Made in 1854-5, 228 tons blooms; 1855-6, 222 tons blooms; 2 fires in use. 

84. MT. PLEASANT Forge (formerly FISH'S).— On the northwest branch of 
Perkiomen Creek, and Pottstown — Kurtztown road, 1 mile below Schall's Forge ; 
2 miles from Schultzville. Market at home and east. Idle 1854, 3 months ; 1855, 
2 months; 1856, 2ii months. 

85. DISTRICT Forge, No. 1. 

86. DISTRICT Forge, No. 2 (formerly Deysher's Forge).— On Pine Creek on the 
road from Douglassville. 

87. EOCKLAND Forge, No. 1 (formerly A. C. DeTuck's). 

88. EOCKLAND Forge, No. 2.-1849, 150 tons cinder ; 1855, 50 tons cinder. 

89. OLEY Forge. — On Manatawny Creek, 2 miles east of Friedensburg. Lately 
changed hands. 

90. SPEING Forge. — On the Manatawny Creek. Market at home. 

91. DALE Forge. — Stage road from Pottstown to the forge ; situated in the Eisen- 
thal, or Iron Dale, in which the old Dale Furnace stood, 100 yards or less lower 
down the stream, which is a branch of Perkiomen. The furnace has not been 
blown for 50 years. From April 1, 1854, to April 1, 1855, made 103 tons of bar and 
39 tons of flat blooms. 

(BLOOM Forge.— Owned by Horatio Trexler, Dale P. 0. Built in 1830 ; 2 forge 
fires, 1 hammer. Made 100 tons of bar in 1849, employing 15 men and boys and 5 
horses.) 

92. SPEEDWELL Forge, No. 1. 

93. SPEEDWELL Forge, No. 2. 

94. EXETER Forge (formerly Gen. Keim's ; then Meyer &Yocum's).— On Antie- 
tam Creek, 4 miles north of Birdsboro', 1 mile north of Reading and Perkiomen 
Creeks. Idle 1834, 4 weeks ; 1853, 6 weeks ; 1856, 9 weeks. 

(ALSACE Forge. — Abandoned for 6 or 7 years.) 

95. SEIDEL'S Forge. — North of the pike ; one forge, one tilt hammer. Idle 4 
months 1834 and '65 ; 2 months 1856. 

96. KEYSTONE Forge (and Rolling Mill).— Has 2 heating furnaces, and will 
build a third in 1857. Consumes principally old railroad iron, for axles, shaftings, 
and other forgings. 1834, 4 weeks; 1855, 26* weeks; 1856, 52 weeks, Began Dec. 
1, 1854. Will add (1857) a train of rolls (from Glendon Works, Mass.) for heavy 
shaftings, bridge bolts, &c., and 4 single puddling and 2 heating furnaces. Will 
start perhaps Aug. 1. Engine 125 horse power. 

97. READING Steam Forge. — Has been in operation (June 16) 5 months. Uses 

6 to 6 tons of ore, pig, and old rail a day. Hammers: one 7 ton Nasmyth, three 
Kirks, No. 1, 2, and 3. Three puddling furnaces. 

ReAdino, Pa., Nov. 29, 18,56. 
G. N. EcKERT, Esq. 

Dear sir; The following are the particulars of the shafts made for the "Adriatic" 
at the Reading Steam Forge in this city. 

Two Shafts in the Rovgh. 

Length of each 35]^ feet. 

Diameter " 28>| inches. 

Weight " • 89,500 lbs. 

Finished. 
Length of each (same) .... 351^ feet. 

Diameter " 2iy, inches. 

Weight " 78,500 lbs. 

Both were turned ofi' complete before leaving the forge for New Y''ork. 

Besides the above, two cranks were made, each 26,500 lbs. rough and 18,800 lbs. 
finished, each of 12 feet stroke. 

The forge is the largest and most complete in this country. It contains four 
hammers, of J^ a ton, 3.^, 1^, and 7 tons weight respectively, each hammer sup- 
plied with double furnaces. It has, also, puddling furnaces, blacksmiths' forges, 
turning lathes (on oue of which the above shafts were turned), slotting and cut- 
ting machines, &c. &c., and is fully equal in capacity for heavy work to any forge 
in the world. Very truly, yours, 

G. A NicoLLs. 

"The shafts of the 'Adriatic' were forged in twelve working days each, at the 
Reading Steam Forge. They were commenced on what is called a 'porter bar,' 
forming a tapering handle, to which are attached 'levers' or cranks, to turn the 
shaft in its slings while under the hammer. The porter bar was first heated, and 
then fiattened at its thick end to receive a 'pile' of bloom bars each about 230 
lbs. weight, all of which were welded solid with each other and the bar, thus 
forming the commencement of the shaft itself. The end of the shaft thus com- 
menced was again heated to receive another pile of bars as already described, and 
the same process thus repeated until the shaft was made the length required. 
When the shaft becomes sufficiently long, the ' porter bar' is cut off, and the turn- 
ing cranks attached to the ?haft itself. 



94 



SITPATIOS ; 0WKEK3 ; P. O. ADDRESS ; LESSEES AND MANAfiEBS. 



TABLE F— 



EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA, SOUTH OF THE GEEAT VALLEY. 



76. Oxford. 

77. Norris's Works. 

78. Fairhill. 

79. Verree's Works. 
SO. Flatrock. 

81. Pencoyd. 

82. Greenlaue. 

83. Glasgow. 

8i. Mount Pleasant. 

8.3. District, No. 1. 

S6. District, No. 2. 

87. Eockland, No. 1. 

88. Eockland, No. 2. 

89. Oley. 

90. Spring. 

91. Dale. 

92. Speedwell, No. 1. 
9X Speedwell, No. 2. 
94. Exeter. 

9.5. Seidel's. 

96. Keystone. 

97. Beading Steam F. 

98. Franklin. 

99. Gibraltar, No. 1. 

100. Gibraltar, No. 2. 

101. Do Well. 

102. Coventry. 

103. Isabella. 

104. Springton. 
10.5. Mary Ann. 

106. Hibernia. 

107. Greenwood. 

108. Pleasant- 

109. Poole. 

110. Windsor. 

111. Spring Grove. 

112. Brooke. 

11.3. Sadsbury, No. 1. 
114. Sadsbnry, No. 2. 
11.5. Eingwood. 

116. Pinegrove. 

117. Whiterock. 

118. Octorara. 

119. Colemanville. 

120. Martic. 

121. Castlefln. 

122. Woodstock. 

123. Spring. 

124. Baltimore S. F. 



23d Ward, Philadelphia. W. & H. Eowland. Office No. 61 S. Second Street. 

17th Street above Callowhill. Eichard Norris & Son. Philadelphia. M. Sevank, manager. 

Nineteenth Ward, Philadelphia. Patterson, Morgan & Caskey. Philadelphia, N. P. R. E. above York Road. 

North Delaware Aveniie above Poplar. Verree & Mitchell. Philadelphia. 

7 miles northwest of Philadelphia. M. B. Buckley & Sou. Manayuuk. 

6 miles northwest of Philadelphia. A. & P. Roberts. Philadelphia. 

20 miles north of Norristown. Wm. Schall. Norristown. Smith & Brother, lessees ; Jas. Smith, manager. 

1 mile north of Pottstown. J. Eittenhouse. Pottstown P. 0. Jos. Potts, lessee and manager. 

14 miles north of Pottstown. Samuel W. Weiss. Colebrookedale. Washington township. 

20 miles east of Eeading. Horace Trexler. Pike township. 

12 miles N. N. E, Douglassville. Francis Heilig. Laubachsville P. 0. 

6 miles southeast of Kutztown. Mr. Malenshaffer. Laubachsville P. 0. 

6 miles southeast of Kutztown. Wm. Herbst. Laubachsville P 0., Eockland township. 

12 miles east of Reading. Jacob S. Spang. Spangville, Manatawny. 

6 miles west by north Douglassville. Bertolet & Darrah. Earl township. 

16 miles east of Reading. David Schall. Dale Forge P. O. 

2 miles east of Eeading. Daniel Y''ocum. Speedwell Forge P. 0. 

2 miles east of Eeading. M. Y^ocum & Striickh. Speedwell Forge P. 0. 

5 miles east of Readiug. Gottlieb Moyer & Daniel Yocum. Eeading P. 0. D. Y., manager. 

4 miles east of Eeading. Himmelshiitz & Seidel. S. C. Seidel, lessee and manager. Eeading P. 0. 
Eeading, Pine and Second Streets. Snell, Mullen, Banford & McCarty. Eeading'. 

Eeading, Fosthockley Lane and Sth Street. Eeading Steam Forge Go. Eeading. Wesley M. Lee, manager. 

5 miles east of Eeading. J. & H. Thompson. Eobison P. 0. 

6 miles south of Eeading. H. A. & S. Seyfert. Eeading. 
6 miles south of Eeading. H. A. & S. Seyfert. Eeading. 

6 miles south of Eeading. J. & J. B. Seidel. Heading. Eeub. Seidel, manager. 

6 miles southwest of Pottstown. George Chrisman. Pughtown. J. Bingham, lessee. 
16 miles south of Pottstown. Jno. Irey & Jas. Butler. Loag P. 0. 

7 miles north of Downingtown. Jno. Cornog & A. P. Mcllvaine. Wallace P. 0. 
2 miles north of Downingtown. Wm. Dowlin. ^Downingtown P. 0, 

4 miles north of Coatesville. Chas. Brooke. Wagontown. 

^4 mile north of Penningtonville. Geo. Buckley & Bros. Penningtonville. Latta & Baker, L. ; J. Lightfoot, M. 

5 miles southeast of Oxford. D. McConkey & Jas. Painter. Westchester. 

20 miles northeast of Lancaster. J. 0. Blight. Churchtown P. 0. 

20 miles northeast of Lancaster. David Jenkins's heirs. Windsor Furnace P. 0. Jac. Jamieson, lessee. 

20 miles northeast of Lancaster. Wm. Boyd Jacobs. Churchtown P. 0. 



Philadelphia Co. 


1842 


Philadelphia Co. 


18 


Philadelphia Co. 


1856 


Philadelphia Co. 


1836 


Philadelphia Co. 


1850 


MONTtiOMEKY 


Co. 


1832 


MONTQOMERT 


Co. 


1733 


Montgomery 


Co. 


1750* 


Berks Co. 




1799 


Berks Co. 




1797 


Berks Co. 




1800 


Berks Co. 




1788 


Berks Co. 




1790 


Berks Co. 




1780 


Berks Co. 




1793 


Berks Co. 




1803 


Berks Co. 




1809 


Berks Co. 




1825 


Berks Co. 




1835 


Berks Co. 




1853 


Berks Co. 




1854 


Berks Co. 




1857 


Berks Co. 




1837 


Berks Co. 




1846 


Berks Co. 




18 


Berks Co. 




1825 


Chester Co. 




1750 


Chester Co. 




1853 


Chester Co. 




1790 


Chester Co. 




1785 


Chester Co. 




1792 


Chester Co. 




1844 


Chester Co. 




1806 



3 miles northwest of Gap Station. G. W. Buckley. 
2X miles from Penningtonville. Chas. N. Sproul. 
J.^ mile east of Sadsbury, No. 1. Chas. N. Sproul. 
3 miles from Penningtonville. Jas. Sprout's heirs. 
16 miles south of Penningtonville. Euos Pennock. 



Pequea P. 0. 

Eingwood P. 0. C. Cloud, lessee (18.57). 
Ringwood P. 0. C. Cloud, lessee (1857). 
Ringwood Forge P. 0. C. Cloud, lessee. 
Hopewell Cotton Works P. 0. 



miles south of Penningtonville. Jas. Sprout's heirs. Whiterock Forge P. 0. W. F. Baker, L. : 

8 miles north of Port Deposit. Parke & Son. Rising Sun. 

12 miles southwest of Lancaster. G. D. Coleman. Colemansville. Maris Hoopes, manager. 

X mile east of Colemansville. Geo. Steele. Colemansville. 



Lancaster Co. 1760* 

Lancaster Co. 1745* 

Lancaster Co. 1793 

Lancaster Co. 1795,1820 
Lancaster Co. ISOO 

Lancaster Co. 1802 

Lancaster Co. 1810, '54 
Lancaster Co. 1800,* '38 
Jer. Lightfoot, M. Lancaster Co. 1829 

Cecil Co., MARYLAND. 1810* 
Lancaster Co. 1828 

Lancaster Co. 1755,1842* 



16 miles northwest of Port Deposit. E. W. & W. Coleman. Lebanon or Castlefln P. 0. S. M. Eeynolds, man. York Co. 
5 miles south of Wrightsville. Himes & Hahn. Margaretta Furnace P. 0. Thomas Himes, manager. York Co. 

York Co.- 

Baltimore, near Philadelphia R. E. Station. FagTy^ Heird & Co., City Block, Baltimore. 

A 



1810, '27 
1828 
1770 

CfiCH:*©., MARYLAND. 1856 



EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE GEEAT VALLEY. 



125. Bushkill. 

126. Maiden Creek. 

127. Mount Airy. 

128. Horthkill. 

129. Charming. 

130. Lebanon. 
1.31. Union. 

132. Monroe. 

133. Newmarket. 

134. Speedwell. 

1.35. Liberty. 

136. Carlisle. 

1.37. Laurel. 

138. Big Pond. 

1.39. Caledonia. 

140. Mont Alto, No. 1. 

141. Mont Alto, No. 2. 

142. SoundwoU. 

143. Northeast. 
144 Valley. 

145. Carrick. 

146. Warren. 



% mile west of Easton. Semple & Swinney. Easton. 

5 miles east of Hamburg. Geo. Merkle & Co. Leonardsville P. 0. 

10 miles west of Hamburg. Jos. Seyfert. Mount Airy P. 0. Geo. Eimsel, manager. 
8 miles west of Hamburg. Jos. Seyfert. SchartlesviUe P. 0. 

15 miles west of Eeading. And. Taylor & Sons. Furnace P. 0. Wm. Taylor, manager. 
Lebanon. Seidel, Killinger & Co. Lebanon P. 0. 

12 miles north of Lebanon. Jac. B. Weidman. Lebanon P. 0. 

12 miles north of Lebanon. Seidel, Killinger & Co. Lebanon P. O. 

12 miles west of Lebanon. Jacob Light. Light & Early, lessees and managers. Anville P. 0. 

11 miles south of Lebanon. E. W. Coleman. Cornwall P. 0. 

7 miles southwest of Harrisburg. J. L. Boyer. Shiremanstown P. 0. 

4>^ miles southeast of Carlisle. Peter F. Ege. Carlisle. Jac. Goodyear, manager. 

14 miles southwest of Carlisle. Wm, M. Watts. Carlisle. Adam Shufler, manager. 

16 miles W. S. W. of Carlisle. Schoch, Sons & Co. Shippensburg P. 0. Isaac S. Matthews, manager. 

10 miles east of Chambersburg. Thad. Stevens's heirs. Graffenburg P. O. Henry Sloat, manager. 

13 miles southeast of Chambersburg. Holker Hughes. Palo Alto P. O. 
13 miles southeast of Chambersburg. Holker Hughes. Palo Alto P. 0. 

15 miles north of Chambersburg. Sheffler & Fleming. Eoxbury P. O. 

11 miles west of Chambersburg. Jno. Beaver & P. Stenger. Loudon P. 0. 

15 miles west of Chambersburg. Jno. Beaver. Loudon P. 0. Jno. Polsgrove, lessee. 

19 miles northwest of Chambersburg, via Loudon. Jas. E. Brewster, Fannetsburg P. O. Sam'l Walker, 

7 miles northeast of Hancock (Md.). Wm. Bower's heirs. Sylvan P. 0. Eeuben Lewis & Co., lessees. 



Northampton Ci 


0. 18 


Berks Co. 


1828 


Berks Co. 


1840 


Berks Co. 


1830 


Berks Co. 


1849 


Lebanon Co. 


1857 


Lebanon Co. 


1845 


Lebanon Co. 


1836 


Lebanon Co. 


1795 


Lebanon Co. 


1750 



Cumberland Co. 1790 
Cdmberland Co. 1811 
Cumberland Co. 1830, '45 
Cumberland Co. 1851 

Franklin Co. 1830 

Franklin CJo. 1809 

Franklin Co. 1810, '42 



Franklin Co. 


1790 


Franklin Co. 


1834 


Franklin Co. 


1804 


Franklin Co. 


1846 


Franklin Co. 


1832 



[Continued on pp. SS, 99. 



95 



CONTINUED. 





KOMBER OF 






CONSUMPTION 














Kind 

of 
power. 








o 

a 




f^ 
d 


bo 

a 


to 
a 


a 




. o 
bo o 


ft bD 
w O 



PKODUCTION. 



1854. 1855. 



1856. 



fq Ph M Ah H W 



1849. 

Bl. Bar. Bl. Bar. Bl. Bar. Bl. Bar. 



Kind of work. 



EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA, SOUTH OF THE GREAT VALLEY. 



76. Oxford. 

77. Norris's. 

78. Fairhill. 

79. Verree's "Works. 

80. Flatrock. 

81. Pencoyd. 

82. Greenlaue. 

83. Glasgow. 

84. Mount Pleasant. 
83. District, No. 1. 

86. District, No. 2. 

87. Rockland, No. 1. 

88. Rockland, No. 2. 

89. Oley. 

90. Spring. 

91. Dale. 

92. Speedwell, No. 1. 

93. Speedwell, No. 2. 
9i. Exeter. 

95. Seidel's. 

96. Keystone. 

97. Reading Steam P. 

98. Franklin. 

99. Gibraltar, No. 1. 

100. Gibraltar, No. 2. 

101. Do Well. 

102. Coventry. 

103. Isabella. 

104. Springton. 

105. Mary Ann. 

106. Hibernia. 

107. Greenwood. 

108. Pleasant Garden. 

109. Poole. 

110. Windsor. 

111. Spring Grove. 

112. Brooke. 

113. Sadsbnry, No. 1. 

114. Sadsbury, No. 2. 

115. Ringwood. 

116. Pinegrove. 

117. White rock. 

118. Octorara. 

119. Colemansville. 

120. Martic. 

121. Castlefln. 

122. Woodstock. 

123. Spring. 

121. Baltimore Steam F. 



. 1 

. 1 

. 1 

1 2 

. 1 

. 1 

. 1 

. 1 

. 1 

. 1 

. 1 

. 1 

. 2 
. 2 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

2 

1 
1 

2? 

1 
2 
2 



Steam 

Steam 

Steam 

Steam 

S. &W. 

Steam 

Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Steam 
Steam 

Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
S. &W. 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 

Steam 



•• 




•• 




•• 




626 


600* 
127 


Blooms. 
Finished work. 
Shafting. 


78 

77 
78 














350* 


■ 




79 






600* 




600* 




700* 




Blooms. 


SO 


.. 




2S0 




314 






300 


Axles, bars. 


61 


80 


30 










180 


20 


Blooms, bars. 


82 


203 


30 


228 




222 




300 




Blooms. 


83 




95 




73 


20 


70 


50 


63 


Blooms, bars. 


84 


150 




60 


50 


25 


50 






Blooms, barsl 


85 


90 


30 


125 
75 




120 


20 


200 


20 


Blooms, bars. 
Blooms. 


86 

87 


1.j6 




150 




300 








Blooms. 


88 


200 




230? 




200? 




200? 




Blooms. 


89 


1.32 




250* 




250* 




250* 




Blooms. 


90 


15 


95 


150 100 


39 


103 


.. 


150* 


Bars chiefly. 


91 


60 


4S 


100 




25* 100* 


25* 100* 


Bars chiefly. 


-92 




56 


100 




25* 


.00* 


25* 


100* 


Bars chiefly. 


93 


270 


.. 


274>^ 




167)^ 




2511^ .. 


Blooms. 


94 








65 




60 




100 


Scrap bar. 


95 


•• 


•• 




13? 




100 




350 


Axles, shafts. 
Shafting, &c. 


96 
97 


150 




175 




190 




200 




Flat blooms. 


98 


226 




550 




550 




5 250 
(275 


•• 


Blooms. 
Blooms. 


99 
100 




200 


135 100 


200 


110 


200 


120 


Blooms, bars. 


101 


325 


•• 


325 


•• 


352 




250 
660 


•• 


Boiler blooms. 
Blooms. 


102 
103 


325 




245 


.. 


240 




130 




Blooms. 


104 


386 




1,50 Ji 




155 Ji 


.. 


149}^ .. 


Blooms. 


105 


300 




110 




162 




67 




Blooms. 


106 


350 




300 


60? 


200? 


35 


196 




Blooms. 


107 


250 


.. 


150 




150 


.. 


160 


.. 


Boiler blooms. 


108 


200 




275 




275 




100 




Blooms. 


109 




125 


340 




350* 




350* 




Blooms. 


110 


656 


• • 


46S>i 


• • 


168>i 


89K 


141% 76% 


Blooms, bars. 


111 


100 


.. 


15? 


50? 


15? 


50? 


15 


50 


Blooms, bars. 


112 


150 


100 


250* 




250* 


.. 


250* 




Blooms. 


5113 
114 

115 


305 




150 




205 




234 




Blooms. 


346 




247 K 




147 


.. 


161 




Blooms. 


116 


.. 


209 


359 




236 


.. 


110 




Blooms. 


117 






200* 




200* 




200* 




Cinder blooms. 


lis 


664 




576 




512 




633 




Blooms. 


119 


497 


.. 


479 




449)^ 


.. 


662% .. 


Blooms. 


120 


150 


200 


500* 




500* 




500* 




Blooms. 


121 






400 


75 


400 


100 


600 


100 


Blooms, bars. 


122 




190 


.. 






. . Abandoned. 




123 
















280 


Car axle.. 


12t 



EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE GREAT VALLEY. 



1408 



9023 



578 



1087 



2657 



125. Bushkill. 

126. Maiden Creek. 

127. Mount Airy. 

128. NorthkiU. 


. 1 
. 2 
. 2 
. =1 


.. . 


. .. 1 
. .. 1 
. .. 1 
. .. 1 


Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 


129. Charming. 

130. Lebanon. 


. =3 


1 . 


. .. 2 


Water 
Water 


131. Union. 

132. Monroe. 

133. Newmarket. 

134. Speedwell. 


. 5 
. 4 
. '4 
.. 3 




. .. 2 
. .. 1 
. .. 2 
. .. 1 


Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 


135. Liberty. 

136. Carlisle. 

137. Laurel. 

138. Big Pond. 


. 4 
. "2 
. 1 
. 3 


1 . 

'4 '. 
1 . 


. .. 2 
. .. 2 
. .. 2 
. 1 1 


Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 


139. Caledonia. 

140. Mont Alto, No. 1. 

141. Mont Alto, No. 2. 


.. 4 
.. 4 
.. 6 


2 . 

i '. 


. .. 3 

. 1 2 

. .. 2? 


Water 
Water 
Water 


142. Soundwell. 

143. Northeast. 

144. Valley. 

145. Carrick. 

146. Warren. 


.. 3 
.. 1 

. n 

. 3 
. 1 


1 . 


. .. 2 
. .. 1 
. .. 1 
. .. 1 
. .. 1 


Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 









80 




80 




125 


Bars. 




123 




60 




38 




40 




40? 


Bars. 




126 


200 




J 290 
(150 




280 




300 




Blooms. 




127 


•• 




120 




100 


.. 


Blooms. 




128 


760 




730 




350 




338 K 42 


Blooms, 


bars. 


12.1 






















1.30 




150 


114K170>^ 


151K 27>^ 


248% 10 


Blooms, 


bars. 


131 


366 




415 




625 




549 




Blooms. 




132 


225 


125 


222 




354 J^ 




350 




Blooms. 




133 


300 


.. 


Abandoned and in ruins 










134 


620 


30' 


438 


5 


415 




529 


4 


Blooms. 




135 




230 




233 




271 




140* 


Bars. 




136 


265 


127 


428 


10 


431 


15 


415 


13 


Blooms, 


bars. 


137 


.. 




92 


• • 


99K .. 


243 




Blooms. 




138 


30 


200 


500 


50 


370 


150 


400* 200* 


Blooms, 


bars. 


139 


300*1 


200* 


300* 200* 


300* 


200* 


300* 200* 


Blooms 


bars. 


<140 
}U1 




90 


SO 


31 


20 


30 


00 


00 


Blooms, 


bars. 


142 




39 




25 


00 


00 


00 


00 


Bars. 




143 




60 


.. 


40? 




40? 




40* 


Bars. 




144 




73 


60 


60 


60 


50 


40 


30 


Blooms, 


bars. 


143 




•• 


? 


? 


? 


? 


45 


•• 


Blooms. 




146 


890 




3780 




3466 




3857 












1389 




932 




903 




844 






















[Continued on pp 


CS, 99 





96 



" A crane of immense strength carried the whole forty tons weight of the shaft 
while making, swinging it from the furnace to the hammer and allowing it to be 
raised or lowered with perfect command. 

"By signals from the foreman, the forge hands turned this huge mass round and 
round in its slings, between the ponderous blows of the seven-ton hammer, as 
surely and readily as a horseshoe in a blacksmith's tongs. 

"These shafts are believed to be the largest and heaviest ever made in Europe 
or America." {G. A. N.) 

"The building has a railroad through the centre, employs 50 hands, consumes 
120 tons iron and 400 tons coal a month ; has 7 heating, 3 puddling furnaces, 1 large 
heating furnace for locomotive tires, 6 blacksmith forges, 1 slotting machine and 
shears (which can cut a bar of 5 inches), 1 lathe capable of swinging 1.5 ft. diame- 
ter, 1 small lathe for cutting and turning axles, 1 lathe and tii-e-bending machine, 
and one 60 horse engine. The largest cable in the world, for raising the Russian 
ships sunk at Sebastopol, was manufactured by this company." {Amer. Mining 
Chronicle, p. 36, July 4, 1557.) "This chain is 200 yards long, each link weighing 
300 lbs., separately tested by a strain of 500 tons. A recent English paper an- 
nounced that the strongest cable ever manufactured for a merchant vessel was tlieu 
lying at one of the railway stations in Liverpool, intended for mooring the United 
States mail-ship Adriatic in the Sloyne. The cable was 40 yards long, each link 
50 lbs. The great chain at West Point to keep British vessels from ascending above 
that point was three times heavier than the Adriatic's cable, and j ust half as heavy 
as the great Sebastopol representation." (Amer. Mining Chron., May 23, 1857.) 

98. FRANKLIN Forge (old Rip Rap).— On Alleghany Creek, J^ mile west of the 
Schuylkill. Makes flat blooms for Reading, Norristown, and Philadelphia. 

99. GIBRALTAR Forges, Nos. 1, 2. — On Alleghany Dreek, J^ and y^ mile above 
the Rolling Mill. Make blooms for the Boiler Plate Mill below ; have 4 refinery 
fires. Idle 4 weeks, 1854-55. One fire idle 6 months in 1856 in Forge No. 2. For 
the last 4 months (June, 1837) have run double turns. Low water put the product 
of 1856 below that of 1853. Will make X more in 1837 than in 1856. The practi- 
cal capacity of each refinery fire is estimated at 140 tons a year. One cinder fire 
in Forge No. 1. No. 2 made in 1856, 90 cinder blooms (included in the 27.3). 

Note. — Mr. Mcllvaine, former partner in the Gibraltar works, has withdrawn, 
and erected a Rolling Mill in Reading. See Table G. 

101. DO WELL Forges. — On the small stream next south of Alleghany Creek, 
No. 1, a tilt forge, 1 mile above its mouth, and No. 2, for blooming, ,y mile above 
No. 1. No. 1 has 1 heating furnace, using anthracite and bituminous coal, and a 
hammer to draw out scrap bars. No. 2 has 2 fires and a liammer for blooming ; 
making 250 tons a year. In 1856, 60 tons were cinder blooms. 

(BIRDSBORO' Forge.— Destroyed 10 years ago.) 

102. COVENTRY Forge.— At Coventry Village, on Rock Run, "built 1829" (G. 
Christman). Run by Bingman since April, 1857. Production from April to April. 

103. ISABELLA Forge (formerly Furnace). — West Nantmeal Township, on the 
waters of the West Branch Brandywine, and on the crossroad connecting the 
Dowuingtown, Morgantown State road with the Harrisburg turnpike at Rockhill 
(9 miles north of Coatesville) ; 9 miles from Joanna Furnace, Berks County; 8 
miles from Hopewell Furnace, Berks County ; 6 miles from Warwick Furnace, 
Chester County ; 4 miles from Springton Forge. The furnace has been out of blast 
4 years, and was converted into a forge in 1853. Makes first quality boiler blooms 
for the mills at Coatesville and Pottstown. Lost about a month in 1856. 

104. SPRINGTON Forge.— On East (main) Branch of Brandywine, on the Wil- 
mington-Reading State Road, 4 miles below Isabella Forge. Idle 63^ months in 
1856. In 18.54 it worked short on account of repairs, and in 18.55 was stopped by 
the death of the proprietor, H. W. Williams, Aug. 1856. Repaired and started 2 
metal fires June 1, and one cinder fire, August 20. Later, lostone month in repairs 
and continued to run one metal and one cinder fire. Previous to April, 1856, 
market principally at home. J. B. Christman (deceased) previously. Capacity, at 
present, 500 tons of blooms per year. Of the 130(1856), 40 tons were cinder blooms. 

105. MARY ANN Forge. — On the Brandywine North Branch, 5 miles below 
Springton. Market at home. Idle 10 weeks in 1854, 6 in 1855, 8 in 1856. Made in 
1854, '55, and '56, 985^, 98, and 76 tons cinder blooms. 

106. HIBERNIA Forge (and Rolling Mill).— On West Brandywine, at the cross- 
ing of the Hibernia, Coatesville road, Hibernia Gap. Market, east. 1854, idle 3 
months, out of charcoal. 1855, 2 months, repairing. 18.56, 7 months, low water 
and repairing. All the blooms in 1855 and '56 were cinder blooms. 

107. GREENWOOD Forge (formerly Furnace).— Market generally with Steele & 
Worth's Rolling Mill. Made no cinder blooms since year before last (1857). The 
furnace was built in 1839 and converted into a forge in 1844. Use coke for the 
run-out fire. Highest capacity 400 tons per annqm ; common capacity 300. Made 
in 18.53, 300 tons cinder and all ; 1856, lost 5 months, and made 216 tons from May 
1, 18.56, to present time (April 18, 1857), and expect to make 350 tons in 1857 (April 
18, 1857). One cinder fire, 3 refineries. 

108. PLEASANT GARDEN Forge (and Rolling Mill)— Called, since 1854, Chester 
County Iron Works ; sold June, 1857 : John Scott, Philad., late manager ; situated 
on the Brandywine, 2 miles southwest of New London X roads ; is in ruins (July 
8, 1857). 

109. POOLE Forge. — On Conestoga Creek one mile west of Churchtown, on the 
turnpike. Destroyed by fire, while rebuilding, and again rebuilt by Gen. Jacobs, 
of Churchtown, all in 1833. Market, Coatesville and Reading. Nos. 1 and 2 
boiler blooms. Production from April to April. In 1855, 75 tons cinder blooms. 

110. WINDSOR Forges.— On Conestoga Creek, ^ mile south of Churchtown. 
Old forge swept away in 1822. Market, Coatesville. Idle, 4 weeks each year. 
Production from April to April. 

111. SPRING GROVE Forge.— On Conestoga Creek, 3 miles west of Poole Forge; 
4 miles west of Windsor Forges ; 10 miles west of Windsor Furnace, and 23 miles 
southeast of Cornwall Furnace. Market, Reading, Lancaster, Chester County, 
&c. Lost one-third of 1856, from ice and low water. 

(HOPEWELL Forge. — 2 miles above Speedwell, stopped 20 years and more ago, 
and is in ruins.) 

(CHAFERY Forge. — % of a mile above Speedwell ; stopped 10 years ago, and is 
in ruins. These three forges all belong to Robert W. Coleman, Esq., of Cornwall, 
and were built more than 60 years ago.) 

(MOUNT VERNON Forge (and Furnace).— On the Conewago River and Lancas- 
ter and Harrisburg Railroad, 15 miles from Harrisburg and 23 from Lancaster ; 
was originally a furnace, then a forge, and then a furnace. It stands close by 
Mount Vernon Furnace (see Table E, note after ) ; has the same owners ; was 

built about 1835 ; had 2 finery and 1 cliafery fire, 2 hammers; made blooms and 
bar ; stopped 12 years ago, and is mucli ruined. The Ftknace, Forge, Mansion, 
AND A 1,000 ACRE Farm, are for sale.) 



112. BROOKE Forge. — On Peqnea Creek, one mile northwest of Peqnea Post 
Ofiice. Lost half of 1856, and will stop soon on account of high price of wood, 
.$2 50 a cord (April 18, 1857). (Mr. Buckley considers it probable that the same 
scarcity of wood, due, as he thinks, to the high rate of freight fixed by the Canal 
Commissioners on the railroad, will compel other forges in this region to stop.) One 
of the oldest forges in the country ; rebuilt 1820 ; capacity .500 tons pig metal =: 
100 tons bar and 300 tons bloom. Has run very irregularly for three or four years. 
Can make one of its 3 refinery fires a chafery fire. Made, in 1856, only bars ; 
have made blooms. 

113. SADSBURY, Nos. 3, 2.— Half a mile apart on Octorara Creek. Used one 
cinder fire from 1833 to 1856, instead of one of the refinery fires. Made blooms 
entirely, average 250 tons, from 1833 to April, 1857. Market, Coatesville. Mr. 
Cloud will run the upper forge exclusively on cinder. In the lower forge two 
additional refinery fires will be put up. Made each year 150 tons cinder blooms. 

113. RINGWOOD Forge.— On Octorara Creek. Have made 130 tons of blooms 
a year to the fire ; use charcoal, pig entirely, and make only blooms ; lost 4 months 
in 1S54 ; 6 weeks in 1855 ; 4 weeks in 1836. One cinder fire. Made in 1854, '55, 
'56, 73, 102, 30 tons cinder blooms. 

116. PINEGROVE Forge (and Rolling Mill).— On Octorara Creek, 2 miles west 
of Hopewell Cotton Works. Sells no blooms. A forge was here as much as fifty 
years ago. Loses about 2 months each year. One cinder fire. Made in 1855, '56, 
46>ii, 36}/^ tons cinder blooms. 

117. WHITE ROCK Forge.— On West Branch of Octorara Creek, 13^ miles N. E. 
of Oak Shade Post Office ; 2J/^ miles N. of the forks. Has had 2 cinder fires and 
1 refinery ; has now 3 refinery and 1 cinder. Run for the last 6 years by Vincent 
King, making cinder blooms only ; with 2 fires 10 months of 1834, and one fire in 
1855. It is about to be run by W. F. Baker (April 17). Hands employed in 1854, 
14 ; in 1855, 9, exclusive of wood-choppers. 

118. OCTORARA Forge (and Rolling Mill).— On Octorara Creek, 4 miles above 
its mouth, and just inside of the Maryland State line ; must be 40 or 50 years old ; 
was formerly a pig-metal bloom forge ; now runs out forge cinder. Has run but 
one fire the last 2 years, and will be abandoned in about a year, when all the cin- 
der is run out. Market, Elk Roiling Mill, 18 miles east. 

(At Daniel Lord's Cotton Factory, 4 miles N. of Elkton, was a forge about 25 
years ago, built about 1765.) 

(LANCASTER Steam Forge, "not in existence." (Q. Ford.)) 

119. COLEMANVILLE Forge (Rolling Mill and Steel rurnaces).—On the Peqnea 
Creek 1}.^ miles above the Susquehanna ; 15 miles south of Columbia ; 4 miles 
south of Safe Harbor Iron Works ; 11 miles southeast of Conowingo Furnace ; 
SYi miles northwest of York Furnace. Market, rolling mill. Lost 6 weeks, 1854 ; 
ll'weeks, 1833 ; 1 week, 1836. The rolling mill makes part of the blooms into 
bars, for steel, and the remainder into boiler plate. 

120. MARTIC Forgo (and Steel Furnace). — Very old ; one cinder fire ; made 73}^ 
tons cinder blooms in about 9 months of 1854 ; none since ; lost 3 months by a 
freshet in 1855. Market, Coatesville. The steel works have not been used for 
three years. The works were rebuilt four or five years ago. 

121. CASTLEFIN Forge (and Rolling MUl).- 30 miles from York. David S. 
Hammond, agent. 

122. WOODSTOCK Forge (and Foundry).— On Cabin branch, " with an addi- 
tional stream running into Forge Dam, making heavy power 25 feet face;" 1 
mile east of Margaretta Furnace ; 1 mile west of Tide-Water Canal ; 4X miles 
south of Wrightsville and York Railroad, Lower Windsor Township. Market, 
east and south. Lost 3 months in 18.54; 2 months in 18.55. Mr. Himes has ope- 
rated the foundry for a year ; the forge for six years. " The Foundry and (Mar- 
garetta) Furnace were operated some years back by a firm, Himes, Curran, and 
Himes." In 1856, 100 tons cinder blooms. 

123. SPRING Forge, abandoned. 

124. BALTIMORE Steam Forge (and Bar-Iron Rolling Mill). — In Baltimore, just 
below the Philadelphia Kailroad Station ; make about 800 tons of hammered iron 
in the year (see R. M., Table G.) Began to run early in 1856, and made 86 tons in 
February ; 120 in March, and so on increasing. Makes about 15 to 20 tons of ham- 
mered iron for car-axles principally, per week. Lost about 2 weeks last year. 
Of its 3 heating furnaces, one is for the Kirk hammer. It has a Nasmyth hammer 
for shingling the puddle balls. 

(COLLINS' Forge. — In Nanticoke Hundred, Sussex County, Delaware, 9 miles 
east of Seaford. Stopped running in 1853, and is now in ruins. It was owned by 
Theophilus Collins, New California Post Ofiice, and made iron from ore got mostly 
from near Melton. On the map it is 6 miles northeast of Seaford, on Gravelly 
Brook.) 

E. PENNSYLVANIA : GREAT VALLEY. 

125. BUSHKILL Forge. — Makes tyre and % inch bar. It is on the Bashkill 
Creek, back of Easton. There is another small scrap forge on the Bushkill. 

(E. W. Barnett's Foundry sold to Wm. J. Harmony, was in blast in 1855. Davis 
& Slouch's Foundry has frequently changed hands ; uses pig iron ; remelts heavy 
pipe and wheel castings ; employs 20 hands ; makes chiefly mill gearing ; sells 
job casting within 50 miles ; finishes up about 200 tons a year (4>^ c). 

126. MAIDEN CREEK Forge.— On Maiden Creek, 20 miles north of Reading and 
23 west of Allentown. (See Furnace.) 

127. MOUNT AIRY Forge.— On the NorthkiU Creek, Northkill Gap, 14 miles 
from Pottsville, 8 north of Bernville. Market, east. Lost one month each year. 

128. NORTHKILL Forgo. — 2 miles lower down the creek, on the Hamburg- 
Harrisburg road ; 6 north of Bernville. Market, east. 1856, 50 tons cinder. 

129. CHARMING Forge. — On the Tulpehocken, within 2 miles of Womelsdorf 
on the Reading-Harrisburg pike. Market, Home, Reading, and Wilmington, Del. 
Present owners took possession April 1, 1835, and made 234;;16 tons blooms ; 
93„14,,3 cinder blooms, 42,,0„3 bars. Made 1856, 93}^ tons cinder blooms. 

(GREEN TREE Forge.— 1770 ; sold out, 1848. John W. Burkhardt, Reading. 
Made nothing in 1849, nor since.) 

(UNION Forge.— 1814; George Reagan, Albany P. 0., Berks Co. Wm. & J. 
Reagan, lessees (1849) ; 2 fires and 2 hammers ; made 25 tons of bars in 1849.) 

130. LEBANON Forge.— A new forge erecting(July, 1857), by Jno. B. Seidel & Co. 
Intended for a steam mill, and to that end bought Elicott's rolls (Md.), but are 
putting up a smaller engine simply to hammer scrap blooms. 

131. UNION Forge. — On Swatara Rivei-, 2 miles below the Gap, and 2V^ below 
the big d.im, and within 150 yards of the feeder of the Union Canal. Market, east 



i^° FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE MEMBERS. 

97 



and south. Lost in 1S54, " 4 months cinder lilooming : started in July ; 3 refinery 
fires, 1 chafery tire, 1 cinder t)looniery." Lost in 1S55, refinery fires, 48 "weeks; 
cinder bloomery, 6 weeks ; 2 refinery and 1 tlooming fire in operation. Lost in 
18.56, 16 weeks ; 2 fires at work refining. 

132. MONROE Forge. — On Monroe Creek, 3 miles from Union. Forge, 2 miles 
from Swatara River, in the Hole, between Blue and Hole Mountains (called now 
Monroe Mountain). Market, Berks County, Harrisbui-g, Philadelphia, Wilming- 
ton. Made in 1S.34, '55, '56 — 48)^, 99, 120 tons cinder blooms. 

133. NEW MARKET Forge. — On Quitapahilla Creek, 2 miles from Swatara 
River, and about 12 miles west. Made 1854, 46 tons cinder blooms. 

134. SPEEDWELL Forge. — On Hammer Creek, 11 miles from Lebanon ; 6 from 
Litiz ; stopped 5 years ago, and is in ruins. 

135. LIBERTY Forge — On Yellow Breeches Creek, 3 miles from Cumberland 
Valley Railroad. Market, north, east, south. Lost 1854, 3 weeks ; 1855, 6 weeks, 
repairing. 

136. CARLISLE Forge. — On Boiling Springs and Yellow Breeches Creek. South 
Middletown township. Used to be anotlier finery fire. Has 1 finery and 1 chafing 
hammer. Market, all directions. (One statement says, lost, say 4 weelcs, in 1856, 
In repairs, and made 250 tons ; another statement gives the production for 1854 at 
263 tons, and 1855 at 190 tons ; another gives 16 to 18 tons a week, and about 140 
tons in 1856, running not more than 3 to 4 months.) 

137. LAUREL Forge (and Furnace) — On Mountain Creek. Has 1 run-out fire 
at the furnace ; has 1 large slab hammer and 1 small drawing hammer. Market, 
for 10 years, Coatesville ; last year Abbott & Son, Baltimore; now, to Harrisburg, 
where they command $75 (June 9, 1857). 

138. BIG POND Forge (and Furnace).— 6 miles southeast of Shippenshurg. 
Shoch, Sons & Co., Womelsdorf, Berks County, Pa. Work up their own pig 
Only one or two fires at work in 1S54, '55, and lost 4 months in each year ; and 2 
months in 1856, with 3 fires and the run-out going. Water sometimes low. 

139. CALEDONIA Forge. — OnConecocheagueCreek,15 miles west of Gettysburg, 
on Chambersburg pike. Market, home. Lost 2 months in 1854; 3 in 1855; 12 
weeks in 1856. Made in 1856, 20 tons cinder blooms. 

140. MOUNT ALTO Forge. — Upper and lower. 4 miles southeast of Mount Alto 
Furnace, very near the Adams County line. The refinery hammer, 600 lbs, steam; 
the chafery hammer, 600 lbs. water. The two forges make annually about .500 
tons, of which 150 to 200 tons are hammered bars. The upper forge makes the 
anconies, and hammers them into bars ; the lower makes blooms for the roll- 
ing mill. The lower forge has one large T hammer, iron helve, water power; 
steam for blast. Lower forge is not quite so old as the upper, and was burnt and 
rebuilt in 1842. Lose some time by low water. Each forge has one cinder fire. 

142. SOUNDWELL Forge.— in Eoxbury Gap of North Mountain, on Couedo- 
gwinit Creek, 11 miles west of Shippenshurg Station on Cumberland Valley Rail- 
road on the road into Path Valley. Market, partly in the east and partly at home. 
Lost 2 months in 1854 ; 3 months in 185.3, and 12 months in 1856. — JS^ote. "Eox- 
bury" Forge, 7 miles north of Shippenshurg, sold. Spring of 1856, at sheriff's sale, 
from Shefler & Fleming, to Morrow R. Skinner, a year ago, wlio lias abandoned it 
as a forge ; contains 1 chafery and 1 refinery fire, and 1 common-sized hammer, 
making mostly bar-iron, say 100 tons a year. (P. B. Honsom). [Probably the 
same as Souudwell, and incorrectly stated. J. P. L,] 

(Forge, 2]^ miles south of Shippenshurg, torn down in 1849.) 

143. NORTHEAST Forge.— On Broad Run, between North Mountain and Parnell's 
Knob, 1 mile east from Loudon. Market, home, and sometimes Baltimore. Has 
made nothing since 1854 (when it lost 3 months ?), " has gone down and will pro- 
bably not be started again." 

144. VALLEY Forge, on West Conecocheague Creek, 2 miles north of Loudon, 
between the North Mountain (Jordan's Knob) and Tuscarora Mountain. Has 
made bar-iron for last 10 or 15 years, 40 or 45 tons a year. 

(LOUDON Forge and Furnace, in the edge of Loudon, were destroyed about 
1840. P. B. Housam.) 

(MOUNT PLEASANT Forge and Furnace, 4 miles northwest of Loudon, were 
destroyed in 1843,) 

(HANOVER Forge and Furnace, — In the Cove, 8 or 9 miles below McConnels- 
burg, Fulton County ; have not been used for some years, and are in ruins,) 

145. CARRICK Forge (Carrick Iron Works).— 4 miles S. S. W. of Fannettsburg, 
and 8 miles north of Loudon, on the West Branch Conecocheague Creek, in the 
limestone cove valley between the North and Tuscarora Mountains. The bloom- 
ery fire is using up a quantity of very rich cinder on the site of the Old Mount 
Pleasant Furnace. For the last 3 years, made, say 50 tons of bloom and .50 tons 
bar each year. Frozen up all winter of 1856, and lost nearly 6 months of work. 
D. N. Caruthers, manager. "One bloomery and 2 refineries." 

146. WARREN Forge (and Furnace).— In the Redshale (For. v.) Cove of Licking 
Creek, west of the Great Valley, opening on the Potomac, east of Hancock ; made 
from 14th Aug, to Dec. 29th, 1856, 45 tons blooms, and from May 1, 1856, to March 
16, 1857, 9;i^ tons bar-iron. JIade nothing in 1849, and its largest product pre- 
viously had been 100 tons bloom, 50 bar. 

(ANTIETAM Forge. — In Maryland, at the mouth of Antietam Creek, was last 
built, 1845, and made charcoal iron for the nail works, until 1852, when it was 
stopped because the water-power was insufficient for all the works, and the an- 
thracite iron was found not so good for nail plates. Ha.s 6 puddling furnaces, and 
1 very large hammer. Made some blooms for Baltimore. Used Cumberland coal. 
The old forge dates far back.) 

E. PENNSYLVANIA NORTH OF THE BLUE MOUNTAINS. 
(ANALIMINK. or Experiment Mills Forge. — 3 miles from Stroudsburg, Munroe 
County, Pa. ; was driven several years by Wm. Wallau and Wickof, of Strouds- 
burg. (Slodgill Stokes, of Stroudsburg.) 

147. ASHLAND (Albright's) Forge, — On Aquanchicola Creek, behind the Blue 
(North) Mountain, at Little Gap, 7 miles east of the Lehigh Gap, on upper Silu- 
rian rocks. Market, home. Lost 8 weeks in 1854 ; 6 in 1855 ; 4 in 1856. 

148. MARIA Forge (and Furnace). — On Poco Creek, 2 miles northeast of Parrys- 
Tille, and same distance from Weissport. Makes \]/^ tons bar-iron a week with 
one fire, for Allentown and the neighborhood. Lost all 1854 and 1855, and none 
in 1S56. Rebuilt in 1856. 

149. WEISSPORT Forge. — Stopped at present ; used scrap and anthracite coal. 



Puddling furnaces erected in the fall of 1856 ; a heating furnace building (June, 
1857.) No information could be obtained. 3 steam engines. 

(Borden & Co.'s Machine Shop at Mauch Chunk use up 800 to 1,000 tons of bar 
{%) and scrap (^), and employ 50 hands, 15 of whom are carpenters, casting car- 
wheels, jobbing, and making cars. They get their axles from Lewis Weiss at 
Weissport, and from Reading, Weiss's forge (now rolling mill), can make 600 tons 
per annum ; stopped lately (Nov. 18, 1856.) 

(LOWRY'S Ore Forge. — Up Black Creek above Parrysville, near Weis.sport. 
Stopped in 1856. S. Zeigenfuss, Ashland Iron Works, Little Gap P. 0., Carbon 
County.) 

(JACOBSBURG Ore Forge,— Out for three or four years.) 

(ANTHONY'S Forge.) 

150. PENNSVILLE Forge.— On Lizard Creek, 2 miles west from Lehigh River 
and Valley Railroad ; lately Stephen Balliet ; John Balliet, pre-sent lessee. The 
forge is rebuilt, and, after the expiration of the present lease to J. B., will be car- 
ried on by the owner, C. H. N. At present, it runs but one fire. Uses 2800 lbs. of 
pig-metal to a ton of bar-iron. Makes a very few blooms. 

151. TAMAQUA Iron Works. — " Has been in operation 11 years, and consists of 
foundry, machinery, car, boiler, and smith shops. Employs 150 hands. Con- 
sumes 30 tons of pig-metal weekly, besides boiler and wrought-iron. Covers an 
area of 500X2.50 feet. Has one heating furnace, 11 " forge fires,,' and one 3 to 4 
ton Nasmyth steam-hammer ; driven by two engines, 40 and 10 horse power. Has 

2 large cupolas, three 30 ton, three 10 ton, and two car-wheel, one to two ton 
cranes. IVfakes at present 200 car-wheels per month ; and can build fifteen 4-wheel 
ears a month." (From American Mining Chronicle, New York, June 27, 1857, p. 
28.) 

152. HECLA Forge. — Near the Little Schuylkill Railroad, one mile north of 
Focht's P. 0., at Ringgold. "Owing to the flooding of the coal dust, brought 
along the Little Schuylkill, the dam is filled, and the water-power destroyed ; 
since 1850, when a new dam was erected (for a few years at least), the Hecla Forge 
manufactured a considerable quantity of iron. The yield in 1856 was inconsider- 
able." (M. V. R.) 

153. SCHUYLKILL Forge. 
(SUSANNA Forge.) 

154. BRUNSWICK Forge. 
(MOUNT VERNON Forge.) 

155. MOUNT HEBRON Forge.— On the Mohontongo Creek in the red shale val- 
ley (For. xi. ) between the Broad and Locust Mountains, came into Dr. Otto's hands 
in 1840, and is for sale. Uses % pig and }4 scrap ; chiefly hammered bars in 1856 ; 
ceased work April 1, 1856 ; not likely to make anything in 1857, Market, at home. 
Average production said to be about 2.30 tons per year, previously. 

156. OAKDALE Forge.— On the Wiconisco Creek, in the red shale valley of xi., 
on the south side of the Bear Gap coal field ; 3 miles from Bear Gap coal mines, 
and on Lyken's Valley Railroad, connecting with North Central Railroad at Mil- 
lersburg, 12 miles west of it. Market, Harrisburg and Coatesville. Business to 
be enlarged this year (1857). Lost 1 month in 18,34 ; 6 weeks in 1855 ; 4 months in 
1856, (A previous statement gives production for 1854, 175 tons blooms, 26 tons 
bar ; 1855, 200 tons blooms, 24 tons bar,) 

157. STONY BROOK Forge,— On Stony Brook, in Stony Brook red shale valley 
(For, xi,), on the south side of the Third or Coal Mountain ; on the Dauphin and 
Susquehanna Railroad, 5 miles east of the Susquehanna River. Markets, Harris- 
burg, Coatesville, Reading, &c. 

(WILKESBAERE Foundry.— Lenning & Marshall: employed in 18.34, '55, and 
'56, 25, 40, and .55 men, and made l.'iO, 300, and 600 tons of castings for engines, 
pumps, gearings, and some car-wheels; has 2 cupolas ; uses up also, in the shop, 

3 tons of wrought iron per month.) 

158 NESCOPIC Forge.- — On Nescopic Creek, and on the Berwick -Pottsville road 
(on Devonian (ix.) rocks). Market, Danville. Idle 5 months in 1856. (A previous 
return of production gives (1854) 297 tons bloom, 67 bars ; (1855) 300 blooms, 63 
bars). Used to make iron from fossil ore. It was nearly washed away in 1852 ; 
was rebiiilt, and driven from spring to fall. Made in 1854, '55, '66 — 53, 80, 35 tons 
cinder blooms. 

159. CATAWISSA Forge. — On Catawissa Creek, 6 miles above Catawissa, and 
just in front of the Gap in the Nescopeck or Catawissa Mountain, on Devonian (ix.) 
rocks. The station on the Catawissa Railroad, at the south end of the high bridge 
is JJ mile south of the forge, and X mile south of the village of Maineville. Run 
one fire, making 70 tons from April to April. In 1856, all cinder blooms. 

160. PAXINAS Forge. — On Shamokee River, \)i miles above Hugh's station, 
and 2 miles above Paxinas Furnace. It had 2 fires and is said to have been going 
for .30 years ; burnt down about 18.31. It is now carried on by Mr. Tar since April, 
1856, making blooms and bars for the neighborhood, from pig-metal, stoves, and 
old castings. It made nothing for a year previously. This spring, 1857, tried 
limestone rock ore (Devonian) in the neighborhood, 3^ mile fi'om the forge, and 
made one loup of iron which was worked up into horseshoe nails. 

161. BERLIN ("Union") Forge.— In Clinton red shale (For. v.) north of Jack's 
Mountain. 

(REBECCA Forge and Furnace. — On Standing Stone Creek, 12 miles above Hun- 
tingdon, are in ruins.) 

162. FREEDOM Forge. — In lower Devonian rocks, west of the Juniata River, 
and east of Jack's Mountain. In 1854, all ploughshares and tires. In 1856, made 
680 tons cinder blooms. 

163. BROOKLAND Forge. — )i mile east of the furnace on the canal at the edge 
of the village of Waynesburg. Leased by John Stine for a short time. It has 3 
puddling furnaces and 3 refining fires and 1 run-out fire ; 1 stationary engine of 10 
horse power, for blowing, and one of 60 horse power for the machinery, and, be- 
sides, water power. 1 large hammer of 12 tons, and 1 train of rolls for making 
shovel and nail iron. Make % first quality blooms, and the rest shovel and nail 
plate from inferior red short iron. Run, 1856, 1}4 months, day and night, making 
at least 10 tons a day. Run 4 mouths in 18.55 ; not at all in 18.54. (A previous 
report gives 250 tons blooms for 1854.) The largest make, previous to 1849, seems 
to have been 950 tons of blooms. (C. E. S.) 

(AUGHWICK Forge, near Orbisonia, is in ruins.) 

164. MALINDA Forge, — 100 yards above Malinda Furnace, will have a bloom 
fire up in two weeks (June 8, 1857). All the old furnaces, except one refinery fire, 



Entered according to tlie Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 
United States in and for the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylvania. • 



98 



SITUATION ; OWNERS ; P. 0. ABDKESS ; LESSEES AND MANAGERS. 



TABLE F— 



EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA, BETWEEN THE GREAT VALLEY AND THE ALLEGHENY MOUNTAINS. 



147. Ashland. 

l-tS. Maria. 

149. Weissport. 

150. Pennsville. 

151. Tamaqua Iron W. 

152. Hecla. 

153. Schuylkill. 

154. Brunswick. 

155. Mt. Hebron. 

136. Oakdale. 
157. Stonybrook. 

15S. Nescopec. 

159. Catawissa. 

160. Paxinas. 

161. Berlin. 

162. Freedom. 

163. Brookland. 

164. Malinda. 

165. Lemnos. 
16C. Bedford. 

167. Hepburn. 

168. Heshbon. 

169. Washington. 

170. Howard. 

171. Eagle. 

172. Milesburg. 

173. Bellefonte. 

174. Eock. 

175. Coleraine, 1, 2, 3. 

176. Elizabeth, 1, 2. 

177. Barre, Nos. 1, 2. 

178. Juniata (B), No. 1. 

179. .Juniata (A), No. 2. 

180. Stockdale. 

ISl. Coldspring. 

182. Tyrone, Nos. 1, 2. 

183. Antes. 

184. Mary Ann, 1, 2. 

185. Etna. 

186. Cove. 

187. Franklin. 

188. Maria (Lower). 

189. Maria (Middle). 

190. Maria (Upper). 

191. Martha. 

192. Alleghany. 

193. Portage. 



7 miles east of Lehigh Gap Station, Eugene A. Trueauff. Lehigh Gap P. O. Sam'l Ziegenfuss, lessee. 

3 miles east of Weissport. Sam'l Balliet & Co. Weissport P. O. 
lu Weissport, on Lehigh Valley R. E. Mr. Weiss. Weissport P. 0. 

4 miles S. W. of Lehighton Station. Chas. H. Nimson. E. Penn P. 0. 



Carbon Co. 1820 

Carbon Co. 1753, '46 

Carbon Co. 1853 

Carbon Co. 1829, '56 



Tamaqua; Little Schuylkill R. R. 
31 miles above Reading, L. S. K. R. 



Carters & Allen. Tamaqua P. 0. 

Malt. V. Richards. Eeadiug and Ringgold P. 0. Jac. G. Coleman, manager. 
John Schall. Port Clinton. (Schall & Taylor.) 
Koch, Hammer & Huntziuger, Port Clinton. (G. Focht.) 
3 m. S. W. of Ashland, MinehillE.E. Dr. Otto, Easton. (J. B. Otto. Barry P. 0.) 



30 miles north of Harrisburg. 
13 miles north of Harrisburg. 

1>^ miles south of Berwick. 

6 miles east of Catawissa. 

3 miles below Shamoken. 

2 miles from Hartleton. 

7 miles southwest of Lewistown. 
12? miles southwest of Lewistown. 

4 miles S. S. W. of Orbisonia. 

5 miles west of Hopewell. 
5 miles west of Hopewell. 

12 miles north of Williamsport. 

5 miles north of Williamsport. 

13 miles northeast of Bellefonte. 
12 miles northeast of Bellefonte. 

4J^ miles northeast of Bellefonte. 
134 miles north of Bellefonte. 
miles southeast of Bellefonte. 

6 miles southeast of Bellefonte. 

2}-^ miles northeast of Spruce Creek. 
2 miles north of Spruce Creek. 
Opposite Barre Station, Pa. E. E. 

Petersburg, on Penna. R. R. 
1 mile east of Alexandria. 
Spruce Creek Station, Penna. E. R. 

Y2 mile west of Tyrone, Pa. E. R. 
1 mile from Tyrone, Penna. R. E. 
>3 mile south of Tipton Pa. R. R. 

1 mile S. S. E. Bell's Mills. 

5 miles southwest of Alexandria. 

8 miles southwest of Alexandria. 

2 miles west of Williamsburg. 

7 miles S. S. W. of HoUidaysburg. 
7 '^ miles S, S W. of HoUidaysburg. 
iy, miles S. S. W. of HoUidaysburg. 
63-1 miles S, S. W. of HoUidaysburg. 

5J^ miles N. W. of HoUidaysburg. 
2 miles west of HoUidaysburg. 



Schuylkill Co. 
Schuylkill Co. 
Schuylkill Co. 
Schuylkill Co. 
Schuylkill Co. 

Dauphin Co. 
Dauphin Co. 



1846 
1828 
1801 
1816 
1826 

1830 
1850 



David K. McClure. Oakdale P. 0. 

Snyder & Kinzer. Harrisburg P. 0. (E. E. Kinzer, manager.) 

Headley A. Westler & Co. N. G. Westler, manager. Berwick P. O. Luzerne Co. 1824 

G. & E. Shuman. J. L. & W. T. Shuman, lessees. Maineville P. O. Columbia Co. 1824 

Jac. Leisenring, Bear Gap, and Wm. Duard, Sunbury. And. Tar, L. Nobthumberlanp Co. 1844, '51 



Jno. Church & Co. Hartleton. 

Jno. A. Wright & Co. Lewistown. 

Brookland Iron Company. G. W. McBride, manager. Waynesburg. 

J. & L. Shefler. T. E. Orbison, manager. Orbisonia. 

Madara & King. Wm. Madara, manager. Allequippa P. 0. 
Jno. King & Co. Thos. King, manager. Allequippa P. O. 

J. W. Heilman. Crescent P. 0. 
Wm. McKinney. Williamsport. 

.Tas. Irvin, of Bellefonte. Nittany P. 0. 

Irvin, Thomas & Co. Jno. Irvin, Jr., manager. Howard P. 0. 

C. & J. Curtin. Eagle Furnace P. 0. 

Irvin, McCoy & Co. Jas. H. Linn, manager Milesburg. 

Valentines, Thomas & Co. E. B. Valentines, Jr., manager. Bellefonte. 

Wm. F. Eeynolds. Bellefonte. 

Lyon, Shorb & Co. S. C. Stewart, manager. Spruce Creek. 

J. cSt G. H. Shiinberger. Pittsburg (Allegheny Co.) 

Jos. Green & Co. Col. G. Dorsey Green, manager. Barre P. O. 

A. P. Wilson. B. Lorenz & S. F. Cooper, lessee. Petersburg P. O. 

S- Hatfield, Jr. Alexandria. 

Jno. S. Isett. Jas. Garden, lessee and manager. Spruce Creek P. 0. 

Ed. B. Isett. Tyrone P. 0. 
Lyon, Shorb & Co. Pittsburg, Allegheny Co. 
Graham McCamant's heirs. (Martin Bell, lessee. 
John Bell. Antestown P. 0. 

Isett, Keller & Co. Etna Furnace P. O. 

John Eoyer & Co. A. Eutledge, manager. Williamsburg P. O. 

Daniel U. Eoyer. Sewell, Stewart & Co., lessees. Williamsburg P. 0. 

Shiinberger's heirs. D. C. McCorraick, L. ; Wm. Forbes, M., HoUidaysburg. 

J. H. Duncan. Spang's Mills P. 0. John King, manager. 

J. H. Duncan. Spang's Mills P. 0. John King, manager. 

Ed. F. Shoeuberger, trustee. Musselman & Barnitz, L. East Freedom P. 0. 

Mrs. E. Lytle. (Jas. Hemphill, manager. HoUidaysburg.) 

Burroughs, Higgens, Royer, & Schmucker. (Jos. Higgens, M. Duncanville.) 



Elizabeth Furnace P. O.) 



Union Co. 

Mifflin Co. 
Mifflin Co. 



1827 

1810 
1839 



Huntingdon Co. 1842 

Bedford Co. 1807 

Bedford Co. 1813 

Lycoming Co. 1830 

LycO-ming Co. 1828 

Clinton Co. 1837 

Centre Co. 1840 

Centre Co. 1811 

Centre Co. 1800 

Centre Co. 1795 

Centre Co. 1832 

Huntingdon Co. 1805 

Huntingdon Co. 1826 

Huntingdon Co. 1800 

Huntingdon Co. 1837 

Huntin(;don Co. 1837 

Huntingdon Co. 1836 

Blair Co. 1833 

Blair Co. 1804 

Blair Co. 1813 

Blair Co. 1829 

Blair Co. 18 

Blair Co. 18 
Blair Co. 1829, '51 



Blair Co. 
Blair Co. 
Blair Co. 
Blair Co. 

Blair Co. 
Blair Co. 



1829? 
1826? 
1820? 
1840? 

1831* 
18 



N. B. — * expresses close approximation to the truth without absolute certainty. ? expresses conjectural approximation upon the best information that could 
be obtained ; or, some supposed mistake. The small figures above and in front of the larger ones show wkat has been ; and in a few instances, explained in the 
notes, show a double set of data. Corrections and additions are earnestly solicited on the ground that it is to the interest of all to have the tables complete. 

|^° Corrections. — On page 94, No. 124, instead of "Fagly, Heird & Co., Cecil Co., Md.," redd Fagely, Heird 
& Co., Baltimore Co., Md. On page 89, No. 142, instead of "Nett, Keller & Co.," rearf Isett, Keller & Co. 



are pulled down. The forge is refitting. It has 2 tilt hammers. Made, mostly, 
blooms, for Pittsburg, some to Philadelphia ; very little bar-iron, and only for the 
neighborhood. No means of learning its production or time of work. It made 
certainly not more than 125 tons any one year. (D. N. C.) 

165. LEMNOS Forge (and Furnace).— On Yellow Creek, above Hopewell, and 
in the red shale valley of the upper silurian rocks ; built by Mr. Lane ; has one 
large hammer ; makes the furnace metal into blooms. 

166. BEDFORD Forge.— On Yellow Creek ; built by Swope & King ; has 2 small 
hammers, and makes bar iron. 

167. HEPBURN Forge.— On Lycoming Creek, just inside the mouth of the gorge 
of the Alleghany Mountain, on old red sandstone (For. IX.), and just above the 
Crescent station on W. and El. R. R. ; has 3 fires and 2 hammers, but only uses 
one of each ; works up scrap and pig into shapes ; 1856-57, winter, made boom 
irons, &c. Took possession April, 18.56; did not run steady. Hepburn owned, 
and Essington leased it for 8 or 10 years before. Eun, say 4 months in 1S56 ; 2 in 
1857 (up to date, June 18). 

16S. HESHBON Forge (Furnace and Rolling Mill). — On Lycoming Creek opposite 
McKinney's bridge station on Williamsport and Elmira Eailrnad. Stopped in fall 
of 1856. Used scrap as well as the pig metal of the furnace, for the rolling mill. 



(PINE CREEK Forge.— Formerly owned by J. Vickers, of Jersey Shore ; had 4 
fires and 2 hammers, and made at one time, previous to 1849, 100 tons of blooms, 
and 200 tons of bars. (C. E. S.) Abandoned 12 years ago. 

(ELIAS CREEK Forge, 2 miles below Jersey shore. Owned by Mr. Toomb. 
Burnt down in 1840 and abandoned.) 

(MILL HALL Forge. — Abandoned 13 years ago.) 

(WHITE DEEE Forge, in Union Co.— Abandoned 20 years ago.) 

169. WASHINGTON Forge. 

120. HOWAED Forge (and EoUing Mill).— On Lick Eun, where it issues from 
Nittany (Limestone, No. XI.) Valley, through Muncy or Bald Eagle Mountains, and 
joins Bald Eagle Creek, and on Bald Eagle and Spring Creek Canal ; 3^ mile from 
Howard Furnace ; on No. V. upper silurian red shale. Market 3i east, }i home. 
(Previous report of production 1854, 274 tons ; 1855, 275.) Production of bar, 904, 
727, and 846 tons in 1854, '55, and '56. Lost 10 weeks in 1855, and Jan. and Feb. 
of 1856. Often sell blooms for boiler purposes. Principally work puddled iron 
in 3 puddling furnaces. (See Rolling Mill.) (Make mostly pud. rough bar and 
finish.) 

171. EAGLE Forge Iron Works.- (Furnace, refinery fire, forge, and rolling 



99 



CONTINUED. 





KCMBER OE 




Kind 

of 
power. 


CONSnMPTION 


.§ 
a 

o 




o 




CO 

a 
■3 


to 

.9 


a 


a ft 8) 

£ to § g 's 



PRODUCTION. 



n fH Bi P^ WW 



184:9. 

BL Bar. 



1854r. 



Bl. Bar. 



1855. 



Bl. Bar. 



1856. 



BL Bar. 



Kind of work. 



EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA, BETWEEN THE GREAT VALLEY AND THE ALLEGHENY MOUNTAINS. 



147. Ashland. 

148. Maria. 

149. Weissport. 

150. Pennsville. 


.. 3 

.. n 

.. 2 


151. Tamaqua Iron W. 

152. Hecla. 
1.53. Scbuylkill. 

154. Brunswick. 

155. Mt. Hebron. 


.. 1 

.. 3 
.. 5 
.. 2 
.. 3 


156. Oakdale. 

157. Stouydale. 


.. 5 
.. 3 


158. Nescopec. 

159. Catawissa. 

160. Paxinas. 


.. i 
.. i 
.. 1 


161. Berlin. 


.. 4 


162. Freedom. 

163. Brookland. 


.. 8 
.. 3 


164. Malinda. 


'2 


165. Lemuos. 

166. Bedford. 


.. 3 
.. 3 


167. Hepburn. 

168. Heshbon. 


.. n 

.. 2 


169. Washington. 

170. Howard. 


.. 4 
.. ^4 


171. Eagle. 

172. Milesburg. 

173. Bellefonte. 

174. Kock. 


.. «4 
.. '6 
1 3 


175. Coleraine. 

176. Elizabeth. 

177. Barre. 


.. 7 
.. 3 
.. *5 



178. Juniata, No. 1. 

179. Juniata, No. 2. 

180. Stockdale. 

181. Cold Spring. 

182. Tyrone. 

183. Antes. 

184. Mary Ann, 1, 2. 

185. Etna. 

186. Cove. 

187. Franklin. 

188. Maria (Lower). 

189. Maria (Middle). 

190. Maria (Upper). 

191. Martha. 

192. Alleghany. 

193. Portage. 



'4 

2 

2 

"11 

4 

5 

4 
2 
»4 



. 2 
. 1 
. 1 

. 2 


Water 
Water 
Steam 
Water 


. 1 
. 2 
. 2 
. 1 
. 2 


Steam 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 


. 2 
. 1 


Water 
Water 


. 2 
2 
. 1 


Water 
Water 
Water 


. 1 


Water 


. 5 
. 1 


Water 
Water 


. 2 


Water 


. 1 

. 2 


Water 
Water 


. 1 


Water 
Water 


. 1 
. 1 


Water 
Water 


. '1 
. n 
. 1 

. 2 


Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 


. S3 

. 1 
. 1 


Water 
Water 
Water 


. 1 
. 1 
. 1 


Water 
Water 
Water 


. 1 

. 3 
. 1 

. 2 


Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 


. 1 
. 1 
. 1 


Water 
Water 
Water 


. '2 
. 1 
. 1 
. 1 


Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 


. 1 
. 1 


Water 
Water 



-'• 


100 
60 

50 


•'•' 


120 


18)^ 


125 
27>i 


■9% 


130 
78? 

'7% 


Bars. 

Bars. 

K. R. axles. 

Cinder bl. bars. 


147 
148 
149 
160 


251 


102 
32 
30 

250 


350 


200? 


? 
? 


? 
? 

200? 


? ? 
Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 

.. 60 


Shapes. 
Bars chiefly. 


151 
1.52 
153 
154 
155 


340 


50 


232 
326 


8 


200 
240 


43 


237 
430 


16 


Blooms, 
Blooms. 


bars. 


1.56 
157 


200 


100 
70 


153 
350 


87 
75 


215 
60 
GO 


91 
87 


88 
40 
60? 


49 
35 


Blooms, 
Blooms, 
Blooms. 


bars, 
bars. 


158 
1.59 
160 


.. 






300 




00 


.. 


00 








161 


620 






400 
250 


386 


550 


300 


930 


380 


Blooms, bars. 
. Wire billet. 


162 
163 








.. 


.. 


.. 


.. 


450* 




Blooms. 




164 


•• 






450 


200 


450 


150 


250 


150 


Blooms. 
Bars. 




165 
166 


•• 


100 
300 


60 


40 
300 


40 


30 
300? 




25? 
200? 


Shapes. 
E. M. bars. 


167 
168 


450 


20 


350 
209 




350? 
236 




350? 
291 




Blooms. 
Blooms. 




169 
170 


466 
400 
600 
400 




640 
600 

eoo 

300* 


300 


600 
633 

679 
250* 


200 


660 

615 

710 

00 




Blooms. 
Blooms. 
Blooms. 
Blooms, 


bars. 


171 
172 
173 
174 


1031 
490 
700 




738,1^ .. 
00 
530 .. 


718 .. 
00 .. 
676^ .. 


784 

GO 

568 




Blooms. 
Blooms. 
Blooms. 




175 
176 
177 


640 
475 
305 




691 .. 
404 . . 
133}i .. 


675 .. 
316^^ .. 
265;^ .. 


4.33 

428 M 
258J^ 




Blooms. 
Blooms. 
Blooms. 




178 
179 
ISO 


175 
1543 

410 
400 




00 
997 

00 
150 



10 


274 

1263 

00 

300 


40 


285 .. 
1254 . . 
Abandoned. 

400 ]2 


Blooms. 
Blooms. 

Blooms, 


bars. 


181 
182 
183 
184 


600 
400 
600 




300 .. 
169K .. 
600 .. 


400 
338 
GO 


•• 


450 
339 
GO 




Blooms. 
Blooms. 
Blooms. 




185 
186 

187 


IISO 
400 


■■} 


396 .. 

J^^^ :: 

700 .. 


450 .. 
918>i .. 
254 . . 
500 .. 


494 
83SJi 
41 
700 




Blooms. 
Blooms. 
Blooms. 
Blooms. 




188 
189 
190 
191 


600 
300 






640 
100 


•• 


901 




655 .. 

In disuse. 


Blooms. 
Blooms. 




192 
193 



{Total blooms made, 
Total bars made, 
Total iron forged, 



13,776 12,798 12,806 13,039 

1,254 1,726 1,593 1,143 

27,611 26,551 28,296 

7,840 7,306 8,294 



35,451 



33,857 



36.590 



mill), on Bald Eagle Creek and B. E. and Sp. Cr. Canal ; 1}^ miles from Milesburg, 
18 from Lock Haven. Market, east ; home for 150 tons. Made of bars, 780, 800 and 
800 tons ; lost time, 20, 18, and 16 weeks in 18.54, 'oa, and '56. (Another report of 
production : 1854, 640 blooms, ISO rough bars ; 1855, 600 blooms, 200 rough bars ; 
1856, 660 blooms, 200 rough bars.) 

172. MILESBORO' Forge.— On Spring Creek, Bellefonte ; Phillipsburg Turnpike 
and B. E. and S. Cr. Canal, .and projected Lockhaven and Tyrone E. R. Market, 
east. Time lost in 1854, '00, and '56, eight, four, and seven weeks. (Previous re- 
port of production : 18.54, blooms 500, bars SOO ; 1855, blooms 600, bars 900.) 

173. BELLEFONTE Forge.— On Logan Branch of Spring Creek, 30 miles from 
Lockhaven, via canal. Market, principally oast. Time lost in 1854, '55, and '56, 
seven, four, and four weeks. (Another report gives production for 1855, 340 b.irs.) 
The forge makes best charcoal blooms from the metal of the furnace, requiring 28 
cwt. of pig metal for a ton of bloom. Finish in the rolling mill, (See Table G.) 
Make the bloom iron into nail rods, scythe and shovel iron and billets. 

174. ROCK Forge. — Close by Eock Furnace (see E. ), and stopped running 6 
months after it ; now in ruins. Made No. 1 blooms and slabs for Philadelphia and 
bar for the neighborhood. 

175. COLERAINE Forges, Nos. 1, 2, 3.— On Spruce Creek. Market, west. Three 
Email hammers, say 720 lbs. Capacity, running single time 1300 tons per annum. 

igh three similar buildings, two single tuyere cold 



......V.I ....uiijiv 1 .^, .Ttij I ..w iw.T. y^cipav.iLj' 

Seven fires disti'ibuted through three 



blast fires, and one hammer in each, with one large size tilt hammer. The middle 
forge, No. 1, 1803, is }i mile below the post office ; No. 2, the upper forge, 1809, is 
at the post office ; No. 3, the lower, % mile below. 

(MARY ANN Forge. — On Spruce Creek, 6 miles above Spruce Creek station, 
just below Pennsylvania Furnace ; was dismantled by M. H. Gates, about 5 years 
ago. Another authority called this Elizabeth Forge, and said that Mr. Martin 
Gates pulled it down 8 or 10 years ago.) 
(SILVER LAKE Forge [Wigton's].— On Spruce Creek, 1 mile above Coleraine.) 
(CABUNK Forge.— Steele & Co., owners; last, Wm. Hopkins, owner; pulled 
down 15 years ago.) 

176. ELIZABETH Forge.— On Spruce Creek, 1 mile below Coleraine Forges. Not 
used for about 3 years. " Ought to have made 450 tons a year at a low estimate" 
(150 tons to a fire). Market, Pittsburg. No. 1, 1826, made 40 tons, and No. 2, 1831, 
450 tons of blooms in 1849. (C. E. S.) 

177. BARRE Forges, Nos. 1, 2.— On the Little Juniata, 3 miles above Peters- 
burg ; has one large English hammer. Lost time in 1854, '56, and '66, six, four 
and a half, and three weeks. 

173. JUNIATA Forge, No. 1, [B].— On Pennsylvania E. R. and Little Juniata 
River, adjoining the town of Petersburg. Market, Philadelphia, Easton, and 
Pittsburg. Only 3 fires going in 1854 and '55. (Production for 1854, '55, pre- 



100 



riously given at 310„10 and 120„2.) Time lost, 1S54, '35, 'oG, 3 months, 6 weeks, 
and 2 months. 

179. .TITNIATA " Iron Works" Forge, No. 2, [A.]— On Juniata Eiver, 3}4 miles 
ahove Petersburg, and 6 miles below Huntingdon ; also on Pennsylvania Canal 
and Harrisburg-Pittsburg turnpike, 3 miles south of Pennsylvania Eailroad. 
Market, east. (Production of x>uddled blooms in ISW, lSj4, '5.5, and '56, stated at 
610, 120, 196, and 310 tons ; and of bars " at home" at 87, 110, and 100 tons. By a 
previous repjrt, production for 1851 and '55, was 1150 and 950 tons blooms, 300 
and 250 tons bars, 1.50 and 125 tons sheet iron.) But these statistics properly be- 
long to the rolling mill. (See Table G.) 

ISO. STOCKDALE Forge. — On Spruce Creek and Little Juniata River, above the 
Tussey Mountain Gap, near P. K. K. Station and P. 0- at the terminus of the lo- 
cated line of the Lewisburg, Centre, and Spruce Creek E. E. Market, sometimes 
east ; mostly west. Time lost, 1854, '55, and '56, 6)^ months, 7 weeks, and 10 
weeks. Blooms made, l^o. 1, sold for last two years at a minimum of $75 and a 
maximum of $82}^, for imitation Eussia, galvanized, nail rods, wire, steel, &c. 
Only work 2 tires. 

181. COLD SPEING Forge.— On the Little Juniata. Market, Pittsburg. Time 
lost, 1851, '55, and '56, fifty-two, six, and 9 weeks (repairing). 

182. TYEOKE Forges. — On the Pennsylvania Eailroad, 2 miles east of Cold 
Spring. Market, west. Two large hammers and one small one. Capacity run- 
ning single turn, 2,000 tons per annum. Idle 1851, '55, and '56, twenty-five, six- 
teen, and sixteen weeks. The two buildings contain one 8 fires (6 in use), and the 
other 5 fires. Charcoal costs 5 cents a bushel ; mostly made from the white pine, 
hemlock, and oak lands of Bald Eagle Valley. 

183. ANTES Forge. — Administrators, Martin Bell and John Owens, of Birming- 
ham, Huntingdon County. Has one run-out fire with three tuyeres. Stopped in 
April, 18.32. Not much out of repair. Made slabs and blooms for Pittsburg. 
Never had more than 3 forge fires going at once; these would make about 400 
tons a year. 

184. MAEY ANN Forge. — No. 1, has 4 finery fires and 1 large hammer. Made 
cinder blooms in 18.56 for the first time. No. 2 has 1 chafery and a common small 
chafery hammer, drawing iron into bars (12 tons). 1856, 90 tons cinder blooms. 

185. ETNA Forge. — On*Pennsylvania Canal, X mile south of Mount Etna Fur- 
nace. Market, principally west ; blooms and boiler lumps ; time lost 1856, twelve 
weeks. 

186. COVE Forge.— On Juniata Eiver, 17 miles east of HoUidayshurg, via Penn- 



sylvania Canal, and }i mile we.st from the bend at the foot of Tusey Monntains. 
(On Trentou limestoue.) Market, Pittsburg. Time lost 1854, '55, and '56, twenty- 
one, eight, and ei,ght weeks. 1854, .33VJ tons cinder blooms. 

187. FEANKLIN Forge, — On Canal and Juniata Eiver ; has not been used for 
2;^ years ; began agaiu May 28, 1857. Makes only blooms for Pittsburg. Made 
600 tons (" very exactly") in 1851, losing no time, Eebuilt in 1851. 

188. MAEIA, No. 1, Lower Forge. — Just above McKee's Gap in Bald Eagle 
Mountain, Jx$ mile above Martha Forge. (Pollard McCormick, of Alleghany City, 
AUeshany County, Trustee.) One large slab hammer until about 1812, when a 
small hammer was adopted. The 494 tons of 1856 were part slab and part round 
blooms. No. 1. Lost 3 montlis. In 1855 run 4 fires part time, losing 2 months. 
In 1854 ran steadier and made more. Used to average 600 tons with 4 fires ; but 
now sufl'er from a deficiency of water and stock. Market, mostly at Pittsburg, but 
sometimes in the east. 

189. MAEIA, No. 2, Middle Forge.— K mile above the last, and .300 to 400 yards 
below the next. Lost not more than three months in three years. Hammer 
large (Hick's i^ateut iielve). Makes blooms. 

190. MARIA, No. 3, Upper Forge. — Does not run regularly on account of water 
(Spang's Spring Creek). Makes anconles and bars ; made 236 tons of blooms ex- 
clusive of anconies, no account of which has been taken, say 18 tons, and 15 in 
1856. Market, mostly Pittsburg. " Lost, say six months in the thi-ee years. 

191. MARTHA Forge. — (Ed. S. Hughes, assistant manager) ; 300 yards above 
Martha (Gap) Furnace, on same stream. Cove Creek or Spang's Springs, 6 miles 
west of Martinsburg. Has a refinery or run-out, and 5 finery fires, and a hammer 
of 70 cwt. : used to have one of 6 tons ; use anthracite and charcoal pig metal 
from the Marietta furnaces, to make blooms, slab and round, for boiler iron, wire- 
iron and steel, and steel-wire. Lost no time in 1856. Usually make 750 to SCO 
tons a year. Lost in 1855 about 4 months, aud made "not over 500 tons." Lost 
no time in 1854. Has run since 1S40 except in 1842 and '43. Fine blast. Average 
make, a little over 150 tons a year to a fire. Has 230 acres of farm land, including 
130 acres of meadow, but no woodland. 

192. ALLEGHANY Forge. — On Juniata River, 1 mile sorrtheast of Blair's Gap, 
on Portage Railroad, at the base of the Alleghany Mountains, in Devonian rock.s. 
One large Hick's hammer. Market, chiefly Pittsburg. Use charcoal, Eebecca 
Furnace metal. Make blooms, Nos. 1, 2. Average 750 tons a year, )i No. 1. Lost 
no time in 1855 ; 4 months in 1856. 

193. POSTAGE Forge (and Rolling Mill) has been disused for several years. 



N. B. — The production of the small bloomery forges of the 
above table was a difficult matter to get. Books are not 
often kept and no account is preserved of lost time. In the 
absence of owners the reports of workmen and others are 
only distant approximations to the truth. Yet a balance of 
errors will afford compensation enough to make the sum total 
of each year a pretty reliable quantity. 

All bloomery forges deal directly with the ore and only 
where the ore is pure and rich, — with those high per cent, 
heavy, crystalline, magnetic ores which are confined to one 
geological belt. They are therefore numerous in Northern 
New York and in Northern New Jersey, wher# the primary 
rocks spread out. In Virginia and the Carolinas are still 
larger areas of these rocks, but, as our future tables will 
show, northern enterprise and southern capital have not 
begun to develop their iron wealth. North New Jersey, with 
the New York market on one side and the Pennsylvania coal 
fields on the other, should make a better exhibit than it does. 
It is one of the oldest iron regions in America, crowded with 
old fashioned blooraeries, many of which are in ruins, some 
have entirely disappeared, and many have been replaced by 
modern forges working up pig metal. Its furnaces have 
almost all gone out of blast, and there seems no prospect of 
an immediate revival of the manufacture, although its frank- 
lin ite ores have been proved to make some of the finest iron 
in the world, and when alternated with other ores, after Mr. 
Kent's process, to be perfectly manageable. The same belt 
continued into Pennsylvania past Reading and south of Car- 
lisle is alive with furnaces and forges, which run upon the 



magnetic ores included in the gneiss, and also upon the hema- 
tite ores of the country on each side. The only advantage 
enjoyed by this last named region is proximity to the anthra- 
cite coal basins. 

These magnetic and hematite ores, if not sedimentary de- 
posits themselves, belong at least to sedimentary rocks of a 
well-known age and place. The hematites seem to be super- 
ficial deposits and have been called tertiary ; but are confined 
to the lower silurian system and outcrop in an immense curve 
sweeping from Lake Champlain into the far south ; they un- 
doubtedly belong to beds which pass down under the Appala- 
chian country, and occasionally make their appearance in its 
interior limestone valleys. In the neighborhood of the 
Schuylkill River there are said to be three successive deposits, 
the lowest of which contains most manganese. The mag- 
netic ores are of an older age, and are only seen to outcrop 
in the Huronian system (which the English call the Cambrian). 
In anticipating the future discussion of our ores, it is only 
meant to draw attention to the belt of country along which 
the principal number of the forges of Table F are situated. 

The following distances occur along the New York and 
Erie R. R. : Patterson IT miles; Sufferns 33 (Piedmont 
Branch); Ramapo 34; Sloatsburg 36; Southfield 43; Green- 
wood 45 ; Chester 56 (Newburg Branch). Along the Morris 
and Essex R. R. : Newark 9 ; Morristown 31 ; Rockaway 40 ; 
Dover 43; Stanhope 53; Waterloo 55 (Sussex Branch to 
Newton 12 miles); Hackettstown 62; Stage to Oxford 12 
miles. 

J. P. L. 



101 
NOTES TO TABLE G.— ROLLING MILLS. HUDSON TO POTOMAC. 



1. S. NEW YORK AND N. NEW JEESET. 
33. EAMAPO Iron and Steel Works. See Table F, note 2o, page 91. 
3i. SUFFERN"S Rolling Mill. See Table F, note 24, page 91. 

35. CHRISJIAN & DURBEN\9 Rolling Mill.— Went into operation Marcli 1, 
18.57. Works both trains, but only by day. Cumberland coal. Charcoal blooms ; 
little scrap. Make only boiler plate for New York. 

36. CHEISMAN & CO. Rolling Mill. — Has neither hammer nor squeezer. Cum- 
berland coal ; about 60 tons a month ; one of coal to one of iron. Charcoal blooms 
and a little scrap. Blake only boiler plate for New York ; some for Richmond. 
Averaged 60 tons a month in 1856 ; only run one furnace, and by day. 

37. CHARLOTTENBUEG Rolling Mill (under the same roof with the Forffe). 
See Tabic F, note 31, page 92. Has the heating fire in the forge. Has a break 
down and a finishing train, and sometimes a third for finishing Only finish the 
forge work. Buy, say 75 tons of bloom and 25 of scrap, in addition to the product 
of the forge. Anthracite coal in the heating furnaces, X ton to a ton of iron, say 
400 tons a year. Lose half the year in the mill. 

38. POMPTON Rolling Mill, close by the Furnace. See Table E, note 41, p. 84. 
In 1814 the furnaces were increased by Horace Gray. Has a metal helve shing- 
ling hammer; no squeezer. Picton and Cumberland coal for puddling; anthra- 
cite for heating. A'ery little done in 1854 ; scarcely anything in 18.35 ; working up 
stock. Last run by a Chemical Company of Newark, to experiment. At present, 
do not use the puddling furnace for steel ; use 2 heating and 3 cast-steel fires, and 
make nothing but steel ; commenced work close of June, 1857. Make cast-steel 
K. R. frogs, and " cast-steel spring steel." 

39. POWERVILLE Rolling Mill.— Makes hoop iron and small bars from 3-16 to 
IX of ii" inch for Newark and New Y'ork. See Table F, note 40, p. 92. 

40. ROCKAWAY Iron Works,— Last owned by Rockaway Iron and Steel Works 
Co., now in Chancery. Has been here a small mill since 1826; last rebuilt, 18.55. 
Has 3 hammers of the ordinary kind, a squeezer, and 2 spike machines. Steam- 
engine 150 liorse-power. Uses anthracite coal exclusively, say 4,000 tons last year ; 
say 2,000 tons in 1854, 1855. Uses half charcoal blooms and half anthracite pig 
metal. 

41. BOONTON Rolling Mill — Has no hammer, but 2 squeezers, a Burden, and a 
crocodile. Annual production, from May 1, 18.54, to Mayl, 1855, 5,596 tons nail plate 
and 707 nail rods ; to May 1, 1856, 7,081 tons nail plate, 718 spike rods, 165 hoops; 
to 1857, 6,483 nail plate, 603 quarter-inch rods and 165 smith. Consumption, 1856, 
of hard coal 9,386 tons ; soft coal only for smith's use. The apparent falling off 
of production in 1856 is explained by an excess of stock of rough bar. "The pud- 
dling of 7,436>4 tons pig with 1,758 tons ore, heating 1,102 tons scrap, and finish- 
ing 7,251 tons plate and rods with 9,385^.^ tons of coal is correct." (W. G. L.) 

(VAIL'S Speedwell Iron Works, on the Rockaway, one mile above Morristown, 
consists of tliree machine shops, making portable steam engines, sugar, grist and 
saw-mill works, and other machinery; has a foundry and a forge, with a small 
trip-hammer, and 5 hand forges. The shop was founded by Judge Stephen Vail 
in ISOO, and run bv Geo. Vail & Co. until Jan. 1857 ; now by Canfleld & Linger- 
trood. No. 9 Gold St., N. York.) 

42. DOVER TJolling Mill.— Rebuilt in 1819 and in 1838 ; has 2 heating furnaces 
for iron and 1 for steel ; no squeezer; six boiler-rivet machines driven by steam 
in a separate building since 1838. A third roof covers five trunks for converting 
steel, holding 20 tons each ; a cupola furnace and an air furnace for casting. 
Consume American hammered charcoal bar for rivets; Swedish bar for steel 
Use only their own scrap, say 50 tons a year. Have converted as much as 1,000 
tons of steel in a year. See the 2d Annual Report of the Geological Survey of 
New Jersey, for 1855. The following table shows the make of the works since 
1841:— 

[a. Finished rods. B. Spring steel, c. Rivets. E. Boat, ship, and R. R. spikes. 
E. American blister steel. F. Washington Forge octagon bar-iron. See Table F, 
note 52, page 92.] 

A B DBF 

tons. tons. lbs. Ufs. tons. 

1841 246 714 131,872 56,634 3 

1842 151 439 87,2.53 .57,803 

1843 211 628 66,010 124,557 

1844 2S4 923 122,063 208,687 34 

1845 515 672 227,934 150.027 18 1.31 

1846 611 625 313,263 208,125 158 

1847 631 6«0 430,000 2.53,507 43 212 

1848 494 379 330,212 488,485 33 210 

1849 390 453 510,578 116,162 29 159 

1850 420 641 628,524 85,580 20 201 

1851 314 642 587,225 32,078 235 

1852 393 964 777,444 8,302 16 116 

1853 555 7.)1 906,790 2,214 S 179 

1854 562 27S 1,084,700 10,000* 10 167 

1855 429 602 

1856 660 175 600 tons 

Spikes and rivets go to the New York ofiice; the rest sold at home. Consume 
SOO to 1000 tons of coal, much of it in making rivets and spikes. Swedish iron 
loses 5 to 6 per cent, in making into spring steel, gaining in the conversion and 
losing in the manufacture. American bar iron loses about 8 per cent. (H. McF.) 

"Employs about .50 hands and consumes annually about 600 tons anthracite in 
heating, and 6 to SOO cords of chestnut and oak in converting steel. The Ameri- 
can blister and spring steel was converted from English and Swede iron princi- 
pally from stamps manufactured expressly for conversion, which has paid two 
transportations." See Report by G. M. Hinchman, June 14, 1855. 

(MONROE Nail Factory and Rolling Mill. — In ruins ; not used for thirty years.) 

43. TRENTON Rolling Mill.— "The capacity of our mill to make rails did not 
Tary materially from 10,000 tons per annum until 1854, when it was enlarged 
to 15,000 tons. The actual product in 1851 and 1852 was very small indeed. We 
do not think over .5,000 tons each year. In 1853, it was about 8,000 tons. In 1854, 
10,000 tons. In 1S55, about 12,000 tons, and in 1856, 14,000 tons." (New York, 
Feb. 10, 1857, Cooper, Hewitt & Co.) Of the 6 heating furnaces 2 are in the wire- 
mill, the product of which is included with that of the rail-mill. Here were made 
the first " wrought-irou beams for fire-proof buildings" for the United States 
Government, and the manufacture continues for public and private buildings. 
See " Diagrams, showing the production, consumption, and prices of iron, pre- 
pared and presented by Cooper & Hewitt, New York," published with pamphlet. 



2. SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 

44. CUMBERLAND Nail and Iron Works.— Rebuilt 1824, enlarged 1847 and 1853 ; 
has one squeezer ; 4 steam engines, and 4 water wheels. Consumed 6498 bitumin- 
ous and 1833 tons anthracite coal in 1856. Made in 1854, 4718 tons bars, 92,313 
kegs nails ; in 1855, 3409 tons bars, 82,217 kegs nails, 102,809 ft. of gas tube ; in 
1856, 4265 tons bars, 83,337 kegs nails, 561,542 ft. gas tube. (R. C. N.) 

3. EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 

45. LEHIGH Rolling Mill.— Between the canal and the river, in South Easton, 
with a water-power of 650 inch, 3 feet head ; has had no nail machines in opera- 
tion for the last ten years. Made in 1854, '.55, and '56, 26,000, 32,&-H, and 42,680 
bundles of wire (of 63 lbs. each) ; consumed 1,800 tons of anthracite coal. 

46. OXFORD Iron and Steel Works.— On Frankford Creek, 5 miles from Chest- 
nut Street. Make scrap into blooms, sell some blooms and work the rest up into 
saw plates for steel and other pui-poses ; buy steel scraps and make it into cast- 
steel ; buy Swedish iron and mal;e into steel and the steel into springs ; thus, in 
1856, made 626 tons of blooms from 1,000 tons scrap iron ; made 158 tons of cast- 
steel ; made springs out of 540 tons Swede iron. (W. & H. R., Feb. 16, 1857.) 

47. KENSINGTON Rolling Mill.— Was burnt down and rebuilt alongside of the 
Kensington Iron Works ; one wharf is used by both works. 

49. PENN Rolling Mill (called Verree's in Table F, No. 79).— Has two grate fur- 
naces, three heating furnaces, three converting furnaces capable of converting 
1,000 tons of iron to steel, and two bloomeries for scrap and a hammer, for which 
last see Table F, note 79, p. 93. In 1854, made 10 per cent, less than iu 18.55 or 
1856. Lose 2 weeks per annum. Malce spring steel, plow steel, bar iron, slit 
rods, blooms. Use 500 tons Swedish iron, and 3,200 tons scrap. 

.50. TREATY Rolling Mill.— Owned by Leibert & Wainright : was built for a 
rail mill, but lay idle six years, and was fitted up in December, 1856, for a sheet 
mill. It began work on the 31st December, and has run night and day ; has two 
grate and one heating furnace ; its sheet train is double ; has a squeezer for ball- 
ing scrap and pig blooms. 

(FRANKLIN Rolling Mill.— 21-^ miles N. W. of Chester, owned by Gifford John- 
son, living near by, was changed from a spring steel, sheet-iron, and saw-plate 
mill, to grist mill and edge-tool factory, in 1853. It was built in ISIO and rolled 
iron until the spring of 1853. It is now Beatty's well known tool factory.) 

51. FAIRMOUNT Rolling Mill. — Has two steam-engines 25 in. cylinder, 5 feet 
stroke, and 12 in. cylinder, 2^4 feet stroke. Consumed, 1854, 1.500 tons pig; 1855, 
1200 tons pig, 20 tons blooms. "Receives its coal direct by shute from the Colum- 
bia Railroad into the rear, and ships its rails on to the canal basin in front, under 
Coates Street. Boilers above the furnaces in pairs. Has a rotary squeezer. Makes 
all sizes of small railroad iron for turnouts, warehouses, coalyards, &c ; gas tubing, 
band, socket, and railroad chair iron, &c. Makes Reading R. R. rails. 

52. FOUNTAIN GREEN Rolling Mill.— Situated on the east bank of the Schuyl- 
kill, half a mile below the Columbia Railroad Bridge ; nail works above, fronting 
on the railroad. Has a railroad spike machine with two heaters, a rivet machine 
with a heater, and a new horseshoe machine, just trying (Sept. 1, 1857), one guide 
mill, one cut spike machine, and one R. R. chair machine. Power one 120 and 
one 40 horse engine ; 4 boilers 36 inches diameter by 30 feet long ; 2 boilers 30 
inches diameter by 30 feet long. This mill was built by Jas. S. Spencer, Jr., 1848. 
"A fine draught of air always passes through the mill, which never stops for 
warm weather." — H. McC. 

53. FLATROCK Rolling Mill.— Situated alongside of the forge (No. SO, Table F, 
pp. 93, 91), between the east bank of the river and the canal at the upper end of 
JIanayunk, above the Factories, is fed by the forge and works up its blooms. Has 
one train oi' rolls. 

54 PENCOYD Rolling Mill.— On the west side of the Schuylkill, half mile below 
the Flat Rock. 

55- CHELTENHAM Rolling Mill.— On the Tacony, three quarters of a mile 
above Milltown ; 2 miles from Green Lane Station, N. Penua. E. E. Has one 
grate furnace. 

56. CONSHOHOCKEN Rolling Mill.— Between the river and canal ; used now 
only for finishing the Pennsylvania work. Has a grate furnace. Its production 
is included in the next. Built and started in 1832 by Jas. Wood. 

57. PENNSYLVANIA Rolling Mill.— Built in 1854 and started in 1855. Steam, 
130 horse power. Has one single and two double grate fires ; and a crocodile 
squeezer. Made in 1855, 68 tons flue iron, 182 tons Russia, 93 charcoal bloom 

sheet, 194 tons of . In 1856 made 184 tons Russia sheets, 724 tons pnddled 

ditto, 100 tons flue iron, 132 tons bloom sheets. Used 1,637 tons of hard coal iu 
1855; 3,033 tons in 1856. 

58. WHITE MARSH Iron Works. — Has one grate and one heating furnace, and 
one squeezer. 

.59. NORRISTOWN Rolling Mill.— On the river front behind the anthracite fur- 
nace, has a rotary squeezer, and made 1,800 tons of puddled iron and 1,000 tons 
boiler iron in 1856, with 5,500 tons of anthracite coal. In 1855, used 2,100 tons 
pig, 1,100 blooms, 100 scrap, 5,000 hard coal, 1,000 soft coal. In 1854, used 2,200 
tons pig, 1,200 bloom, 200 scrap, 6,000 hard coaL 

60. NORRISTOWN Nail Factory, No. 2. — Has one spike machine, and made in 
1854, 31,684 kegs ; in 1855, 37,000 kegs ; in 1856, 30,000 kegs. 

61. NORRISTOWN Rolling Mill, No. 3.— On the river, just south of the other 
two works. 

62. PHCENIX EoUing Mills.— On the Beading Railroad at the mouth of French 
Creek, consists of three. The west or rail mill has a puddle train of three pairs, 
each pair including both roughing and finishing grooves ; a rail train of three 
pairs, and a small bar train to which the rail ends are immediately drawn on 
being cut off and rolled into merchant bar, without reheating. The east mill has 
a puddle train of two pairs, one roughing and the other finishing, and a bar train 
of two pairs. The north mill has a puddle train of one pair, a small train of four 
pairs for finishing fiat, round and square iron, and a small merchant train of three 
pairs (one of which is on a separate shaft) for rolling chair bars, which are taken 
hot to a set of circular saws and cnt up into railroad chairs. These are afterwards 
chiseled to free them from the burrs left by the saws, and tried upon the rails, 
and then taken to the workshops a hundred yards up the creek on the south side, 
where six slotting machines and a punch finish them. Fifteen hundred chairs 
are made a day. Each mill has a rotary squeezer. There are 3 engines in the 
west mill ; three in the north, and two in the east. The three anthracite fur- 
naces stand west of the mills on the same side of the creek (see No. 53, 54, 55, 



102 



TABLE G. 

BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION, 



ROLLING MILLS. 

No. 141 SOUTH EIGHTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 



OWNERS ; p. 0. ADDRESS j LESSEES AND MANAQEKS. 



1. SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NORTHERN NEW JERSEY. 



Ramapo I. & S. W. Opposite Ramapo Station, Erie R. R. 
Suffern's R. M. J^ mile west of SuiTern's Station. 



J. G. Pierson's tieirs. (H. L. Pierson, N. Y.) J. Wilson, lessee. Ramapo. 
Andrew Winter. Ramapo P. 0. 



Rockland Co., N. Y. 1800* 
Rockland Co., N.Y. 1850, '53 



Chrisman & Durten's. 1>^ m. W. N. W. Jersey City Ferry, Prospect St. Chrisman & Durten. Jersey City, box 35. 
Christman & Co. 2 m. S. W. of Jersey City, on Bergen Pt. plank road. Chrisman & Co. Jersey City, box 35. 



HODSON Co., N. J. 
HcDSON Co., N. J. 



1857 
1852 



Charlottenburg. 11 miles north of Rockaway. 

Pompton. 6 miles east of Rockaway. 

Powerville. 4 miles east of Rockaway. 

Rockaway. Eastern end of Rockaway. 



Geo. H. Renton, Newark. C. F. D'Camp. Newfoundland P. 0. Morris Co., N. J. 18-10 

Chas. A. Richter. Boonton P. O. Illingworth, Nimmo & Co., le;ssees. JIorris Co., N. J. 1838, '4t 

T. C. Willis, owner and manager. Boonton P. O. MoRius Co., N. J. 1846 

Moses A. Brookfield & Albert A. Stanborough, assignees. Morristown. Mokbis Co., N. J. 1826, '55 



Boonton. 
Dover. 

43. Trenton. 



19 miles from Newark. Fuller, Lord & Co., N. Y. W. G. Lathrop, agent. 

200 yards N. of M. & E. E. E. Station. Henry McFarlan. G. M. Hinchman. Dover P. 0. 

South. Trenton on the Delaware. Cooper, Hewitt & Co. Trenton N. J. 



Morris Co., N. .T. 1825* 

Morris Co., N. J. 1792, 1819, '38 

Mercer Co., N. J. 1845 



2. SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 



44. Cumberland. 



At Bridgeton, 35 m. S. of Philada. Cumberland Nail and Iron Co. Rob't C. Nichols, manager, Bridgeton. Cumberland Co. 1815, '24 



3. EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 



45. Lehigh. 



2 m. above the mouth of the Lehigh. Stewart & Co., owners. John Stewart, manager. South Easton. 



Oxford. 23d Ward, Philadelphia. 

Kensington R. M. Beech St. above Poplar, Ken-sington. 
Kensington I. W. Beech St. above Poplar, Kensington. 



Penn. N. Delaware Av'nue ab. Poplar, Kens. 

Treaty. Beech and Mulberry Sts. Kensington. 

Fairmount. Thirteenth Street above Coates. 
Fountain Green. 2 miles above Fairmount. 

Flatrock. Lower end of Manayunk, 

Pencoyd. W. side Schuylkill, 1 m. bel. Manay'k. 

55. Cheltenham. 1 mile below Shoemakerstown. 



W. & H. Rowland. Office 61 S. Second St., Philadelphia. 

Nat. Rowland & Co. Philadelphia. 

Jas. Rowland & Co. Philadelphia. 

J. Robbius, Jr., & J. P. Verree, own's. Verree & Mitchell, les. & man. 

Leibert, owner. Marshall, Plunkett & Co. 



Northampton Co. 

Philadelphia Co. 
Philadelphia Co. 
Philadelphia Co. 
Philadelphia Co. 
Philadelphia Co. 



Charles E. Smith & Co. C. E. Smith, manager. Philadelphia. Philadelphia Co. 

Strickland Kneass, 59 N. Water St. J. Haldeman, ag't. H. McCarty, Jr , M. Philadelphia Co. 

M. B. Buckley & Son. OfBce 56 Walnut St., Phila. Mr. Harrigan, man. Philadelphia Co. 
A. & P. Roberts. Office Broad St. below Vine, Philadelphia. Montgomery Co. 



Conshohocken. 13 miles from Philadelphia. 
Pennsylvania. 13 miles from Philadelphia. 
White Marsh I. W. 13 miles from Philadelphia. 



Norristown, 1. 
Norristown, 2. 
Norristown, 3. 

Phcenix E. M. 
Phoenix, No. 2. 
Phrenix, No. 3. 
Chester Co. 

Thorndale. 
Rokeby. 
Brandywine. 
W. Brandywine. 
Laurel. 
Viaduct. 
Valley (Cain). 
Hibernia. 



Upper end of Norristown. 
Upper end of Norristown. 
Upper end of Norristown. 

> At Phoenixville on the Schuylkill. 
100 yards above Phoenixville Station. 

2J^ miles west from Downingtown. 
4 miles south from Coatesville. 
At Coatesville 

2}4 miles north of Coatesville. 
43^ miles south of Coatesville. 
Under the Coatesville Viaduct. 
% mile northeast of Coatesville. 
4 miles north of Coatesville. 



74. Pleasant Garden. New London Cross Roads. 



Pinegrove. 

Pottsgrove. 
Pine. 

Birdsboro'. 
Gibraltar. 

Reading. 
Neversink. 
Mcllvaine's. 
Keystone. 



81. Franklin. 
85, 



16 m. S. W. of Penningtonville station. 

Lower end of Pottstown. 
21^ miles N. E. of Douglass-ville. 
9 miles below Eeading. 
6 miles south of Eeading. 

Seventh St., south end of Eeading. 
100 yards alD. the Harrisburg Bridge. 
Corner of 8th and Neversiuk Sts. 
Pine St., between 2d and 3d Sts. 

Little Schuylkill above Port Clinton. John Rausch. Port Clinton. 



Rowland and Hunt. 

) John Wood & Brothers. Office 159 N. Second Street, Philadelphia. 
\ Conshohocken P. 0. 
Wood & Lukens. Conshohocken P. 0. 

Wm. Schall, owner. Norristown. 
Wm, Schall & P. Dewees. Norristown. 
Jas. Hooven, owner. 

5 Phoenix Iron Co. Office Franklin Building, Walnut St. above ) 
\ 4th, Philadelphia. John Griffen, manager. Phoenixville P. 0. \ 

Workingmen's Iron and Nail Co. Pennepacker, secretary. 

Horace A. Beale, owner and manager. Thorndale Iron Works P. 0. 

Abigail Fisler, owner. J. G. Fisler, manager. Coatesville P. O. 

R. W. Lukens's heirs. Coatesville P. 0. 

Samuel Hatfield, owner. Ben. R. Hatfield, manager. Wagontown P. 0. 

Hugh E. Steele, owner and manager. Coatesville. 

Steele & Worth, owners and managers. Coatesville. 

C. E. Pennock & Co., owners and managers. Coatesville. 

Chas. Brooke, owner. Brooke & Bro., lessees hereafter. Wagontown. 

D. McConkey, of Westchester, owner. J. Scott, manager. 

Enos Pennock, owner and manager. Oakhill P. 0., Lancaster Co. 

Potts & Bailey, owners and managers. Pottstown. 

Joseph Bailey, owner. Jos. Bailey & Sons, lessees and managers. 

E. & G. Brooke, owners and managers. Birdsboro' P. 0. 
H. A. & S. Seyfert, owners and managers. Reading. 

Seyfert, McManus & Co. Eeading. 

M. A. & S. Bertolet & Co., owners and managers. Eeading. 
Wm. M. Mcllvaine, owner and manager. Reading. 
Snell, Mullen, Banford & McCarty. Reading. 



87. 



Pottsvillo. 
Palo Alto. 

Weissport. 

Lackawana. 

Rough & Ready. 
Montour, No. 1. 
Montour, No. 2. 



92. Duneannon. 



Fairview. 

Central. 

Harrisburg. 

Columbia. 

Safe Harbor. 
Colemanville. 



In Pottsville, on the Schuylkill. 
In Pottsville, on the Schuylkill. 

In Weissport, on the Lehigh. 

At the upper end of Scranton. 

Danville, Catawissa R. R. 
Danville, lower end of town. 
Danville, lower eud of town. 

15 miles above Harrisburg. 

2 miles above Harrisburg Bridge. 

Upper part of Harrisburg. 

}i mile below the railroad station. 

y^ mile northwest of the R. R. station. 

10 miles southwest of Lancaster. 
12 miles south of Lancaster. 



John Burnish & Co., owners and managers. Pottsville. 
Haywood, Lee & Co. Pottsville. 

Weiss & Wentz, owners and managers. Weissport. 

Lackawana Coal and Iron Co. Jas. H. Phinney, secretary. Scranton. 

Hancock & Foley. Danville. 

Montour Iron Co. J. P. & J. Grove, agents. Danville. 

Montour Iron Co. J. P. & J. Grove, agents. Danville. 

Fisher, Morgan & Co. John Wister, manager. Duneannon. 

J. Pratt & Son, owners. Chas. Wilbar, manager. West Fairview P. 0. 
Chas. L. Bailey & Bro., owners and managers. Harrisburg. 
J. Pratt & Son. N. Middlebury, Conn. 

Smith & Bruner, owners. Jas. A. Richards, manager. Columbia. 

Reeves, Abbott & Co. Wyatt W. Miller, manager. Safe Harbor. 
George Dawson Coleman, Lebanon. Claris Hoopes, man., Colemanville. 



Montgomekt Co. 

Montgomery Co. 
Montgomery Co. 
Montgomery Co. 

Montgomery Co. 
Montgomery Co. 
Montgomery Co. 



Chester Co. 
Chester Co. 

Chester Co. 
Chester Co. 
Chester Co. 
Chester Co. 
Chester Co. 
Chester Co. 
Chester Co. 
Chester Co. 

Chester Co. 

CSester Co. 

Montgomery Co. 
Berks Co. 
Berks Co. 
Berks Co. 

Berks Co. 
Berks Co. 
Berks Co. 
Berks Co. 

Schuylkill Co. 

Schuylkill Co. 
Schuylkill Co. 

Lehigh Co. 

Luzerne Co. 

Montour Co. 
Montour Co. 
Montour Co. 

Perry Co. 

Cumberland Co. 
Dauphin Co. 
Dauphin Co. 

Lancaster Co. 

Lancaster Co. 
Lancaster Co. 



1837 

1855 
1840 
1845 
1845 
1846, '56 

1846 
184S 

1820 
1855 

1790 

1830 
1853 
1857 



1846 



1846 
1830 

1847 
1795 
1810 
1810 
1825 
1838 
1837, '54 
1837 

1845 

1844 

1846 
1845 
1848 
1846 

1836 
1845 
1857 
1857 

1849 

1852 
1855 

1854 

1844 

1847 
1846 
1854 

1838 

1831 
18.53 
1836 

1854 

IStS 
1828 



[CONTIKOED OK PP. 106, 107 



103 



FROM THE HUDSON 

SEPTEMBER 1, 



TO THE POTOMAC. 

1857. 



UniMBEB OF 




Kind 
of 




CONSUMPTION 


1856 




'h 1 

FM p,pii to ° 




•d ,« 


»H 






a 


P* 


to 


Double 
dling 

Single 
dling 

Heatiu 
Trains 


■3 

o 




a 

a 

w 


power. 


i 

o 

o 


'ft 
O 


o 
o 


o 


o 
o 



1849. 



rRODUCTrON. 



1854. 1855. 1856. 



W'ks. 



W'ks. 



of manufacture. 



W'ks. 



1. SOXJTHEEN NEW YORK AND NORTHERN NEW JERSEY. 



3.3 Ramapo. 
31. Suffern's. 

3.5. C. & Dnrben's. 

36. Chrisman&Co. 

37. Charlottenh'g. 

38. Pompton. 

39. Powerville. 

40. Rockaway. 

41. Boonton. 

42. Dover. 

43. Trenton. 



22 



2 12 
1 .. 

2 
2 



'1 »2 
2 3 



»4 *3 110 
3 2 6 

14 6 .. 



Water 
Water 

Steam 
Steam 

Water 
Water 
Water 
S. &W. 

S. &W. 
S. &W. 

Steam 



.. 






.. 


10 .. 


.. 


75 25 . . 


.. .. 


600 . . 

100 . . 


1,758 7,436 


. . 1,102 . . 
60 . . 



100* 25 

100? .. 

300? .. 

1,500 48 



6,303 
840 



8,000* 10,000 



50? 



50* .. 



130* 
See Forg 



7,964 
931 

12,000 



50? 



Steel, &c. 
Shapes finished. 



450* 35* 550* 40* 



100* 25* 
100? .. 
400* 35* 
2,000* 48 



. . Boiler plate. 
550* 40* Boiler plate. 

100* 25* Finished iron. 
00 Steel. 
400* 35* Hoops and rods. 
1,000* 21 R. R. spikes, &c. 



7,251 
935 

14,000 



50? Nails and spikes. 
. . Steel and iron. 

. . Rails and wire. 



33 
34 

35 
36 

37 
38 
39 
40 

41 
42 



2. SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 



44. Cumberland. 



S. k W. 



692 



4,615 47 4,115 45 4,167 35 Nails, &c. 



3. EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 



45. Lehigb. 


.. .. 


4 


2 


'0 .. 


Water 




1,400 


40 .. 


900 


819 


.. 


1,034 .. 


1,344 




Wire. 


45 


46. Oxford. 

47. Kensing. R. M. 

48. Kensing. I. W. 

49. Penn. 
60. Treaty. 


'7 'i 


4 
2 
4 
5 
3 


2 

1 
4 
2 
2 


.. 2 


Steam 
Steam 
Steam 
Steam 
Steam 


.. .. 


200 


1,000 540 


600 
600 

1,685 
00 


1,250 

1,620 
00 


60 



1,300 '. '. ) 

1,800? 60 
00 


700 

5,000 

1,800? 
00 


50 

■J 




Spring & cast steel. 
Spring, plough, < 
& shovel steel. ( 
Sp'gsteel.rods, &c 
Sheet iron. 


46 
47 








18 




•• 


3,200 500 


49 
60 


61. Fairmount. 
52. Fount. Green. 


.. 7 
2 2 


«3 
2 


2 
2 


19 .'." 


Steam 
Steam 


.. 2,000 
.. 1,550 


50 

SS 


260 .'.' 


300 


1,402 
1,600? 


40 
? 


1,172 37 
1,600? ? 


1,935 
1,655 


48 
? 


Band ; hoops. 
Bar, rod, nails. 


51 

62 


53 Flatrock 


.. .. 


1 

2 


1 
1 




Water 
Steam 








600 


750 


? 


800 ? 
335 .. 


600 
1,200 


? 


Plate iron. 
Axles ; bar. 


63 


64. Pencoyd. 


.. 


.. 


1,330 .. 


64 






? 


1 




Water 








300 


1,000? 
small 

1,200 
1,584 
2,300* 




1,000? .. 


1,000' 




Boiler plate. 

Sheet and plate. < 

Sheet iron. 

Boiler plate. 

N.ails. 

Bar, plate, nails. 


53 




.. '0 
2 .. 
.. 2 

4 8 

"4 '.'. 


n 

6 
2 

4 
'3 


1 
3 
2 

2 
'3 


29 '. ". 
13 1 


Water 
Steam 
Steam 

Steam 
Steam 
Steam 








279 > 
2,775 


50 
46 
50 


637 .. 

1,^00 50 
1,8.30 50 
2,500* 60? 


1,140 43 

1,000 50 
1,500 46 
2,500* 50 


36 


67. Pennsylvania. 

68. White Marsh. 


.. 900 


180 


.. .. 


57 

5H 


69. Norristown, 1. 
60. Norristown 2. 


.. 2,000 


1,000 


100 .. 


69 
fifl 


61. Norristown, 3. 


.. 3,000 


.. 


.. 


61 


62. Phoenix, 1, W. 


13 1 
8 .. 
.. 11 

1 2 

'. '. ■ b 


9 
6 
6 
1 

2 

«2 

^1 

2 

n 
n 


3 
2 
3 

2 

2 
1 
1 
2 

1 
2 
1 

1 


.. 1 

■.'. '6 


Steam 
Steam 
Steam 
Water 

Steam 

Water 

Water 

Water 

Water 

S. &W. 

Water 

Water 








5,463 

1,800 

725 
150 
944 
1,000 
834 


13,688 

1,200 

00 

1,000 
800? 
448 
845 
625 

1,121 
124 
100 




48 
? 

40? 
? 

31 
11 
13 


14,500 .. 18,592 45 

6,500 .. 3,690 45 

00 Dilapidated. 

600 52 800 48 
825? ? 360 39 
800 .. 7S9 30 
895 46 1,065 47 
7.30? ? 236 21 
721 26 1,170 43 
700* 42 900* 49 
220 28 175 22 


Rails. 

Bars, rods, and < 
axles. I 

Plate. 

Boiler plate. 
Boiler plate. 
Plate and flue. 
Boiler plate. 
Boiler plate. 
Boiler plate. 
Boiler plate. 


6'' 


63 Phojnix, 2 E. 








63 


64. Phojnix, 3, N. 








61 


65. Chester Co. 








63 


66. Thorndale. 

67. Rokeby. 

68. Brandywiue. 

69. W. Bran'wine. 

70. Laurel. 

71. Viaduct. 

72. Valley (Cain). 

73. Hibernia. 


.. • .. 


900 
400 


.. .. 


65 
67 

68 


.. 


1,100 

260 

1,270 

1,000 

190 


'10 .' .' 


69 
70 
71 
72 
73 


74. Pleasant Gard. 


.. '0 


2 


1 


.. .. 


Water 


.. 


170 


.. 


.. 


350? 


.. 


350? .. 


150 


20 


Boiler plate. 


74 


75. Plnegrove. 


. . .. 


1 


1 




Water 




300 


3 .. 


340 


250 


? 


230* 7 


250* 


? 


Boiler plate. 


75 


76. Pottsgrove. 

77. Pine. 

78. Birdsboro'. 

79. Gibraltar. 


1 1 
"2 "2 


3 
n 

2 
n 


'1 

'2 
1 


'.'. ■.■. 


Steam 
Water 
S. &W. 
Water 


. . 200? 
.'.' 1,675 


1,100? 
1,050 

750 


450 .'.' 


863 

830 

1,000* 

400 


1,400 60 

1,105 .. 

1,6.jO* 50 

650 48 


950 50 

937 48 

1,800? .50 

700 48 


1,150 
972 

1,998 
650 


50 
46 
49 
48 


Boiler plate. 
Boiler plate. 
Nails. 
Boiler plate. 


76 
77 
78 
79 


80. Reading. 

81. Neversink. 

82. Mcllvaine's. 


.. 12 
.. 3 

'.'. i 
.. 2 

... 8 
.. 4 


»5 

*3 

2 

2 

1 

8 
2 


3 
2 
1 

1 

1 

2 
2 


.. "i 
.. 1 


Steam 
Steam 
Steam 
Steam 

Water 

Steam 
Steam 


.. 4,740 
150 1,500 


206 


648 .. 
800 .. 


2,100 
500 

50 


4,031 60 3,846 50 4,613 50? 
2,000 49 2,000 49 2,000 49 

Destroyed by flood of 1854. 

1,678 50 1,5.33 60 3,0211^50 
.. .. 500? 8? 2,500 50 


Bars, nails, &c. 
Bar ; plate. 
Plate. 
Shafts ; bolts. 

Bars. 

T rails. 

Bars, rails, axles. 


80 
81 
8' 


S3. Keystone. 








83 


84. Franklin. 








84 


85. Pottsville. 








85 


86. Palo Alto. 


.. 4,000 


.. 


.. 


86 


87. Weissport. 


.. 2 
.. 36 


1 
11 


1 
3 




Steam 
Water 








6,000 


60 

9,327 


•• 


100* .. 
10,633 . . 


200* 
11,338 


50 


Round & sq. bar. 
T rail. 


87 


8S. Lackawana. 








88 


89. Rough & Re'y. 

90. Montour, 1. 

91. Montour, 2. 


..11 3 
13 "7 "10 
. . ''30 . . 


2 
3 
1 




Steam 
Steam 
Steam 


.. 6,311 
.. 9,924 
..11,063 




.. .. 


955 
1,943 > 


3,241 
13,903 


46 


3,513 46 
15,114 . . 


5,259 
17,538 


48 
45 


Rails. 

Rails. { 


89 
90 
91 


92. Duncannon. 


. . "11 


'5 


4 


52 .. 


S. &W. 


.. 4,400 


60 


500 .. 


2,975 


2,605 


? 


4,025 40? 


3,989 


40? 


Bar and nails. 


92 


93. Fairview. 

94. Central. 

95. Harrisburg. 

96. Columbia. 


2 1 
.. 2 

.. '4 

"12 .. 


3 
2 
2 

2 

'6 
4 


2 
1 

1 

2 

2 
2 


35 .. 
12 '.'. 


Water 

Steam 
Steam 

Steam 

Steam 
Water 


.. 700* .. 
60 1,280 


.. 


1,500 
400 

5,567 
1,214 


750* 26 
1,074 48 

10,.511 45 
1,600 . . 


400* 13? 
1,013 49 

586 14 

10,798 46 
1,600 .. 


600* 21 
1,271 49 
Not used. 

1,066 34 

7,347 41 
1,600 . . 


Nails. 

Boiler plate. 
Boiler plate. 

Bars ; rods. 

Rails. 
Plate; bars. 


93 
94 

95 








96 


97. Safe Harbor. 

98. Colemanville. 


.. 9.801 
.. 1,850 




50 .. 


97 
9S 



[Continued on pp. 106, 107. 



104 



Table A, pp. oS, 66), and the approach is by railroad from the south side of the 
creek iipon tressels, tljrcuigh which stock is dumped ; andalsoby caual on the north 
side under the clitfo, in which are the quarries. The machine shops contain turn- 
ing and planing lathes, and a foundry attached furnishes light and heavy castings. 
The casting on of roll ends upon broken rolls by pouring in and tapping of melted 
metal repeatedly in an upright mould, is now habitually pursued here. Mr. Sa- 
muel J. Keeves, thirty years ago, in New Jersey, when communication with Phi- 
ladelphia was cut off by cold weather, first successfully jnended a broken shaft of 
large size in this manner. 

The rolling of chairs and girders at these works is accomplished by a peculiar 
method of piling which takes off the strain from the iron. For girders the pile 
consists of four flat bars laid together, all four edges on each side being clamped 
into a wide bar with two flanges in the middle of its side ; while the chair bar is 
made with a bottom wide plate on which is laid two triangular bars face to face 
touching, and in between them a narrow bar to cover the joint. Both forms are 
patented. The power of the girder train to turn off work has never been certainly 
tested, probably from twenty to twenty-five tons in twenty-four hours. The mill 
is prepared to make at least forty different patterns of rails. There seems to be 
no ascertained limit to tire size of these flanged girders upon the principle of the 
prepared shape pile, which is evidently capable of infinite application, and has 
introduced in reality a new era in iron rolling. 

65. CHESTER COUNTY Rolling Mill.— Between the Reading Railroad and 
Schuylkill River; wa-s leased by the Workiugmen's Iron and Nail Company, but 
the lease expiring June 3, ISoi, the works have fallen into dilapidation. (E. F. 
Pennepacker, Secretary.) 

66. THORNDALE Rolling Mill.— One mile west from Gallagerville, close to the 
Columbia Railroad. Capacity about 1,800 tons ; never has made over 1,100. Has 
one Nasmyth hammer, but no squeezer; two steam engines. Estimate in the 
table a close one. Run single in 1855 ; double 8 months in 18.56 ; only by day. 
2,'16i lbs. double gross charcoal blooms will make 2,000 lbs. Pennsylvania boiler 
iron. Running double, can puddle 8 tons a week ; commonly use but one side of 
the double puddling furnace, the other side walled up ; sometimes by removing 
the boshes change it to a heating furnace. In 18.5.3, tried Lemon's (Alleghany) 
coal for t) months and found that 25 2-5ths bushels, or 1,796 lbs. would make 
2,000 lbs. of iron. Now use Broadtop coal and like it as well. (H. A. B.) 

67. ROKEBY Rolling Mill. — On Buck Run and on the Pennsylvania Railroad. 

68. BRANDYWINE Rolling Mill.— Uses Broadtop and Alleghany coal. 

69. WEST BRANDYWINE Rolling Mill.— At Wagontown, 40 miles west of Phi- 
ladelphia on the West Branch Brandywiue Creek. Made, in 1854, out of 865 tons 
blooms 715 tons best boiler plate, and 130 tons second quality ; in 1855, out of 935, 
660 best, and 235 second; in 1856, out of 1,100 tons, 600 best and 465 second quality. 
See Juniata Iron Works (Table G, note 108, p. 105), with which these works are 
connected, receiving from thence its blooms. There are here two mills, with one 
train in each; the new flywheel will give an additional capacity of .300 to 500 
tons. Two heating furnaces in east mill going alternately. Eastern mill built in 
1840 ; the other in 1843. Use 25,000 bushels of Alleghany coal, and intend to 
continue to use it. 

70- LAUREL Rolling Mill. — At the mouth of Buck Run ; was idle nine months 
of 1856, rebuilding. For 5 years, previously, the works were leased to James 
Penrose. In 1850, when in Mr. Steele's hands, they made 924.y tons plate iron. 
The statistics of fires, &c. are for the mill in 1855. Had, April 15, 1857, one train 
of plain rolls, one reverberatory fire and one reheating furnace ; using one at a 
time. 

71. A''IADUCT Rolling Mills, — }^ mile froja midway station on the Brandywiue 
where the Columbia Railroad crosses it. Two mills close together ; one changed 
from water to steam in 18.55. Have a puddling furnace not in use for years ; sub- 
stitute a reheating furnace sometimes for one heating furnace. In 1854, was 3 
months rebuilding; in 1855, one train stood 9 months' rebuilding; water-power 
mill, and one train stood 3 mouths. In 1856, mill stopped 2 months during ex- 
treme cold in January and February for repairs. Run one mill night and day, 
and one in day time only. The gross ton of bloom iron makes a neat ton of 
plate. Formerly used Alleghany coal, but now. Broad Top, and like it rather 
bettor ; about a ton of coal to a nett ton of plate (B, T. rather less than A), used 
950 to 1,000 tons in 18.56 ; one mill built about 1840 and the other about two years 
later; made, 1854, 1,603,403 lbs. ; 1855, 1,471,144 lbs. (Mr. W.) Don't use the 
English hammer. 

72. VALLEY (formerly CALN) Iron Works. — On the W. Brandywiue ; was re- 
built, remodelled, and enlarged in 18.54. One heating furnace runs night and day ; 
a .second began to run May, 1857. Started Oct. 12, 18.54. The estimated products 
are from April to April, but the product of 1854 is exact. Make a nett ton of plate 
from a gross ton of bloom. Use and prefer Broad Top coal. Average of Broad 
Top and Alleghany mixed to the ton of plate was 23 bushels of 80 lbs. 

73. HIBERNIA Rolling Mill.— At the Hihernia Forge, one mile from Wagon- 
town. Age stated also at 1840 and at 1833. Business in 1854 "extremely bad," 
in 1855 very dull. Used Alleghany, but now Broad Top coal. 

74. PLEASANT GARDEN (formerly Chester Co.) Iron Works.— Sold June, 1857. 
The forge is in ruins, but is said to have made in 1854, 150 tons of blooms. Roll- 
ing mill made in 1856, 150 tons boiler plate, and is said to have made about 3.50 
tons of boiler plate per annum from April 1, 18.50, to Jan. 1, 1856. Has one Heat- 
er's furnace for bituminous, and one grate furnace for anthracite coal, and a pud- 
dling furnace not in use. (J. S., 41 North 3d St., Philad.) 

75. PINEGROVE Rolling Mill.- In Lower Oxford Township, on the Chester Co. 
side of Octoraro Creek, opposite the forge. Not so much done here for the last 
two years as before. Capacity 400 tons. Uses a few blacksmith's scraps. Uses 
Hollidaysburg bituminous coal, ton to ton, 38 or 39 bushels. Allow 16 per cent. 
loss in turning bloom into plate. Market, Port Deposit. 

76. POTTSGROVE Rolling Mill.— On the railroad near the river bank ; has a 
train of merchant bar, not used for seven or eight years. Has one large and one 
small engine ; an alligator sciueezer. The present firm took the works April 1, 
1857, and make principally boiler plate, No. 1, from charcoal slabs; some No. 2 
from anthracite, pig, and a little scrap ; 30 to 40 tons a week. Ran 3 heating fur- 
naces in 18.54, but only 2 in 18.55 and '56. Never ran at night. 

77. PINE Rolling Mill.— On Manatawny Creek. Used in 1854, 1,000 gross tons 
of blooms ; in 1855, 925 ; and in 1856, 9.50. 

78. BIRDSBORO' Rolling Mill and Nail Works.— Manufacturing the "anchor" 
brand nails, situated, with Keystone Furnace, on Hay Creek near its junction 
with the Schuylkill, originally with a 23 feet overshot wheel 22 feet wide, for the 
rolling mill, and 8 feet wide for nail factory, afterwards furnished with a hundred 
horse-power engine to drive the rolls. Hampton Furnace is two miles up the 
creek and belongs to the same parties. Four miles above is Soidel & Switzer's 
f'jrge, and a mile further up are H. Seifert's forges and boiler mill. Market, at 



Philadelphia and at home. Has two squeezers, one Jackman's and one alligator. 
Used, 1856, 4,800 tons of anthracite coal, and made 39,957 kegs of nails. 

79. GIBRALTAR Rolling Mill.— On Alleghany Creek, ]4 mile from mouth, and 
just above Thompson's and Franklin Forges (see Note 99, p. 96, and Nos. 98, 99, 
100, Table F, p. 94). The works have been running day and night, in 1857, for 
four months (June, 1857), and making 25 tons of finished boiler iron per week ; 
expect to make 1,000 tons in 1857. Made more in 1855 than in 1856. Used Alle- 
ghany coal in 1855 ; about 600 tons of Cumberland in 1S56 ; will use Alleghany 
again in 1S57. The Cumberland makes a stronger flame. The works u.se up all 
the blooms of the forges and call for a further supply. " Charcoal iron is getting 
scarce to make boiler plate with ; anthracite iron is getting too plenty and spoils 
the other iron, unless it is remelted in charcoal run out fires." 

80. READING Rolling Mill- — Has four extra heating furnaces for spikes and 
rivets ; and 2 spike and 2 rivet machines included in the 37 in the table. Steam- 
engine, 180 horse-power. One Burden squeezer with wheels rigged above instead 
of below, and thus protected from scrap. Consumed in 1856, 12,050 tons of coal, 
and say 500 tons of Champlaiu ore, and made 2,843 tons of bundled and bar iron, 
and 1,770 of nails, spikes, and rivets. In 185.5, made 2,293 tons of bund, and bar, 
and 1,553 tons of nails and spikes, consuming 9,906 tons of coal. The year is 
from July 1 to July 1. 

81. NEVERSINK (Bertolet's) Iron Works. — Had a Jackman squeezer, but now 
use a Kirk hammer of about a ton for welding the blooms for heavy boiler plate, 
fire boxes and locomotive purposes; also an alligator squeezer. The Jackman 
squeezer consists of two horizontal rolls playing in opposite directions, one larger 
and moving faster than the other. The bloom is laid between them above and 
rolls through downwards. It is very severe upon the bloom. The product of these 
works, when running full, is about 8 tons of plate and bar per day ; idle last three 
years about three iveeks each year, running a plate train by day and a bar train 
by night; previous to 18.54 made plate, but no bar. Uses 150 tons of ore for lining 
per year, and more pig than scrap. 

82. McILVAINE'S Rolling Mill. — Just erected, and gone into operation, July 1, 
1857, uses charcoal blooms, and bituminous coal entirely ; has a 2 ton Nasmyth 
hammer for welding slabs previous to rolling ; hammer drops 5 feet. The works 
are intended chiefly for locomotive iron, have a capacity of 1,000 tons, and are 
expected to make 800 tons per year. 

83. KEYSTONE Rolling Mill.— (See Forge No. 96, Table F, p. 94, and note 96, 
page 93.) 

84. FRANKLIN Rolling Mill. 

85. POTTSVILLE Rolling Mill.— Ran the first year of its completion entirely 
upon merchant bar, and still continues to make a few hundred tons. It made in 
1852, 907„11„2„12 of T rail ; in 18.53, 1,511„15„2,,05 ; in 1854, 1,678„01„1„23, &c. 
Makes colliers' rails, 22, 25, 28, 30, 32, 35 and 40 lbs. to the yard ; large rails 50, 
oG and 60. Added 1 heating furnace in 1857. 

86. PALO ALTO Rolling Mill. — Has also boiling furnaces, and uses about 
8,000 tons of anthracite coal per annum, 2,500 tons of pig and scrap. Makes rails 
from 22 to 64 lbs. to the yard. Added one puddling and 2 heating furnaces la 
1857, and run chiefly on old rails. 

(Note : the machine shops of G. W. Snyder (with an investment of $100,000, a 
foundry and blacksmith shop) ; of Lewis Vastine ; of Pomeroy & Son ; of Wren 
& Brotbers ; of J. & S. Derr ; of Wm. C. Smith, are in Pottsville. Tho.se of Tobias 
Wintersteen & G. B. Fisher & Brother, are at Port Carbon. The large shop of Wm. 
Dehaven is at Minersville. That of J. B. & L. R. Kiefer is at Schuylkill Haven. 
That of Gritnth, Caltera & Co. is at St. Clair. Leger, Cox & Co. has one at Donald- 
son, and there is another at Tremont, and a large new one at Pinegrove. L. P. 
Garner's is at Ashland.) 

87. WEISSPORT Rolling Mill.— Stopped on account of high water. Made 
37.5,978 lbs. between April, 1856 and Jan. 18.57 ; used scrap until Oct, 1856, and pig 
metal afterwards. The rolling mill was added to the forge. 

88. LACKAWANNA Rolling Mill is built on the north side of the stream about 
.300 yards above, and on the same side as the furnaces (see Nos. 109 to 112, Table. 
This building is on a higher level than the other, which is the older of the two ; 
A, p. 62), in two parallel buildings, with the last or northernmost row of furnaces 
fed from the gaugmouth of a coal bed in the far corner of the building. Small 
railroads lead up the bank of the stream from the furnaces to the mill. The 
production in the table is estimated to the first of January of each year from the 
following data. The mill made, 1853-54, 7,669 tons of T rail; 1854-.55, 10, 983,, 15,, 
0,,23 ; 1855-56, 10,280,, 15„0,, 16 ; from July 1, '56, to Feb. 1, '57, =7 months, 6,196,, 
14,,0,,11 tons ditto. 

(DANVILLE Rolling Mill, formerly owned by S. P. Case (Davis, Lessee), with 
3 puddling furnaces and 2 trains of rolls, built in 1845, sold by the sheriff in 1848, 
has made nothing since.) 

89. ROUGH AND READY Rolling Mill.— On the North Branch Susquehanna, 
and Canal, 11 miles east of Northumberland and 50 southwest of Wilkesbarre. 
Not certain that the puddling furnaces are all single. Steam engine 105 horse- 
power. Consumed, in 1854, 3,925 tons pig ; in 1855, 4,215 tons pig. 

90. MONTOUR Rolling Mills —Situated between the main road down the river 
out of Danville and the canal, consist of two, in the first of which are 13 double 
and 11 single puddle fires, about 30 of which are in use : 3 pairs of puddle rolls, 
one pair for seconds, one pair for reheating six inch for tops and bottoms, and one 
roughing and one rail finishing. It has 1 Burden squeezer and 2 alligators. Its 
steam power consists of one 90 horse, one 40 horse, and one 30 horse engine. It 
made 8,764 tons of puddle bar, and 17,538 tons of rails in 1856. 

No. 2 has .32 puddle fires, about 30 going, and 4 puddle rolls. It has one 60 and 
one 30 horse steam-engine, and made 9,810 tons of puddle bars in 1856. The whole 
production of rails, since Jan. 1, 1850, has been as follows; — 

18.50 6,223,, 5„3„ 5 

1851 7,903,, 0„3„20 

1852 . . . . ■ . . . ll,00t„10„2„15 

18.53 11,18S,,13„2,,03 

1854 13,903„04„1„19 

1855' 1.5,113„09„1„17 

1856 17,537,,10,,3„04 



82,873„15„1„27 
The following table for the months of 1856 will enable one to compare the pro- 
duction of rails with the consumption of pig iron, hard coal in puddling and heat- 
ing, and soft coal in puddling; — 

Sails. Pig. Hard coal. Soft coal. 

January .... 2,090 2,541 4,850 58 

February .... 1,767 2,243 4,556 53 



|^= FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE MEMBERS. 

105 



May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 



2,584 


2,636 


5,321 


160 


1,116 


1,553 


2,981 


173 


1,329 


1,517 


2,979 


121 


1,118 


1,748 


3,488 


103 


1,741 


1,891 


3,698 


99 


2,099 


2,292 


4,523 


114 


2,028 


2,219 


4,387 


113 


1,673 


2,351 


4,527 


162 



17,337 



20,991 



41,312 1,148 tons. 



May, in tbe above table, includes a part of March and April. It is in this mill 
that Mr. Grove has tried puddling by machinery. A circular puddle hearth, with 
a water flange, holding half a ton, revolves under a double bar screw through 
which water flows, and whicli is itself turned backwards or forwards to work tbe 
metal, and is lifted out when not in use. After a year's siiccessful trial, making 
better metal than that made by hand, a new apx^aratus on the same plan has been 
erected to hold about a ton. l^ tons of coal goes to puddle a ton of iron, and % 
ton of coal to heat a ton of iron. 35,000 tons of anthracite coal made 17 to 18,000 
tons of iron. 100 lbs. of Tangascootac (semi-bituminous) coal was added in work- 
ing a ton of iron ; i. e. 1800 tons in all, but this coal was found to be too sulphur- 
ous. 

92. DUNCANNON EoUing Mill on the Susquehanna at the mouth of Shuman's 
Creek and on the Pennsylvania Railroad, has lost much time from low wafer. 

93. FAIRVIEW Rolling Mill.— Back of Fairview, 2 miles above the bridge, on 
the west side of the Susquehanna River, has one sliingling hammer and rolls for 
bar iron ; these have not been used for years. It makes nails entirely. It was 
rebuilt 1847, enlarged 1851, worked from Jan. 7, to June, 1854, and from Oct. or 
Nov., 1855, until May, 1856. Called 140 kegs a common day's product; average 5 
tons a day. Used Alleghany coal for puddling and heating, and antliracite for 
heating nail plates. Used, mostly, anthracite pig metal, and sent product to New 
York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. (Mr. W.) Average, say 10 tons a day. 

94. CENTRAL Rolling Mill.— At Harrisburg, on the Pennsylvania Railroad ; 
consumed 1,050 tons of blooms in 1854; 980 tons in 1855. Tlae puddle furnaces 
did not work in the fall of 1856 until the first week of November, making 60 tons 
of blooms and using the same amount of pig iron, and getting into regular work 
Jan. 1, 1837. 

95. HARRISBURG Rolling Mill.— Between the railroad and the canal, has been 
unused for three years and more. Has no puddle fire, nor squeezer, nor hammer. 
Made boiler plate only. Used blooms ; and sent plate to Philadelphia, and some 
to New York and Boston. (Mr. Wilbur.) Ran about 9 months in 1834, averaging 
about 18 tons a week of finished bar iron, and 5 tons a day of hail iron. (Mr. 
Neply.) The old mill burnt down in 1851 ; were 26 nail machines, 5 puddling 
furnaces, a heating furnace, and one train of rolls. 

96. COLUMBIA Rolling Mill. — Has a large train and a small train of rolls, a 
Burden's squeezer, two steam engines, and uses pig iron except a little scrap 
for bottoms. Makes bar iron from ^ in. to 6 in. wide, and round iron from )^ to 
4}^, square from }^ to 23^. Makes 150 to 175 tons a month. Consumes 9 tons of 
pig a day when in full work ; l}^ to 1 ton of refined bar. Uses Hollidaysburg 
coal about 8 tons a day, and 5 tons a day Plymouth anthracite. Market, New 
York and Baltimore ; sometimes Philadelphia. Product 1855 : Aug. 24 days, 1.33 
tons ; Sept. 18 days, 103; Oct. 25 days, 171 ; Nov. 7 days, 110 ; Dec. 12 days, 70 
tons. In 1836, March, 20, 26 ; Apr. 2.5, 130 : May, 26, 116 ; June, 2-), 121 ; July, IS. 
84; Aug. 11, 48; Sept. 23, 124; Oct. 21, 138; Nov. 22, 101; Dec. 11, 57 tons. In 
1857, Jan. 13, 133 ; Feb. 18, 100 ; March, 2S days, 163 tons, refined bars. (J. A. E.) 

97. SAFE HARBOR Rolling Mill.— On the Concstoga Slackwater Navigation, 
near the Susquehanna River. iMade, in 1854, out of 12,976 tons pig and 1,100 tons 
scrap; 10,511 tons r^ls. In 18.35, out of 12,102.42 tons pig and 1.500 tons scrap, 
made 10,633 tons rans and 145 tons rounds. In 1857, made 7,319.91 tons rails and 
27.53 tons splice plates. The foundry used considerable pig iron in 1854 and 1833, 
which must come out of the consumption of pig in those years. 

98. COLEMANVILLE Rolling Mill. 

4. MIDDLE PENNSYLVANIA. 

99. IIESHBON Rolling Mill.— On the Lycoming Creek (see note 168, page 98, 
Table F. Sold June, 1837.) 

100. CRESCfiNT Rolling Mill.— On the Lycoming Creek; uses scrap and turn- 
ings one-fourth, and pig metal three-fourths ; has lost only four weeks each year, 
for several years. Has 6 nail and 1 spike machine, and uses 1,000 tons of the 
Ralston 22 inch vein (bituminous), and 50 to 60 tons of the Shamokin antliracite 
for nail plates. E. G. Heilman, who controlled the works, decea.sed in the sum- 
mer of 1856. 

101. BLOSSBURG Rolling Mill.— On the Tioga River and Railroad, 40 miles 
south of Corning, Steuben Co., N. Y. 

(CORNING. — A uew rolling mill is to be erected at Corning, by Col. Hiram W. 
Bostwick & Co., with a capital of $150,000.) 

102. HOWARD Rolling Mill —(See note 170, Table F, p. 98.) Makes round, 
square, and flat iron of all sizes. The 296 tons of consumed blooms in the table 
were refined ; the 13 tons of scrap were wrought. In 1S33, consumed 1,061 pig, 
216 bloom, 12 wrought scrap, and made bars and slit rods. In 1831, consumed 
1,013 tons. 

103. IIECLA Rolling Mill. — Three-quarters of a mile from the Bellefonte and 
Lockbaven Railroad, 300 yards N. E. from the furnace. (No. 115, Table E, p. 86 ; 
note 113, p. 88.) Went into operation in the winter of 1846, and out in 1S48 ; in 
again Dec. 1853. Has one train of puddle or "muck" rolls, one of boiler rolls, and 
one of finishing rolls. Has one vertical hammer driven by a wheel and pulley 
on tlie end of a cam shaft, a rare and not successful application of power. The 
heating furnace has been in use only since Aug. 1, 18.56, from which time .500 tons 
of finished iron, 283 of which were made before Jan. 1, 1857. "About 232 tons 
more will be finished by the end of next week, when the mill is to be stopped. It 
may be put iu operation as a boiler mill during the present summer in connection 
with the Washington Furnace and Forge." (June 4, 1836.) Just 200 tons of pud- 
dled rough bars were miide and sold as such before Aug. 1, 1836, 10 or 13 tons of 
which were made before Jan. 1, 1856. Market, mostly Philadelphia ; also Dun- 
cannon and Elmira. Used raw bituminous Queen's Run and Egleton coal; 1,050 
tons Queen's Run ; 700 tons since Dec. 1853. Use the Hecla Furnace pig, and ship 
remainder to Reading, Duncannon, Daupliin ; use some at home for foundry. 

101 MILESBURG Rolling Mill.— On the Bald Eagle Canal half a mile south of 
Milesburg; is thirty years old ; its forge is fifty years old. Forge rebuilt, 18.V2 
(see note 172, p. 98), the Rolling Mill, 1849. The first mill was for bar iron ; built 
in 1831, but there had been a previous one for making boiler iron. Use one of the 



heating furnaces one-third the time. The forge has a train of puddle rolls, and 
the rolling mill one for finishing. Has 3 nail macliines and 2 machines for cutting 
railroad bridge bolt screws. Makes horseshoe rods, nail rods, and common sizes 
of round, square, and flat iron, and only nails enough to .supply their own demand. 
Use bituminous coal raw from Snowshoe, 2,.500 tons per annum, 25 bushels to the 
ton, a ton of coal to a ton of puddle iron, and 1,500 lbs. to a ton of iron in the 
heating furnace. Consume all the charcoal pig bloom of the forge iu the mill. 
The product of the last two years will scarcely vary more than a few tons from 
1,200. 

105. EAGLE Rolling Mill. — Has an alligator squeezer, and a puddling and 
finishing train. Runs principally on merchant bar for shovels and scythes. Use 
their own furnace pig (No. 116, Table E, p. 86) and forge bloom (No. 171, Table F, 
p. 98). Finished 830 tons in 1856, and 1S.')5 and 1834 would not vary 23 tons from 
that amount (another report gives for 18.53, G30 tons). Market, Philadelphia and 
New York. Used 20,000 bushels raw Snowshoe bituminous coal (14 miles distant, 
N. W. across the Alleghany Mountain), a ton of coal to a ton of puddled iron, and 
13 bushels of coal to a ton of rolled iron. 

106. BELLEFONTE Rolling Mill.— Makes slit rods, wire, billets, shovel and 
scythe iron ; stopped only for repairs. Consumed, 1833, 364 pig iron, 692 bloom 
iron. 

107. PORTAGE Rolling Mill.— On the Alleghany Portage Railroad; was not in 
operation in 1834. In 1S33, it consumed 1,028 pig, 40 blooms, 167 scrap in making 
462 tons assorted bar, and 13,420 kegs nails. In 1856, it made 1,228 assorted bar, 
and 9,270 kegs nails. " The nail factory was burned down Feb 27, 1832, rebuilt 
June, 1834. In 1854, was made 80 tons of small iron, 200 ton* bar iron ; in 1855, 
300 bar and 125 small ; nails from July to Jan. 18.55, 3,398 kegs ; from Jan. '55, to 
Jan. 56, 13,400 kegs. Six puddling furnaces now make 38 tons a week, the greater 
part of which is made into bar iron, and the balance into nails," (J. H., corresp., 
Oct. 21,18.36.) 

108. JUNIATA Rolling Mill. No. 1.— Used one puddle furnace, in 1836, seven 
months, and the other five mouths. Has one bar and one sheet train. Consumed 
1,3.30 tons of pig in 1849, 1,030 in 1834, 1,190 in 1835, 950 in 1856. 

110. MONT ALTO Rolling Mill.— One mile south of the forges (see Nos. 140, 141, 
Table F, pp. 94 and 97) on the same stream with all the other works, Antietam 
Crock. Has a 30 feet wheel 12 feet wide and a 20 feet flywheel weighing 2t tons. 
Another hammer of 1,000 lbs., and a new heating furnace were put up June, 1857. 
A second train is also making. The nail factory was burnt down some years ago 
and never rebuilt. Consumes nearly all the Mont Alto Furnace pig, after it has 
passed through the lower forge ; also, 150 to 200 tons wrought scrap from the 
neighborhood. Make 350 tons of bars and horseslioe-nail rods, &c., in all, say 300 
tons. Mill works about half the time, and only by day. Use Cumberland coal, 
perhaps 20 bush, to the ton of iron. 

5. DELAWARE. 

111. WILMINGTON Rolling Mill,— Enlarged 1850 ; has not used one heating 
fnrnace since 1855. Has a Nasmyth hammer, and use chiefly blooms and some 
little scrap, and some scrap steel for cultivator plates. Used 383 tons Alleghany 
coal and 229 tons Cumberland coal from April, 1856, to April, 1857 ; since then a 
boat load of Broad Top. Make first and second quality plates and boiler plates 
for Wilmington, Philadelphia, and New York ; in 1856, 1,306,850 lbs. ; in 1855, 
about the same. Work only by day. (Mr. H.) 

112. DIAMOND STATE Rolling Mill.— Built Nov. 18.54, and now enlarging 
(July, 1857) ; runs day and night. Has a squeezer. Small bar, band, scroll, oval, 
rivet, and horseshoe iron. Consume about )s (both charcoal and anthracite) 
pig, JJ scrap. Consume 1,000 tons Cumberland coal, one ton to one of puddled 
iron. Market New York, Philadelphia, New Orleans, and at home. Note: Ex- 
pect to add one double puddling furnace, now erecting (July, 1857), 

113. DELAWARE Iron Works (formerly J, Wood & Sons).— y of a mile off the 
Lancaster Turnpike (Office of Delaware and Schuylkill Works, and of McKees- 
port, iu Philad.), began to manufacture sheet iron about 30 years ago in what had 
been a nailplate works. At that time only Towusend in New Jersey made sheet 
iron. Time of building unknown. The discovery of the method of making Rus- 
sia sheet iron is said to be the accidental use of linseed oil, and then the accidental 
dropping of a quantity of it upon the hot sheet as it was going into the rolls. Has 
one grate, one heating, and one single puddling fire, one squeezer, and a train of 2 
pair bar and one pair plain rolls. Makes 12 to 28 wire gauge slieet iron. Use, say 
3.50 tons of anthracite iu the grate ; formerly used 700 tons Cumberland (just now, 
Broad Top, and prefer it) for puddling and heating. Market, United States. Made 
in 1S,52, 2S1 tons, losing 3 mouths ; in 18.53, 347 tons ; in 18.54, .351 tons, 2 cwt. ; in 
18.55, 276 tons, including 200 imitation Russia, on which the mill ran 9 months ; in 
1S36, 327 tons, including 100 tons imitation Russia. 

114. MARSHALL'S Rolling Mill.— On Red Clay Creek, 2 miles west of Newport, 
has one reheating and one grate fire, and one squeezer. Uses mostly charcoal 
pig, and from 50 to 100 tons very best wire blooms. Makes sheet iron for Phila- 
delphia, Baltimore, Wilmington, and the neighboring country, for roofing. Con- 
sumes 400 to .500 tons of anthracite in the grate, and 800 tons Cumberland for pud- 
dling and reheating. (Mr, M,) 

6. MARYLAND. 

115. ELK Rolling Mill. — On the Big Elk, where a rolling mill (probably copper 
works), existed iu tlie time of the Revolution. It became an iron mill perhaps iu 
1825 or 18.30, and has suffered no alteration for at least nine years. Has one heat- 
ing furnace ; one grate fire for heating plate ; one squeezer and one train of two 
pairs of rolls. Uses chiefly pig ; not 100 tons of blooms. Consumes about \^ an- 
thracite for the grate and Yi Comberland (900 tons) for puddling and heating; be- 
gan to use anthracite only in November, 1856. Made boiler plate, only, until Oct. 
4, 18.55, when the dam broke and nothing was made for a year ; since Nov. 1856, 
made only sheet iron, for Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York, &c. Capacity, 
800 tons a year. " Jlill built by Jno. Evans, about 1810." Francis Parke, of 
Westchester, Pa., and Robt. Parke, of Parkesburg, ran the mill in 1854 and 1855. 
Mr. Worth (Steele, Worth & Co.) of Coatesville, manager. 

116. WEST AMWELL Iron Works.— On Big Elk Creek ; is now enlarging by 
addition of one single boiling, one l;eating, and one grate furnace for sheet iron ; 
an additional pair of plain rolls and a pair of bar rolls to the same train, and a 
squeezer. Have used 1 % ton of anthracite coal in the grate per day. Work day 
and night. Have consumed only bars hitherto ; will use up pig, bloom, and scrap 
hereafter. Make best refined aud best charcoal sheet iron from No. 14 to No. 28 
inclusive, and to 30 inches wide, for Philadelphia and Baltimore principally; also 
Wilmington, &c. Began Aug. 1854, and ran double turns. In 1S53, lost 6 weeks 
with one set. Made very light iron, all 1856, working night and day. 

117. NORTHEAST Rolling Mill.— On the Wilmington and Baltimore Railr oad 
one hundred yards east of the station, on Northeast Creek, was burnt 20th Nov 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 
United States in and for the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylvania. 



106 



ROLLING MILLS. 



AMEKICAN IRON ASSOCIATIOISr. 



TABLE — G 



situation. 



OWNERS ; p. O. ADDRESS ; LESSEES AND MANAGERS. 



4. MIDDLE PENNSYLVANIA. 



99. Heshbou. 

100. Crescent. 

101. Blossburg. 

102. Howard. 

103. Hecla. 
101. Milesburg. 

105. Eagle. 

106. BellefoDte. 

107. Portage. 

108. Juniata, No. 1. 

109. Juniata, No. 2. 

110. Mont Alto. 



5 miles north of Williamsport. 

11 miles north of Williamsport. 

Blossburg, on the Tioga R. R. 

12 miles northeast of Bellefonte. 
7 miles E S. E, of Bellefonte. 
1^ miles below Bellefonte. 

4j4 miles northeast of Bellefonte. 

1 mile southeast of Bellefonte. 

2 miles west of Hollidajsburg. 

1 mile east of Alexandria. 
Shaver's Creek. 



Wm. McKinney, late owner and manager. Williamsport P. 0. 
H. D. Heilman & Co., owners and managers. Crescent P. O. 

J. H. Gulick, owner and manager, Blossburg P. 0. 

Jno. Irwin, Jr. & Co., owners and managers. Howard P. 0. 

Gregg. Irvin & Co., owners and managers. Hublersburg P. O. 

Irvin, McCoy & Co., owners and managers. Milesburg P. 0. 

C. & J. Curtiu, owners and managers. Milesburg P. 0. 

Valentines & Thomas, ow'rs. Valentines, Thomas & Co., less. & man. 
S H. N. Burroughs, J. Higgens, & Royer & Schmucker, owners. Bur- 
( roughs & Higgens, lessees. Jos. Higgens, manager. DuncansTille. 

S. Hatfield, Jr., owner and mana.ger. Alexandria. 

E. F. Shoenbergers heirs. Abandoned. 



9 miles southeast of Chambersburg. Holker Hughes, owner and manager. Mont Alto P. 0. 



Ltcominq Co. 
Lycoming Co. 


1812 
1812 


Tioga Co. 


1850 


Centre Co. 
Centre Co. 
Centre Co. 
Centre Co. 
Centre Co. 


1840 
1846 
1831, 1849 
1831 
1825 


Blair Co. 


1839 


Huntingdon Co. 
Huntingdon Co. 


1838 
1847 


Franklin Co. 


1832 



5. DELAWARE. 



111. Wilmington. 

112. Diamond State. 

113. Delaware I. W. 

114. Marshall's. 



X mile east of station, Wilmington. 
^4 mile east of station, Wilmington. 
5 miles northwest of Wilmington. 
i}^ miles northwest of Wilmington. 



Gibbons & Hilles, owners and managers. Wilmington. Newcastle Co. 1845, 1850 

McDaniel, Craige & Co., owners and managers. Wilmington. Newcastle Co. 1854 

Alan Wood (No 38 N. Front Street, Philadelphia.) Newcastle Co. old 

C. & J. Marshall, owners and managers. Newport P. 0. Newcastle Co. 1836 



6. MARYLAND. 



115. 
116. 



Elk. 

West Amwell. 



117. Northeast. 

118. Shannon. 

119. Octararo. 

120. Joppa Nail W. 

121. Baltimore. 

122. Canton, No. 1. 

123. Canton, No. 2. 
12 1. Baltimore. 
125. Avalon. 

125. Antietam. 
127. Mt. Savage. 



5 miles north of Elkton. 
2 miles north of Elkton. 

At Northeast station W. & B. E. R. 
}^ mile west of Northeast. 

5 miles north of Point Deposit. 

6 miles N. W. of Magnolia station. 

South side of the harbor. 

In Canton suburb, Baltimore. 

In Canton suburb, Baltimore. 

Near Philadelphia E. R. station, Bait. 

Bait. & Ohio E. E., )^ m. ab. Relay H. 

7 miles above Harper's Ferry. 

8 miles west of Cumberland. 



Parke, Smith & Co , owners and managers. Elkton P. O. 

E. A. Harvey (Wilmington). Geo. Harlan, manager. Elkton P. 0. 



Cecil Co. 
Cecil Co. 



McCullough & Co. (Wilmington). Wm. Scott, manager. Northeast P. 0. Cecil Co. 
McCullough&Co. (14N. 10thSt.,Phila.). Wm. Scott, M. Northeast P. 0. Cecil Co. 

McCullough & Co. Jethro J. McCullough, man. Eowlandville P. 0. Cecil Co. 

Ed. Patterson & Sons (Bait.). S. S. Patterson, M. Little Gunpowder P. 0. Baltimore Co. 

J Hopkinson Smith, owner, Baltimore, Md. Baltimore Co. 

H. Abbott & Son, owners and managers. Baltimore, Md. B.iltimore Co. 

H. Abbott & Sou, owners and managers. Baltimore, Md. Baltimore Co. 

Fagely, Heird & Co. Baltimore, Md. Baltimore Co. 

Joseph C. Manning & Co., Baltimore, owners. Elijah Spurrier, man. Baltimore Co. 

J.Horine& others, llorine, Yeakle&Co., L. J. Hewett, M., Sharpsburg. Washington Co. 
Mt. Savage Iron Co. Sam'l Danks, superintendent. Cumberland. Alleghj^y Co. 



1810* 
1854 

1847 
1857 

1830* 

1820, 1S51 

IS 

1851, '54 

1857 

1856 

1800,* '54 

1831, '45 
1839 



7. VIRGINIA. 



128. Tredegar. In Richmond near the river. 

129. Armory R. M. Between Tredegar and the Armory. 

130. Richmond S. & I. Wks. Under the railroad bridge. 

131. Old Dominion. In Eichmond. 

132. Graham's. ■ 12 miles east of Wytheville. 



Morriss, Tanner & Co., owners. John llartman, man. Richmond, Va. 
E. Archer & Co., owners. Edward Wade, manager. Richmond, Va 
Jas. Hunter & Co., ow'rs. Jas. Hunter, les. and man. Eichmond, Va. 
H. W. Fry, manufac'r. W. S Triplett, ag't. D. Baird, man. Eich'd. Va. 
David Graham, owner. Mitchel B. Tate, man. Graham's Forge P. 0. 



Henkico Co. 


18 


Henrico Co. 


IS 


Henrico Co. 


18 


Henrico Co, 


18 


Wythe Co. 


1826, '56 



8. NOETH CAROLINA. 



1.33. Briggs's. 
134. Highshoal. 



1}^ miles north of King's Mtn. 
6 miles south of Lincolnton. 



9. SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Benj. F. Briggs, owner and manager. Yorkville, S. C. 
Ilighshoals Mining & Man. Co. T. Darling, agt. Nail Fac. P. 0. 



Gaston Co. 
Gaston Co. 



1853 
IS 



135. Hurricane. 7 miles E. N. E. of Spartanbui-g. S. Carolina Man. Co. Simpson Bobo, agent. Spartanburg, S. C. 

136.. Cherokee Ford W. 26 miles N. E. of Spartanburg. Swedish Iron Blau. Co. A. M. Latham, manager. Cooperville P. 0. 

137. Cherokee I. W. 2)/^ miles below Swedish Iron Works. King's Mt. Iron Co. M. M. Montgomery, M. Cherokee Iron Wks. P. 0. 



Spartanburg Dist. 
Union Dist. 
Y'oRK Dist. 



1834 
1840 
1825* 



10. GEORGIA. 



138. Etowah. 

139. Gate City. 



4 miles N. E. of Allatoona. 

14 mile from Atlanta R. R. Station. 



Etowah Man. Co. M. A. Cooper, pres. ; E. A. Hicks, tr. ; J. W. Churchill, sup't. Cass Co. 
L. A. Douglas, owner and manager. Atlanta P. 0. Fulton Co. 



1849,* '59 
1857 



11. EASTERN TENNESSEE. 



140. Pleasant Valley. 

141. Loudon. 

142. Eeeves's. 

143. Gillespie's. 



S miles south of .louesboro'. 

100 yards from Loudon E. E. Station. 

1 mile from Elizabethton. 

3% miles below Elizabethton. 



12. WESTERN TENNESSEE. 



John Blair & Co., owners and managers. Cox's Store P. 0. 
Sam'l M. Johnson & Co. Jones, Phillips & Co., lessees. Loudon P. O. 
J. 1. Tipton, 0. (M Reeves & Sons, former lessees.) Elizabethton P. 0. 
Begun but never finished. 



Washington Co. 


1833* 


Roane Co. 


1854, '57 


Carter Co. 


1829 


Carter Co. 


1849 



144. Cumberland I. W. 10 miles S. E. of Dover C. H. 



Woods, Lewis & Co. Geo. T. Lewis, M. Cumberland Iron Wks. P, 0. Stewart Co. 



1829 



N. B. — Terms. OF Membership : For one cliarcoal furnace $10 per annum, more than one $20; for one mineral 
coal furnace $20, more than one $40; for one rollings mill $20, more than one $40; all other description of works, each 
$5. No one person, firm, or company, more than $40. Persons not iron'makers, but interested with the Association, if 
elected, $20. Year begins March 1. 



107 



CONTINUED. 



OFFICE 141 S. EIGHTH ST., PHILADELPHIA. 



Dec. 1, 1857. 



NUMBER OF 



CONSTJMPTIOS 18.36. 



PKODHCTION. 



.SMajto.s "„• sg a 



Kind 

of 

power. 



1849. 



1854. 



W'ks. 



1855. 



W'ks. 



1856. 



• Kind of 
manufacture. 



W'ks. 



4. MIDDLE PENNSYLVANIA. 



99. Heshbon. 
100. Crescent. 


2 
2 


1 
1 


1 
1 


7 .'.' 


Water 
Water 


101. Blossburg. 


1 


1 


1 


.. .. 


Steam 


102. Howard. 

103. Heel a. 

104. Milesburg. 

105. Eagle. 

106. Bellefonte. 


3? 
2? 

i 


1 
1 

2 
1 

n 


1 

3 
2 

2 
2 


5 !.' 

2 .. 
2 .. 


Water 
Steam 
Water 
Water 
Water 


107. Portage. 


6 


*2 


3 


"8 .. 


Steam 


lOS. Juniata, 1. 
109. Juniata, 2. 


2 


n 


2 




Water 
Water 


110. Mont Alto. 




^1 


n 


. . 


Water 



'.'. 320 


320* 


100 ". '. 


.. 279X 




74K .. 


.. 1,115 


296 


15 .. 


.' .' 4g6 


722 


io '. '. 


.. 1,562 


190 


95 .. 


.. 950 








550* 


175* . . 



350 
300 



400 



800 

546 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 
100 

340 



300* .. 
400* 48 



785 40? 



1,000? 
650* 
1,179 

280 



300* .. 
400* 48 

17^.. 

841 42 

1,000* 50 
650 . . 
980 .. 



900* 



300* .. 
400* 48 



Bars and rods. 
Bars and nails. 



322>/49 Bars. 



891 43 
283 21 

1,000* 50 
830 . . 

1,100 50 



Bars. 

Plate. 

Bars ; slit rods. 

Bars ; slit rods. 

Bars ; slit rods. 



1,133 44 1,691 46 Nails and bar. 



700* 



Bar and sheet. 



Abandoned and the machinery removed. 
500* 26 500* 26 500* 26 Bars, rod, &c. 



99 
100 

101 

102 
103 
104 
105 
106 

107 

108 
109 



5. DELAWARE. 



6,921 5,836 



5,894 



8,217 



111. Wilmington =1 1 

112. Diamond State. '0 112 

113. Delaware LW. .. 12 1 

114. Marshall's. . . 2 2 1 



Steam 
Steam 
Water 
Water 



.. . 650* 50? 
. . 350? 600? 



75* 



600* 49 


650* 49 


80* 9* 


700* 45* 


351 . . 


276 48 


335* 46* 


325* 42 



6.53 49 Plates. Ill 

838 50 Eods and bars. 112 

327 48 Russia sheet, &c. 113 

3931^46 Sheet iron. 114 



6. MARYLAND. 



1,366 



1,951 



115. Elk. 

116. West Amwell. 




1 

1 


2 


1 
1 






Water 
Water 


117. Northeast. 

118. Shannon. 




1 


1 
1 


1 
1 






Water 
Water 


119. Octarara. 




1 


1 


1 






Water 


120. Joppa. 




6 


1 


2 


37 




Water 


121. Baltimore. 

122. Canton, 1. 

123. Canton, 2. 

124. Baltimore. 

125. Avalon. 


3 
2 
3 


'i 


4 
4 
2 
3 
3 



3 
2 
2 
3 


7 
44 




Steam 
Steam 
Steam 
Steam 
Steam 


126. Antietam. 

127. Mt. Savage. 


•• 


"ir, 


2 

.03, 


2 
2 


25 




Water 
Steam 



1,725 



2,500* 800* .. 

266* 
4,961 .. 4,64.3 



1,850* 
2,000* 



800 



2,000? 



700? 42* 
100* 20* 


450* 3i* 
330 49 


60 11 
337 52 


Sheet iron. 
Sheet iron. 


115 
116 


330 49 


332 49 


339 48 


Sheet iron. 
Sheet iron. 


117 
118 


225K31 


215)^.30 


262»:f36 


Sheet iron. 


119 


170 36 


152^23 


155 23 


Nails. 


120 


1 ,ino 49 

1,500? 49 
2,350* -is 


1,000 48 
2,000? 49 

2,660* -is 


1,000 50 
2,000? 49 

1,500* 47 
2,000* 48 


Ch'rs; spk's, 

Plate. 

Plate. 

Bars. 

Nails. 


n'ls. 121 
122 
123 
124 
125 


6,997 50* 


8,'3"50 50* 


In disuse. Nails. 
7,159 50* Rails. 


126 
127 



7. VIRGINIA. 



128. Tredegar. 

129. Armory. 
1.30. Richmond. 

131. Old Dominion, 

132. Graham's. 



48 1 



Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Wajer 



6,000 
3,000 

3,006? 



3,200* 44 
2,000* 42 

360* 42 
1,020* 42 

118* 21* 



3,200*44 3, .500* 44 B'rs; spikes; ch'rs. 128 

2,500* 44 2,000* 42 Bars ; chairs. 129 

350* 42 400* 42 Bars. 130 

1,040* 42 1,074* 42 Nails. 131 

128* 21* 161* 21* Bar; nail; plate. 132 



8. NORTH CAROLINA. 



13.3. Britrgs's. 
134. Highshoal. 



In ruins and abandoned. 



Water 
Water 



215* 14 215* 14 215* 14 Bars. 

In ruins and abandoned. . . Bars. 



133 
134 



9. SOUTH CAROLINA. 



135. Hurricane. 

136. Cherokee Ford. 

137. Cherokee Iron. 



1 2 
1 2 

It 1 



Water 
Water 
Water 



140. Pleasant Val. . . Sf 2 

141. Loudon. .. 2t 1 

142. Reeves's. Abandoned 

143. Gillespie's. Abandoned 



Water 
Steam 
Water 
Water 



and in ruins, 
before completion. 



390* 52 390* 52 390* 52 Bars. 

400* 50 400* 50 400 50 Bars. 

428 37 420* 33 420 33 Bars. 



125? ? 


125? ? 


100? 17? 





& 












135 
136 

137 



10. GEORGIA. 


138. Etowah. . . '6 ^3 3 

139. Gate City. ..682 


3 


1 


Water 

Steam 


.. .. .. 900? 35? 800? 35? 900? 35? Bars. 

. . . . . . To be completed this autumn. R. R. rails. 


138 
139 


11. EASTERN TENNESSEE. 



150? ? Bars and nails. 140 

Bars and rods. 141 

.. 142 

..0 143 



12. WESTERN TENNESSEE. 



144. Cumberland. 



2 6 3 .. 



Steam 



1611^ 2,431 45% 



2,615 40 2^621^42 2,530 42 



144 



N. B. — A * means estimated on the best authority to be got, that of the owner or manager, or the secretary or his agent, 
fact, or that no reliable information could be obtained. A . . means usually that there was no product. 
The publication of the tables has been retarded by the difficulties of the times. 



A ? means doubtful in quantity or 



J. P. L. 



108 



lSi7, the same year it was built; and rebuilt. Has one squeezer. Uses best char- 
coal pig and blooms (more of the latter, and no scrap), to make sheet iron for Bal- 
timore, Philadelphia, and elsewhere. Made in 

ISIS 178,,lS,,l„0-t 

18-19 227,,16,,0,,0-t 

1850 322„11,,.3„17 

1851 363,,06„2„07 

1852 . 431„03„0„21 

1853 372,,19,,3„12 

1854 330,,05,,2,,06 

1S55 .332„03„1„01 

1856 339, nearly. 

Consume 1,000 or 1,200 tons of Cumberland and anthracite coal. 

118. SHANNON Rolling Mill — }i a mile west of Railroad Station, and in sight 
of the railroad on Northeast Creek, is nearly ready to go into operation (July 8, 
1857). Has a. grate fire, and will turn blooms into sheet iron. 

119. OCTARARO Rolling Mill.— At Rowlandsville (formerly Romansville), at 
the mouth of Octararo Creek, is owned by the same parties with the last two, and 
is an old works, at least 25 years old. Has one squeezer, and uses pig and bloom, 
Cumberland and anthracite like the others. It was owned by Joseph Roman, of 
"Wilmington, Delaware (Market St. bet. 11th and 12th), before 1856, and "by 
reason of the depressed state of the iron trade in the fall of 1854 and spring of 
1855, the mill was only run on half time from the first of the 7th mo. 1854, to first 
of 10th mo. 18.35, and the milldam was carried away by the ice 1st mo. 1850, by 
which 3 months were lost." (Jos. Roman, cor. Sept. 24, '57.) 

120. JOPPA Nail.Mills.— Erected 1820, were rebuilt 1851, on Great Gunpowder 
Falls at head of tide 15 miles from Baltimore. " This estrxbUshment is about stop- 
■pincj, and is for sale." (E. P. & Sons, June 30, 1857.-) Made, in 1854-5-6, 31,000 ; 
30,500 ; 34,000 kegs of nails. Used 900 tons hard, 1,725 tons soft coal. 

121. J. Hopkinson Smith's Spike Mill, on the south side of Baltimore Harbor, a 
quarter of a mile south of the Maryland Furnace ; makes railroad chairs out of 
plate iron, and spikes out of bar. 

122. CANTON Rolling Mill, No. 1.— About X i"ile above Cedar Point Furnace, 
and 2 miles from the centre of the city ; was enlarged in 18.34. Added one of the 
three puddling furnaces Jan. 7, 1S57. Has one train of muck aud two of plate 
rolls; one tilt hammer. Consume Cumberland and Virginia coal, 30 tons a day, 
mixed ; allowing about a ton of coal to a ton of pig iron in puddling, and a ton "of 
coal to a ton of blooms in rolling. Make all the iron into plate for Baltimore, New 
York, and Boston. Pig iron loses in puddling 6 per cent., aud then 6 per cent, 
more. Made .50 tons a week, average, previous to Jan. 1857 ; now make 75 ; ex- 
pect to double the production with the new mill. Lost about 3 weeks each year. 
(Mr. Oilman.) 

123. CANTON, No. 2.— Went into operation May, 1857. Has two plate rolls and 
a Nasmyth hammer. 

124. BALTIMORE Steam Forge and Bar Iron Rolling Mill (see Table F, No. 124, 
p. 91). — Began Feb. 1856 with one double puddling furnace ; added a second two 
months after, and a third in nine months, and made about 1,500 tons of refined 
rolled iron, and about 280 tons of hammered iron. Two of its heating furnaces 
are for the rolls, and one for the one ton Kirk hammer, which can make in 21 
hours 20 large and 30 small car axles. The Nasmyth three ton hammer shingles 
the puddle balls. Roll engine 60 horse power ; small engine for pumps and lathes. 
Consumes from SO to 85 tons of No. 1 charcoal pig iron, and 100 tons Cumberland 
coal per week ; 80 tons of pig producing about 65 tons of wrought iron, and con- 
suming 100 tons of coal. Make 45 to 50 tons refined bar, 15 to 20 tons hammered 
iron per week ; say 2,000 and 800 tons per year. Made 86 tons ]''ebruary, 120 tons 
March, 1856, &c.; increasing. (Water supplied by two Artesian wells in the yard. 
Work day and night. One hundred hands employed. Machine, bridge, and rail- 
road iron of all kinds made, and the new improved collar axle, collar wrought 
and not welded on. Have made 560 axles lately for Illinois Central. — Baltimore 
Patriot. ) 

125. AVALON Iron Works, one of the oldest in the State, was built by the Dor- 
seys, some say 60 years ago. The rolling mill was pulled down and rebuilt in 
1854. The old nail factory was burnt down about 1815 and rebuilt in 1S50. The 
puddling mill was built in 1853. From 1851 the works were owned by James H. 
Hann, of Baltimore. There are one train of rolls and a Burden squeezer in the 
puddle mill, two trains in the rolling mill, and a small gi-ate fire in the nail mill. 
Previous to 1850 rails were rolled. In 1854 made 60 or 70 tons a week of kidney 
irou and chairs for railroad use during 4 months of the year, and 30,000 kegs of 
nails besides ; in 1S55 made only nails, say 40,000 kegs ; at least as much in 1856. 
Lose say 4 weeks in each year. Consume say 200 tons of scrap per year. Use 17 
or 18 tons of Cumberland per 24 hours in rolling and puddling, 2 or 3 tons in 
smiths' fires ; use a little over one ton of anthracite per 24 hours for heating nail 
plates. Expect to get 2,000 lbs. of wrought iron from 2,240 lbs. pig metal. Market 
south via Baltimore. 

126. ANTIETAM Rolling Mill, built about 26 years ago, was separated from the 
forge 12 years ago and the forge rebuilt (see Notes to Table F, after note 146, p. 97). 
It has not been used for 4 years. Consumed the forge blooms for nails, heating 
with Cumberland coal, a ton to a ton of bloom. Note. — The old charcoal fur- 
nace ruins, just above the present casting shed, were pulled down April 1857. The 
ore used by Antietam Furnace is a brown hematite from a bank 7 miles east within 
60 yards of the canal, and a bank 4 miles southeast in Virginia, within 100 yards 
of the river ; a boat can run up to the bank and load .30 tons. 

127. MT. SAVAGE Rolling Mill.— Situated in the Frostburg coal basin, west of 
Cumberland and close to the Mt. Savage Blast Furnaces. Used 4,961 tons pig and 
4,643 tons old rails in making 7,1.39 tons of rails in 1856. Its previous production 
of rails was, in 18.50, 2,230 tons; in 1851, 2,100 tons ; in 1852, 2,700 tons; in 1853, 
3,200 tons. Its puddling furnaces are given as if they were all single. 

In 1734, a patent for an iron manufactory was granted to Jno. Ruston ; estab- 
lished at North East. 

In 1768, a patent was granted for an iron works on Green Spring Run, Washing- 
ton Co., Md. 

In 1768, a patent for another on Licking Creek, same county. 

In 1770, for another on Main Wiconico River, Somerset Co., Md. 

In 1765, for one near the mouth of Great Falls of Gunpowder, Harford Co., Md. 

In 1762, for one on a draught of Deer Creek near the mine Oldfields, Harford 
Co., Md. 

In 1762, for one on Unicorn Creek, Queen Anne Co. 

In 1760, for one on the main falls of Patapsco, at the fording place between Bal- 
timore and Anne Arundel Counties, or near 'navigable water above said ford. 



In 1762, for one on the south side of the main falls of Gunpowder, and on Pat- 
terson's Great Run. 

In 1759, for one on Long Bridge Branch, head of Curtis's Creek, Anne Arnndel 
County. 

In 175S, for one on Stony Run, Anne Arundel Co. 

Another on Elk Ridge and on a run of Patapsco. 

Some of these works have never been built. 

(See J. H. Alexander's Report on the Iron Worlts of Maryland. Published by 
Fielding Lucas, of Baltimore, in 1840.} 

7. VIRGINIA ROLLING MILLS. 
cN. B. — The rolling mill of the Armory at Harper's Ferry, is given under the 
Table (F) of Forges, as it is in reality a forge.) 

128. TREDEGAR Rolling Mill.— At Richmond. Manufactures bar iron, spike 
rods, guide iron, &c. Has 2 rail spike and 1 rail chair machines, with 3 heating 
furnaces for their use, besides the 4 for bar iron; has one squeezer. Uses soft 
coal ; uses both ore and soapstone to line its furnaces. Its consumption is in dis- 
proportion to its production, from the sale or other use made of the pig metal. 

129. ARMORY Rolling Mill.— At Richmond. Makes railway chairs; has one 
squeezer ; lines with magnetic ore ; uses soft coal ; has one chair heating furnace. 

130. RICHMOND Steel and Iron Works.— At Richmond, on the river bank. 
Works up scrap and old rails into bar; 12 hours per day, Sundays excepted. Have 
made no spikes for three years. 

131. OLD DOMINION Nail Works.— At Richmond. Uses soapstone to line with ; 
soft coal ; loses 25 per cent, in the make ; reports the fiscal year from June to June. 

132. GRAHAM'S Rolling Mill.— On Reed Creek, 6 miles southeast of Mac'.s.Mea- 
dows (on the Va. and Teun. R. R.), 20 miles northwestof Hillsville (Carroll C. H.), 
under the same roof as Graham's Forge (a post-office). "Has not run more than 
five months in the years of '54, '55, aud '56," and never stops for want of water 
even if the forge does. (M. B. Tate.) Has 5 pairs of rolls, u.siug 3 at once, 2 large 
lathes and a shears ; burns cord wood ; uses only the forge blooms, losing 12 lb. 
in 112, or losing less than one-third from pig to bar, say 800 in 2,800 lbs. Makes of 
late years 25 to 30 tons nails. Market, a hundred miles around. 

]i^ For Sale (Sept. 1857) with Forge, 1,:300 acre tract, Grist-Mill, Barren Spring 
Furnace (No. ), 1,300 acre tract. Price $90,000 ; $25,000 down, and the balance 
on long credit. 'The water-fall at present is 14 feet, but a cut across a bend 100 
yards long would make it 32 feet. On the same property is a fall of 17 feet in 600 
yards. 

8. NORTH CAROLINA ROLLING MILLS. 

133. BRIGG'S Iron Works. — On Crowder's Creek, 10 miles south from Dallas. 
Works up the forge blooms into round and square bar iron for home market. It 
has one hammer. 

134. HIGHSHOALS Works.— On South Catawba River, 6 m. south from Lincoln- 
ton, 7 north from Dallas, 7 east from Columbia. Furnace. Has been in ruins since 
Jan. 1, 1854. The works belong to the Highshoals Mining and Manufacturing Co. 
Office No. 4 Bowling Green, New York City. 

9. SOUTH CAROLINA ROLLING MILLS. 

135. HURRICANE Rolling Mill and Nail Works.— On Pacolet River, 43 miles 
west from Yorkville. Works up pig metal into nails and bar iron for home mar- 
ket. Use dry pine wood in the puddling and heating furnaces. Line with ore. 
Use one hammer. Same set of hands puddle and roll. 

136. CHEROKEE Ford Works —On Broad River, 24 miles N. N. W. from York- 
ville. Make finished bars and nails for home market from forge blooms. Have 
one single heating furnace out of repair and one double one in use ; one shingling 
hammer. Line with cinder ; use splint wood for heating and puddling furnaces. 
Wooden tramway dilapidated ; fuel nearly spent ; thirty negroes lately sold. 
(Aug. 1857.) 

137. CHEROKEE Iron Works.— On the west bank of the Broad River, and south 
bank of London Bridge Creek, one and a half miles below the forges ; have refining 
fires instead of puddling furnaces. 

10. GEORGIA ROLLING MILLS. 

138. ETOWAH Rolling Mill.— On Etowah River, 1% miles north of the Allatoona 
Furnace, 6 mileseast of Cartersville. Hasl run out and 4 "nobling" fires ; 1 muck, 
1 bar or large mill, and 1 small mill train. Uses bituminous coal from the com- 
pany's mines on the top of Raccoon Mountain (an outlier of the Cumberland car- 
bo'uiferous plateau), 15 miles below Chattanooga. Uses charcoal pig, and at present 
also some scrap, but not heretofore. Makes only bar iron, no nails, for Geoi'gia, 
Alabama, aud Tennessee market. Present capacity 12 to 15 tons a day, but it has 
never been reached for want of sufiicient railroad accommodation for the fuel. 
(M. A. C.) 

"This property has been building up and developing for twelve years. On it 
there has been expended 250,000 dollars." It contains a rolling mill, nail and 
spike factory and all necessary apparatus ; a blast furnace and foundry with full 
equipment; a wheat mill (150-200 bushels per day), warehouse, cooper-house, 
hotel, and operative houses, two corn grist mills, two saw mills, and a coal mine; 
all using not one-teuth of the water power on the premises. River 600 feet wide. 
Iron ore and wood are abundant. It is on the metamorphic rocks of the gold and 
copper belt, both minerals being found on it, &c. (Report and Map, 1S56. Baker & 
Godwin printers. New York.) 

139. GATE CITY Rolling Mill.— On the Georgia railroad, in the town of Atlanta, 
to be finished by Christmas of 1857. Has a rotary squeezer. Has four engines 
driven by the extra furnace heat; two of 36 in. cylinder, 40 in. stroke, making 
65 revolutions per minute. Expect to use 16,000 tons of bituminous coal from 
the owner's mine on the mountain, about 14 miles up the Tennessee above Chat- 
tanooga — ton for ton of metal. Will consume old rails and pig iron, and make 
only rails for southern railroads. Capacity 18,000 tons a year. (26th Oct., 1857, 
B. S. Lyman.) 

11. EASTERN TENNESSEE ROLLING MILLS. 
140.PLEASANT VALLEY Rolling Mill.— At Emeryville, on Nolichucky River, 
1.50 yards below the furnace, S miles southeast of Washington College. Has 4 pairs 
of rolls ; uses charcoal ; makes }i nails (3 to 40 cwt.) % bar iron, for home market. 
The old forge, a few yards distant from the last, was a bloomery forge for 40 years 
previous to 1833 ; has now 2 pairs of rolls and 5 refinery fires, and makes blooms 
for the rolling mill. Its product is 140? 140? and 168 tons for 1854. '55, and '56. 
(See Table of Forges.) (B. S. L.) "The works are driven by a splendid water 
power." (Safford's Geological Report.) 



2^° FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE MEMBERS. 

109 



1 41. LOUDON Rolling Mill.— On the Tennessee River at Loudon, 30 miles south- 
west of KnoxviUe by railroad ; has 3 pairs of rolls {one muck and one finishing), 
2 boiling fires, an alligator, lathe and shears ; uses bituminous coal from the iEtna 
Mining Co.'s mines on the Nashville R. R., 14 miles below Chatanooga, 700 bushels 
a week, say 70 bushels to a ton of iron. Uses charcoal pig, into bars and small 
iron, as low as ^ in. round, for the neighborhood. 

142. REEVES' Rolling Mill. — On the Watauga River, at'the crossing of the road 
to Jonesboro' ; was built 1829-30, or earlier, and abandoned in the spring of 1S52; 
had a nail factory, forge and cupola furnace, all now in ruins. Mark Reeves & 
Sons, lessees for 15 years. After Mark Reeves' death, was leased to Robt. Reeves, 
of California, and Clayton Reeves, deceased. Whitall Reeves, of Rheatown, 
Greene Co., Tenn., part manager. 



143. GILLESPIE'S Rolling Mill. — On Watauga River, 3 miles from the railroad; 
was begun 1849, and never finished, or at least never run. It had 6 nail cutters. 

XII. WEST TENN. E. MILLS. 

144. CUMBERLAND Iron Works.— On the Cumberland River, 100 miles below 
Nashville; has been enlarged more or less every year. (Corresp.) Product from 
Oct. 18.53 to Oct. 18.54, 2,223^ tons, 1,000 to Memphis, Vicksburg and New Orleans, 
800 to Nashville, 423 sold at the works for Western Ky. and W. Tenn. Two fur- 
naces, Bellwood and Bear Spring (Dover No. 2), and a refinery of 8 fires, all steam 
power, are connected with the rolling mill. Their products are for the above fiscal 
year, 3,241 X tons pig-iron, 2,068 >^ tons blooms, 2,223^ tons manufactured iron. 
(See further under note to No. 600'' Bellwood Furnace, hereafter. J. P. L. 



NOTES TO TABLE H.— CHARCOAL FURNACES. 



I. VIRGINIA, S. E. 

1.50. GEORGETOWN Furnace.— On the east bank of the Potomac, has 2 stacks, 
one without lining, syphon pipes of the other standing in a ruined case. The 
tunnel head is in ruins. Has been out of blast about 2 years. *' Many persons 
have tried to work this furnace, and failed because of tlie price of ore." (J. L., 
jr., June, 18.57.) 

151. BLUE RIDGE Furnace. — Situated on the north side of the Potomac River, 
4 miles below Harper's Ferry — should have gone into Table E. It was put into 
operation in 1850, Ijy John Barker & Co. : and, after making 1,600 ton,s, in several 
blasts, closed in the winter of 1850-1. In the fall of 1S51, Watson & Ed. S. Ren- 
wick, of New York, rented and altered it and its machinery, and blew in in the 
winter of 1852-3 ; and, after several short blasts, abandoned it in the spring of 
1855, having made 4 or 500 tons. (Wm. M. Thompson, corresp.) It is nominally 
held in trust for John Barker cSi Co., of Baltimore, by W. Glenn. It made no iron 
for 2 years befoi-e the spring, and none since the fall of 1855. Its capacity is 100 
tons per week ; it made sometimes 20 to 25 ^ ^ tons per day. Its shape is 
peculiar: Tunnel head S 8 g 10 J2 5^^ JJ 5'^ 2 7 « 4 m across hearth floor. 
It has 2 blast tubs, 4>^ X 5 st. Engine 60 "horse. Had 3 tuyeres, now 6 ; formerly 
4 in. noz., now 3 ; old ones 5}^. Made gray iron. Wm. M. Thompson (163 Ross, 
Baltimore) was superintendent. Ore from Point of Rocks Furnace ; also from a 
I'ank up the Shenandoah. 

152. POTOMAC Furnace.- On the Virginia bank of the River ; was built for 
charcoal; has used coke since 1848, hut no anthracite — its power not sufficing; 
have just removed a 32 horse to put up a 65 horse engine. Bank slack. Has 2 
tubs 3X3, 40 — 45 rev. steam crank. Has not made iron since spring 18.54 ; made 
then 35 to 52 tons per week with charcoal, mostly mottled, and much No. 1 gray 
foundry ; expect to average 60 tons a week with the new engine. A branch from 
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad passes the furnace three-quarters of a mile S. E 
to the ore banks, where 160 acres are underlaid with a 50 per cent, brown hema- 
tite, at least 30 feet deep, and covered with only 3 feet of earth. The manager 
says it compares favorably with the Chestnut Hill bank in Lancaster Co., Pa., and 
that it would supply a hundred furnaces. Another authority says the ore is 
injured by phosphorus. Charcoal is scarce; anthracite costs $6; limestone 90 
cents at the furnace. Six mules can draw 200 tons of metal per day to the B. and 
O. R. R. station at Point of Rocks. 

23^ Advertisement of sale, dated April 29, in the National Intelligencer, of May 
2, for the sale at public auction on July 1, 1857, of this furnace, with 636 acres, by 
J. M. Orr, trustee. 

1.53. CATHARINE Furnace— Where the Fredericksburg and Valley Plank Road 
crosses Nye River, nearly 10 miles due west of Fredericksburg, was abandoned in 
1846, but the buildings stand. Ores from three banks of hematite within % mile, 
and many smaller ones. United States round and hollow shot were made here. 

|l3=For sale, the Furnace, and 6,000 acres of land, through which the Gordon.s- 
ville Railroad will run. 

154. A NEW FURNACE, "in Spotsylvania Co., about 15 miles from Mansfield 
P. O., is partly up, and timber for building in place. It has around it 465 acres of 
land and a good, rich vein of ore ; and as regards wood for coal has the advan- 
tage of any in the State." 

23= For sale by Robert Hard. (Correspondence, April 13, 1S57.) 

155. ROUGH AND READY Furnace.— 6 miles east of Louisa C. H. ; abandoned 
1853 ; works still standing, and machinery used last year for a saw-mill. Has 2 
wooden blast tubs, single action 4 X ^'A stroke ; one 22 horse engine ; fuel char- 
coal. Ore, hematite, from 2 miles N. east ; magnetic from 2 miles west and \% 
miles east. Used some Gordonsville ore. Iron, gray and sometimes white. Market 
Richmond. . 

156. HUNTER'S Furnace. — "Is at present in a dilapidated condition, and has 
been rented for 10 or 12 years past ; has a good engine, and 2 blast tubs 6 feet in 
diameter. Has a superior hematite ore bed, 15 feet thick, well located ; has made 
as much as 1,600 tons in 10 mouths. Good wagon road, 4 miles to Tolersville, on 
the Central Railroad, 55 miles from Richmond." 

33= For sale.— " I offer the property, with 700 acres of land, for $15,000." (Cor- 
respondence of Robert Hard, April 13, 1857.) 

157. BEAR GARDEN Furnace. — One mile southeast of James River ; was 
abandoned 1840, and is in ruins, and the machinery said to be removed to a 
foundry in town. The town itself is almost abandoned and in ruins. (B. S. L.) 

158. ELK CREEK Furnace.— On Elk Creek, 800 yds. north of James River and 
Canal; was abandoned 1850; machinery removed, and stack much out of repair; 
stack round. " Better iron was made with a 2|^ than with a 2 foot tunnel head, 
but the increased heat burnt out tlie staves." Ore from a vein li^ miles north, 4 
to 20 feet thick and 100 feet deep, of hematite, impregnated with sulphuret of zinc, 
requiring exposure to the air, but yielding in the furnace about .33X per cent. ; 
also magnetic, 75-80 per cent., from a vein 400 yards west, 1 to 4 feet thick. 

O^Fer sale, at public auction, Aug. 15, 1857, with 460 acres of land around the 
furnace, holding maguefic ore, and 5 acres >| mile distant holding hematite ore, 
and 1,500 acres of ridge land, 5 miles west, mostly wooded. (B. S. L.) 

159. STONEWALL Furnace.— On Stonewall Creek, 2 miles from James River ; 
was abandoned about 12 years ago, and is now quite in ruins. (B. S. L.) 

IGO. LAGRANDE Furnace, once WILLIAM ROSS Furnace.— On Stonewall Creek, 
one mile above Stonewall Furnace ; was abandoned about 15 years ago, and is 
now all gone. (B. S. L.) 



161. OXFORD Furnace, once OLD DAVIE ROSS Furnace.— On Beaver Creek ; 
was abandoned perhaps 20 years or more ago, and is now all gone. (B. S. L.) 

162. SAUNDERS'S Furnace. — Was abandoned 6 or 7 years ago, and is in ruins. 
The ore is the same as at Carrou Furnace, 1 mile to the northwest of it. (B. S. L.) 

163. C ARRON Furnace.— On Stony Creek, 3 miles S. W. of A'alley Forge, 22 miles 
E. of Floyd C. H., 32 N. E. of Patrick C. H. Ore, hematite, like that of Union 
Furnace (see 164), but more sulphurous, 3 miles south. Will supply Valley Forge 
with pig iron, and send mostly to Lynchburg, Danville, and Pittsylvania. A Fur- 
nace which was abandoned between 1S07 and 1827, stood where Carron Furnace 
now stands. 

164. UNION Furnace.— On Hales' Creek, 25 miles S. S. W. of Franklin C. H., 20 
miles E. of Floyd C. H.,5* miles from Franklin Co. line, 55 from Danville, 50* from 
Big Lick, the nearest station on Va. and Tenn. R. R. ; has 2 wooden tubs, 
0*2 X 1% stroke 10 revel. Ore, blue lump, l^ mile north ; hard red lump, and fine 
bluish and purple and black and red ores from same spot, 50-75 per cent. Supply 
the forge with pig-iron, and sell to the neighborhood, Danville and Leakesville, 
N. C. (B. S. L.) 

165. WEST FORK Furnace.— On the west fork of Little River, 25 miles above 
Snowville, 20 miles west of Patrick C. H. ; has one square wooden tub 4., 4X3 
stroke 2? revolutions. Ore used in 1853 ftad heen exposed to the weather 25 to 30 
years and needed little roasting, and the average yield while 7 weeks in blast was 
(25 tons a iveek) greater than afterwards, and made a superior iron. When a 
red or while hot pig is plunged into cold water, the surface comes out copper- 
colored. Mixed with Union Furnace ore, it makes an uncommonly strong iron, 
and some of its castings, pots, &c. have been in use 60 years. No iron has been 
made since Christmas, 1855. Market at Lynchburg and Richmond. (B. S. L., Sept. 
1857.) 

II. VIRGINIA, MIDDLE. 

166. POPLAR CAMP Furnace.' — On a small stream emptying into New River, 
2 miles above mouth and 8 miles W. from Barren Spring Furnace ; was abandoned 
between the years 1817 and 1827, and nothing now remains. 

167. SHELOR'S Furnace.— Close by West Fork Furnace, Wythe Co., Va ; was 
abandoned, and a few traces alone mark its site. 

16S. Another Furnace stood close by Shelor's and West York Furnaces, which 
was built before either of the last. No remains. 

169. Another old Furnace, in Grayson County, on Pox or Meadow Creek, 12 
miles N from Little River forge, and 3 miles S. E. from Independence, was aban- 
doned in 1845*, and nothing of it remains. 

170. SHANNONDALE Furnace —Has 1 blast tub 3 X about 2^4 St. It stopped 
Jan. 18.57, having run only 3 or 4 months of 1856, making 22 tons a week of foun- 
dry, and some forge iron for Wheeling. Ore from a mine 300 yds. from the river, 
XA miles below ; also A mile from the river, one mile above ; also A mile N. W. 
across the river. 

173. ZANE'S Furnace. — On Cedar Creek ; built before any in this region ; aban- 
doned about 30 years ago ; had a forge attached, abandoned at the same time, and 
both heaps of ruins. (B. S. L.) 

174. VULCAN Furnace. — Has 2 cast iron cylinders 3}^ X 5 stroke, 8 revolutions 
(witli charcoal). Has been out of blast about 6 years, and when again started will 
use coke. Ore formerly fossil (For. V.), but will Wow in on coal measure carbon- 
ate, fossil and brown hematite mixed. Capacity 40 tons per week. (B. S. L.) 

175. McCARTY Furnace. — Is still standing, but has made no iron for 30 years, 
and everything is removed. (B. S. L.) 

176. CAPON Furnace. — On the Cacapon River, at the crossing of the Winchester 
and Moorefield turnpike, 36 miles west of Winchester; has a "half patent blast," 
2 wooden single acting tubs 6X3 stroke, 9 rev., and a 10 feet receiver. Average 
make, 20 tons a week. Books burnt. Ore, hematite, l^ miles west, in a regular 
bed 6 feet wide, of unknown depth. Iron mostly red-short, some No. Ill cold- 
short, and No. 1 bar. Market chiefly the Eastern cities. (B. S. L.) 

177. BRYAN'S Furnace.— Is in ruins. (B. S. L.) 

178. TROUT RUN Furnace —In Trout Run Valley, in the Devil's Hole ; was 
called Cnickwhip, and is in ruins. (B. S. L.) 

179. FORT Furnace, once FORT'S MOUTH Furnace, afterwards ELIZABETH 
Furnace. — On Passage Creek, 2>^ miles above Fort's Mouth Forge, 25 miles below 
Luray, 15 miles below Caroline Furnace, and within 4)^ miles south of the Manas- 
sah Gap R. R. Bought by Mr. Hupp, of Mr. Carroll, of Boston, and sold to Gilease 
& Brown. Has 2 single acting wooden tubs 6x3, and one cast-iron double 3X5, 
all making S revolutions; the iron cyl. wasting so little air that its blast equals 
that of both the others. Capacity 35 tons a week : has now 2 tuyeres and a new 
engine, and seldom uses its water. Gas now tapped 10 ft. down ; tunnel head only 
18 inches. Made No. 1 foundry for Philad., &c. Now makes wliite iron, 40 tons 
a week, but has not blown regularly since Aug. 1S55, when the present owner 
took possession. In 1854 made "just" 520 tons — 25 tons a week for 6 months. 
Shipped 2S6 tons in 1855; 165,'4 tons in 1856, and perhaps supplied Harmony Forge 
with some. Ore, porous brown hematite, }^ mile west. (G. F. Hupp.) 

180. PADDY Furnace. — On the borders of Shenandoah Co. ; has not made iron 
since summer 1851. Oven on top. One cast-iron cylinder 4* X 7* stroke, 6* revo- 
lutions. Ore, cold short hematite, from 1 mile west and 1 mile southwest . also 
bog, X ™i'e due west. In this bog stumps and roots of trees, and a coffin and 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 

United States in and for the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylyani^. 



110 



TABLE H— FURNACES. 

BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION, 



CHARCOAL AND COKE. 

No. 141 SOUTH EIGHTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 



SITUATION. 



owners; p. 0. address: lessees and managers. 



WHEN 
BUILT OK 
REBUILT. 



1. VIRGINIA, SOUTHEAST OP BLUE EIDGE. 



150. Georgetown. 

151. Blue Ridge. 
352. Potomac. 

153. Catharine. 

154. New Furnace. 

155. EoTigh. & Ready. 

156. Hunter's. 

157. Bear Garden. 

158. Elk Creek. 
lo9. Stonewall. 

160. Lagrande. 

161. Oxford. 

162. Saunders's. 

163. Carron. 

164. Union. 

165. "West Fork. 

166. Poplar Camp. 

167. Shelor's. 

168. Old Furnace. 

169. Old Furnace. 



"West end of Georgetown. 
3:t mile below Knoxville station. 
% mile below Point of Rocks. 
10 miles west of Fredericksburg. 

15 miles of Mansfield. 

3^ mile N. N. W. of Tolersville. 
4 miles N. E. of Tolersville. 
yi mile S. E. of New Canton. 
25 miles north of Lynchburg. 
15* miles north of Lynchburg. 

16 miles north of Lynchburg. 
7 miles E. S. E. of Lynchburg. 
At Franklin Court House 

7 miles west of Franklin C. H. 

20 miles N. N. E. of Patrick C. H. 

8 miles S. E. of Jacksonville, 

8 miles "W. Barren Spring F., 221. 
Close by West Fork Furnace, 165. 
Close by Shelor's and West Pork. 
3 miles S. E. of Independence. 



William A. Bradley, owner. Washington, D, C. I>ist. Columbia. 

Wilkins Glenn, of Bait., owner. Sam. B. Preston, man. Knoxville. Frederick, Md. 

J. W. Geary, owner. Mich. Mullen, man. Point of Rocks P. 0., Md. Loudon, Va. 

J. S. Wellford's heirs & oths. Dr. Wellford, ex. Brandy Stat., Culpepper. Spotsylvania. 

Robert Ward, agent for the sale ; address Mansfield P. O. Spotsylvamia. 

Stephen Dunington, owner. Tolersville P. 0., Louisa Co., Va. Louisa. 

Jno. Hunter, owner. Dav. & Sam. Anderson, less. Joel Yancey, man. Louisa. 

Abandoned in 1840 and in ruins. Machinery removed. Buckingham. 

Alexander Montgomery, owner. Lynchburg, Campbell Co., Va. Nelson. 

Abandoned about 1845 and now in ruins. Appomattox. 

Abandoned about 1842 and now all gone ; called Wm. Ross Furnace. Appomattox. 

Abandoned about 1837 and now all gone ; called Davie Ross Furnace. Campbell, 

Abandoned about 1800 and now in ruins. Franklin. 

Peter & Robert J. Saunders, owners. Franklin Court House P. 0. Franklin. 

Samuel W. Hairston, owner. Union Furnace P. O. Patrick. 

Robert L. Toncray, owner. West Fork P. O. Floyd. 

(Is out of place here. ) Wasaband'd bet. 1817 & '27, and has disappeared. Wythe. 

Was abandoned long ago and its site is scarcely to be distinguished. Floyd. 

Earlier than either of them and no remains attest its existence. Floyd. 

Was abandoned about 1845 and nothing remains of it. Grayson. 



1839, 1840 

1849, 1855 

1839, 1846 

1837* 

1857 

1848. 

1834 

18 

18 

18 

18 

13 

18 

1857 

1836* 

1853 

18 

old. 

old. 

old. 



2. VIRGINIA, MIDDLE. 



170. Shannondale. 

171. Taylor. 

172. Zane's. 

173. Bloomery. 

174. Vulcan. 

175. McCarty. 

176. Capon. 

177. Bryan's. 

178. Trout Run. 

179. Fort. 

180. Paddy. 

181. Columbia. 

182. Van Buren, 1. 

183. Van Buren, 2. 

184. Caroline. 

185. Liberty. 

186. Isabella. 

187. Catharine. 

188. Shenandoah, 1. 

189. Shenandoah, 2. 

190. Margaret Jane. 

191. Oakland. 

192. Old Furnace. 

193. Elizabeth. 

194. Mossy Creek. 

195. Mt. Torry. 

196. Canada. 

197. Estelline. 

198. Cotopaxi. 

199. Vesuvius. 

200. Buena Vista. 

201. Glenwood. 

202. Calilxirnia. 

203. Mount Hope. 

204. Panther Gap. 

205. Bath. 

206. Moore's. 

207. Dolly Ann. 

208. Lacy Selina. 

209. Australia. 

210. Clifton. 

211. Eumsey. 

212. Roaring Run. 

213. Grace. 

214. Rebecca. 

215. Jane. 

216. Retreat. 

217. Cloverdale, 1, 

218. Cloverdale, 2. 

219. JEtna. 

220. Catawba. 

221. Harvey's. 

222. Old Furnace, 

223. Barren Spring. 
221, Wilkinson's, 



6 miles east of Charlestown, 
10 miles west of Winchester. 
On Cedar Creek. 
23 miles noi'thwest of Winchester. 

6 miles southeast of Cumberland. 

By the Paddytown R.-E. station. 
3 miles from Wardensville. 

2 miles southwest of Wardensville. 

7 miles southeast of Wardensville. 
832 miles southeast of Strasburg. 

7 miles west of Strasburg. 

8>^ miles southwest of Woodstock. 

7 miles west of Woodstock. 

}l mile east of Van Buren No. 1. 

7 miles northwest of Luray. 

12 miles west of Woodstock. 

I mile north of Luray. 

3 miles west of Newport. 

9 miles south of Newport, 

5 miles above Shenandoah 1. 

3 miles northeast of Port Republic. 
)^ mile east of Brock's Gap. 
On the banks of Smith's Creek. 
16 miles west of Staunton. 

14 milos northwest of Staunton. 

16 miles S. S. W. of Waynesborough. 

3 miles W. N. W. of Mt. Torry Fur. 
21 miles west of Staunton. 

16 miles southwest of Staunton. 
20 miles southwest of Staunton. 

6 miles east of Lexington. 

18 miles southeast of Lexington. 

15 miles N. N. W. of Lexington. 
)i mile above California Furnace. 
\% mile west of Goshen, V. C. K. R. 

Close to the Goshen station. 
On the banks of Steele's Creek. 
33^ miles east of Covington. 
31 miles east of Covington. 
25 miles east of Covington. 

13 miles east of Covington. 
On Dunlap's Creek. 

10 miles south of Clifton Forge. 

17 miles southeast of Covington. 
15 miles northwest of Buchanan. 

4 miles northeast of Rebecca Furnace. 
9 miles north of Buchanan. 

18 miles southwest of Buchanan. 
7>^ miles southeast of Buchanan. 
23^ miles northeast of Buchanan. 

II miles west of Fincastle. 

5 miles west of Fincastle. 
1 mile above Newcastle. 

IS miles southeast of Wythoville. 
12 miles S, S, W, of Wytheville, 



C. Brooke, of Wagontown, Chester Co., Pa., own. Jno. West, less. &agt. Jefferson 
Jas. Been, Mt. Falls P. 0., own. S. A. Pancoast, late less. Pawpaw P, 0. Frederick. 
" Built before any iron works in this region ;" abandoned 30 years ago. Frederick. 
C. H. Pancoast & J. Magee, 403 Walnut St., Phil. S. A. Pancoast, late less. Hampshire. 

C. H. Pancoast, own. N. Creek C. Co., les. T. S. Richards, agt. Cumber- Hampshire. 

Abandoned for 30 years and everything about it removed. [land, Md. Hampshire. 
J. J. Keller, owner and manager. Wardensville P. 0., Va. Hardy. 

On Hezekiah Cleggit's farm ; abandoned 18 years ago and in ruins. Hardy. 

(Called Crackwhip Furnace.) Abandoned 10 years ago and in ruins. Hardy. 
Gilease & Brown, Front Royal, owners and man. Strasburg P. 0., Va. Warren. 

Mr. Wilson, of New York city, owner and manager ; address N, Y. city. Shenandoah. 
Wissler & (Samuel) Myers, owners. Columbia Furnace P. O., Va. Shenandoah. 

Miller & Mayhew, of Baltimore, owners. Mr. James, last manager. Shenandoah. 
James W. Farren, owner and manager. Van Buren Furnace P. O., Va. Shknandoah. 
Marston, Bush & Co., own., Wilmington, Del. J.Marston, m. Edinburg. Shenandoah. 

Walter Newman, owner Benj. P. Newman, man. Liberty Furn. P. 0. Shenandoah. 
Nicholas W. Y'ager, of Luray, owner. Abandoned and in ruins. Page. 

John McKiernau, owner and manager. Alma P. 0., Va. Page. 

D. & H. Forrer, late owners & present less. H. Pope, m. Shenand. I. W. Page. 

D. &H. Forrer, late owners and present lessees. In process of erection. Rockingham. 



John Miller, owner and manager. Port Republic P. , Va. Rockingham. 

Mr. Pennebacker built it, and abandoned it in a year or so after. Rockingham. 

Abandoned thirty or forty years ago. Rockingham. 

D. & I-I. Forrer, of Shenandoah Iron Works, owners. Page Co., Va. Augusta. 
Daniel Forrer, owner. Mossy Creek P. 0. Abandoned. Augusta. 

Lorenzo Shaw, owner and manager. Waynesborough P. 0,, Va. Augusta. 

Was in blast but a few days ; very small ; now a heap of ruins: Augusta. 

Lorenzo Shaw, owner and manager. Waynesborough P. 0., Va. Augusta. 

Jno. & Isaac Newton, owners and managers, Greenville P, 0., Va. Augusta. 

Bradley & Donald, owners and managers. Steele's Tavern P. 0., Va. Rockbridge. 

Sam. F. Jordan, owner. Jno J. Jordan, man. Buena Vista P. O., Va. Rockbridge. 
Francis T. Anderson, own. Balcony Falls P. 0. E. Peck, m. Same addr's. Rockbridge. 
Jno. W. Jordan, owner. Rockbridge, Alum Springs P. 0., Va. Rockbridge. 

James Campbell's heirs ; address Alex. Campbell, Millboro, Bath Co. Eockbridge. 
Abandoned more than 20 years ago and now a heap of ruins. Rockbridoe. 

Wm. Weaver, of Buffalo Forge, former owner ; abandoned in 1850. Eockbridge. 

Abandoned more or less than 40 years ago and in ruins. , Eockbridge. 

B, J. Jordan & Co,, owners, W, H, Jordan, manager, Allegheny. 

E. & I. P. Jordan, owners. Abandoned in 18.52 and dilapidated. Allegheny. 

E. & I. F. Jordan, owners. Cow Pasture Bridge P. 0., "Va. Allegheny. 

Wm. L. Alexander, owner. Clifton Furnace P. 0., Va. Allegheny. 

Belongs to the Jordans. Abandoned 30 years ; no stack existing, Alleisheny. 

F. B. Deane, Lynchburg, Va., and Sam. C. Robinson, Richmond, Va. Botetourt. 
Shanks & Patton, owners. Thos. Cornelius, man. Grace Furn. P, O, Botetourt, 
Heirs of W. Wilson. D. J. Wilson, Daggar's Springs P. O. Aband. l'-50, Botetourt. 

Heirs of Wm. Wilson, Abandoned 1850, dilapidated, [dilapidated, Botetourt, 

Col, Wm, Weaver, owner. Abandoned about 1849 and in ruins. Botetourt. 

Geo. Taylor, last owner. Abandoned about 1835 ; now in ruins. Botetourt. 

Anderson & Patton, owns. PattonsburgP, 0. T.H.Burns, m. Blue Ridge Botetourt. 
Wm. Weaver, own. Chas. K. Gorgas &W. W. Rex, mans. Pattonsburg. Botetourt. 

Abandoned in 1849 and dilapidated. Botetourt. 

Abandoned about 1825 and entirely disappeared. Botetourt. 

Abandoned ten or fifteen years ago. Craig. 

David Graham, of Graham's Forge, owner. Chas. W. Lyons, manager. Wythe. 
James Wilkinson, Brown Hill P. 0., owner. Wythe. 



1837 
1845* 
old. 
1844* 
1847* 

1780* 

1822 

1830* 

1835* 

1836 

1833 
1810, 182? 
1837 
1850 
1835 

1821 

1760? 

1846 

1836 

1857 

1849 

1835* 

1790* 

1857 

1760S 

1800, 1853 
1815* 
1838* 
1836* 
1828 

1847 
1849 
1850 
1849 
18 

1800* 

1825—1830 

1848, 1854 

1827 

1854 

1846 
18 
1832,* 1847 
1849 
1826 

1830 
1825 to 1830* 

1841, '50, '54 
1792, 1842 

18,30* 

ISIO* 

1830* 

18.54 

1810? 



Continued on pp. lit, 115. 



Ill 



SOtJTH OF THE 



APRIL 1, 



POTOMAC RIVEE. 



1858. 



PROPaCTION. 



;/^ ::: ^s^x 



■of 
ore. 



of 
power. 



of '' S 
iron. >• s 



184:9. 



1851. 



1855. 



1856. 



Wks. 



Wks. 



1. VIRGINIA, SOUTHEAST OF THE BLUE EIDGE. 



150. Georgetown 8* 28* 2.5 ■© „12 , 
1.51. Blue Kidge 12>^ 40 lO.G „18 
1.53. Potomac 8 30 3.0 .. 

153. Catharine 

154. New Furnace 



1.55. 
156. 
157. 
158. 
1.59. 

160. 
161. 
162. 
163. 
164. 

165. 
166. 
167. 
168. 
169. 



Eougli & Ey. 
Hunter's 
Bear Garden 
Elk Creek 
Stone WaU 

Lagran-de 

Oxford 

Saunder's 

Carren 

Union 

West Fork 
Poplar Camp 
Siielor's 
Old furnace 
Old furnace 



40* 
30 



1.7 
25 



30 2.0 



30 
30 



1.7* 
2.5 



H. 
H. 



Steaaa 


3 


hot 


Steam ? 


»6 


,3 600= 


Steam 


2 


,31^ 6003 


Steam? 


, 


.-. 


Steam? 


. 


.. 



H. M. Steam n. in. 1 „2J^ cold 
H. Steam i. ii. 1 ,,2>| cold 



H. M. 



Water 
Water i. 



1 , . cold 
1 ,,23^ cold 



Water i. n. in. 1 „3* cold 



? 
200? 
400* 



1 
18* 



200? 



dilapidated 
? ..0 

..0 



ahandoned.^handoued. abandoned, 
not built, ^ot built. not built. 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 
1,050 34 1,000* 36 760 28 

aljandoned and is now in ruins, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned and is now in ruins. 



alsandoned and is now 

abandoned and is now 

al)andoned and is now 

..0 ..0 

500? 30* ..0 

ioO-* 13* 100* 5 



abandoned 
abandoned 
abandoned 
abandoned 



and is now 
and is now 
and is now 
and is now 



all gone. 

all gone. 

in ruins. 
.. 
.. 

.. 

all gone. 

near gone. 

all gone. 

all gone. 



2. VIEGINIA, MIDDLE. 



2,300 



1,300 



760 



170. Sbanondal^ 9 .. 1.2 

17J. Taylor 8 32* 1.8 « .. .. 

172. Zane's 

173. Bloom-ery 7 30* 1.8 C .. .. 

174. Vulcan 9 33 2.0 3i „12 ,,7 

175. McCarty 

176. Capon 9 30 1.9 

177. Bryan's 

178. Trout Run .. ., .. „ .. .. 

179. Fort 9 33 1.9 °10 ., .. 

ISO. Paddy 8 33 1.5 .. .. 

181. Columbia 8J^ 30 3.0 .. „10 .. 

182. Van Buren, 1 '"8 32 2.0 .. .. 

183. VauBurea, 2 3 22* 1.5 , 

184 Caroline 'S 30 1.5 .. ,,12 .. 

185. Liberty 8 30 1.7 .. „5 .. 

186. Isabella 

187. Catharine. 8 32 1.5 

188. Shenand'h, 1 9 33 2.9 

189. Shenand'h, 2 9* 36 2.9* 

190. Margaret J. 8 31 1.7 

191. Oakland 

192. Old furnace 

193. Elizabeth 9 35 2.5 8* .. .. 

194. Mossy Creek 8J.^*2S)<1.8 

195. Mt. Torrey 11 35 2.0 ..„lfi,,12 

196. Canada 

197. Estelline 6 32 1.5 ..,,12 .. 

198. Cotopaxl 8* 32* 2.0 .. „8 ,,8 

199. Vesuvius 8 40 1.5 . . „10 ., 

200. Buena Vista 9 33 2.0 ,,12 „12 

201. Glenwood 9 38 2.3 .,,,10 ,. 

202. California 9 36 2.0 }i ,,12 „12 

203. Mount Hope 

204. Panther Gap 

205. Bath 

206. Moore's 

207. Dolly Ann '8>i "36 1.5 IJ^ „12 ,,12 

208. LucySelina 

209. Australia 11 40 1.7 4*„lo„15 

210. Clifton 9 33 2.7 .. ,,10 .. 

211. Rumsey 

212. Roaring Run SJ^ 36? 2.}4* „10* „8* 

213. Grace 8)4 33 2.0 6, ,14 .. 

214. Eebecca 9 32 L5 

215. Jane 9 32 1.5 

216. Retreat 

217. Cloverdale, 1 

218. Cloverdale, 2 9 37 1.7 ..,,10 .. 

219. Etna 9 35* 3.5 ,,10 ,,10 

220. Catawba 

221. Harvey's 

222. Old furnace 

223. Barren Sp'g. 7 40 2.0 .. ,,7 .. 

224. Wilkinson's .. .. 2.5 .. .. 



W. & S. I. II. ni. 
H. Steam 



H. 

F. 



H. 
H. 
H. 



1 „2 

2„1% 500=' 2 1,6 



? 



? 



W. &S. I. II. III. 2„15i 600° 1% 1,200? 
Steam ., 2 „2 400=' l>i 1,300 



H. Water 



1>,2% 



1,006 



H. 


W. & S. I. 


12 


,3>i 


■600° . 


. 1,409 


H. B. 


Water m. 


2 


,3 


hot . 


1,050 


H. 


Water i. !i. iii. 


1 


,2?< 


cold . 


. 1,700 


H. 


Steam i. 11. 


1 


,3* 


550° . 


850 


H. 


Water 


1 


. 


cold . 


250 


H. 


Water i. 


I 


.2Ji 


cold . 


800 


H. 


Water i. 11. 


1, 


,2 


cold . 


950 


H. 


Water 






cold . 


. 


H. 


Water i. 11. 


n 


,2;< 


cold . 


900 


H. 


Water 11. iii. 


1 


,2K 


cold . 


. 2,000 


H. 


Steam 


»2 




hot . 


. 2,000 



H. W. & S. I. II. 



hot .. 



H. Steam 

H. Water 

H. Water 

H. Water 

H. Water 

H. Water 



2„2X hot? 
. . . . cold 



1 „i 



400° 



900 



1 „3 cold . . 1,500 

1 „3 600°? .. 

1 ,,3 cold .. 640? 



Water i. 11. i 
Water 
W.&S. I. II. 



1 „3 H. c. 31b. 2,800 
1 „2 cold . . 1,750 
1 ,,3 warm .. 1,500 



&S. I. II. III. 
'&S. '.'. 



Water 



1 „3 hot .. 
1 „2X warm . . 
1 „2^i cold ., 



1,800 



Water i. 2 ,,3^-4 600° .. 

Steam i. n. in. n „3X cold • ■ 2,250* 

Water .. 2 „2K cold .. 



Water 



2 „2K cold 



Water i. 11. m. 1 ,,3 cold . . 1,,350 
Water I. II. III. 1 ,,3K 600° .. 1,000? 



Water 
Water 



1 „2X cold 
1 . . cold 



? ? 

., 500? ? 250*13* 

aband. and is now a heap of ruins. 

800* 35* 800* 35* 800* 35* 

out six yrs. Trhen start, will use coke. 

abandoned and is now dilapidated. 

300? ? .356? 19* 250* 13? 

abandoned long ago and in ruins, 

abandoned long ago an-d in ruins. 

520 21* 286 43 214 41* 



,. 
515 26 
500* 22* 
abandoned, 
569}^ 23 ^i 



..0 .,0 

850 36 530 31 

..0 ..0 

as an ex periment. 

900* 37* 553 22} 



240 15 387 20 238 13 

abandoned an-d is no w in ruina. 

541 30^ 366 21 526 22 

800* 28^ 650? ? 632K20 

not yet bnilt, but nearly up. 

7.50? 26?* 750? 26? 750*26* 

abandoned and is now in ruins. 

abandoned long ago, in ruins. 

not yet built, but building. 

abandoned, and is now in ruins. 

700* 26 100* 3* ..0 

abandoned long ago, a heap of rains. 

. . 600* 30 600* 30* 

600 ? 32* abandoned, in ruins 

600*32* abandoned, dilapidated. 

900* 22* 900* 22* 800* 20* 
600* 26* 850* 26* 940 28 

953^24 1,076)^18 1,075* 23 

abandoned, not much dilapidated. 

abandoned long ago, a heap of ruins. 

abandoned eighteen hundred & fifty, 
abandoned long ago, and in ruins. 

350 ? 850 28 500* 16 

abandoned lately and dilapidated. 

650*25* 650*25* 915 3.i* 

800* 29 . . . . 

aband. long ago, and disappeared. 

1,100 800* 35* aband. Dec. '54, dUap'd. 

..0 800*26* 900*26* 

1,000? abandoned and is now dUapidated. 

800 ? abandoned and much dilapidated. 

abandoned and is now in ruins. 

aband. long ago, a heap of ruins. 

I,]89>i31 1,090 29 1,120 32 

..0 800 27* 700 22* 

abandoned and is now dilapidated. 

abandoned and is now entirely gone. 

abandoned and is now entirely gone. 
. . 400 ? 26* 500 ? 26* 

..0 ..0 7>^ 1 



CONTIHUED ON PP. 114, 115. 



112 



human body have been exljumed, all turned to ore. Market east. Capacity 30 to 
3.5, production 25 to 30 tons a week. (G. F. Hupp.) 

181. COLITMBIA Furnace.— On Stony Creek, 6 miles W. of Edinburg, 4 miles 
above (tr. of) Union Forge, o-vvued and run by G. F. Huff for 15 years until April 
1854, when it was sold to Myers & Keller, Columbia Furnace P. O. Rebuilt 1823. 
During these 15 years it ran regularly 11}^ mouths in each year, making 700-800 
tons a year. Hearth 5 ft. high, 21 in. below, 26 above. Tuyere 18 in up, dam 15 
in. high, bosh walls 4.5°. Has 2 wooden double acting cyl. 6}^ X 2%, i^i rev. 
Uses about 160 bush, charcoal to a ton of iron. Made No. 1 foundry and No. 1 
forge according to the ore ; took a premium in New York for forge iron. Ore, 
hematite. Five IMile bank, 45 per ct., 5 miles northwest ; Three Mile Bank, 50 per 
cent., 3 miles S. west. Drummond's Bank, 45 per ceut., 2 miles west ; formerly 
also Black Oak Bank 2 miles west, 40 per cent. Average production 20 tons a 
week, on forge, and 18 on foundry iron ; made about equal quantities of each: 
aim at No. 2 car wheel iron. Turned most of the forge iron into blooms for Philad. ; 
supplies Valley Forge. New owners, April 1, 1854 ; made 516 tons after that. 
(S. F. Hupp.) 

182. VAN BUREN NO. 1 Furnace.— On Cedar Creek ; was changed in 1854 from 
9-10 to 8% ft. bosh. Has 2 wooden single tubs 6X3, 24 revol. steam fly, 8-12 
revol. tub crank. Average make 27* tojjB ; with proper blast could make .35 easily. 
Ran very irregularly in 1854, and has made nothing since beginning of 1855. Ore, 
cold short hematite 250 yards off; also 114 miles southwest; also 1>^ miles north; 
also 1>^ miles west. (Mr. James.) 

183. VAN BUREN NO. 2 Furnace.— Was built by Lorenzo Seibert, of Mount 
Solon, Augusta Co., for making malleable iron direct ; hence its uncommonly nar- 
row bosh. It used one wooden double tub 3X4? stroke, 7 revol. (now removed), 
and was blown only 10 days, when it chilled up, owing to holes left in the hearth 
to tap through. It stands as it was left. 

184. CAROLINE Furnace. — 8 miles southeast of Edinburg, 12 southeast of 
Woodstock ; was formerly 9 feet bosh and will be made so again this summer 
(1857). Has one new double acting wooden tub 6 X 5'^, 4 rev. (usually 3}4), and 
makes first quality gray foundry iron mostly for Wilmington, Del. ; also soriie iron 
for neighboring forges ; average 102 or 3 tons a month. Ore, "yellow and black 
oxide," from the mountain 1!.; miles on the Lurayroad ; used mixed with J^ part 
red hematite from a bank 2?;^ miles northwest on the Allegheny Mts. (J. M.) 

185. LIBERTY Furnace.— On a branch of Stony Creek 11 m. north of Edinburg, 

5 m. W. of Columbia Furnace; has 2 wood single acting tubs, 5;^ x 4 ft. stroke, 

6 r. Fuel charcoal, say 300 bush, to a ton of iron. Ore hematite from 1 mile 
north, although there are banks within J^ mile ; 60 per cent, ore (45 per cent, 
strippings and all). Makes only foundry pig No. 1, 2, for Delaware, Massachusetts, 
Wheeling. Capacity 20-21 tons a week; water sufficient for whole year; 1854, 
June 14-Oct. 2; 1855, June 7-Oct. 21 ; 1856, Aug. 27-Nov. 21 ; 1857 made nothing, 
repairing. (B. S. L., Nov. 25, 1857.) 

186. ISABELLA Furnace. — Half mile above Speedwell Forge No. 1, on Hawks- 
bill Creek ; was built a century ago, and abandoned 1841, and is in rains ; ma- 
chinery gone ; fine water-power, plenty of wood and good ore, but lying deep. 

187- CATHARINE Furnace. — 14 m. from Luray and 15 by pike from New Market, 
18 by bridle path 'and 2.5 by road from Harrisburg; has 2 wood tubs, with a cast- 
iron receiver, 6X5 stroke, 2% revolutions. Makes X No. 1 gray, very strong, 
and }i No. II iron, from a 40 per cent, hematite ore ; banks X ™- north-north- 
west. There is a bed close to the furnace, red-short, not used: a succession of 
openings J^ m. apart for 2 m. southwest improve in that direction ; a more pro- 
mising opening 1^ m. northeast. Market principally Baltimore ; forges attached 
to the furnace. Have made 40 tons in a week ; could make an average of 35 by 
blowing hard ; made 105 in S weeks. (B. S. L.) 

188. SHENANDOAH IRON WORKS Furnace No. 1.— 20 m. S. of Luray, 23 S W. 
of Harrisburg; is claimed by Richards Bro. & Co., Columbia and Reading, Pa. 
(Richards & Moore, of Columbia, blew it in 1855 ; Richards Bro. & Co. in 1856.) 
Has 2' iron tubs 4X6 stroke, 14* rev. Aim to make lively forge iron ; average 
HOW 35-38 a week ; average in 18.54, 28-3CP Present firm blew in July 25, out Dec. 
27, 1856. Ore, brown hematite, .50 per cent, when clean, from banks in Rocking- 
ham Co., within J^ ra. of Furnace No. 2. 4Mr. F.) 

189. SHENANDOAH Furnace No. 2.— On Naked Creek, 5 m. above Furnace No. 
1, and 20 m. above Port Republic; has the stack nearly completed (April 30, '57). 
Will use but 2 tuyeres with hot blast; intend to make 50 tons a week. A third 
furnace has been commenced by D. & H. Ferrar, in Augusta Co., 16 m. W. of 
Staunton, on the Central R. R. (See No. 183, Elizabeth Furnace.) 

190. MARGARET JANE Furnace.- In Brown's Gap, 3 m. E of Mt. Vernon 
Forge; blows with a heavy blast, with 2 cast-iron, double acting cyl. 4* X 6* 
stroke, driven when the water is low by a 41 horse engine, 2 years old and used 
but 6 months. Makes an average of 30 tons a week only to keep the forge in 
metal ; could make 40-45 ; made formerly a fine chilling white car-wheel iron for 
Baltimore. Ore bank near the furnace, yielding a rich, heavy " barshire" pipe 
ore ; another 5 m. north yielding a fine hematite ; also 3 m. north at the foot of the 
mountain, rich. 

S3= For sale. — Furnace, forge, ore banks, 20,000 acres woodland. Owner wishes 
to give up business. References as to quality of iron made to Thompson & Oudes- 
luys, Baltimore. There is a stone gristmill and a saw mill, 40 acres flat land, 
5,000 acres of land with new house at the forge, and a good log house at the 
furnace, on the Port Republic, Weir's Cave and Charlottsville road. There is a 
valuable site for a new furnace at the ore bank, 5 miles below, on the 20,000 acre 
tract. It costs $7 a ton to ship the forge iron to Harper's Ferry. Charcoal formerly 
cost $3 33 per hundred bushels at the furnace or forge. A railroad a mile long 
runs to the first ore bank. The mill water poiver is 10 feet ; the forge power 16 to 



18 feet. See note to Table I No. 



191. OAKLAND Furnace.— Built by Mr. Pennebacker, living near New Market; 
was abandoned within about a year of its erection, 20 years ago. (B. S. L.) 

192. An old furnace on Smith's Creek, built, some say 70 years ago, was aban- 
doned 40 or more years ago. 

19.3. ELIZABETH? Furnace will probably be the name of a new stack now 
building on the line of the Central R. R. (See Shenandoah Furnace No. 2, 189 note 
p. 112). It is within 70 yds. of the R. R. Will have two iron cylinders and ose 
charcoal, and hematite ore from l}j^ m. S. W., say 60 per cent. 

194. MOSSY CREEK Furnace.— 11 m. from Harrisburg, and 2J^ m, from Manas- 
sah Gap R. R. Location line built a century ago, was burnt down about 1841 and 
is in a ruined condition, but might be repaired, for the stack is still good. Wood 
is getting rather scarce in that neighborhood, but ore lies in all directions around 
it, from }^ to 2 miles distant. 

195. MT. TORRY Furnace —On Back Creek, 15 m. E. of Greensville, 18* m. 
N. E. of Cotopaxl Furnace. Has in ovea 32 uprights 6 ft. X 4 in., 16 goose-necks 



' and 2 horizontal cylinders 10* feet X 14* inches. "Has 2 wooden double acting cyT.. 
6 X 4*, 2* r. Has a 32 ft. water wheel. Uses 200* bush, charcoal to a ton of iron. 
Ore cold-short hematite, 2 m.N- west; Makes pigs for Richmond. Has made 
nothing since spring of 1855. (B. S. L.) 

196. CANADA Furnace. — A very small stack, 3 m. W. N. W. of Mt. Torry Fur* 
nace, built 40 years ago, blew but a few days and is a heap of ruins. (B. S. L.) 

197. ESTILLINE Furnace.— On the head-waters of Little Calf Pasture, 3 m. 
S. S. W. of Pond Gap Station (18 m. W. of Staunton), 1>4 m. S. of V. C. R. R., 3 m. 
S. E. of Craigsville (22 W. of St.). Has 2 wood double acting cyl. 5* X 4*, 5* r. 
Water wheel 20 to 22 feet. About same amount of charcoal to the ton of iron as 
at Mt. Torry. Ore cold-short hematite, 2 m. S. E., very rich ; pipe ore, not so rich, 
2)4 m. S. (l}4 m. S. W. of first bank). Make say 25 tons of castings in the year. 
Not in blast since 1850 at least ; 18.55 and 6, each about 7 months, 20 tons a week. 

198. COTOPAXI Furnace.— On South River, 4 m. above (N. E.) Vesuvius Fur., 
4 m. E. of Steele's Tavern ; has 2 wood double acting cyl. 3J4 ft' stroke, and 6* 
revolutions (1 X 1). Uses 200 bush, of charcoal to the ton of iron (150-175). Ore, 
hematite, from Morris's bank 1 m. S. ; some from Bear's bank 3 m. N. E., 30 to 35 
per cent. Made some castings. Market, the neighborhood and Richmond. Aban- 
doned 23d Dec. 1854, and in ruins. Made in 1854, about the same as Vesuvius. 

199. VESUVIUS Furnace.— On South River, 2 m. S. Steele's Tavern (Midway), 
\2]4 m. above, E. N. E. Buena Vista ; has 2 wooden single acting tubs, 6 X 3 ft.' 
stroke, 4? revolutions per minute' (3 X 1). Charcoal, a load for a ton, 150-175 
bushels (Mr. Bryant), say 200 bush, to the ton of iron. Ore "black rock" ore, 
roasted, Fulton & McClung banks, near together, 1^ m. S. , .30? per cent, ore; 
Kelly bank, 21^ m, E., 35? per cent., ore easily smelted ; Coldshire bank, 3 m. E., 
richer than the Kelly ; old More bank or Black Rock bank, 3 m. N. E., 35 per cent, 
making the best metal. Make sometimes castings, Market Richmond and home. 
Furnace abandoned Dec. 15, 1854, and dilapidated. Could make 120 to 130 tons a, 
month ; water power good all the year. For further information of Ves. and Cot. 
Fs., consult Saml. McDow. Moore, Lexington, Va. (B. S. L.,-Not. 19, '57.) 

200. BUENA VISTA Furnace. — Rockbridge Co., on South River, 1>^ m. from 
North River, 8 m. N. of Buffalo Forge, 15 m. below (S. W.) Ve.suvius Furnace ; 
has .32 upright oven pipes (20 in 1857) and 10 goose-necks Sin. diam. ; uprights 6 
feet long, formerly 8 feet. Has 2 iron double acting cyl. 3>^ x 5]4, 14 r. or less 
(1x1). Water wheel 16 ft. Use 1,050 bush, charcoal per day with cold blast; 
26 loads to 37,?^ tons of iron (175 bushels to the load), with hot blast. The follow- 
ing table will show the proportions of fuel when cold and when hot blasts are 
used : 371^ ^^^^ jpojj j,, 26 x 175 = 4,550 bushels of charcoal hot blast. 

46 " " to 41 X 175 = 7,175 

40% " " to 28 X 175 = 4,900 " " " 

4414 " " '0 30 X 175 = 5,250 " " " 



168K 



21,875 = 130 bushels to the ton iron. 



41 tons iron to 40 x 175 = 7,000 bushels of charcoal cold blast 
441.^ " " to 40 X 175 = 7,000 " " " 

471^ " " to 40 X 175 = 7,000 "• " " 

46 " " to 40 X 175 = 7,000 " " " 

44 " " to 38 X 175 = 6,650 " " " 



223 



34,650 = 155.4 bushels to the ton iron. 



Ore, hematite, Cash's bank, 2^ m. E., 33 per cent, ore, mixed with Haye's bank, 
3 m. S. E. 33 per cent.. Old bank, 3'4 S. E., 50 per cent. 

Makes No. 1 gray, and forge and foundry No. 2, white cold blast. Makes No. 1 
gray and No. 2 and 3 white hot blast. To Richmond and Lynchburg and home. 
Made 1851, 53)^ tons a week. Average cold blast with 6 tons charcoal per day, 
700 tons ; 1852, about 50 tons a week, 100 tons ; 1853, about 1,500 tons. (B. S. L.) 

201. GLENWOOD Furnace. — In Arnold's Valley, IJ^ miles S. of James River, 
43^ m. S. W. of mouth of North River, Balcony Falls, 20 m. by river (17 by road) 
E. of Buchanan ; has 2 w-ooden double acting cyl. 6 x 6, 3% (sometimes 4) rev. 
(1 X 1). Uses 165-170 bush, good white oak charcoal (more of pine) to the ton of 
iron. Ore, hematite 40-45 per cent., from Greenlee bank, 1 m. north. Makes pig 
No. 2 and 1 for Richmond, to Anderson's works, and Morris & Tanner's Rolling 
Mill. Capacity about 1,600 tons (40 per week). There is an ore bank of nearly all 
fibrous hematite 300 yds. S. W., just at preseot the shaft full of water. No furnace 
account kept before 1856. 

202. CALIFORNIA Furnace.— On Bratton's run, 1^ m. S: E. of Rockbridge 
Alum Springs ; 8 m. S. W. of Goshen, nearest R. R. station, except Millboro', 6>i 
m. S. across the mountain ; 6 m. N. E. of Australia Furnace. Has 2 horizontal 
cyl. 12 in. diam. x 6}4 ft. long, 32 uprights 6 ft. long x 4 in. diam., 16 goose-necks 
and 8 stool-pigeons all the same diameter. Has 2 wood double acting blast cyl. 
6 X 3J^, 4 r. (1 X 1). Uses say one load, 175 bushels, to a ton of iron. Ore, hema- 
tite cold-short, 2% m. S. S. W., and again 200 yds. S. W. of the first — both on same 
vein and about 50 per cent. Makes pig only, mostly No. 1 gray foundry, some 
No. 2, and a little hard white No. 3. Mostly for Richmond, and of late to Read- 
ing, Peuna. In 1855 blew 6J^ weeks with only one tub. Not in blast since Dec. 
23, 185G. (B. S. L., Nov. 21, '57.) 

203. MOUNT HOPE Furnace. — }4 mile above California, on the same stream j 
was abandoned in 1853, and is not much dilapidated. (B. S. L.) 

205. BATH IRON WORKS Furnace and Forge.— Was built 1824-5, rebuilt 1830, 
the forge built 1827— both abandoned 1850. (B. S. L.) 

207. DOLLY ANN Furnace (called for a time Rough and Ready). — On Pounding 
Mill Run, 'l]4 miles from the Va Central R. R. line, and from James River and 
Kanawha Canal ; has 2 indifferent blast tubs 6 x 6, 6 rev., and 2 east-iron tubs 
2}4 X 5 stroke 12 strokes, the engine making 40 strokes per minute. Ore, hema- 
tite, "at the furnace and inexhaustible." "We have another furnace partly 
erected 3 miles W. of Covington, immediately on the Covington and Ohio R. R. 
Was built in 1848, rebuilt and enlarged in 1854, during which year did not do 
much for want of blast. An insuflicieut Richmond engine was geared into the 
water wheel. Afterwards a new Baltimore engine was obtained to blow new iron 
cylinders. In 18.56 out of blast June, July and August. Made No. 1 foundry for 
Richmond and Lynchburg, to use instead of Scotch pig ; also best article of bar 
iron. (Corresp. of B. J. Jordan & Co.) 

208. LUCY SELINA Furnace (Alleghany Co.).— On Simpson's Creek, 4>^m. W. 
of Australia (21 m. E. of Covington) ; was built in 1827, abandoned 1852, and is 
dilapidated. (E. & J. F. Jordan [B, S. L., xiv. 8]). 

209. AUSTRjVLIA Furnace. — On Simpson's Creek (25 m. E. of Covington), 12 m. 
S. E. of Clifton Forge, 36 m. N. of Buchanan ; has 32 pipes and 2 horiiontal cylin- 
ders in the oven. Has 2 wooden double acting cylinders, 6 ft. diameter, 5* revo- 
lutions (1x1). Uses 906* bushels chai-coal a day. Ore hematite,. 62}^ per cent.. 



113 



600 yards N. West. Makes ouly pig, IJO tons white, the rest gray No. 1. Market 
Lynchburg and Eichmond. (B. S. L. xiv. 7.) 

210. CLIFTON Furnace. — On Jackson's River, at Clifton Forge, 4 m. E. of Jack- 
son's Eiver Station, the nearest on the V. C. R. R., 1:3 m. W. of Australia Furnace., 
4 m. W. of Globe Forge. Has 2 wooden square double acting tubs 6 x 23^, r. 10, 
and a 15 foot water wheel. Uses 150-200 bush, charcoal to a ton of iron. Ore he- 
matite, 50 per cent. 1 m. E. and 1 m. west. Makes pig only. No. 1 mostly ; for 
Lynchburg and Eichmond. Supplied Clifton Forge in 1854. Has made nothing 
since Dec. 20, 1S54. (B. S. L., Nov. 22, '57.) 

211. EUMSEY IRON WORKS Furnace.— Ou Dunlap's Creek ; abandoned about 
30 years ago ; was to have been rebuilt in 1854, but the plan was abandoned after 
some of the buildings had been erected. No stack now exists. (B. S. L.) 

212. ROARING EUN Furnace. — On Eoaring Run, a branchof Craig's Creek, 4 m. 
S. W. of Dibbrell's Sulphur Springs, 36 m. N. W. of Bousack's Station (on Va. and 
Tenn. E. E.), 40 m. W. S. W. of Lexington. Has 2 wooden double acting cylin- 
ders ; revolutions, 7 a minute (1 x 1). Ore 1 m. S. — the only bank worked, but 
there are 3 others on the estate. "The iron made was the best and strongest ever 
seen." (F. B. D.) The average product has been considered about SOO tons a year, 
in about 8 mos. running. Market at Lynchburg and Richmond. (B. S. L. xii. 23.) 

213. GRACE Furnace.— On Craig's Creek, 16 m. W. of Fincastle, .30 m. N. W. of 
Bonsack's nearest stat. on V. &Tenn. R. R.,20 m. S. of Jackson River Depot, nearest 
Stat, ou V. C. E. R.,20 m. S. of Clifton Forge. Has 2 wooden double cyl. 5x5, 6*r. 
Uses about 1,600 bush, a day, charcoal, sometimes 1,200. Ore, hematite, 1 m. W., 2 
banks within a few hundred yards ; mix Mtu. bank, oO per ct. %, Black bank, 50 
perct. Xito make high iron. Gray iron made from Mtn. bank ore alone. Commonly 
make forge mottled iron for Morris, Tanner & Co., Eichmond ; High car-wheel 
iron for L. B. Deane & Son, Lynchburg; No. 1 gray iron for Jos. E. Anderson, 
Eichmond, who uses 25 per cent, of it in his best government ordnance. Will 
probably make 1,400 tons in 8 months this year — having made 1,200 tons up to 
Nov. 16, 1857. One box limestone to two bushel baskets of coal. Seven 35 lb. 
boxes flue ore and three 40 lb. boxes lump ore = one charge ; twenty charges make 
two tons of iron. (B. S. L.) 

214. EEBECCA Furnace (Botetourt). — One mile east-southeast of Dagger's 
Springs, and 2 miles N. E. from James Eiver, 15 m. N. W. of Buchanan ; built 35 
to 40 years ago ; was abandoned about 7 years ago, and is dilapidated. (B. S. L.) 

215. JANE Furnace (Botetourt). — 4 m. N. E. of Eebecca, 16 m. W. N. W. of Bu- 
chanan ; was built 25 to 30 years ago ; abandoned about 1850, and is more dilapi- 
dated than Eebecca. (B. S. L., xiv. 8.) 

216. EETREAT Furnace (Botetourt).— On Purgatory Creek, 9 m. N. of Buchanan 
(Col. Weaver's). — Was built about the same time and abandoned about 8 years 
agaHand is in ruins. (B. S. L., xiv. 9.) 

217. CLOVERDALE Furnace No. 1.— On the Macadamized Valley Turnpike, 
10 m. S. of Fincastle ; built 30*, abandoned 20* years ago, js a heap of ruins. 

218. CLOVERDALE Furnace No. 2 (Botetourt Co.).— On Back Creek, 5 m. S, of 
James River, 7J^ m. E. of Fincastle, at the western base of the Blue Ridge, 200 
miles from Eichmond ; has 2 wood, double acting cylinders 5K x 5 ft. stroke, 3}i 
r. (4>^ full speed). Uses 160 bush, furnace measure, charcoal to the ton of iron. 
Ore hematite, best lump 65, best fine 60 per cent, at McFallon's bank, 3 m. south; 
used for gun metal ; other kinds 40 to 50. At Campbell's banks, 1 m. east, hard 
ores 60 per cent., fine ores 40 to 50. Mix from the two banks to make No. 2 metal. 
Mix % best fine with >^ hard (McF.) ore, to make best gun metal. Make only 
pig. No. 1 gun. No. 2 gray, and white. Market, Eichmond and Philad. Capacity 
14 to 1,500 tons, i. e. 40 to 50 tons a week according to the water. (B. S. L., xiv. 10.) 

219. MTN&. Furnace.— On Purgatory Creek, 14 m. E. N. E. of Fincastle ; some- 
times blows cold ; has 32 upright pipes, 10 x 3 ft. long and 24 goose-necks, 3 in. 
diam. inside, with 2 horizontal cylinders, in the oven. Has 2 iron double acting 
cyl. 8% X 6J^, 4 r. ? (1 x 1). Uses 130 or more bush, charcoal to the ton of iron. 
Market chiefly Eichmond. Ore, "honeycomb," from Eetreat Bank, 6 m. by 
wagon road, 10 m. by E. R. north; "lump" 300 yds. west. Once made 1,920 
tons in a year. (B. S. L., xiv. 12.) 

220. CATAWBA Furnace. — On Catawba Creek, built 27 or 28 years ago was 
abandoned 1849. (B. S. L.) 

221. HAEVEY'S Furnace. — On Catawba Creek ; built about 45 years ago, aban- 
doned 30 years ago ; gone. (B. S. L.) 

222. An old furnace, on Craig's Creek, IJ^ m. above Newcastle, was abandoned 
long before Craig's Forge was. 

223. BAEREN SPRING Furnace.— On the south bank of New River, 6 miles by 
road S. E. of Graham's Forge, 15* m. north of Hillsville, 12 from Mac's Meadows 
Depot, by a good road. Bosh next spring (1S5S) will be 8 ft. Height of hearth 5*, 
square top 22 in., square bottom 20. Has 4 tubs 6 x 2% stroke, 1 revoIutidBin 85 
seconds ; overshot wheel 41 feet ; coupled 3 to 1." Ore, 45 per cent, hematite alloyed 
with lead, 300 yds. southeast; also % mile southeast, same vein. In 1855, 50 tons 
of the product were castings ; in 1856, 60 tons. Market, the forge and Lynchburg. 

id^ -f'"' S'^^ .' the Furnace ; Graham's Forge, and EoUing Mill ; grist mill and 
saw-mill at the forge ; 2,600 acres ; .$90,000 (25,000 cash and the balance on long 
annual payments). "The works are all in good repair ; grist mill good, large and 
active, with 2 run of stones. The forge can make 300 tons a year. There is a sup- 
posed lead mine near the furnace. The land is in two equal tracts 6 miles apart, 
one at the furnace, the other at the forge and rolling mill, six miles from Mac's 
Meadow Station, by turnpike. Water navigation 25 miles from the furnace to 
Central Station is chartered and will soon be opened. Charcoal costs 3 cents at 
the furnace and 4 at the foi'ge ; wood leave is given by the owners for the purpose 
of getting their lands cleared, and plenty of wood exists 3 miles off over the moun- 
tain at the head of Napier's Valley. Expect to consume 1857, 3,000 cords, and 
1,500 more at the forge and mill ; in 1856 consumed 2,400. 

224. WILKINSON'S Furnace.- On Cripple Creek, >^ mile below the Forge No. 
3, has one square wooden tub 4 x 2,, 10 stroke. Ore 4 miles west. Metal sent to 
Wytheville. The furnace was built by Bell & Kincannon, and abandoned by 
them 30 years ago. An attempt was made in 1856 to blow it in, but it chilled, was 
abandoned, and remains in a dilapidated state. 

225. PAEEY MOUNT Furnace No. 1. — tOO yds. west of No. 2 ; was built 50 years 
ago, abandoned in 1832, and is now quite gone. 

226. PARRY MOUNT Furnace No. 2.— Ou the road from Graham's Forge to 
Barren Spring Furnace ; was built in 1832, supplied the forge, and was abandoned 
in 1852. 

227. POETEE'S Furnace. — On a little stream emptying into Cripple Creek, 4 
miles above mouth, and S. W. of Wilkinson's Furnace. Built 1817-27. Aban- 
doned 1849-50. Now in ruins. 

228. PAULINA Furnace.— In Washington Co. Va. ; on Valley Creek, 100 yards 



south of the South Fork of Holslen, and 3 miles S. W. of Brown's Forge. Has 1 
tub, 6 ft. diameter x 4J^* stroke, 2? revolutions per minute. Stack still standing 
and the cupola attached is still in use. 

229. WHITE'S Furnace— On north fork of Holsten River, 15 miles S. W. of 
Saltville. Abandoned 1827-37. Now all gone. 

IIL NORTH CAROLINA. 

230. EEHOBOTH Furnace.— On Leiper's Creek, 25 miles N. W. from Charlotte. 
Charcoal. Has 3 round, single acting tubs, 6 feet diameter, loose, 5 revolutions per 
minute. In 1856 made 200 tons of pig metal from 400 tons of magnetic ore, with 
40 tons limestone. The pig metal is worked into castings by a cupola furnace on 
the spot. Ore from the "iron bank" on Leiper's Creek ; sandstone separates the 
ore from the limestone. 

Eehoeoth Forge is to be built and put into operation this fall, 1857. (J. L.) 

231. MADISON Furnace. — On Leiper's Creek, 3 miles above Eehoboth. Char- 
coal. Has 2 round, single acting, tight tubs 6 x 3% stroke, 1 revolution in 45 
minutes. In blast this year, 1S57, 18 weeks, and made 200 tons. Limestone is on 
the property; 4,800 acres. Ore, magnetic, from the "iron bank," distance l^i 
miles. Metal worked into castings on the spot ; some sold to Kaleigb, and others 
to N- C. foundries. 113= Furnace is for sale. (J. L. Jr.) 

232. VESUVIUS Furnace.— On Anderson's Creek, 4 miles N. E. from Madison 
Furnace. Charcoal. Has 2 round, single acting, tight, tubs .5^ x 3K stroke, 1 
revolution in 40 minutes. Has the same capacity as Madison and Eehoboth. Ore, 
magnetic, from " iron bank." ^[3= Owners wish to sell. (J. L. Jr.) 

233. COLUMBIA Furnace.— In Jaston Co., N. C, 7 miles W. from High Shoals, 
S]A N. W. from Dallas. Owned by High Shoals Mining and Manufacturing Com- 
pany. OfBce No. 4 Bowling Green, N. Y. Agent, Thomas Darling, Nail Factory 
P. 0., Gaston Co., N. C. Is in ruin ; has not operated since January 1, 1854. Expect 
it be restored and operated again together with the rolling mill and forges. Ore, 
nickeliferous magnetic, near the furnace. (J. L. Jr.) 

IV. SOUTH CAROLINA. 

236. HURRICANE Furnace.— Ou Pacolet River. Has 2 round, single acting, 
tight tubs 6x3 stroke, 10 strokes a minute (3}4 revolutions of the wheel crank 
with three cogs). "The stack is 10 feet higher than is necessary." A cupola 
furnace is attached and the pig metal is worked into castings on the spot. The 
Cowpens Furnace furnished the rolling mill with bloom metal. Ore, hematite, 
"average 60 per cent.," from an opening 4 miles northeast. Limestone from 
"Limestone Springs," 14 miles northeast. A wooden railway 10 miles long leads 
from the furnace into the iron and charcoal district. (J. L. Jr.) 

237. COWPEN'S Furnace.— On Cherokee Creek, 5 miles east from Battle Field, 
and 3 miles south of N. C. State line. Has 2 round, single acting, tight (?) tubs, 
5x3 (?) feet stroke. Ore, hematite, from an opening near the Hurricane ore 
banks. Charcoal made on the property. Iron used in rolling mill for merchant 
bar and nails. (J. L. Jr.) 

238. NORTH AND SOUTH TWIN Furnaces —On Broad Eiver, 26 miles N. E. 
from Spartanburg, and 24 miles north-northwest from Yorkville. Charcoal. Have 
in common 2 round, tight, single acting tubs 6 x 6, 14 (?) revolutions per minute ; 
blowing both furnaces through one 16 inch mother pipe ; but the furnaces work 
alternately. Ore half hematite, half gray magnetic. Pig metal worked up in the 
rolling mill. (J. L. Jr.) 

240. CHEEOKEE Furnace.— At the Cherokee Iron Works ; was built 20 years 
ago ; ran one year, and has ever since remained out of repair. (J. L. Jr.) 

241. ELLEN Furnace. — On People's Creek ; has been out of blast 7 or 8 years 
ago, and out of repair since 1852. Blast apparatus same as Twin Furnaces. Ore 
half hematite, half gray magnetic. (J. L. Jr.) rhistory 

242. SUSAN Furnace. — On People's Creek, a mile from Ellen ; same age and 

243. KING'S CEEEK Furnace.— On King's Creek, in York District, 7 miles E. 
from the Rolling Mill, and 4 miles from tlie river. Head workman, Hugh Borders, 
Ahtioch P. O., York District, S. C. Ore from near the furnace, one-third hema- 
tite, two-thirds gray magnetic. Limestone three or four miles distant. (J. L.) 

V. GEORGIA. 

244. SEQUEE Furnace (Stroup's).— On Sequee Creek, 3 miles South of Clarksville, 
Habersham Co, ; built 1832 or earlier, was abandoned 1.837*, and is now in ruins. 

245. ALLATOON A Furnace.— On AUatoona Creek, 13 m. S. east of Cassville, 2]4 
miles from the M. & Atlantic E. E., 6 m. E. S. E. of Cartersville ; was bnilt by 
Stroup. The hot blast was added 1855, and the tunnel-head widened 2 inches ; 
oven contains 6 goose-necks 10;| in. diameter. It has 2 iron tubs 2?^ x 6 stroke, 
18* r. Ore, 50 per cent, black oxide, from Crow bank, >^ m, east ; 30 per cent, 
from Eed Bank, 1 m, west ; 30 per cent, from Cooper's bank, ^ m, north ; also a 
richer ore than any, but too expensive now to use, from Gray bank, 2 m. west. 
Sells castings at Atlanta, Dalton and home, S^lls pig at Augusta, Macon, Atlanta, 
Griswoldville, Eome, Ga, ; Cleveland, Chattanooga and Kno.wiUe, Tenn,, and 
Alabama, Made mostly white iron, in 1854, for Cincinnati and Pittsburg; in 
18.55 mostly white, less than one-half mottled ; in 1856 No. 1 hot blast gray 
foundry. (B. S. L.) 

246. ETOWAH Furnace.— On Stamp Creek, 2 miles N. E. of Etowah Rolling 
Mill ; used 2 tuyeres six or more years ago, and 2X inch nozzle until July 1857. 
Has two wooden tubs 5}<^ x 4?^, 2 r. Ore, "60 to 70" per cent., 4 miles S. west. 
Made 1854, pig, scrap, machinery castings and hollow-ware, 544^, 44>.^, 475^, 74J^ 
tons ; in 1855, 573^, 38%, 55 '.{, 60 »^ tons ; in 1856, 593, 56, 52>^, 77^ tons. Pig all 
consumed at Etowah E. Mill ; the rest sold around. (B, S. L.) 

(Old Etowah Furnace built 1837, abandoned 1844, torn down 1850, stood along- 
side of the present furnace.) 

247. POOL Furnace. — On Stamp Creek, 8 miles above or north of Etowah Fur- 
nace, 12 miles S E. of Cassville; is to have a hot blast ; has 2 iron tubs 3 x 4, 20 ? 
r. Ore, red hematite, same as Union, Big Spring bank, 3 m. west ; Peach Tree bank, 
3 m. N. west ; Wild bank 3 milesjiprth, abandoned for the present, and yielding, 
60? per cent. ore. Makes only pi^petal, for Etowah R. Mill, Nashville, Colum- 
bus, Macon, &c. The water power in an average year will blow 7 or 8 months. 
(B. S. L.) 

248. UNION Furnace.— On Stamp Creek, 2 miles N. west (above) Pool Furnace, 
12 miles S. E. of Cassville, on the road to Canton, 15 miles from Canton. Is to 
have a hot blast after Christmas 1857. The cold air main is 50 yards long up hill. 
It has 2 wooden tubs, 4 x 3>i, 7 r. when water enough ; oftencr 4 to 6. Ore, 70 
per cent, black oxide, IJ^ m. N. west; mostly 60 per cent, hematite from Big bank, 
2 m. N. west. In 1854 blew from 1 Jan. to 17 Feb. ; 12 March to 5 May ; 13 July to 



114 



FXTRNACES. 



AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION. 



TABLE H— 



BITtTATIO;?. 



OWNERS ; P. 0. ADDRESS . LESSEES AND MANAGERS. 



225. Parrymount, 1. 

226. Parrymount, 2. 

227. Porter's. 

228. Paulina. 

229. White's. 



3 miles southeast of Graham's Porge. Abandoned in 18.32, and now quite gone. 

3 miles southeast of Graham's Forge. David Graham, of Graham's Forge P. 0. Abandoned in 1852. 

4 miles southwest of Wilkinson's, 224. Abandoned in 1849 or 1S50 and now in ruins. 

3 miles southwest of Brown's Forge. James Brown, Abingdon. Washed away. Stack standing. 

15 miles southwest of Saltville. Wm. & Newton White, Abingdon, owners. Stack gone. 



Wythe. 

Wtthe. 

Wythe. 

Washinoton. 

Washington. 



1800* 
1832 
1817—1827 
1827* 
18 



3. NOETH CAROLINA. 



230. Rehoboth. 

231. Madison. 

232. Vesuvius. 

233. Columbia. 

234. Tom's Creek. 

235. Buffalo Creek. 



8 miles E. S. E. of Lincolnton. 

6 miles east of Lincolnton. 
10 miles east of Lincolnton. 

7 miles west of High Shoals. 

on Tom's Creek, near Hill's Forge. 
On Buffalo Creek, near Buffalo Forge. 



F. M. Eeinhar4t & Co., owners. F. M. Eeinhardt, man. Lincolnton. Lincoln. 1814 

Jas. F. & R. D. Johnston, owners. J. F. Johnston, man. Lincolnton. Lincoln. 1809, '55 

A. F. & E. J. Brevard, owners and managers. Cottage Home P. 0. Lincoln. 1795, 1843* 

High Shoals Miu. and Man. Co. Thos. Darling, agent. Abandoned. Gaston. 18 

Disused since the great flood of 1830, and now entirely in ruins. Sukret. 18 

In use before the Revolution, but now in ruins. Cleveland. 17 



4. SOUTH CAROLINA. 



236. Hurricane. 

237. Cowpens. 

238. North Twin. 

239. South Twin. 

240. Cherokee. 
2tl. Ellen. 

242. Susan. 

243. King's Creek. 



7 miles E. N. E. of Spartanburg. 
14 miles N. N. E. of Spartanburg. 
26 miles N. E. of Spartanburg, i 
24 miles N. J*. W. of Yorkville. \ 

2X miles below Swedish I. W. 
2 miles up People's Creek. 
1 mile up People's Creek. 
4 miles up King's Creek. 



S. Carolina Manufacturing Co. Simpson Bobo, agent. Spartanburg. 
S. Carolina Manufacturing Co. Simpson Bobo, agent. Spartanburg. 
Swedish Iron Man. Co. A. M, Latham, manager. Cooperville P. 0. 
Swedish Iron Man. Co. A. M. Latham, manager. Cooperville P. 0. 

Cherokee Iron Man. Co. Out of repair for twenty years. 
Swedish Iron Man. Co. Out of repair for twenty years. 
Swedish Iron Man. Co. Out of repair for twenty years. 
King's Mountain Iron Co. M. M. IMontgomery, Cherokee Works. 



Spartanburg. 1834 

Spartanburg. 1807, 1834 

Spartanburg. 1841 

Spartanburg. 1837 



Spartanburg. 
Spartanburg. 
Union. 
York. 



1837 
1837 
1837 

18 



S. GEORGIA. 



244. Sequee. 3 miles S. Clarksville, on Sequee Creek. Built by Stroup. Abandoned 1837, and in ruins. Habersham. 

245. AUatoona. 2)^ miles north of Allatoona Station. T. F. Moore & D. R. Thomas. AUatoona P. 0. Cass. 

246. Etowah. 6 miles northeast of AUatoona station. Etowah Man. & Mining Co. M. A. Cooper, Pres't. T. M. Stocks, man. Cass. 

247. Pool. 10 miles E. by S. of Cartersville station. B. G. Pool & J. W. Lewis, Cartersville, owners. B. G. Pool, Etowah, m. Cass. 

248. Union. 9 miles E. by N. of Cartersville station. D. S. & A. M. Ford, owners. Cartersville P. 0. Cass. 

249. Lewis's. 10 miles E. by N. of Cartersville station. Dr. J. W. Lewis, Cartersville, own. Lewis &(T. A.) Jones, less. T.A.J., m. Cass. 

250. Cartersville. 2)4 miles north of Cartersville station. Hen. Milner & Arn'd Milner's heirs. Wm- Milner, exec'r. H. M., man. Cass. 

251. Clear Creek. 12 miles east of La Fayette. Wm. N. Bishop, Tunnel Hill P. 0., Whitefleld Co. Walker. 



1832*orearlj«r. 
1844 
1844 
1855 

1832 
1847* 
1852 
1852,* 1857 



6. ALABAMA. 



2.52. Round Mountain. 5 miles north of Centre Sam. P. L. Marshall, own. & man. Blue Pond P. 0., CherokeeCo., Ala. Cherokee. 1852 

253. Polksville. 7 miles west of Alexandria. Goode, Morris & Co., owners. Morrisville P. 0., Benton Co., Ala. Benton. 1843, 1857 

234. Shelby. 6 miles S. of Columbiana R. R. station. Horace Ware, Columbiana, owner. Clabaugh & Poole, lessees. Shelby. 1849, 1855 

255. Russellville. A few miles west of Eussellville. Abandoned in 1827, and is now entirely in ruins. Franklin. 1818 



7. EAST TENNESSEE, E. OF THE E. R. 



256. 
257. 
258. 
259. 
260. 

261. 
262. 
263. 
264. 
265. 

266. 
267. 
268. 
269. 
270. 

271. 
272. 
273. 
274. 
276. 



Independent. 
Amanda. 
Franklin. 
Holston. 
Old furnace. 

Old furnace. 

Union. 

Evelina. 

Aerial. 

O'Brien's. 



1)^ mile above Ward's Forge. 
}4 mile above Franklin Furnace. 
12 miles northwest of Elizabethton. 
6 miles south of Bristol E. R. station. 
Close to lower Beaver Creek Forge. 

Close to upper Beaver Creek Forge. 
8 miles E. N. E. of Elizabethton. 
X mile southeast of Union Furnace. 
IX miles west of Union Furnace. 
5 miles east of Elizabethton. 

White's. 18 miles southwest of Elizabethton. 

Little Troublesome. 

Rockbridge. 2 miles north of Farm Hall Forge. 

Pleasant Valley. 8 miles southwest of Jonesborough. 
Clark's Creek. 4* miles from Pleasant Valley Furn. 

Bright Hope. IS* miles west of Cleek's Forge. 

Legion. 12 miles east of Newport. 

Love's. 16 miles east of Sevierville. 

Ball Play. 12 miles east of Madisonville. 

Tellico. 12 miles southeast of Madisonville. 



Owned by the Carters of Elizabethton. Abandoned between 1845 & '47. Johnson. 18 

Geo. Bushong built it, toreitdownafter the first blast and built Franklin. Sullivan. 1837 

Wm. Bushong, owner. Holston Valley P. 0.. Sullivan Co., Tenn. Sullivan. 1838 

Welcker & Patton, ow'rs (for'y W. Biedelman & Co.) S. K. N. & J. A. Sullivan. 18 

Abandoned in 1837 and only the stack remaining. [Patton, man. Sullivan. 

Abandoned long ago and nearly disappeared. Sullivan. 

Carter & Co., owners. Elizabethton P. 0., Carter Co., Tenn. Carter. 1847, 1855 ' 

Alfred M. Carter, original owner ; torn down in 1847. Carter. 1835 

Alfred M. Carter, original owner ; torn down in 1847. Carter. 1818 

Jas. & Jos. O'Brien, original owners ; abandoned after two years' trial. Carter. 1836, 

Abandoned some time between the years 1845 and 1847. Carter. 1810* 

Abandoned and torn downSibout the year 1842. Carter. 1839 

Owned by the Carters of Elizabethton ; abandoned 1845 ; a ruined stack. Carter. 1840* 

Robt. L. Blair, Bros, and others. Cox's Store P. 0. John L. Blair, m. Washington. 18 

Robt. L. Blair, Bros, and others, owners. Out of blast since 1844. Washington. 18 

John Shields, original owner ; washed away before 1837 ; ruins. Greene. 1807* 

Abandoned about the year 1827, and all gone but the stack. Cocke. 1807* 

Wm. & Jos. Love built it ; Andrew Smith & Co. abandoned it 1852.* Sevier. 1837? 

Glenn &, Hall, owners ; address Ball Play P. O., Monroe Co., Tenn. Monroe. 1851 

Tellico Manuf. Co. Elisha Johnson, pres. & man. Tellico Plains P. 0. Monroe. 1840 



8. EAST TENNESSEE, W. OF THE R. R. 



276. Cumberland Gap. 12 miles north of Tazewell. 

277. Belleville. 12 miles northeast of Tazewell. 

278. Speedwell. 12 miles northeast of Jacksborough. 

279. Sharp's. 



280. Miller's. 

281. Eagle, No. 1. 

282. Eagle, No. 2. 

283. Piney Grove. 

284. Bluff. 



S^ miles west of Maynardsville. 
16 miles west of Kingston. 
Close to Eagle, No. 1. 
3 miles northwest of Eagle, No. 1. 
In Chattanooga, on th^iver. 



Geo. G. Newlee, owner. Hiram Heller, man. Cumberland Gap P. 0. Claiborne. 

Reuben Rose, Tazewell, Geo. W. Rose, Cumberland Gap P. 0. Claiborne. 

Built after Speedwell Forge and abandoned about 1830. Campbell. 

Abandoned 1845.* Granger. 

Lewis Miller (L. Miller & W. Longmire, 1857), own. Ley's X Roads P.O. Union. 

East Tennessee Iron Manufac. Co. R. Cravens, agent. Out of blast. Roane. 

R. Craven, owner. Chattanooga, Hamilton Co., Tenn. Aband. 1845.* Roane. 

Abandoned 1828. Eoane. 

East Tennessee Iron Manufac. Co. E. Cravens, agent. Chattanooga. Hamilton. 



18 

1823 

1815* 



1837* 

1839 

1844* 

1823 

1854 



Continued on pp. 118, 119. 

* Estimated but not far from the truth. 

? Doubtful, from whatever cause, and not to be relied on. 

Note. — The Furnaces of the West will follow immediately. The present numbering belongs exclusively to Charcoal, Coke, and Raw Coal Blast Furnaces. 
Anthracite Furnaces, as well as Eolling Mills and Forges, have their own set of numbers ; see preceding tables. Whole number of Iron Works tabulated, about 
1,450. 



115 



CONTINUED. 



OFFICE 141 S. EIGHTH ST., PHILADELPHIA. 



April 1, 1858. 



S-' i,^ S-2 >^'^<io6 

is -si Sg |»8p.^.s. 





KIND. 






BLAST. 




















' 


. 


. 
















of 


of 


of 




3 


't^ a 


ore. 


power. 


iron. 


3 c 


g 2 


^ s 



PRODUCTION. 



1819. 



1854. 



1855. 



1856. 



Wks. 



Wks. 



Wks. 



i85r. 



Wks. 



225. Parry Mt., 1 

226. Parry Mt., 2 

227. Porter's 

228. Paulina 9 30 1.5 

229. White's 



H. Water 



i 


cold . . 



aband. long ago and entirely gone, 
abandoned lately and dilapidated, 
abandoned and is now in ruins, 
washed away, stack still standing, 
aband. long ago and entirely gone. 



3. NORTH CAROLINA. 



13,678>^ 13,955K 12,601 



230. Rehoboth 

231. Madison 

232. Vesuvius 

233. Columbia 

234. Tom's Creek 

235. Buffalo Crk. 



34 1.7 
30 1.8 
30 1.7 



,,9 
„10 
„10 



M. Water 

M. Water 

M. Water 

M. Water 



1 ,,2)^ cold 
1 „2}4 cold 
1 ,,2'yi cold 



..0 ..0 200 IS 

..0 ■■ 4 

ISO 20 180 20 250 20 

is now in ruins but to be rebuilt, 
destroyed by the flood of '50, in ruins 
destroyed long ago, not in existence. 



200 18 



4. SOUTH CAROLINA. 



180 



450 



236. Hurricane 7 40 2.5 

237. Cowpens 7 30 3.0 
2.38. North Twin 9 36 2.0 

239. South Twin 9]^ 36 1.7 

240. Cherokee 

241. Ellen 9 

242. Susan 9 

243. King's Creek .. 



28 
34 



2.3 
2.0 



„10 
„10 
„16 
1,16 



,10 
„10 



H. Water 

H. Water 

H. M. Water 

H. M. Water 



H. M. Water 
H. M. Water 



1 ,,2K cold 

1 ,,21^ cold 

1 „2 cold 

1 ,,2 cold 

i „h.]4 cold 

1 „2>J cold 



230? 


2.30* 28 


230* 28 


230 


28 


460? 


460* 35 


460* 35 


460 


35 




470* 28 


476 28 









470* 28 


474* 28 


816 


48 



abandoned more than twenty years. 
..0 ..0 ..0 

..0 ..0 ..0 

probably abandoned forever. 



5. GEORGIA. 



1,630* 



1,640* 



1,5C6 



244. ^equee 

245. Allatoona 7 

246. Etowah S 

247. Pool 8 



30 2.0 0„10„10i 
30 2.0 .. „9 .. 
33 1.8 .. „10 .. 



H. 
H. 
H. 



Water i. ii. in. 1 ,,2^^ 300° 
Water i. n „2Ji cold 

Water .. 1 ,,2 cold 



248. Union 7)4 30 1.5 .. „10 

249. Lewis's 7)4 26 1.7 ..,,10 

250. Cartersville 7^ 32 1.7 ..,,10 

251. Clear Creek 8 24 1.6 ..,,10 



H. Water i. 

H. Water 

H. Water 

F. Water 



1 ,,2;.( cold 

1 „V/i cold 

21 „2 cold 

1 „2«^ cold 



aband. long ago and now in rains. 
500* 30? 500* 30? 375'x,22 

711 44* 72.514 2 7791.J44* 

.. ■ 40?' 2 316 15 



730? 38 
450? 35?. 
.. 
50? 4? 



600? 31 536 23i 

450? 35? '400* 30* 

300* 13* 400* 17* 

237* 13 . . 



6. ALABAMA. 

252. Round Mt'n. 7% 32 2.5 ,,9 ,,9 

253. Polkville 7 32 2.0 ,.9 „9i 

254. Shelby '8 "29 2.0 1.5 „12 „9i 

255. Russellville 

7. TENNESSEE, E. OF THE R. R. 

iljb. Independent 

257. Amanda 

258. Franklin '8 33 2.0 .. ,,9 .. 

259. Holston 8]4 .32 2.1 .. ,,10* .. 

260. Old furnace 

261. Old furnace 

262. Union S 30 2.5 .. „10* .. 

263. Evelina 

264. Aerial 

265. O'Brien's 

266. White's 

267. L. Trouble 

268. Rockbridge 

269. Pleas. Valley 8 28 3.0 .. „6 .. 

270. Clark's Crk 

27i: Bright Hope 

272. Legion 

273. Love's 

274. Ball Play 7^ 32 2.5 .. „6 

275. Tellico 9 35 1.7 4 ,,8J ,,9i 



2,241 



2,852}^ 



2,806X 



F. Steam i. 

H. Water i. 11. 1 „2]4 500° 

H. Steam 1. 11. m. n ,,3 450° 



500? 39* 250? 22 180* 17 

4,50* 41* 350* 35* 330* .30* 

213)^12 230 14 965>ii35 

abandoned and is now in ruins. 



1,163J 



830 



1,495}^ 



H. Water .. 1 ,,2 cold weak .. 

H. Water i. 11. 1 ,,2^ "old .. 1,600 



H. Water i. 1 „2]4 cold . . 



H. Water 11. ni. 2 ,,2}^ cold .. 



H. Water . . H „2% cold 

H. Water . . 2 ,,214 400= 



abandoned about ten years ago. 

torn down before Franklin was built. 

170? 17 210? 21 170? 17 

..0 266 24 232 23 

abandoned twenty years ago; ruins. 

abandoned thirty yr's ago ; stand'g. 
400? 26? 300? 15? 350? 19? 

torn down about ten years ago. 
torn down about ten years ago. 
abandoned and now out of repair. 



abandoned 
torn down 
abandoned 
190* 13* 
abandoned ; 



about ten 
fifteen 

ten years 
190* 30* 
stack in 



years ago. 

years ago. 

ago ; ruin. 

220* 17* 

good order. 



washed away twenty y'rs ago; ruin. 

abandoned thirty years ago ; stands. 

abandoned lately ; still standing. 
135? 8? ..0? .. 0' 

6.50? 39? 530? 39? 110? 8 



8. EAST TENNESSEE, W. OF THE R. R. 

276. Cumb'd. Gap 10 28 3.0 ..,,12 . 

277. Belleville 9 32 1.9 .. ,,5i .. 

278. Speedwell 

279. Sharp's 

280. Miller's 7 29 3? ..,,10,10 

281. Eagle, No. 1 '»8 =a33 1.9 3J „10 ,,10 

282. Eagle, No. 2 4 20 1.5 

283. Piney Grove 

284. Bluff lOJ^ 40 4.0 5. „10 „10 



1,445 



1,516 



1,082 



F, Water .. 1 ,,2i^ cold .. 2,000 

F. Water 11. in. 1 ,,3 cold . . water 



F. Water 11 in. 1 ,,2 hot . . ? 

F. S. &W. .. n ,,21^ 400= J.ilb. 1,300 



Steam 



3,,2J^ 400° %lb. 800 




with forgf 
a dozen 



4U0* 22* 



110 8 

.. 

long ago. 

years ago. 

12 2 
50* 



400* 17* 

aband. as soon as made, still stand'g. 
abandoned long ago. 

..0 -.0 172*13* 



625 



490 



344 



TOTAL PRODUCTION of cast iron \ ^°"'^ of the Potomac River and J 
( east of the Allegheny Mountains j 



23,463 



Decrease 
Decrease 



22,764 
699 



1,519 
Continued on pp, 118, 119. 



116 



24 Dec, making only pig metal. In 1855, 2 Feb. to 11 March ; 25 March to 16 May ; 
1 June to 4 Aug. ; 27 Oct. to 27 Dec. ; making 23 ? tons of castings, 567* pig. In 

1856, 27 Feb. to 20 Mar. ; 10 Apr. to 4 July ; 3 Nov. to 31 Dec. ; making 40 ? tons 
castings and 496 pig, averaging 3}^ tons a day. Pig mostly gray, for Etowah 
Rolling Mill ; some elsewhere from Cincinnati to Augusta, Ga. (B. S. L.) 

249. LEWIS' Furnace. — On Stamp Creek, 1 mile N. N. E. above Union Furnace ; 
has 2 wooden tubs 4 x 4, 4 ? r. Ore, 60 per cent., from Us own Big bank, 2 miles 
N. west ; 75 per cent (?) from Peach-Tree bank, 2 m. west. Sells casting around ; 
pig goes to Etowah Polling Mill. (B. S. L.) 

250. CARTERSVILLE Furnace.— On Pettit's Creek. 6 miles S. of Cassville. 
Made less iron in 18.55 tirst blast with 9 ft. bosh. Uses but one of the arches for 
tuyere. Has 2 wooden tubs 5 x 5, 2 r. (in low water 1}4). Will have a hot blast 
next blast (Sept. 1S57). Oven will be 6 ft. high, 2^ x 2>^, with 12 syphons 4 ft. 
by 9 in., and 4 boxes at the pipe ends 10 in. square, 2 of them 4 ft., 2 of them 5 ft. 
long. Have used one hearth nearly 3 years by patching. Has made a ton of iron 
■\vith 125 bush, charcoal (2,700 inches struck or 2,500 round measure, [average 
"about 155 bush." H. Milner.]) Ore, 56 per cent , from Foster's b., 3 m. N. E. ; 
FuUmore's b., 3 m. N. E. ; Giton's b., cold short, abandoned, 234 m. N. E. ; Mil- 
uer's b., 2^ east. Blew in 1855 ; averaged 96 tons a month for "60 odd days in 

1857, with plenty of water ; should make 4 tons a day. Makes only pig for Georgia, 
Alab., Tenn. • 

231. CLEAR CREEK Furnace. — On Clear Creek, a branch of the Armuchy, 5 
miles E. of its mouth, 12 miles E. of Lafayette, 14 m. west of Resaca, built by A. J. 
Stroup, rebuilt by the present owner, was hot blast. " Pressure of lilast= 8 horse 
steam power." Cold air pipe 4J^ feet long. Has 2 wooden tubs 3}^ x IJi. Ore, 50 
percent by analysis, /o^Si'Zi/ecoii^Aom Taylor's ridge, 6 m. west; also hematite, 
65 per cent., from Snake Creek banks, 8 miles east ; also 30 per cent, gravel ore, 
IX m. south. In 1855 made about 232 tons of pig and 5 tons hollow ware. The 
pig was sent to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 

VI. ALABAMA. 

252. ROUND MOUNTAIN Furnace.— 3^ mile from Coosa River, 5 miles S. W. of 
Cedar Bluif. Has 2 iron blowing cylinders, 3 feet diameter, 4 feet stroke, 17 revo- 
lutions, though blast has been very irregular since erection of furnace. Will soon 
run a hot blast with oven on top containing 9 ring and 1 straight pipe — the latter 
4X ft. long X 6 inch diameter. Ore dye-stone 40 p. c* from 200 yards W. of fur- 
nace. (B. S. L.) 

253. 'POLKVILLE Furnace. — On Cane Creek, 5 miles east of Coosa River, oppo- 
site the Ten Islands, and 13 miles W. S. W. of Jacksonville. Has two wooden 
tubs 4)/^ X 4 feet stroke, 6 revolutions per minute ; good water power through the 
entire year. Hot blast removed in winter of 1836-7 ; to be replaced in fall of 1837. 
Ore, }i brown hematite and >i honeycomb (43 to 45 percent.) from Chalybeate 
Springs bank 2 miles north of furnace, and from six other openings in the same 
neigliborhood. Makes No. I. II. gray foundry iron for Montgomery, Mobile and 
New Orleans markets, arid castings for home market. 

234. SHELBY Fni-nace. — 7 miles west of Coosa River, 17 miles E. of Montevallo, 
62 miles N. of Montgomery, 55 m. N. of Wetumpka, on the line of one of the con- 
templated routes for the Alabama Central R. R. Has two wooden cylinders 3>^ 
diam. x 3)4 stroke, 8 revolutions. Ore, fibrous brown hematite, from a ridge 1 
mile long by }{ mile wide, extending northwestwardly from furnace ; present 
opening 300 yards N. of furnace; old opening half mile north. The whole surface 
of ridge is covered with ore averaging 50 per cent. (Specimens may be seen at 
office of Association.) Sends metal to Selma, Montgomery, Mobile, New Orleans 
and Columbus, Ga. The furnace has averaged from 23 May to 25 September 1857, 
4;4 to 5 tons per day. In 1854 made (hot) 68,282 lbs. pig. No. 1 ; 6,000 lbs. scrap ; 
19,500 lbs. forge pig No. 1 ; 13,000 lbs. No. 2; 3,000 lbs. scrap ; 4,895 lbs. of ma- 
chinery and hollow ware ; (cold) 124,310 lbs. pig No. 1, 103,100 lbs. No. 2, 132,900 
scrap, 846 forge scrap. In 1855 tried to put in a hot blast without success. In 1836 
made 965 J^ tons foundry iron. 

23= For sale ; Furnace with $5,000 worth of equipage and 600 acres of arable 
timber land, including the above ore ridge and another good one with beds of 
limestone (the one now used is 3>^ m. N. E.) and water power (3)4 m. S. E. of the 
furnace). Camp Branch and Valley Forges, and 170 acres ; and 140 acres of coal 
land near the latter, and the Alabama Coal Co.'s R. R. — for $80,000 cash (or $10,000 
cash and 90,000 in six annual payments ; or $10,000 and an agreement to put up a 
rolling mill for .$25,000, run it 3 years and pay the difference between the iron 
made and the ordinary English and American iron) or otherwise. Mr. Ware would 
agree to make a 5 mile road to tlie Columbiana Station, to haul 2 tons a day the 
horse, for $600. Bituminous coal can be delivered at the furnace at $1 25 per ton. 
Charcoal costs 3 c. a bushel. The works are at the southern extremity of the coal 
field. An unlimited market for bar iron exists. The present price is 7-8 c. per 
lb. The country is a summer resort. • 

235. A Furnace in Franklin Co., a few miles west of Russellville was built 1S18*, 
abandoned 1827*, and is all in ruins. 

VII. EAST TENNESSEE. 

256. INDEPENDENCE? Furnace.— On Vaught's Creek. 

257. AMANDA Farnace.— On Little Sinking Creek. 

258 FRANKLIN Furnace.— On Big Sinking Creek, 2 miles S. W. of Paperville, 
4X miles S. E. of Bristol, 12 miles, across mountain, N. W. of Elizabethtown. Has 
one wooden tub 45^ diam. x 4* stroke, 4 J^? revolutions. Ore % Sharp's bank, 5 
miles north, and X Crockett's bank, 4 miles north ; mixture yields 61* per cent. 
Makes pig metal for forges 2 miles below; castings for Abingdon ; hollow ware and 
railway chairs. Furnace blew in 1854 three blasts, of 46, 51, and 20 days each. 
In 1833 two blasts of 10>^ weeks each. In 1856 one blast from 1st September to 24 
December. 

For sale : One-half of Sharp's ore bank, with 4,230 acres of mountain land oppo- 
site River Bend Forges : price $13,000. Or the foregoing and Furnace and farm of 
1,000 acres : price $30,000. » 

259. HOLSTON or WELCKER'S Furnace.— On the north bank of the Holston 
in a bend at the head of flat-boat navigation, 120 m- above Knoxvjlle, 18 miles 
S. W. of Abingdon, Va., and 3 m, S. E. from E. Tenn. audVa. R R. line. Hitherto 
the river has been the only avenue to market. Has 1 tub (aud a regulator) 
4,, 8 X 4„6, 10 to 12 r., driven by 12 ft. breast wheel, 8 ft. in the bucket, with a fall 
of 6>^ ft. River 73 yards wide ; dam 2 X't- high. Ore, hard solid, red hematite, 
70 p. c , from Sharp's bank 6 m. N E. 4 to 6 ft. tbick, wrought 50 or 60 years (see 
Sa£ford"s Report, Tenn. 1856). Sometimes ore from Crockett's bank, 3X"m. N. E.; 
" an extensive ridge of red earth with numerous small blocks of solid hematite 
scattered through it ;" other appearances of ore within 5 miles. Iron made, gray 
foundry pig, and high "Keen" bar iron, sent to Louisville and Cincinnati for 
boiler plate 1834. 

JTj'I'or sale at the end of 1857, "Furnace, saw-mill and otlier buildings, 6 acres 



of bottom land, 5 to 6,000 choice timber land, immediately opposite, on the south 
bank, and running to the top of the Holston Mtn., covered with hickory, beech, 
mountain oak, white oak, yellow pine ; with considerable maple, black walnut, 
poplar, white pine, &c." (S. K. N. Patton, correspondent.) 
260. Two old furnaces on Beaver Creek. 

262. UNION Furnace. — So called from the union of Evelina and iErial Furnaces, 
on Stony Creek, 5 miles above its junction with Watauga River, and Smiles E. N. 
E. of Elizabethtown, which is 6 miles S. E. of the junction of Doe and Watauga 
Rivers. Has one tub 5^ diam. x 4}^ stroke, 10 revolutions (1x1); in course of 
erection a blowing apparatus with 2 tubs, 5>^ x 2)i stroke. Ore from Grindstaff 
bank )^ mile S. E. Canaan bank (red hem.) 1 mile N. W. , and Hodge bank (bro. 
hem.) 4 miles east, and several smaller banks have been opened but the ore is not 
used at furnace. "The ore used is from 30-40 feet thick, and is covered with 5-15 
feet red clay ; it is hauled 75 yds. to wash and yields thus 40* per ct. Makes pig 
for Knoxville, and supplies Lower Carter and Elizabethtown forges ; also makes 
castings in foundry ; in 1856 made 150 tons railway chairs. Metal good for car 

263. EVELINA Furnace.— On a small branch. [wheels. 

264. AERIAL Furnace. — On a small branch. 

265. OBRIEN'S Furnace —On Doe River. 

266. WHITE'S Furnace.— In Greasy Cove, 18 m. S. E. of Joneshoro', 10 m. E. of 

268. ROCKBRIDGE Furnace.— On Little Stony Creek. [Pleasant Val. Furn. 

269. PLEASANT VALLEY Furnace.— On the Molichucky River, south side of 
main Tennessee Valley, has 2 tubs, 6 ft. diam. x 10 inches stroke. Ore, hematite, 
2)4 ni. S. S. W. ()i mile by wagon and 2 by boat), costing 60 to 65 c, per ton at the 
furnace. Iron ore runs from the furnace southwestward, into the month of a 
cove, two miles wide, and the mountains on each side have much ore. Furnace 
uses but one arch, and is only run to keep the bar mills and nail factory going. 
About 13 tons each year were castings. " The R. R. will be completed to the point 
opposite the establishment in June next (1857), when a new era in our operations 
will be required. Hitherto domestic consumption was their limit." (J. Blair, 
corres.) 

270. CLARK'S CREEK Furnace.— Within 4 miles of Pleasant Valley Works ; 
has never been used by its proprietors, R. N. L. Blair & Bros. (lOJ/^ shares) and 
John H. McHeni-y's heirs (1 share) and Saml. A. Lyle's heirs [i stare), and is 
dilapidated, but the stack is good. 

271. BRIGHT HOPE Furnace. — There remains a cupola furnace still in use. 

272. LEGION Furnace.— On the head-waters of Meadow Creek, 12* m. N. W. of 
Paint Rock. Ore, hematite and honey-comb, from Cook bank, 4 m. north ; Meadow 
Creek bank 4 m. south, and other smaller ones. 

273. LOVE'S Furnace.— On the Little East Fork of Little Pigeon. 

274. BALL PLAY Furnace.— On Ball Play Creek, 10 miles N. E. of Tellico Fur- 
nace, 28 m. S. S. W. of Amerine's Forge ; has 2 tubs 5 x 3, ,9 stroke. Ore, 30 per 
cent. , 1 m. west in the butt of the Harland Mtn. Made some castings in 1854 for 
home consumption ; sent pig to Cincinnati. Its product is unknown, certainly 92 
tons in 31 days, besides 10* tons casting. Idle since 1854. 

275. TELLICO Furnace. — On Tellico River at the upper end of the Plains, 10 
miles S. W. of Ball Play Furnace, 30 m. N. of Ducktown, 22 rri. S. E. of Athens, 
the nearest railroad station ; has 2 tubs 5 x 4, 4? r. (1 x 1). Ore, brown hematite, 
from 12 banks, the principal one 2 m. S. W., and the rest between it and the stack ; 
45 per cent., some .50 in the bloomery, and 60 in the furnace. Make some castings 
for home market ; refine the pig in the forge, and send it to Cincinnati and Louis- 
ville, St. Louis, Montgomery, Mobile. &c. Furnace was run from 1851 March 1, 
to 1856 March 1, by Welch, Harris & Co., of Bellefont, Pa Has made nothing since. 

276. CUMBERLAND GAP Furnace.— At the extreme southwestern point of 
Virginia, 116 miles W. of Abingdon, 60 miles N. N. E. of Knoxville, in the main 
pass of the Cumberland Mts., 3 m. N. of Powel's River, a branch of Clinch River. 
It has 2 tubs 6x4^ stroke, driven by 3 cams in the barlin to each tub, the wheel 
revolving 3 times per minute. Ore, fossil (For. V.), 300 yards from the furnace, 
extending along the mountain in a ledge, .30 inches thick. " Five miles north are 
inexhaustible yields of bituminous coal." The charcoaling grounds are }^ to 1% 
miles distant and furnish any desirable qnantity. The furnace has been in blast 
but 36 weeks in 3 years. 1854, made 23 tons of hollow-ware, 150 pig. 1833, 15, 75. 
1856, 10,100. 

277. BELLEVILLE Furnace.- On Indian Creek, 5 m. E. of Cumberland Gap, 30 
m. W. of Jonesville, 1 m. S. of State line ; has a water blast with 2 tubes 9 in. 
sq. in the clear, and the funnels 7^- in. square. Chest 8 ft. x 4^ ft. x 3^ feet deep 
and a middle horizontal partition. Will have 3 tubes. Ore, "dyestone" (soft, 
fosslliferous No. V., upper Silurian), 4 m. E. to 4 m. W. N. W., a length of outcrop 
8 miles, openings all along. Cast one-fourth of the pig at home ; send the rest to 
the forge and down the river. Ran about 2 months in 1853. Have made in 1857 
about 400 tons in 103 days, but will make no more this year (Nov. 9, '57). Water 
always plenty. 

380. MILLER'S Furnace.— On Buffalo Creek, >^ m. S. E of Ley's X Roads, 17i 
m. E. of Jacksborough, 16J m N. E. of Clinton. Has in the oven 7 ring pipes, 10 
in. X 3 feet, outside diameter. Has 2 wood, single acting tubs 2% x 3 ft. stroke, 
driven by water, but intend to use steam. Ore, dyestone (For. V.), 2 miles and i 
m. east, i, I and 2 m. south. Make castings for home market and some pig for 
down tlie river to Knoxville, Athens, Vicksburg, &c. 

281. EAGLE Furnace No. 1. — On White's Creek, H m. N. of its mouth opposite 
Jackson Ferry and White's Creek shoals, 30 m. W. of Loudon, 22 m. W. of Sweet 
Water, nearest railroad station. 60 m. by steamboat from the Nashville R. R. at 
Chattanooga with Memphis connections ; has lately added steam power (16 in. cyl- 
inder) blowing one tub 42 in. x 4j (5?) ft. stroke, 14 r. loose Ore, 60 per cent., 
dyestone or fossil No. V , inexhaustible, in bed running along the south side of the 
Tennessee, N. E. and S. W., and varying from 16 to 20 inches [feet in the report] 
with a dip of 30° to the S. E., 2 miles from the ore- Stonecoal is within I3 miles, 
on tlie top of the mountain. A block ore bed yielding about 30 per cent, very soft 
iron runs within a fourth of a mile. (R. Cravan, Agt., corres. Chattanooga.) Pro- 
duction with a tunnel-head of 22 inch, 4 tons a day ; the narrow tuunel-head was 
best with a weak blast. Gas flue has been shifted at times from the top to 6 or 7 
feet down, and is 20 inch, square. The oven has six goose-necks. The old water 
power was 15 feet head, against a breast well. Jackson's Ferry ore, 4 m. E. aver- 
ages 50 per cent., and 65 after roasting, SO by analysis. Vein from 20 to 24 inches. 
At first the furnace made nearly all castings. In 1854, .3.50 tons pig, 100 castings. 
1855, 300* pig, 100 castings. Market Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans; of late, 
half is sold about home. (B. S. L.) 

282. EAGLE Furnace No. 2.— On White's Creek, close by No. 1 ; built by R. 
Cravens, in 1S44, of brick, for an experiment and stood about a year, and ran 5 



S^^ FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE MEMBERS. 

117 



or 6 weeks, Siie, 4 x 20 x l>f feet. Blast, 1 tuyere 1| nozzle, half It. pressure, 4 
inth cold pipe, blowing cold, and made 1 to l>if tons a day of very poor iron ; by 
special care iron was made good enough for skillets, pots, &c. It needed frequent 
small charges. 

283. (PINET GROVE Furnace.— In Roane Co., on White's Creek, close by Turn- 
pike Forge, 3 m. N. W. of Eagle Furnace. Built 1S23, abandoned 1828.) 

284. BLUFF Furnace. — On bank of Tennessee River, under bluff in Chattanooga, 
J mile north from railway station, 38 miles, by railway, N. W. of Daiton. Has 
two iron cylinders 4J diam., 5 feet stroke, 6 revolutions, with half lb. pressure 
(can be forced to 14) ; to each tub is a steam cylinder 16 in. diam., with direct 
action ; iron receiver made of 3-16 in. plate, 3 ft. diam., 50 feet long. A thimble of 
7 feet in depth is set into the top of stack. Gas ilue 2 feet square. Chimney, 15 
feet high, 4 feet square inside. Oven contains 10 ring pipes 3 feet inside 5 feet out. 
diam. — one ring resting on another by 3 or 4 legs. Inclined plane from boats 
to tunnel-head. Made in 1856, about 150 tons pig and 22 tons scrap. Ore, fossil or 
dyestone (is used for Spanish brown dye when ground) from Jackson's bank, 60 
miles up the river, near dividing line of Roane and Meigs Counties, 3 miles S. of 
Eagle Furnace ; av. yield 50* per cent., costs 20 c. a ton to raise it, 30 c. to haul it 
into boats on river ; is then boated 60 miles and costs, delivered at furnace, $1 50 
per ton. Makes pig metal only for Louisville, Cincinnati and home m arkets. ' ' The 
bituminous coal of the Raccoon Mines, now leased and worked by the Etna Mining 
Company, can be brought to furnace by railway; it is excellent for coke, and 
some thoughts are entertained of turning the present furnace into a coke furnace. ' ' 

WESTERN MARYLAND. 

285. LENA Furnace. — On the line of the Mt. Savage R. E. ; has two double 
acting cylinders ,,32 x 4 ft. ; oven on top. Has not been blown for 6 years ; ma- 
chinery removed, except the cylinders and one or two wheels. Used charcoal at 
first, then coke, and now coal (the last delivered at the furnace for $1 25 per ton. 
May 6, 1857). Ore within sight. The Mt. Savage Furnace gets ore from a bank 2 or 
3 miles off, once owned by Lena, Another opening of fossil ore (For. V.) is 3 miles 
north of the furnace. A lime-kiln burning No. VI. lime stands within 300 yards of 
the furnace ; charcoal abundant. There are 3 acres of land attached to it within the 
corporation limits, and it owns a right of way for a switch into the Penna. and Md. 
R. R. of 300 yds. 

SCJ= The property is for sale " cheap." (Spring of 1857.) 

286. 287, 288. MOUNT SAVAGE Furnaces, No. 1, 2, 3,— Stand in the midst of the 
Frostburg Coal Basin, and are connected with the Bait, and Ohio R. R. at Cumber- 
land by a branch road 11 miles long. They have two steam blowing engines of 
100 and 300 horse power, the tab of the low pressure condensing engine being 10^ 
feet diameter by 10 feet stroke. The two tubs of the high pressure engine are 0'* 
iron, 60 inches diam. x 8i feet stroke, 13 commonly 14 I'evolutions per minute 
(18 X 12). The cold pipe mains are 3 feet diam., aud the mother pipe thence to the 
oven 16 inches, same as the hot pipe main. Internal diameter of hot tubes 4 inch. 

No. 1 averages 100 tons a week, and has not been out of blast for two years. 
(B. S. L., May 9, '57.) The iron is run into a refining furnace in the casting shed 
for railroad purposes. 

No. 2 has 2 blast tubs 10 feet by 14 stroke, but these works are seldom used, as 
it shares the blast of No. 1. It is to be made 10 feet high this year (1857), and 18 
ft. across the bosh, and 10 feet across tunnel-head. It averaged 105 tons a week 
previous-to Nov. 15, 1854, when it blew out. 

No. 3 is 55 ft. wide outside at base, 30 at top, has never been lined and probably 
never will be as two stacks are counted sufficient for the ore to be got in the neigh- 
borhood. Some fossil ore is brought from Cumberland, and from various openings 
from one to five miles around. The production of Mt. Savage No. 1, in 1854, was 
as follows : — 

Weeks ^'^'"' ^™ Coke Lime Coal for 

made. used. used. used. engine. 

March 2 77 170 252 86 160 

April 6 326 740 745 344 465} 

May 6 290} 606 664 306 330} 

Juno 4 287} 600 679 300 270} 

July 5 392 732 704 366 345} 

August 4 347} 740 6.56 370 311f 

September .... 4 316} 742 602 371 3.32 

October 5 434 979 794 490 408} 

November .... 4 216} 526 396 163 325} 

December . . . . fl 450 1,049 793 518 



43 3,167} 
January 3 239} 



6,884 6,085 3,314 



46 



289. LONACONING Furnace.— On the Bait, and Ohio R. R. ; bears the date 18.37, 
but there may have been a charcoal furnace on the site. Was run by C. E. Det- 
mold, of the New Jersey Zinc Co., now of New York City, for 8 or 9 years. Over- 
man, the estimable author of the Handbook on Iron, lived here at one time. He de- 
scribes the furnace on p. 175, as 15 feet bosh, 50 ft. square at the base and 25 at the 
top. Above the bosh it contracts 6} in. in the foot, and its dimensions and form, 
with the exception of the throat and hearth, are similar to those of Mt. Savage 
and the Great Western, Pa., a figure of which last is given on his page 176. He 
adds that Lonaconing was the first coke furnace that succeeded in America, and 
that nearly all those since built copied its form and size. Our tables will show 
how far this is a correct statement. The fxirnace has one double acting cyl. 5 x 8, 
12 revolutions; and ten small furnaces beside the stack for heating the blast; 
which at 3,770 ft. per minute required a steam power of 50 horses to supply. Ore 
used, hematite, called here "No. XII. ore," found in many places in the neighbor- 
hood, on the surface, in balls, averaging 60 per cent, iron, but giving out when 
followed. It was mixed with ore from an opening 3 or 4 miles from Cumberland. 
A "very rich" pure hematite, from 2 to 7 feet deep, was got from Pompey Smash, 
5 m. northeast of Lonaconing, in large quantities, there still remain on the ground 
probably 2,000 tons. The furnace had not been in blast for some years previous 
to Aug 4, 1854. Made up to Dec. 7, 793„3. Made from Dec. 3, 1855, to Dec. 1S56, 
1,SS0,,4 ; the last two weeks averaging 14 tons a day, of inferior quality using up 
stock. Between Aug. 1S51 and Dec. '55 made 447, ,12 shiny; 920,, 4 No. 1: 675, ,1 
No. 2; 700„10No. 3. 

299. VIRGINIA Furnace.— 6 m. N. N. E. of Kingwood; has 2 iron tubs, 4x7, 
2t revolutions. Water wheel 36 ft. diameter. Do not use half the blast. Ore 
chiefly "limestone carbonate;" on the opposite side of the ci'eek, also "hone ore" 
(argillaceous carbonate) and some little fossil (limestone) ore. All the ores of the 

* This symbol means round, dotible-ading. 



coal measures are near the furnace. Make principally a close gray forge iron, for 
Wheeling. Capacity 35 tons per week with limestone ore ; common average 28 tons, 
mixing limestone ore with those of poorer quality to improve the iron. Blew ia 
April 1, 1857. 

291. OLD VALLEY Furnace. — 3 miles north of Greenville Furnace, ColWell and 
Ocholtree, former owners and builders ; is in ruins ; no machinery ; out of blast 
since 1840. (L. Hagaus.) 

292. GREENVILLE Furnace.— 15 miles N. N. W. of Virginia Furnace; was built 
say 40 years ago, and has not been in blast since 1847, and never will be unless 
sold. The stack is not ruined, nor the machinery removed. Ore is abundant. 
It has two single acting blast tubs. (Lucien Hagaus.) 

293. DAVIS Furnace. — 1 mile N, west of Henry Clay Furnace ; is in ruins. Has 
not been wrought for 25 years. (J. B. R., Jun.) 

294. HENRY CLAY Furnace.— On Tom Quarry Run and on the Pridevale Iron 
Co.'s lands, "3 miles from the river, and connected with the forge and rolling 
mill by a railroad of an easy grade;" has not been in blast for 10 or 12 years ; the 
machinery is gone and the furnace stack out of repair; "it will cost from 7 to 
$10,000 to put it in running order to turn out 50 tons charcoal metal per week," 
(Report, p, 3.) 

295. WOODGROVE Furnace. — Built originally by Mr. Jackson, on the road to 
Uniontown, within 1} miles of the State line, and on the Pridevale Iron Co.'s 
lands, is blown by water 9 months of the year; has two double acting iron cyl. 
3 X 5, 45 revolutions, oven on top. Ore " blue lump" (coal measure carbonate), 3 
m. N. east, 45 to 48 per cent, (hematized). Capacity 30 tons a week. Blew two 
months in 18-56, and made by one estimate 220 tons ; by Mr. Perry's estimate of 11 
or 12 tons a week, 100 tons. Mr. Adams's charge is 6 cwt. ore, 18 bush, charcoal, 
35 lbs. limestone. (May 15, 1857.) " Is in good order, with capacity to turn out 4 
tons charcoal metal every 24 hours." (Report, p. 2.) Owned by Baldwin and 
Cheney; is in blast at present. (Mr. Sterling, March 1858.) 

296. ANNA Furnace (once Mars). — On the right bank of Cheat River, and on the 
Pridevale Iron Co.'s lands ; was built by EUicott, of Baltimore, and had its name 
changed about 18.53. Has two double acting iron cyl. 3} x 5J, 25 revolutions (21 
of steam crank). Uses Marten bank ore 3 ra. southeast ("hematite" of the coal 
measures), like Woodgrove Furnace. Capacity 46, average 40 tons a week. Ran 
6 weeks in 18.54, and made some days less than one ton a day sometimes more, 
using coke, and burning out the stack. Blew in Dec. 7, 1855, and out Feb. 19, 1856, 
45} -f- 124} =170} tons, average 17 tons, with some poor stock of ore. Blew in Nov. 
9, 1856, out Jan. 31, 18.57, 271} + 181 = 452} tons, average 31 tons. May 14, 1857, 
the furnace now averages 40 tons a week, (D. I. P.) Iron goes to Pittsburg. Mr. 
Perry took charge in 1 856. — N. B. A forge and rolling mill, belonging to the Laurel 
Iron Co., at Pridevale, have not been used for about 8 years, and are now pretty 
much in ruins ; the machinery is to be sold and removed ; the train of rolls is gone ; 
14 or 15 nail machines remain and one common hammer. 

5n^ See Prof. Rogers' report on the Pridevale Property, published in Tenny's 
Mining Magazine. Mr. Perry has commenced the making of fire brick. 

297. VALLEY Furnace.— Built some 60 years ago, on Decker's Creek, 5 miles 
from Pridevale Ferry, has two wooden double acting cyl. 4 x 4.33, 3 to 4 revolu- 
tions (2} to 1 of water wheel). Made no iron for some years previous to 1866, in 
which year it was say only 4 months in blast, and only 3 in 1856, for want of 
water, making 5 or 6 tons a day, say 30 tons a week. Ore, Swisher bank, 1} m. 
south; Stratford bank, } m. east ; Deep Hollow bank, 1 m. south. Best railroad 
iron, boated from Morgantown to Pittsburg. (J. K.) (Another authority makes 
its production in 1855 not over 400 tons, and in 1856 not over 2.50 tons, averaging 
25 tons a week.) 

298. CLINTON Furnace.— On Bull's Creek, 4 m. south of Smithtown, 14 m. N. 
of Independence, was enlarged in 1856. Has two double acting iron cyl. 3 x 4, 12 
to 14 revolutions. Used in winter chiefly coke and in summer charcoal ; sometimes 
mix them, shall use charcoal hereafter exclusively. Ore, "Reed ore," hematite, 
2} m. north; formerly "block ore," from the Steele place 1} m. north; a third 
opening 2 m. southeast has not been mined ; all in the coal measures. Charcoal 
iron chiefly forge; coke iron chiefly foundry; market Wheeling. Average pro- 
duction with charcoal 6 tons a day ; not quite so much with coke (40 tons a week). 
Made early in 1855, 116} ; late 135 ; early in 1856, 50 tons ; middle, 23} ; late, 247} 
tons up to January 1, 1857. Bosh walls rise ,,12 to ,,9} battir. Hearth ,,20 x ,,24 
height 5 ft. ; under tuyeres ,,17i high, diameter ,,12. (B. N.) 

299. PINEY Furnace. — On Piney Run, half a mile above its mouth in Brickert's 
Creek, 2} miles from Winfield ; not in blast for about 14 months (May 15, 1857). 
Tunnel-head gone. Used one tuyere last blast. Has 2 double acting cyl. 2} x 4. 
Ore, "hematite" (coal measure), half mile north and south; "blue lump" (car- 
bonate, ball). Iron, gray foundry ; market Wheeling where M. & Co. had a foun- 
dry ; iron much used for wire. Capacity 2 or 3 tons a day. In blast some time in 
1854 and a little of 1855. 

300. WEST FORK (abandoned) Furnace. — Marion Co.. Va. ; owned by Squire 
Brice, of Fairmount ; has not been run for 20 years, but the stack is still as good 
as ever. Another furnace, in Marion Co., 8 miles east of Fairmount, and 8 miles 
west of Fetterman, on Tygart River, was in the way of the railroad, and therefore 
torn down. 

301. LANCASTER Furnace. — Built Oct. 1866 ; has two double acting wooden 
cyl., 3 X 3, 2.5 turns. Ore, " limestone carbonate," } mile east, and in all directions 
within that distance ; " hematite" 6 m. north. Iron, No. I. foundry, for Wheeling. 
Capacity 28 tons. Went into blast January 1, 1857, but stopped after making 25 
or 30 tons, as the hearth gave way. Blew in again about May 20, 1857. 

302. CLARKSBURG Furmace No. 1. — Oae mile east of Clarksburg, Harrison Co., 
Va. • owned by the lato Judge Jackson, of Clarksburg, was pulled down ten or 1? 
years ago. 

303. CLARKSBURG Furnace No. 2. — One mile west of Clarksburg, Harrison 
Co., Va., owned by the late Col. Ben. Wilson, of Clarksburg ; was destroyed about 
12 years ago. 

304. VALLEY Furnace (once Fanny) B.— On Breshet Fork of Tieter's Creek, 2 
miles above the forks, 15 miles S. E. of Thornton ; has two iron double acting cyl, 
3„2 X 4, 13 turns (20 of steam crank). Ore, "rock" or "mountain" ore (same as 
Fairchance Furnace "blue-lump" ore), Ij m. east, and all around ; hematite } to 
li m south and north. Iron gray and mottled No. I. II. to Wheeling. Capacity 
100 tons a month. Stopped June 1855. Blew pretty steadily through 1854. The 
gas passes from tunnsl-head under the long boiler up a chimney 47} ft. high, 
(J. R. B., Jr.) 

305 SPRING HILL Furnace.— 3 miles E. of N. Geneva on the Morgantown 
pike 3 miles from Cheat River ; is the fourth stack on the old site. The first was 
built more than 60 years ago (E. C. Wilson says 50). The third stack was built 
ia 1830 The present one is in good order, but not in blast (May 14, 18o7). Baso 



Entered acoordmg to the Act of Consvess, in the year 1857, by J. P, LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 

United States in and for the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylvania. 



118 



TABLE H.-FURNACES. 

BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION, 



CHARCOAL AND COKE. 

No. 141 SOUTH EIGHTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 



SITUATION ; OWNERS ; P. O. ADDRESS j LESSEES AND MANAGERS. 



WHEN 
BUILT OR 
REBUILT. 



9. WESTERN MARYLAND. 



Z85. Lena. 
Z86. Mt. Savage, 1. 
287. Mt. Sarage, 2. 
28S. Mt. Savage, 3. 
289. Lnuacouiug. 



^^ mile noi'thwest of Cum'berland. 
9 miles nortliwost of Cumberlaiid. 
9 miles nortliwost of Cnmborlaiid. 
9 miles northwest of CuniberlanJ. 
)i mile below Lonatoning station. 



J. F. Ponnimau, Union Sqnare, N. Y. T. J. McKay, agt. Camberl'd P.O. ALLEaHEHT. 
Mt. Savage Iron Co. Joseph Purser, manager. Cumberland P. O. Alleghent. 

Mt. Savage Iron Co. Joseph Purser, manager. Cumberland P. O. Allegheny. 

Mt. Savage Iron Co. Joseph Purser, manager. Cumberland P. O. Alleohkny. 

George's Creek C. & I. Co. Dr. T. C. Atkinson, supt. Lonaconing P. O. Allegheny. 



1846 
1840 
1840 
1845 
1837 



10. NORTHWEST VIRGINIA. 



290. Virginia. 

291. Old Valley. 

292. Greenville. 

293. Davis. 

294. Henry Clay. 

295. Woodgrove. 

296. Anna. 

297. Valley, A. 

298. Clinton. 

299. Piuey. 

300. West Fork. 6 miles from Fairmont. 

301. Lancaster. 3 miles west of Independence. 

302. Clarksburg, 1. 1 mile east of Clarksburg. 

303. Clarksburg, 2. 1 mile west of Clarksburg. 

304. Valley, B( Fanny). 16 miles south of ludependence. 



1 railo south of Brandonville. 

8 miles W. N. W. of Brandonville. 
6 miles west of Brandonville. 

1 mile northwest of Henry Clay. 
4 miles southeast of Pridovale. 

3 miles east of Pridevale. 
In the village of Pridevale. 

4 miles from Morgantown. 

9 miles south of ftlorgantown. 
miles east of Fairmont. 



Harrison Hagans & Co. Wm. Hagans, manager. Brandonville P. O. Preston. 

William Douglass, owner. Is in ruins and abandoned. Preston. 

H. & E M. Hagans, owners. Abandoned. J Preston. 7 

Owner unknown. Is in rains and abandoned. Monongalia. 

Laurel Iron Co. Duncan I. Perry, manager. Pridevale P. 0. Monongalia. 

Laurel Iron Co. Duncan I. Perry, manager. Pridevale P. O. Monongalia. 

Laurel Iron Co. Duncan I. Perry, manager. Pridevale P. O. Monongalia. 

Jam. Kingsley, own., Morgantown. Jno. Kingsley, ra. Morgant'n P. O. Monongalia. 

George Hardman, owner. Barney Neman, manager. Clinton F. P. 0. Monongalia. 

R. & W. Miller, owners. J. P. Thoburn, manager. Wheeling, Va. Marion. 

Owners unknown. Not run for 20 years and abandoned. [ton Co. Marion. 

Umbles & Dickinson, Gap, Lanc'ter Co., Pa. A. Willis, m. Raccoon, Pres- Taylor. 

Late Judge .Jackson, of Clarksburg. Ten years ago destroyed. Harrison. 

Lato Col. Ben. Wilson, of Clarksburg. Twelve years ago destroyed. Harrison. 

Wm. Whitman, Baltimore. Jac. Baker, Jr., man. Nestorville P. 0. Barbour. 



1854 

18 

1815* 

18 

18 

1826,* '42 
1847 

1800,* '.31 
1847 
1851? 

18 

1856 

18 

18 

1846* 



11. SOUTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA. 



305. Springhill. 

306. Fairchance. 
.307. Union. 

308. Coolspring. 

309. Wharton. 

310. Rod Stone. 

311. Mary Ann. 

312. Fairfield. 

313. Pine Grovo. 

314. Mt. Vernon. 

315. Fairview. 

316. Mt. Hope. 

317. Mt. Etna. 
318 St. Johns. 

319. Centre. 

320. Fayette. 

321. Little Falls. 

322. Old Laurel. 

323. New Laurel. 

324. Breakneck. 

325. Somerset. 

326. Shade. 

327. Wellersburg. 

328. Rockingham. 

329. California. 

330. Washington. 

331. Valley, C. 

332. Hermitage. 

333. Oak Grove. 

334. Ross. 

335. Laurel Hill. 

336. Conemaugh. 
S37. Ramsey. 

338. Lockport. 

339. Buena Vista. 

340. Indiana. 

341. Black Lick. 

342. Loop. 

S43. Johnstown. 

344. Mill Creek. 

345. Ben's Creek, 

346. Old Cambria. 

347. Cambria, 1. 

348. Cambria, 2. 

349. Cambria, 3. 

350. Cambria, 4., 

351. Eliza. 

352. Ashland. 



W/i miles S. W from Uniontown. 

C miles south of Uniontown. 

4 miles southeast of Connelsville. 

miles south of Uniontown. 

miles south of Uniontown. 

2 miles east from Uniontown. 
30 miles from Uniontown. 

7 miles south from Uniontown. 

11 miles from Uniontown. 
19 miles from Uniontown. 

9 miles from Uniontown. 
25 miles from Uniontown. 

12 miles N. E, from Uniontown. 

8 miles from Connelsville. 
6 miles from Uniontown. 

12 miles from Uniontown. 

12 miles from Uniontown. 

15 miles E, N, E, from Uniontown, 

15 miles E, N. E. from Uniontown. 

15 miles N. E. from Uniontown. 

12 miles southwest of Johnstown. 

16 miles south of Johnstown. 

9 miles northwest of Cumberland, 
miles of Stoystown. 

1>^ miles south of Laxighlintown. 

miles east of Ligonier. 
4 miles south of Ligonier. 

2 miles northeast of Ligonier. 
miles of Ligonier. 

i',i miles S. of New Florence station. 

3 miles east of New Florence station. 

3 miles east of Now Florence station. 

4 miles above Warren. 
At Lockport. 

3 miles oast of Armagh. 

5 miles east of New Florence station. 
12 miles northeast of Jolmstown. 

3 m. bel. Smicksburg on L, Mahoning. 
% mile north of Johnstown station. 
3>^ miles S. W. of Johnstown station. 

3 miles sonth of Johnstown station. 
3 miles north of Johnstown station. 
>i( mile north of Johnstown station. 
)i mile nortli of Johnstown station. 

)i mile north of Johnstown station. 
}i mile north of Johnstown station. 
4* miles above Black Lick Furnace. 

6 miles north of Galitzen station. 



01ipliant& Wilson. F.H,01iphant,les. J. K.Duncan, m. Smithfield P.O. Fayette. 
F. H. Oliphant. Uniontown P. 0. Fayette. 

Baldwin & Cheney. Charles Cheney, manager. Connelsville P. O, Fay'ette. 
Wyley & Robinson. Not run since 1850, abandoned. Uniontown P. O, Fayette. 
A. Stewart (in 1849). Not run for years, abandoned. Uniontown P. O. Fayette. 



Worthington & Snyder, owners. 

First furnace built by Mr. Oliphant, Sr. 

F. H, Oliphant, owner. 

Basil Brownfield. 

Geo. E. Hogg. 

Jos. Victor. 

Davidson & Cummings. 
Jos. Paull. 
Ewing & Woods. 

J. Rogers. 

Miltonberger's executors. 
James Fault's administrators. 
Wm. Walker. 
John Fuller. 



Uniontown P. 0. Fayette. 

Abandoned. Greene. 

Abandoned. Fayette. 

Abandoned. Fayette. 

Abandoned. Fayette. 

Abandoned. Fayette. 

Abandoned. Fayette. 

Abandoned. Fayette. 

Abandoned. , Fayette. 

Abandoned. Fayette. 

Abandoned. Fayette. 

Abandoned. FAYETTE. 

Abandoned. Fayette. 

Abandoned. Fayette. 

Abandoned. Fayette. 



Hanna & Dyer. Somerset. 

Daniel Wyand. Abandoned. Stoystown P. 0. Somerset. 

UnionC. &I. Co. E, L, Parker, Bait., pres. J. P. Agnew, dir. Wellersb'g. Somerset. 

Henry Little (in 18.55). Abandoned. Stoystown P. O. Somerset. 

Mathiot & Cummins. Moses Collins, manager. Laughlintown. Westmoreland. 

L. C. Hall. For the"present the furnace is abandoned. Ligonier P. O. Westmoreland. 
L. C. Hall & Co. L, C. Hall, manager. Ligonier P. O. Westmoreland. 

Owner unknown. Has been for many years abandoned. Westmoreland. 

Mr. Jas. Tanner, Pittsbui-g. Is in good order but probably abandoned. Westmoreland. 
Geo. T. Paull. Smithfield P. 0. Westmoreland. 

Jno. Graff, of Blairsville. E. Hoover, lessee (1856). N. Florence P. O. Westmoreland. 
Johnstown Iron Co. G. Rhey, agent. Johnstown P. O. West.iiokeland. 

Dr. Spear, of Kiskiminetas (1849). Long ago abandoned. Westmoreland. 

Wm. McKinney, of Lockport (1849). Long ago abandoned. Westmoreland. 

Dr. Alex. Johnson, of Hollidaysburg, Blair Co., Pa. Indiana. 

Ellas Baker, of Altoona, Blair Co., Pa. Indiana. 

Cambria Iron Works. Wood, Morrell & Co., lessees. Johnstown P. 0. Indiana. 
T. White (18.55). Now Wade Hampton, Pittsburg. Aband, Indiana P. O. Indiana. 
JohnstownIronCo.(Rhey, Matthews&Co.). J.King,m. JohnstownP.O. Cambria. 
Cambria Iron Works. Wood, Morrell & Co., lessees. Johnstown P. 0. Cambria. 

Cambria Iron Works. Wood, Morrell & Co., lessees. JohnstownP.O. Cambria. 

Cambria Iron Works. Wood, Morrell k Co., lessees. Johnstown P. 0. Cambria. 

Cambria Iron Works. Wood, Morrell & Co., lessees. JohnstownP.O. Cambria. 

Cambria Iron Works. Wood, Morrell & Co., lessees. Johnstown P. O. Cambria. 

Cambria Iron Works. Wood, Morrell & Co., lessees, Cambria. 

Cambria Iron Works. Wood, Morrell & Co., lessees. Cambria. 

Alter & others, of Philadelphia. Abandoned (1848). Ebensburg P. 0. Cambria. 

Hugh McNeil (1849). Abandoned (1851). Summit P. 0. Cambria. 



1805, '54 
1796 
1796 

1820 
1835 

1800 

1777* 

1794 

1805 

1805 

1810 
1810 
1810 
1815 
1815 

1815 
1815 
1820 
1835 
1826 

1847 
1812 
]8.')6 
1844 
1852* 

1809 
1855 

1854 
1815 

1846 

1847 
1847 
1846 
1847 

1842 
1846 
1847 
1846 
1845, '56 

1846 

1842, '54 

1854 

1855 

1856 
1857 
1846 

1847 



12. NORTH PENNSYLVANIA. 



353. Farrandsville. 

354. Astonville. 

355. Ralston. 

356. Cartorvillo. 

357. Mansfield. 

358. Blossburg. 



6 miles north of Lock Havon. 
Near the village of Ralston. 
In the village of Ralston, 
miles south of Ralston. 
10 miles north of Blossburg. 
In the town of Blossburg, 



Fallon and others, of Philadelphia. Abandoned. Lock Haven P. 0. Clinton. 
Wm. Tliompson. Ralston P. 0. LYC0MIN9. 

Lycoming Iron & Coal Co. J. D. Mitchell, manager. Ralston P. O. Ly-comin«. 

Carter & Co. Abandoned, Ralston P. O. Lycoming. 

Mansfield Iron Co. Maiis.Setd P. O. Tkhia. 

Jas. H. Gulick. Blossburg P. O. Tioga. 



1834 

1855 

1854 

1854 

1854' 

1841 



Cohtlnded OS pp. 122,, 123. 



119 



WEST OF THE 

APRIL 1, 



ALLEGHENY MOUNTAINS. 

1858. 



SIZE. 



I S^^ Sts 



a>'tS 



'ce 






o 2 'S 



w o < 



of of Of 

ore. power, iron. 



^a 



PRODUCTION. 



1849. 



1851. 



1855. 

Wks. 



1856. 

Wks. 



1857. 

Wks. 



9. WESTERN MAKYLAND. 



285. Lena 8 

286. Mt. Savage, 1 15 

287. Mt. Savage, 2 15 

288. Mt. Savage, 3 . . 

289. Lonaconing 14 



28 3.5 0„10i,,6i 
50 »9.5 "8 „36 „1U 
50 '9.0 3 „36 „16 
52 never been lined. 
50 6.0 ..?..? 



F. Steam 

F. C. B. Steam i. ir. 

F. C. B. Steam i. ii. 

F. C. B. Steam i. n. 



2 .. hot .. .. ? 

3 ,,2'yi 300° 31b. 4,.')00 ? 
3„2i^ 300° 31b. 4,500 7 

3 ? 

3 „2J^ 600° 241b. 3,770 ? 



not in use. not in use. not in use. 

not in use. 4,500* 45* 4,528 44 

4,500*46* not in use. not in use. 

unfinished, unfinished, unfinished. 

793}J22 l,860Jij45 not ia use. 



10. NORTHWEST VIRGINIA. 



5,293 



6,360 



4,528 



290. Virginia 11 36 1.5 

291. Old Valley In ruins 

292. Greenville Abandoned 

293. Davis In ruins. 

294. Henry Clay Abandoned 

205. Woodgrove 7 38 3.0 .5 ,,12 .. 

296. Anna 10 35 3.0 .7 .. .. 

297. Valley, A 8 34 1.8 

298. Clinton '8^^ 32 2.0 2.5 .. .. 

299. Piney 8>| 32 2.2 .. „8J .. 

300. West Fork Abandoned. Stack good. 

301. Lancaster 8 33 2.0 2.0' .. .. 

302. Clarksb'g, 1 Stack pulled down. 

303. Clarksb'g, 2 Stack destroyed. 

304. Valley, B(F.) 8 32 1.6 0. „16 .. 



c. 


Water 


c. 


Water 


c. 


Water 


G. 


Water 


c. 


Water 



C. S. &W. I. II. III. 

C. steam 1. 11. iii. 

C. Water 11. 

C. steam i. 11. iii. 

C. Steam ir. 



'2„2 cold light .. 
Machinery gone. 
1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 
Machinery gone. 

2 ,,23^ 400° .. 
3„2i^ 400°l"^lb. .. 

1 ,,2;^ cold .. 700 

2„3 400° .. l,.3O0 
'1 „3? cold .. 2,400 



not in use. 150 6 50 2 

abandoned, abandoned and ruined. 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned and ruined, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 



not in use. 

50* 6 
not in use. 

480 ? 

000 26 



not in use. 
45% 3 
500V 20* 
251>i33? 
800 37 



100* 9* 
396^15 
400? 16 
321>il5 
not in use. 



C. 
C. 

c. 
c. 
c. 



Water 
Steam 
Water 
Water 
Steam 



1 .. 

1 „3 
1 .. 
1 .. 

1 „2> 



cold 
cold 
cold 
cold 
cold 



1,900 



abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned and stack pulled down, 
abandoned and stack destroyed. 
800? 45? 400? 22? not in use. 



11. SOUTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA. 



1,930 



2,147 



1,267 



III. 



305. Springhill =9 "35 2.0 „S „S F. C. Steam 1. 11. 

306. Fairchance 9 35 2.0 C. Steam 11. in. 

.307. Union 9 32 2,0 4, ,12, ,15 C. Steam n. 

308. Coolspring 7 33 C. Water in. 

309. Wharton 8 33 • C. S. & W. 11. in. 

310. Red Stone 8 30 C. Water 

311. Mary Ann Abandoned. C. Water 

312. Fairfield Abandoned. C. Water 

313. Pine Grove Abandoned. C. Water 

314. Mt. Vernon Abandoned. C. Water 

315. Fairview Abandoned. C. Water 

316. Mt. Hope Abandoned. 0. Water 

317. Mt. Etna Abandoned. C. Water 

318. St. Johns Abandoned. C. Water 

319. Centre Abandoned. C. Water 

320. Fayette Abandoned. C. Water 

321. Little Falls Abandoned. C. Water 

322. Old Laurel Abandoned. C. Water 
.323. New Laurel Abandoned. C. Water 

324. Breakneck Abandoned. C. Water 

325. Somerset 814 32 1.9 .. „8i .. 

326. Shade 9 30 

327. Wellersburg 14 45 6.5 4 „16 .. 

328. Rockingham 6 21 

329. California 8 31 1.6 ,,10 ,,10 

330. Washington 9 33 to be rebuilt. C. Water i. 11. 
331.ir Valley, C 10 40 3.3 6 „16i„14 C. Steam I. 11. 

332. Hermitage C. Water 

333. Oak Grove 9 33 C. Water n. in. 

334. Ross 8 30 1.8 C. Water 

335. Laurel HiU 9 33 • .. C. Water n. in. 

336.1f Couemaugh 10 40 C. Water 11. in. 

337. Ramsey 9 31 C. H. Water in. 

338. Lockport 8 33 C. Water in. 

339. Bueua Vista 8 31 2 5 C. 

340. Indiana 9 30 2 5 . . . . C. H. 

341. Black Lick 8 35 C. 

342. Loop 9 33 C. 

343.ir Johnstown 9.7 40 C. 

344.«[[ Mill Creek 12 40 C. 

345. Ben's Creek 9 35 C. 

346. 1[ Old Camb'a 9^ 38 2.0 7 „12 ,,10 F. C. 

347. it Cambria, 1 13 48 6 4„10,,10 C. 

34S.if Cambria, 2 13 48 6.0 4 ,,16 „ 16 C. 

349.^ Cambria, 3 13 48 6.0 4 „16 „16 C. Steam 11. ni. 

.330. IT Cambria, 4 13 48 6.0 4 „16 „16 C. Steam 

3.51. Eliza 9 30 C. H. Water in. 

3.52. Ashland 8 33 1.5 .. .. C. Water 



C. Water 11. 

H. C. F. Water 11. 1 

F. C. B. Steam I. 11. 1 

C. Water 11. 

C. Water i. 11. 



Water I. 

Water 11. in. 

Steam i. 11. 

Water in. 

Steam 11. in. 

Steam n. in. 

Water 11. in. 
Steam 

Steam n. in. 

Steam 11. in. 



'1 ,,2J^ 450° lib. 1,250 

n „1X cold .. 1,100 

2,,3J^ 600^ Sib. 3,400 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

1 . . cold . . 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. .cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

1 „3 cold .. 

3 .. cold .. 

3„3 300° 31b. 2,700 

1 .. cold .. 

1 „3 hot .. 2,000 

2 .. hot .. 

3 „3 600° 4>i;ib. 3,300 
1 .. cold .." 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

2 .. hot .. 

2„3 600° I'^lb. 2,325 

1 .. cold .. 

1 .. cold .. 

2 .. cold .. 

2 .. hot .. 

2„2>^ hot 21b. 1,100 

2 .. cold .. 

3 .. hot l%lb. 2,895 
3 „3>^ 600° 2>^lb. 2,500 

2„2K hot 21b. 1,800 

3 „3 600° 2>^lb. 2,000 

3 „3}4 300° 31b. 3,600 

3,,3>^ 300° 31b. 3,600 

3 „3}4 300° 31b. 3,600 
3 not yet finished. 

2 .. hot .. 

2„3 .. .. 3,600 



400 125 ? 235 13? 246 28 

600 700* ? 600* ? 600* 12 

320 1,200* ? 800? ? 964 33 

200 abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 

out abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

456 550 ..0 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

abandoned. abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

300 not in use. not in use. 247 18 
750 450* .. 400? .. aband. 

not built, not in use. not in use. 1,200*25* 
out. abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 
419 27 535 31 334 21 

660 700* ? 600* 7 to be rebuilt, 

not in use. 500* 10 600 10 

abandoned very many years ago and in ruins, 
not built. 400 7 600* ? 600* 7 

600 not in use. not in use. not in use. not blown. 

800 800 7 730 7 not in use. 

600 1,395 7 1,000? 7 708^21 

out. abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

out. abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

660 7 100? ? not in use. 

900 2,000* 7 800* 7 1,200*52 

756 824 307 624 24? 955 35 

out. abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

1,000 2,500 7 2,000? ? 2,0441^45 

840 not in use. not in use. 2,720 33 

1,080 750 7 890 38? 902 39 

820 1,600* 34 1,800* 29 2,225 60 

not built. 844 7? 6,543 51 3,468 30 

not built, not built. 1,005 9 6,347 52 

not built, not built, not built. 5,996 50 blown in Jan'y 
not built, not built, not built, not built. [2, '66. 

out. abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 
800 abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 



12. NORTH PENNSYLVANIA. 



11,226 15,783 



20,252 



31,457 



353.1[ Farrandsv. 10 43 F. C. Water . . 3 . . hot 

354. Astonville '10 37 6.0 C. Water I. .... hot 

355. Ralston 16 45 8 C. Water i. .... hot 

456. Carterville 10 35 C. Steam i. 3 „3X tot 

3.57. Mansfield no "33 2.8 .. .. F. Steam i. 2 .. hot 

358. Blossburg ^14 31 F. C. Water i. 14 400° 



2,200 



aband. abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
not built, not built, not finished. 700* 100* 7 

not built, not finished. .. 75* 

not built, 
not built, not finished. 430* 13 600* 21 

700 abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, dilapidated. 



700 



If Coke Furnaces. 



* Approximately (rue. 



450 1375 100 

CONTINDED ON PP. 122, 123. 



120 



so ft., top 8 ft. square. Blows 2ilnclL nozzle, witli one tuyere. Has cue iron double 
acting cyl. 3^ x 5J, 8 rev., and water regulator oven on top. iJsed some coke with 
the charcoal of the first blast in 1855. Ore, a poor hematite, from the Snake Den, 
100 yds. east; "point ore" on the mountain 1 m. east ; ore like the Martin bank 
'oi-e, 2 m. S. east. Capacity, average 17 tons a week ; have made 3 tons a day. 
Blew in first about 3 months before Feb. 1-t, 18.55, when she blew out, having made 
2 or 300 tons ; seemed best in 1853, in 40 days made 121j tons ; in 1856, nearly 3 
months and just 250 tons. Second blast made 100 tons No. 1 for Pittsburg, and 
some little for the foundries near by. Not in blast after Jan. 3, 1857. (Foundry 
men.) Springhill Furnace made nothing in 1854 ; say 155 tons (rough estimate) 
in 1855, and something like 200 in 1856; not in blast in 1857. (Eager C. Wilson.) 
Mines are in good condition-, abundant ore, 35 to 40 per cent., principally from i 
to;3 miles east ; good lime ; plenty ^ to 1 mile. Capacity 800 to 1000 tons. (Corres- 
pondence J. K. Duncan.) 

306. FAIECHANCE Furnace (and Rolling Mill No. 147).— On the head-waters of 
George's Creek, which enters the Monon. K. at N. Geneva, 90 m. above Pittsburg. 
Has 2 cylinders 5 x 2J stroke, 6 rev. Ore and coal mines, west base of Chestnut 
Eidge, 6 miles south of Uniontown, and are taken out of the same drift; "the ore, 
two feet under the coal, is mined first, and then the coal, after the squeeze has 
taken place which facilitates the operation threefold." *'Xise charcoalfor furnace 
and bituminous coal for all the manufacturing ; making up all the metal into bar, 
boiler, sheet iron and nails." (J. H. 0.) 

307. UNION Furnace. — On Dunbar Creek, in Dunbar Gap ; has 2 cyl. 42 inch 
X 5 ft. , 18 rev. Mines all around. Present owners commenced in the fall of 1855, 
and had to make a great many repairs, new hot blast, in walls, &c. (Corr.) 

308. COOLSPRING Furnace.— Abandoned. 

309. WHAKTON Furnace.— Abandoned. 

310. REDSTONE Furnace.— On Redstone Creek, formerly owned by Judge 
Huston. 

312. FAIRFIELD Furnace (Fairchance).— On Redstone Creek. 
314. MT. VERNON Furnace.— On Jacob's Creek, 8 m. N. of Connelsville. 
317. MT. ETNA (Gibbs') Furnace.— On the N. bank of the Youghiogheny, IJ 
miles above Connelsville. 
319. CENTRE Furnace. — 3 m. up Dunbar Creek, above Old Union Furnace. 
322. OLD LAUREL Furnace.— On Laurel Creek, 8 miles S. E. of Connelsville. 

324. BREAKNECK Furnace.— On Mount's Creek, 4 miles N. E. of Connelsville. 
(Bord & Davidson.) 

325. SOMERSET Furnace. — On the Somerset and Johnstown Pike, 15 N. of 
Somerset; came into the hands of Hanna & Dyer, in the spring of 1555. Was 
previously owned by E. L. Hall & Co., and blown by Huber & Myers ; made no 
metal from 1848 or 1849 until the spring of 1856. (J. P. L.) Has 2 tubs 7 feet 
diameter, loose. Ore outcrop hematite and fossil carbonate of the coal measures, 
from 2 drifts, 100 feet over the tunnel-head, and a third J mile up the left side up 
a branch of Bin's Creek. Limestone bed 2 feet, limestone ore 1 foot, beneath it. 
Two other banks 2 and 3 miles S. S. W. Stripping 6 to 10 feet of cover from 6 to IS 
inches of ore. (Corr.) Expect to make 500 tons ia 1867. (Aug. 1857.) Made 1856 
mostly foundry, some rolling mill metal. 

326. SHADE Furnace.— Abandoned. 

328. ROCKINGHAM Furnace.— Abandoned. 

327. WELLEESBURG Furnace. — Belongs with Mt. Savage, Lena and Lonacon- 
ing — being at the upper end of the Frostburg Coal Basin, but inside the Pennsyl- 
vania line, on Jenning's Run, north fork, with a railroad branch to the Mt. Savage 
Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio E. R, One account makes it 45, another 42 feet 
high, probably out and inside. " Tunnel-head lofZZ be 6^ feet. Steam engine 80 
horse power. Average heat did not melt tin. Has 2 cyl. 0' 5 x 6, 12 strokes per 
minute, tight. Hot tubes ,,3 x ,,4 opening. Ore principally coal measure carbon- 
ates around ; some hem. ; some fossil. Ore beds 10 in. to 4 ft., worked with the 
coal beds, of which there are ten workable, respectively (beginning with the low- 
est), 3.5, 3.5, 3, 3, 2.5, 3.5, 3.5, 6, 5, 10 feet thick. See the report of W. E. Johnston, 
about 1846, on the resources of the Union Coal and Iron Co. The furnace was run 
about one year, three years ago, chilled twice and stopped finally. (B. S. L., May 
6, 1857.) Last year (1856) about April 1, blew in as an experiment, in view of 
erecting a rolling mill, but only made up to September about 1,200 tons of metal ; 
hot blast deficient, by one-half Will probably have a new set of hot pipes in the 
spring. (J. P. Agnew, corr., Jan. 28, '57.) 

329. CALIFORNIA Furnace.— On the Phila. and Pittsburg Turnpike, 53 miles 
E. of Pittsburg, at the foot of Laurel Hill, on Furnace-Eun Branch of the Loyal- 
hanna, a mile above its mouth. Has 2 cyl. 3x5, 15 r. ; pistons vertical through 
the heads of the cylinders. Ore principally carbonate in the Ligonier Coal Basin ; 
beds from ,,4 to ,,10 thick ; principal bank | mile north, others i, 1 and l\ miles 
east, another 1^ mile south ; also some fossil and a little magnetic. Iron made, 
principally gray No. 1, foundry, some mill iron. (Corr.) 

330. WASHINGTON Furnace.— On the turnpike east of Ligonier Village, to- 
wards Stoystown, at the base of Laurel Hill. Abandoned for the present, and if 
used again will be rebuilt. Ores crop out 20 rods below ; see Valley Furnace No. 
S31. (Corr. S. C. Hall & Co.) 

- 331. VALLEY Furnace, C. — In Ligonier Valley, 3 miles from the base of Laurel 
Hill, and 4J from that of Chestnut Ridge, 9 miles S. of New Florence Station on 
Penna. R. R. and Canal, 14 m. E. of Latrobe Station on P. R. R. Has 2 cyl. 
„42 X 4Kt., 20 r. (engine 40). Ores, coal meashre carbonate ball ore, traced 3^ 
miles nearly due north, and 4 south, dipping gently both ways into the centre line 
of the basin — opened from the bridgehouse of the furnace each way for half a 
mile. - Strata, top coal 7 feet ; 60 feet down, limestone 5 ft. ; 40 feet down, argil, 
ore 20 inches ; 100 feet down, carbon, ore in lumps in slate 5 feet ; 100 feet down, 
hematite (crop), principal stratum to work, 2 feet. Iron made, "mottled to No. 1, 
open crystalline gray." (Con-.) 

332. HERMITAGE Furnace.-^Ou the present Ligonier and Johnstown Turnpike, 
li to 2 miles out of Ligonier ; was abandoned long ago. 

333. OAKGROVE Furnace was built in 1834 by John Clifford, was idle all last 
year and is still, with no probability of its ever being started again unless iron 
becomes much more valuable. (D. J. M.) 

334. ROSS Furnace. — Fairfield Township ; is standing idle (Feb. 1857). " Our 6 
foot vein of ore is J mile due S. of the furnace ; see spec, at the Franklin Institute, 
sent in 1853 to E. F. Brewer ; resembles black slate. Not in blast since 1850 ; wait- 
ing for second growth of timber, or for better methods of using bituminous coal, 
which abounds within 2 miles ; one bed 6 ft. thick within | mile. (G. T. Paull, cor.) 

335. LAUREL HILL Furnace. — Was run by E. Hoover, of New Florence, for 



John Graff, of Blairsville, in 1855, and made some iron, but none since. It was 
sold in 1836, and may blow in again. (April '37.) 

336. CONEMAUGH Furnace. — In the gap of Laurel Hill, on the Conemaugh, and 
Pa. R. R., 74 M. N. W. of Johnstown; made in 5 months last year 708^ tons forge 
pig iron — furnace in bad order ; fuel, coke, 40 lb. to 2,688 cubic inches ; ore carbo- 
naceous, same as used by Johnstown furnaces ; 2 blast cyls., 3.3 x 5, 13 rev., 2,325 
cub. feet air per minute. Hereafter will use half hematite ore, from a bed 26 inches 
thicli, recently explored, in shale under conglomerate (XII) and over the silic. 
limestone (XI) ; this ore yields by analysis 52 per ct. iron, with alum, silex, and 
manganese only in combination. (G. Ehey, corr., Feb. 14, '57.) 

338. LOCKPOET Furnace. — Abandoned. Stack round, upon a square base with 
truncated pyramidal archways. Is in good order. Bridgehouse spans the rail- 
road as it enters the village from the west. It was built in 1844 by William D. 
McKernan, tried several times, made little iron, and went out finally in the winter 
of 1846-7. Dr. Schunberger bought and repaired it just before his death. 

339. BUENA VISTA Furnace. — 4 miles north of Penna. R. R. and Canal ; has 
never been in blast a year at a time, and has not been in blast for a year. (Feb. 
1857, L. A. Johnston.) Ore shell and bog, north and south. 

340. INDIANA Furnace. — Near Armaugh ; ekes out its supply of charcoal with 
coke. Put in 2 new iron cyl. ,,42 x 5, 13 rev. June 18.55. Blew regularly all 
1856. Ore hematite of For. VI., from Baker's bank 4 miles N. of Altoona, Blair 
Co. (Elias Baker, April 28, '57.) 

341. BLACK LICK Furnace. — Has 1 tub 30 in. x 2 ft., GO revolutions per minute. 

343. JOHNSTOWN Furnace (old Mt. Vernon).— Within 400 ft. of passenger de- 
pot, Penna. R. R. ; has 2 cyl. 3.3 x 5, 16 revolutions. Coal gangway level with 
tunnel-head 200 feet distant. Ore gangway 1,820 feet distant by incline plane 6 ft. 
in the 100. Ore carbonate of iron with carbonate of lime enough to flux, yielding 
iron 30 p. ct. Fuel coke, 34 lbs. to 2,688 cub. inches. (Geo. Rhey, corr. Jan., 30, '57.) 

344. MILL CREEK Furnace. — On Mill Creek ; is new, and went into blast April 
1856. Has 2 cyl. 3.3 x 5, 15 rev. 

345. BEN'S CREEK Furnace.— At the mouth of Ben's Creek, near the Plank 
Eoad crossing ; has 2 tubs 4 x 4J, Sj revolutions when the water is right. 

346. OLD CAMBEIA Furnace.—^ m. from Pa. Canal, and on the Laurel Eun ; 
has 2 cyl. 3.3 x 5, 12 rev. Ore "Carbonate and fossil," with coal one-third mile 
north and east. 



347, 348, 349, 350. CAMBRIA Furnaces Nos. 1, 2, 3, 
stand on the Johnstown flat, and are all of one size and 
2 cyl. 6x6, 15 rev. to blow the three. Steam cyl. 28 
following table shows the time in blast and production 

1857, No.l. 

out 

for 

repairs 

blown 

in 
again 
265i 
799i 
746 
716i 
681 
631 
1857, 3, 839 J 



4 (the last not yet lined), 
blown by one engine, with 
inch. X 8 feet stroke. The 
in 1856 :— 




No. 2. 
875 
598 
5701 
622 
951 
705 
733i 
875i 
817i 
797i 
704A 
630* 

8,880i 



No. 3. 
789 
6221 
553 
766i 
856i 
568i 
31i 

went 
out 
for 

repairs 

4,187 



wks. 
5 
4 
4 
4) 
6 
4 
4 
5 
5 
5 
4 
4 
53 



797i 
5024 



954i 
683i 



All three furnaces will probably be 
blown this year, and the Mill Creek and 
Old Cambria be idle. 



The make of No. 2 for the first seven weeks of this year (1858) is seen in the 



following table: — No. of charges. 

January — 1st week 313 

2d week 

3d week 

4th week 

5th week 

February — 1st week 

2d week 

Total — 7 weeks 



314 
305 
277 
242 
301 
285 
2,039 



Tons coke. 


Tons iron made. 


283„14 


194„14 


282„12 


199,, 19 


274„10 


197,, 2i 


249,, 6 


193„ 


217„16 


169,, 3 


27Li„18 


201,, 7 


256,, 10 


201„12i 


1,833,, 6 


1,336„18 



Tons ore. 

.551,, 5 

549„10 

533,, 15 

484„15 

423„10 

526,, 15 

498„15 
3,568,, 5 
Average make per week, 194 tons nearly. Proportion of ore to iron, 2.623 : 1 ; 
that is, the available amount of iron in the ore is 38 per cent. Proportion of coke 
to iron made, 1.352 : 1. — Ore : coke : iron : : 2-| ton : IJ ton : 1 ton. 

Furnace No. 3 was blown in January 2, 1836. In Feb, 1856, casting house, stock 
house, engine and boiler house were burned down, stopping the furnaces 10 or 12 
days. Total of the Cambria Iron Co. production for 1836, 20,956 tons of coke 
iron, and 1,857 tons of charcoal iron ; total 22,813 tons. The coal and ore are mined 
in the hill behind the furnaces and rolling mill, which a quarry of sandstone caps. 

N. PENNSYLVANIA. 

351. FARRANDSVILLE Furnace was built of cut stone and at the greatest 
expense, with apparatus and surroundings on the same scale, in the confident 
expectation of smelting coal measure ores with semi-bituminous coal or coke, and 
at least half a million of dollars were expended before proper experiments had 
tested the quality of the coal and ore beds. In the end the whole was abandoned, 

352. ASHLAND Furnace. — On the Clearfield Creek ; has two cyl. 6 x 1», 20 revo- 
lutions per minute. Ore, blue coal measure carbonate, close by the furnace, 
making cold short iron. The furnace was abandoned in 1851, on account of the 
low price of iron. (H. McNeal.) 

354. ASTONVILLE Furnace.— Near the Williamsport and Elmira E. E, and Ly- 
coming Creek. " Wm. Thompson's Furnace was built for a charcoal furnace, and 
has only made 7 weeks blast on anthracite. It will produce 12 tons per day with 
Ralston (No. XI.) ore ; and may have produced in 1856, 700 tons charcoal iron, and 
in 1857, 100 tons anthracite iron." (J. D. Mitchell.) 

35^. RALSTON Furnace. — On the Williamsport and Elmira E. R. and Lycoming 
Creek ; was erected in 1854, in the place of the old furnace (Lydia ?) burnt down 
in 1853-4. It can produce 20 tons a day with anthracite and Ealston ore. It 
made say 75 tons in 1836. "The iron was strong, soft, fluid and running solid." 
There are 2 beds of coal on the top of the mountain back of the furnace, "IJ and 
2i ft. thick, coking readily and free from sulphur." A railroad ascends to the 
mines. After two unsuccessful blasts the furnace was abandoned. The ore is a 
carbonate of iron in solid layers and in balls, underlying the bottom conglomerate 



121 



of the coal measures. Mr. Mitchell says of it, "I have worked it alone and mixed 
with the magnetic, hematite, calcareous and fossil ores, with charcoal, anthracite 
and coke, and find it easy to melt and flux under all circumstances and making 

foundry iron naturally It lies in a rolling vein, averaging 2 feet, and can 

now be mined for 10 s. ($1 25) per ton covering all expenses. It requires about 4 
tons raw for a ton of iron." Mining coal costs 8 s. ($1 00) a ton — all told. Locust 
Mt. anthracite costs $3i^gr. ton. The puddled iron is red-short, making best nails. 
The blowing apparatus and boilers made at West Point are large enough for a 
much larger furnace. (J. D. M., Oct. 30, '57.) 

357. MAiS'SFIELD Furnace. — Stands on the west bank of the Tioga Eiver, oppo- 
site the village of Mansfield, and gets its ores 3 miles west, on the rolling country 
of For. VIII., 3 or 400 feet above the river on the road to Wellsborough. It is a 
peculiar fossiliferous ore, higher in the series than the Upper Silurian fossil ore 
(V.) of Danville, Hollidaysburg and ITtica, and its large shells furnish an abund- 
ance of lime. Has a 40 horse power engine ; made in 1856, about 5 months, 7-S 
ton per day ; 1855, 3 months, same average. 

358. BLOSSBUEG Furnace. — Is so much out of repair that it will probably be 
no more used. There is a rolling mill attached. 

N. W. PENNSYLVANIA. 

359. ROCK Furnace. — On Roaring Run, in Apollo Township, Armstrong Co., on 
the Kiskiminetas ; was run a little in 1854 by Ed. Hughes, and made say 75 tons; 
and a little in 18.55 by W. W. Wallace to run up stock, say 100 tons ; nothing since. 
A flood destroyed one tub. The calculation is to rebuild. T. A. Scott {Supt. P. 
K. E.) present owner, Pittsburg P. 0. (W. W. W.) 

360. WINFIELD Furnace.— On Rough Run, 14 miles S. E. of Butler ; makes 
about 4 tons per day for 8 months, or about 240 tons per an. (Foltz, Feb. 17, '57.) 
N. L. Speer, of Freeport, owner, until July 1, 1857. In 1857 stopped 4 times in the 
.summer. Will have made, Jan. 1, '58, about 1,000 tons. Gas tapped just under 
the tunnel-head plate, and carried under the boilers to warm the blast beyond. 
Has 2 round iron double acting cyl. 3„2 x 4 ft. stroke, about 10 rev. (geared 3x1). 
Ran on coke winter of 1856 and 7, and again this winter. In the spring will again 
use charcoal. Ore, soft hematized coal measure, layer 2 feet thick, 100 feet above 
the buhrstone ore. The furnace was built to run on the buhrstone ore, but while 
building the soft ore was found, and has been used exclusively since. It has lately 
been found at Buffalo Furnace. It improves when followed in. It is overlaid by 
a limestone marl. Makes foundry iron chiefly. (Speer.) Tried \ and | coke with 
charcoal. Found it could make as much iron without the charcoal as with it. 
The blast being increased was too strong for the charcoal. Made 300 tons of coke 
iron in 1856. 

361. BUFFALO Furnace No. 1.— On Buffalo Creek, at the Kittanning and Butler 
Pike crossing, 14 east of Butler, within one of the Borough of Worthington. Has 
2 tubs, 3x5 stroke, 19 r. loose, l,.i00 cubic feet. Ore, same as at Brady's Bend. 
Production forge and foundry, 1,881J, 1,649 and 1,908 gross tons. 

362. BUFFALO Furnace No. 2.— Made l,367i, l,576i, 00, gross tons. The pro- 
duction of these two stacks in 1854 from Dec. 10 to Dec. 23, was as follows. No. I, 
first week — No. 1 made, 



Ore. 
45,180 
46,060 
43,240 
42,320 
44,160 
43,240 
44,160 
308,360 
41,580 
42,560 
43,5.50 
47,340 
42,570 
41,580 
41,280 



Coal. 
1,645 
1,715 
1,645 
1,610 
1,680 
1,645 
1,680 
11,620 made 34 tons of metal. 



5,710 lbs. burnt 

ore, 215 bush, coal, 

" 6 S..54 half charges, 

to 2,268 lbs. of iron. 



1,470 1 

1,540 

1,575 

1,610 

1,505 

1,470 

1,.505 



No. 2 made, 
5,852 lbs. burnt 
_ ore, 209 bush, coal, 
6 half charges, to 
2,268 lbs. of iron. 



Ore. 
43,240 
41,400 
44,060 
43,260 
42,320 
42,320 
43,240 
299,840 
46,340 
42,240 
42,240 
42.240 
38,980 
36,000 
36,900 



Coal. 
1,645 ~| 
1,775 
1,680 i 



5,5.52 lbs. burnt 
ore, 211 bush, coal, 



6 half charges, to 
2,268 lbs. of iron. 



1,645 
1.610 
1,610 
1,645 _ 

11,610 made 54 tons of metal. 
1,470 
1,.540 
1,540 
1,540 
1,435 
1,400 
1,435 



6,228 lbs. burnt 
ore, 216 bush, coal, 
6 8-48 half charges, 
to 2,268 lbs. iron. 



300,460 10,675 made .51 tons of metal. 284,920 10,360 made 48 tons of nietal. 

3C3. COWANSHANNOCK Furnace.— I mile up Cowan'k Creek. Its water power 
is perfect, and the Upper Freeport coal bed (No. 6 of State Survey) is here 5 feet 
thick and very good, overlying the upper limestone, so that the furnace might be 
made a coke furnace to advantage ; being within a mile of the All. Vail. E. R. 
location line. Ore is plenty within a mile. (J. E. B. ) 

364. PINE CREEK Farnace.— In Valley (formerly Pine) Township, oti Pine 
Creek, 6 m. E. of Kittanning. Has 2 tubs 3 x 5, 10 r. tight. Ore, fossil limestone, 
from beds within 4 miles all around (horizontal outcrops) from 6 to 14 inches 
thick — the principal openings being within a fourth of a mile. Iron made, " forge." 

363. ORE HILL Furnace.— On the Allegheny River, 8 m. N. N. E. of Kittanning 
on the Glean road ; will stop operations in the spring for want of wood to make 
charcoal. (Jan. 27, 1857). Has 2 tubs, 4 x 4, 7 r. Ore, limestone carbonate, 2 m. 
above the furnace, on each side of the river, and on each side of a ravine running 
up eastward for half a mile from the river, called Whiskey Hollow. (D. S. H.) 
Iron made, "mottle." 

366. AMERICAN Furnace.— On the Allegheny River, 10 miles N. W. of Kittan- 
ning ; has 2 tubs and a receiver, 6x3 stroke, 9 revolutions, tight. Ore, limestone 
ore on the fossiliferous limestone bed (buhrstone), from S to 18 inches thick, out- 
cropping horizontally in all directions around the furnace, distant from 1 to 3 
miles, and costing from ijil 25 to .$1 75 to dig. Iron, forge No. 1. (J. J., corr.) 

368. STEWARDSON Furnace.— On Mahoning Creek, V, m. from the Allegheny 
River, 11 N. E. of Kittanning ; has 2 tubs 6 x 4^ stroke, 7 revolutions per minute, 
tight. Ore beds J to 2 miles around, 7 to 12 inches thick. Iron made, " No. 1 
Allegheny." " In the spring of 1856 we were trying experiments in making coke 
iron ; we made 120 tons of good iron." (Corr.) Stewardson was built for coke 
but was not successful. The experiment is to be renewed and tried thoroughly. 
(J. E. B.) 

369. MAHONING Furnace A. — On the Mahoning Creek, 10 miles above its 
month, 15 m. N. E. of Kittanning ; the metal is loaded from casting-house on to 
flat-boats, 100 tons to a boat. Has 2 tubs 3,,4 x 4i, 7 r. (engine 20 to 22) tight. Ore 
hard blue carbonate ; lies on a regular bed of limestone, 100 ft. above water ; is 10 
in. to 2 ft. thick, covered with hard blue slate; turns brown and crumbles to the 
weather. At the point of the hill it is soft "like fossil ore." These mix well as a 
40 per cent, stock, and make No. 1 pig for roll. mill. Have never hauled ore over 
a mile, and owing to the crooks of the creek and the ravines, there is an inex- 
haustible outcrop. Over the ore is a 4 foot bed of excellent coal. (J. A. Colwell k 
Co., corr.) 



370. OLNET Furnace. — On Mahoning Creek, 14 m. above Us mouth, 17 m. N. of 
E. of Kittanning. Mahoning Creek is navigable in freshets ; carries down much 
pine timber ; and Olney iron in flat-boats for $1 50 per ton to Pittsburg. Blows 
hot or cold. Has made nothing since July 5, 1855. Contemplated a change to 
coke. Was altered in 1855 from 8 to 9 in the bosh. Has single acting Debtor's 
blast tubs and a receiver, 7 x 2 ft. stroke and 7 strokes per minute, loose. Ore, 
fossilferous limestone ore from the top of the great limestone of the lower coal 
measures, making gray soft foundry ; also a hard limestone ore making a highly 
fibrous forge metal. Three principal openings, IJ- m. south, 2^ m. W. of south, 
both fossiliferous ; and 2 m. west ; seams thin but regular ; cost of mining Sl-.$2. 
Coal and limestone abound from 80 to 300 rods distant, 2 coal seams opened, 3 and 
4j ft. thick. Charcoal is becoming scarce in the Allegheny Valley, and coke can 
be made 50 per cent cheaper. The present prejudice of the mill owners at Pitts- 
burg against coke iron must yield to this necessity, and the same change of opinion 
take place as has already taken place in benefit of anthracite iron, which is now 
known to make nails. (John McCrea, correspondence, Jan. 12, '57.) 

23°° The furnace and property for sale, cheap. 

371. PHCENIX Furnace A. — On the north side of Mahoning Creek, 5 miles above 
Olney Furnace. Has been out since Feb. 1853, but is in sufBciently good order to go 
into blast again. Its ore is a loamy outcrop of the lower (buhrstone) ore, dirty 
and soft, making the best of foundry iron. (J. E. Brown.) 

372. 373, 374, 375. BRADY'S BEND Furnace Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4.— On the Allegheny 
River, 55 miles by land and 70 by water above Pittsburg. Have 2 blast tubs 
7 X 8,, 4 stroke, 13 rev. per minute, tight. Ore mines, coal measure carbonate, IJ 
miles south from the furnaces. Coal mines ^ and 3 miles south. Railroad con- 
nects all. Made No. 1 forge metal, mottled. No. 4 altered to a coke furnace, but 
out of blast all 1836. (These are the Great Western Works, described in Over- 
man on Iron.) 

377. PIKE Furnace. — On Fidler's Ran or Lowsonham Creek, half a mile from 
Red Bank Creek, and 5 miles from the Allegheny River, 19 from Clarion and 62 
from Pittsburg. Has 2 tubs 44 in. x 4 ft. stroke, 8 or 9 strokes (?) per minute. 
Ore, limestone ore (buhrstone) 6 to 15 inch, thick, soft brown hematite at the crop, 
hard blue and rather refractory in the drifts, outcropping horizontally all round 
the furnace ; sometimes 2 beds of ore, 4 feet apart. (H. Orris, correspon.) 

378. FRANKLIN (old Wild Cat) Furnace.— A mile east of Pinksville (Remers- 
burg). Has been in blast until lately (Dec. 19, 1857). Was sold three weeks ago 
from Jno. L. Miller, of Pittsburg, and has stopped finally. (McC). Miller, Free- 
man & Co. 1851 ; J. L. Miller alone 1854. Called Wild Cat, and then lay idle 2 
years and chartered again as Franklin in 1851. Shriver & Dilworth, of Pittsburg, 
bought the personnel (Dec. '57), and removed it to Catfish, the personnel of which 
they also bought, and have leased and are running. In 1857 began to blow Jlay 1 ; 
blew out Dec. 1. Made not all the time, and not more than 900 tons. Previously 
made from 11 to 1,400 tons. Abandoned finally. 

379. ST. CHARLES Furnace. — On Leatherwood Creek, at the Olean Road cross- 
ing, 2\ m. west of Allegh. Val. E. R. location line, 20 m. north of Kittanning. Has 2 
tubs 6 ft. X 22 in. stroke, 11 re vol., loose. Ore, limestone carbonate, on fossilifer- 
ous limestone, 12 in. thick, outcropping both sides the creek valley ; yields 40 per 
cent ; capacity of furnace 10 tons per day. Iron No. 1 forge. (P. K., cor.) Made 
more metal in 1856 than any previous year. 

380. CATFISH Furnace.— On the Allegheny, 3 m. north of the Great Western 
Iron Works (Brady's Bend), at the mouth of Catfish Creek, on the Kittanning and 
Clarion road, 5 m. south of Remersburg, 5 m. west of Franklin Furnace. Has 2 
tubs 5 ft. diameter. Ores, carbonate and bog, i m. north, 1 to 6 feet thick, on the 
river hill. Other ores in abundance. (Cor.) In 1S37 commenced middle of May, 
and chilled ; made say 600 tons 1837. Have stock for say 700 tons in 1858. Shriver 
and Dilworth have bought at sherifi''s sale the personal property, and are renters 
under J. L. Miller. (Dec. 1857.) 

381. BLACK FOX Furnace.— On the Allegheny River, 1 m. above Miller's Eddy, 
6 m. north of Brady's Bend, on the Brady's Bend — Clarion Road, 20 m. south of 
Clarion. Has 2 tubs 4x4. Ore, red limestone (buhrstone), from 6 to 12 inch, 
thick ; openings in all directions, from 1 to 5 miles hauling. (E. N., cor.) 

382. MAPLE Furnace. — On Little Bear Creek, 4 m. west of the Allegheny River, 
12 m. north of Brady's Bend, on Brady's Bend — Franklin Road. Has 2 tubs 3x4; 
15 r., loose. Ore, carbonate; 3 principal mines, 3 m. south. 4J m. south, 6 m. 
south ; also one 3 miles east. In 1854 Mr. Adams got possession in July, and made 
300 tons. (Correspondence.) 

383. DUDLEY Furnace.— J m. E. of Martinsbnrg, 2^ W. of Allegheny River, 
"near Maple Furnace;" fired up for the first time Dec. 13, 1857. 

384. KENSINGTON Furnace.— Formerly owned by Church, Carnthers & Co. 
Then by A. W. Crawford & Co., Lawrenceburg, 1849. (C. E. S.) Abandoned in 
the fall of 1835 for want of ore, and all the machinery removed. (Mr. Speer.) 

385. OLD BEAR CREEK Furnace. — 1 m. back of Lawrenceburg, on the west 
side of the Alleglieny River, above Brady's Bend ; abandoned many years ago and 
dilapidated. Built by H. Baldwin, J. K. McNickle, Col. W. Robinson, Jun., of 
Pittsburg, in 1824-3 ; after the tariff. Bad location. 

386. HICKORY Furnace.— On Slippery Eock Creek, at the falls, 26 S. of Frank- 
lin, on the main road to Pittsburg, 20 E. of Newcastle, 2^ N. of 4 corners of Pitts- 
burg — Erie pike and Pittsburg — Franklin pike. Has 2 tubs (and a receiver) 7x3 
stroke, 10 r. Ore, soft red, limestone, lying on the foss. lime, in waves, average 
lOinch. thick, 40 per cent. Banks 2^ m. N. and N. east; 2^ west, 3^ east, 4 S. west. 
Makes chiefly foundry iron. (S. Foltz, corr.) 

387. MARION Furnace. — On the head waters of Slipperyrock Creek ; is said to 
run 2r tons per day for 5 or 6 months each year. (Foltz, of ilazeppa, Tenn.) Water- 
power not good ; stopped long each year ; working up stock now ; has a very fine 
coal for coking; ore buhrstone. (E.) Has made 400 t. ? in 1857. 

388. STAPLEY Furnace. — 3 or 4 miles E. of Glen (on the Allegheny Eiver), and 
IJ m. W. of the road 12 miles S. of Shippensville ; has one iron 0^ cyl. Blew in 
in 1834, and made say 900 tons; has run regularly ever since, making about 30 
tons a week for 9 mouths of the year. (Evans.) Charles Shippen, manager. 

389. RICHLAND Furnace.— On run, north of Clarion Eiver ; built by the owner, 
living at the furnace, 2\ m. from Emlenton. 

390. JEFFERSON Furnace.— On Beaver Creek, 3 m. W. of Clarion Eiver, 8 m. 
E. of Allegheny River, 14 m. W. of Clarion. Has 2 tubs 6 x 50 inch, stroke, 3^ r.,- 
tight. Ores fossil (limestone) and bog, at the furnace 100 feet above on the hill 
side, and also 3 m. south. The furnace will be abandoned next year for want of 
timber. Makes forge iron. (S. F. P., corr.) 

391. PROSPECT Furnace.- On Cherry Run, at the Callensburg— Catfish Furnace 
road crossing, 1 m. south of Callensburg, li m. south of Clarion Eiver, 6 m. from 
the Allegheny Eiver. Has 2 tubs 6 x 4J, 3^ r., loose. Ore blue limestone, outcrop 



FURNACES. 



122 

AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION. 



TABLE H— 



SITtTATION ; OWNERS ; P. 0. ADDRESS ; LESSEES AND MANAGERS. 



■WHEN 
BUILT OR 
REBUILT, 



13. HOETHWEST PENNSYLVANIA. 



359. 
360. 
361. 
362. 
363. 

364. 
365. 
366. 
367. 

368. 
369. 
370. 
371. 

372. 
373. 
374. 
375. 
376. 

377. 
378. 
379. 
380. 
381. 

382. 
383. 
384. 
385. 
386. 

387. 
388. 
389. 
390. 
391. 

392. 
393. 
394. 
395. 
396. 

397. 
398. 
399. 
400. 
401. 

402. 
403. 
404. 
40.5. 
406. 

407. 
408. 
409. 
410. 
411. 

412. 
413. 
414, 
415. 
416. 

417. 
418. 
419. 
420. 
421. 

422. 
423. 
424. 
425. 
426. 

.427. 
428. 
429. 
430. 
431. 

432. 
433. 
434. 
435. 

436. 
437. 
438. 



Eock. 4 miles east of Warren. 

Winfleld. 8 miles N. N. W. of Freeport. 

Buffalo, No. 1. 6 miles west of Kittanning, and 

Buffalo, No. 2. 40 miles north of Pittsburg. 

Cowansliannock. 3 miles north of Kittanning. 



W. W. Wallace, of Pittsburg, Allegheny Co., Pa. Armstrong 

Winfleld Coal (St Iron Co. D. E. Smith, m. Slate Lick P. 0., Armstrong Co. Butler. 
P. Gruff & Co. Jos. C. King, manager. Kittanning P. 0. Armstronq. 

P. Gruff & Co. Jos. C. King, manager. Kittanning P. 0. Armstrons. 

Jas. E. Brown. Abandoned in 1851. Kittanning P. 0. Armstronh. 



6 miles northeast of Kittanning. 
8 miles N. N. E. of Kittanning. 

10 miles northwest of Kittanning. 
miles north of Kittanning. 

11 miles northeast of Kittanning. 
15 miles northeast of Kittanning. 

17 miles north of east of Kittanning. 
22 miles northeast of Kittanning. 

70 miles north of Pittsburg by 

way of the river. 
35 miles north of Pittsburg by 

land, shortest road, 
miles south of Clarion. 



Pine Creek. 
Ore Hill. 
American. 
Allegheny. 

Stewardson. 
Mahoning, A. 
Olney. 
Phoenix, A. 

Brady's Bend, 1. 
Brady's Bend, 2. 
Brady's Bend, 3. 
Brady's Bend, 4. 
Bed Bank. 

Pike. 19 miles south of Clarion. 
Franklin (WUd Cat). 17 miles north of Kittanning. 

St. Charles. 20 miles north of Kittanning. 

Catfish. 3 miles north of Great Western I. W. 

Black Fox. 6 miles north of Great Western I. W. 

Maple. 12 miles north of Great Western I. W. 

Dudley. 7 miles N. W. of Great Western I. W. 

Kensington. miles west of Great Western I. W. 

Bear Creek. 8 miles N. W. of Great Western I. W. 

Hickory. 14 miles north of Butler. 

Marion. 4 miles north of Harrisville. 

Stapley 4 miles north of Emlenton. 

Eichland. 3 miles east of Stapley Furnace. 

Jefferson. 14 miles west of Clarion. 

Prospect. 1 mile south of Callensburg. 

Eagle, A. 10 miles west of Clarion. 

Tippecanoe. 1 mile above Eagle Furnace. 

Beaver. 5 miles south of Shippenville. 

Buchanan. 4 miles west of Sligo Furnace. 

Sligo. 10 miles south of Clarion. 

Madison. 6 miles southwest of Clarion. 

Martha (Polk). 6 miles south of Clarion. 

Washington. 5 miles south of Clarion. 

Monroe. 6 miles south of Clarion. 

Limestone, A. 8 miles southeast of Clarion. 

ShippeusviUe. 4 miles west of Clarion. 

Mary Ann. 3 miles west of Clarion. 

Deer Creek. 4J^ miles west of Clarion. 

Elk. 5>| miles west of Clarion. 

Clarion. 1}^ miles northwest of Clarion. 



Brown & Mosgrove. James Mosgrove, manager. 
Wm. McCutcheon. Jesse Bell, manager. 
John Jamieson. James Knight. 
A. McNickle, in 1850. Abandoned before 1850. 



Kittanning P. 0. Armstrono. 

Kittanning P. 0. Armstrono. 

Kittanning P. 0. Armstrong. 

Kittanning P. 0. Armstrong. 



Alex. Laughlin. Jos. Steele & E. B. Laughlin, man. Kittanning P. O. Armstrono. 

J. A. Caldwell & Co. Kittanning P. 0. Armstrong. 

John McCrea. W. W. Corbet (1854, '55), manager. Kittanning P. 0. Armstrong. 

Gov. Johnson, of Pittsburg, H. N. Lee, Wm. Philips, Jas. Laughlin. Armstrong. 

Armstrong. 
Armstrong. 
Armstrong. 
Armstrong. 
Armstrong. 



M. P. Sawyer, of Boston, and others. Great Western Iron Works. 

Brady's Bend P. 0. 

Reynolds & Eichie in 18.50. 



Eed Bank P. 0. 

Hunter Orr, owner and manager. Clarion P. 0. 

Juo. L. Miller, Pittsbui-g, late own. Abandoned 1857. Clarion P. 0. 
Patrick Kerr, owner and manager. Clarion P. O. 

Alex. Miller. J. L. Miller, lessee. J. H. Kahl, man. Clarion P. O. 
Jac. Painter, Peter Graff, & Eeub. Bughman. S. Barr, m. Clarion P. 0. 



M. S. Adams, owner and manager. Butler P. 0. 

Crawford & Arnold, Kittanning. Eobt. Crawford, m. Kittanning P.O. 
Lenier & Co., Bankers of N. York. Abandoned 1855. Butler P. O. 
A very old furnace; no information of a reliable kind. Butler P. 0. 

Butler P. 0'. 

Case & Co., owners and managers. Harrisville. 

E. & C. Shippen, owners and managers. Shippenville. 
John Keating, owner and manager. Clarion P. 0. 
S. F. Plumer. Juo. Haslett, manager. Clarion P. 0. 
Moore, Painter & Co. Wm. Moore, manager. Clarion P. O. 

Eeynolds & Kribbs. Geo. Kribbs, manager. Clarion P. 0. 

King & Maxwell. Abandoned 1851. Clarion P. 0. 

Long, Blackstone Si Co. Abandoned 1854. Clarion P. O. 

F. G. Crary. Abandoned 1856. Kittanning, Armstrong Co. 
Lyon, Shorb & Co. Pittsburg, Allegheny Co. 



Clarion. 
Clarion. 
Clarion. 
Clarion. 
Clarion. 

Butler. 
Butler. 
Butler. 
Butler. 
Butler. 

Butler. 

Clarion. 

Clarion. 

Clarion. 

Clarion. 

Clarion. 
Clarion. 
Clarion. 
Clarion. 
Clarion. 



Lyon, Shorb & Co. Pittsburg, Allegheny Co. Clarion. 

Lyon, Shorb & Co. Dismantled & aband. Pittsburg, Allegheny Co. Clarion. 
Lanier & Co., of Now York. Abandoned 1S55. Clarion P. 0., Clarion. 

Painter & Smith late o's. W. B, Fetzer &Co. W. B.Fetzer, m, ClarionP.O. Clarion 
J. Painter & G. P. Smith. Abandoned 1853. Clarion P. 0. Clarion. 



Eich. Shippen & Jac. Black. Eobt. Montgomery, man. 

J. & A. Black. Abandoned 1S51.* 

Dr. Mease & Co. Abandoned 1851.* 

Kehl & Call, last lessees. Abandoned 1855. 

Nelson Hetherington. Abandoned 1850; 



Shippensville. Clarion. 

ShippeusviUe. Clarion. 

Clarion P. 0. Clarion. 

Clarion P. O. Clarion. 

Clarion P. 0. Clarion. 



Lucinda. 
Helen. 
Corsica (Mt. 
Forrest. 
Licking. 

Hemlock. 
Clinton. 
President. 
Clay, A. 
Van Buren. 



8 miles north of Clarion. Buchanan & Eeynolds. Eeynolds & Evans, les. C. A. Eankin, m. Clarion P. O. Clarion. 

3 miles east of Lucinda Furnace. Sam. Wilson & D. BIcKim, owners and managers. Strattonville. Clarion, 

Pleas't). 7 miles E. N. E. of Clarion. John P. Brown, owner & manager. Clarion P. 0. Clarion. 

Northeast corner of Venango Co. Wm. Cross & Son, owners and managers. TionistaP. 0. Venango. 

10 ? miles north of Clarion. Eobt. Elliott, last owner. Abandoned 1856. Tylersburg P. O. Venango. 

12 miles northwest of Clarion. F. & W. M. Faber, of Pittsburg. Franklin P. 0. Venango. 

14 miles north of Clarion. S. F. Plumer (since 1852). Wm. Holliss, manager. Clarion P. 0. Venango. 
16 miles northwest of Clarion. Arnold Plumer (late). E. Clapp. Prob'y aband. 1854(</oTOg'1858). Franklin P. O.Venango. 

20* miles northwest of Clarion. Edmund Evaus, owner and manager. Franklin P. O. Venango. 

2 miles S. E. of Franklin, on river. Uhlmann Si Evans, owners. Franklin P. 0. Venango. 



Glen(Porterfield). 20 miles below Franklin, on river. 
Eockland. 15 miles below Franklin, on river. 

Bullion Run. 15 miles south of Franklin, 

■lane. 15 miles south of Franklin. 

Slab. 6 miles southwest of Franklin. 



Sandy, 1. 

Eeymilton. 

Orleans. 

Venango. 

Valley. 

Mill Creek, A. 

Webster. 

Texas. 

Union. 

Victoria. 

North Bend. 
Jackson. 
Liberty. 
Erie. 



8 miles W. S. W. of Franklin. 
10 miles W. S. W. of Franklin. 
5 miles northwest of Franklin. 
15 northeast of Franklin. 
8 miles northwest of Franklin. 



miles 
miles 
miles 
miles 
miles 



of Franklin, 
of Franklin, 
of Franklin, 
of Franklin, 
of Franklin. 



miles of Franklin, 

miles , of Franklin. 

10 miles southeast of Meadville. 
miles southeast of Erie. 



Chas. Shippen, Stapley Furn., own. Aband. eng. rem'd. Emlenton P.O. Venango. 
E. W. & H M. Davis, owners. E. W. Davis, man. Eockland P. O. Venango. 
Wm. Cross & Son, owners and managers. Cliutonville P. 0. Venango. 

Wm. Cross & Son, owners and managers. Cliutonville P. O. Venango. 

Watteman, Larimer & Co., owners. Stopped. Franklin P. 0. Venango. 

C. M. Eeed, of Erie, Pa., owner. Aband. some years. Franklin P. 0. Venango. 

A. W. Eaymond, of Brady's Bend, owner. Franklin P. 0. Venango. 

A. W. Eaymond, of Brady's Bend, owner. Aband. Utica, P. 0. Venango. 

John Anderson, Pittsburg, Allegheny Co., Pa., own. Franklin P. 0, Venango. 

Owner unknown. Furnace abandoned many years. Franklin P. O. Venango. 

Chas. Shippen, of Shippenville, Clarion Co. Aband. Mill Creek P. 0. Venango. 
Dempsey & Wick, o'rs. Dempsey, less. 1849. Aband. Eockland P. 0. Venango. 
Mr. Stannard, own. (A. W. Porter in 1849). Aband. Franklin P. 0, Venango. 
Judge McCalmont, own. Guest, Williams & Co., 1849. Abd. Frank'n P.O. Venango. 
Eitchie & Eeynolds, on'rs. Alex. Hays, 1849. Aband. Franklin P.O. Venango. 

John W. Hickman, own. Hoover (St Eens, 1849. Aband. Franklin P.O. Venango. 
Eobinson& Co., on'rs. N. B. & D. P. Hatch, 1849. Aband. Cass P. O. Venango. 
Lowry & Co., Meadville, builders. Aband. years ago. Sugar Cr. P. 0. Crawford. 
Chas. M. Eeed, of Erie, Pa., owner. Abandoned years ago. Erie P. 0. Erie. 



Annandale. 20 miles northeast of Mercer. 

Sandy, 2. 20 miles northeast of Mercer. 

Harry of the West. 16 miles north of Mercer. 



Charles M. Eeed, of Erie, Pa., owner. 
Charles M. Eeed, of Erie, Pa., owner. 
Gen. Jas. Irwin, of Bellefonte, Centre Co., Pa. 



Erie P. 0. Merger. 

Erie P. 0. Mercer. 

Abandoned since 1S51. Mercer. 



1847 
1848 
1846 
18.39 
1845 

1846 
1845 
1846 
1830 

1851 
1845 
1847 
1846 

1840 
1841 
1843 
1846 
1842 

1845 
1843 
1844 
1846 
1844 

1843 
1857 
1847 
old. 
1840 

1848 
1854 
1846 
1838 
1845 

1846 
1844 
1835 
1844 
1845 

1836 
1845 
1846 
1845 
1845 

1832 
1844 
1844 
1842 
1848 

1833 
1845 
1847 
1853 
1845 

1845 
1841 
1847 
1832 
1832 

18 

1832 

1843 

1838 

1834 

1838* 

1843 

1845 

1830 

18 

18.35 
1839 
1844 
1844 
1844 

1844 
1835 
1842 
1842 

1843 
1846 
1848 



Continued on pp. 126, 127. 



123 



CONTINUED. 



OFFICE 141 S. EIGHTH ST., PHILADELPHIA. 



AprU 1, 1858. 






«a S g => Jj 5 o.^ P. 



of of of 

ore. power, iron. 



i^ ^ 



PRODUCTION. 



1849. 



1854. 



1855. 



Wks. 



■Wk-s. 



1856. 

Wks. 



ISST. 
"Wks. 



13. NORTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA. 



Eock 
Winfield 
Buffalo, 1 
Buffalo, 2 
Cowanshan. 



Pine Creek 10 32 

Ore Hill 814 3^ 

America 8 28 
AUeglieny 

Stewardson llj^ 

Mahoning, A 10 

Olney ^9 

Plioenix, A 8 



Brady's B., 1 14 
Brady's B., 2 14 
Brady's B., 3 11 
Brady's B., 4 11 
Eed Bank 9 



Pike 
Franklin 
St. Charles 
Catfish 
Black Fox 



3.i9. 
360, 
361. 
362. 
363. 

364. 
36.3. 
366. 
367. 

368. 
369. 
370. 
371. 

272. 
373. 
374. 
375. 
376. 

377. 
378. 
379. 
380. 
381. 

382. Maple 

383. Dudley 

384. Kensington 

385. Bear Creek 

386. Hickory 

387. Marion 

388. Stapley 

389. Richland 

390. Jefferson 

391. Prospect 

392. Eagle, A 

393. Tippecanoe 

394. Beaver 

395. Buchanan 

396. Sligo 

397. Madison 
368. Martha 

399. Washington 

400. Monroe 

401. Limestone 

402. Shippensville 

403. Mary Ann 

404. Deer Creek 

405. Elk 

406. Clarion 

407. Lncinda 

408. Helen 

409. Corsica 

410. Forest 

411. Licking 

412. Hemlock 

413. Clinton 

414. President 

415. Clay, A 

416. Van Buren 

417. Glen 

418. Eockland 

419. Bullion Eun 

420. Jane 

421. Slab 

422. Sandy, A 

423. Eeymilton 

424. "Orleans 

425. Venango 

426. Valley 

427. Mill Creek 

428. Webster 
429 Texas 

430. Union 

431. Victoria 

432. North Bend 

433. Jackson 

434. Liberty 

435. Erie 



30 
37 
35 
36 
? 



7V^ 
10 
8 
9 



40 
33 
32 
30 

50 
50 
43 
43 
32 

30 
28 
33 
30 

30 



30 



8 32 

8 30 

8 30 

8 33 

8 30 

8 30 

8 32 

9 33 

8 30 

9 32 

9 32 

9 30 

8ii 32 

8 30 

8 ? 



32 



8 30 

8 30 

8 32 

8 30 

8 32 

7>i 30 

7M 30 

9^ 33 

8 30 

7X 30 

7 30 



? „? „0 

1.8 0.5 „8 „12 

2.0 „9 ,,9 

2.0 ,,9 „9 

? ,,8 ,,0 

22 2 ,,9 ,,8 

17 „S ,,0 

2 3 „9 „10 



2 5 7, ,14, ,14 

2 ,,10 „0 

19 0,,10 „9 

■? ,,? ,,0 

7.0 11„12„16 

7.0 11 ,,12, ,16 

6-0 in„10,,14 

5 10 ,,10 ,,14 

? „? „0 

2.0 ,,? ,,? 

1.7 ,,? „0 

2.2 1 „9 .. 

2 2 ,,? „0 

1.7 2 „9 „9 



30 15 „9 ,,7 



1 5 



„0 



28 l.i 



,,7 ,,0 



30 
30 
30 
30 
30 

33 
30 
27!^ 
.30 " 
27 



? „? ,,0 

? „? ,,0 

? „? „0 

15 „9 „0 

17 1.5 „S „8 

1.7 0,,10 „0 
? „? „0 

2 0„10 ,,8- 
? „? ,,0 

1.9 ,>12 „12 

1.9 0„12„12 

1.8 0.5 „10 ,,0 
2.0 ,,10 ,,8 

1.7 ,,8 „0 
? „? „0 

1.8 0„]0 „8 
? ,,? „0 
? „? „0 

1.8 ,,? „0 

? „9 ,,0 

1.5 ,,9 ,,8 

? „8 ,,0 

1.5 ,,S ,,? 

3 „? „? 
? „? „0 

? „? ,,0 

1.7 „9 „0 
? ,,? ,,0 

1.8 0„10 „0 
2.* ,,? ,,0 

? „? „0 

? „? „0 

? „? „0 

? „? ,,0 

? ,,S „0 

1.9 ,,8 „0 
2.3 0„10„10 
10. ,,? „? 

? ,,? ,,0 

1 .. .. 



S'^ 30 

Sii ? 

8 ? 

8i ? 

8.1 ? 

8.1 ? 

7 27 



„? 

„? 

,,? 

„? 



? ,,? 

? „? 

? „? 

? ,,? „0 



436. Annandale 7 27 

437. Sandy, 2 8 30 

438. Harrv ofWt 9 JO 



? 



,,? 



C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 

C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 

C. 

c. 
c. 
c. 

c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 

c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 

c. 
c. 
c. 
c- 
c. 

c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 

c. 
c. 
c 
c. 
c. 

c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 

c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 

c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 

c. 
c. 
c. 
c 
c. 

c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 

c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 



steam ii. m. 

Steam i. II. 

Steam i. ii. 

Steam ii. 

Water ii. in. 

steam i. ii. in. 

Steam ii. in. 

Steam ii. in. 

II. III. 

Steam i. n. 

Steam n. iii. 

Water i. ii. in. 

Water n. in. 

Steam ii. in. 

Steam n. in. 

Steam n. in. 

'Steam n. in. 

Steam n. ui. 

Steam ii. in. 

Steam n. in. 

Steam n. in. 

Steam n. in. 

Steam n. in. 

Steam ii. in. 

Steam n. in. 

Water n. in. 

Water n. in. 

Water n. in. 

Water n. in. 

Steam II. in. 

Steam n. in. 

Steam n. in. 

Steam n. in. 

Water ii. in. 
S. & W. n. in. 
S. & W. n. in. 

Water i. ii. 

Steam n iii. 

Steam i. n. ni. 

Steam n. in. 

Steam ii. in. 

Water n. in. 

Water ii. in. 

Water ii in. 

Water n. in. 

Water ii. in. 

Water n. in. 

Water ii. in. 

Water ii. iii. 

Steam i. ii. 

Steam ii. in. 

Water ii. ni. 

Water ii. in. 

Steam n. in. 

Steam ii. in. 

Water i. ii. 

Water n. in. 

Water n. in. 

Water ii. in. 

Steam il. iti. 

Water ii. in. 

Water n. in. 

Water ii. in. 

Water n. ni. 

Water n. in. 

Water n. I'li. 

M'ater n. in. 

Water ii. in. 

W. & S. in. 

Water in. 

Water in. 
Water 



in. 



Water in. 

Water in. 

Water n in. 
Water i. ii. 

Water iii. 

Water in. 

Sleara n. in. 



1 „? cold .. 

2 „2^ warm .. 
2„3 600^ .. 
2„3 600° .. 

1 „? cold .. 

2 ,,2X warm .. 
2 ,,2}^ warm . . 
2 ,,2 warm IX 

. . warm . . 



3 ,,2?. 



hot 
cold 



2 „2 cold .. 
1 „? cold .. 

3 „3% 450° 2'4 
3„3?f 450° 2X 
3 „3Xi 450° 2'i( 
3,,3>^ 450° 2X 
2„? cold .. 

1 ,,? warm .. 

1 „? cold .. 

n ,','2i<^ cold '. '. 

2„2}i 600° .. 

1 „3 ? . . 

.. „? hot .. 

2„? cold .. 

1 ,,? cold .. 

1 ,,23^ cold 13^ 

1„? cold .. 

1 „? cold .. 

1 „? cold .. 

1 ,,2J4 warm .. 

2 „3 " cold 1,14' 

1 „2 cold .. 

1 „? cold .. 

n „214 cold . . 

1 „? cold .. 

1 „2}i cold .. 

1 „2)i cold .. 

2„2 cold .. 

n „2}i cold .. 

1 „2)^ cold .. 

1 „V cold . . 

1 ,,2'^ warm . . 

1 „? cold . . 

1 „? cold .. 

1 „? cold .. 

1 „? cold .. 

1 „2>i warm 2'4 

1 „2* cold . . 

2 ,,? warm .. 
1 ,,? warm .. 
1 „? cold .. 

1,,? cold .. 

1„3 cold .. 

1 ,,? cold .. 

1 ,,2i.f cold .. 

l„23i cold .. 



1,200 
2',500 

1,350 
1,350 
1,450 

2,,300 
1,100 
1,050 

1,600 
1,600 
1,600 
1,600 

1,200 
l',300 



1,600 



1,100 



] ,3.30 
1,500 



1,000 
1,600 

1,100 



1,.500 



1 »? 

n „? 
1 „? 
1 „? 



cold 
cold 
cold 
cold 



1 „l}i cold 

1 „3 cold 

1 „3 '.i' 1.50= 

3 „? hot 

1 ,,? cold 

1 „? cold 



1,600 
1,600 



cold 
cold 
cold 
cold 



1 . . cold 

1 .. cold 

1 ? cold 

1 ? cold 

2 ? hot 

2 ? hot 

3 ? hot 



out. 
1,400 

300 
1,800 

400 



75 2 
2,060 34 
1,491 31 
2,0.31)^42 



100 
1,.350 
1.719 

1,798 



to be rebuilt. 
1,400* 24 

out. 
2,081 46 



out still. 



abandoned for seven years ; the dam good 



1,436 2,1231 42 
1,610 1,458 37 
700 1,6.50 

abandoned. 

not built. 2,100 39 

1,493 1,847 42 
800 534 20 

1,010 abandoned 

not built. 3,897i 47 
not built. 3,938 47 
not built. 1,745 18 
not built. 1,869 
1,900 2,000* 40 



8,30 
912 

soo 
1,120 

950 



1,200'S 
1,350 
2,000? 
1,094 
1,070 30 



2,1S61 42 1,295 26 

1,805 45 1,325 41 abandoned. 

1,150 1,600 41 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

2,000* 37 1,147 32 

1,998 48 1,796 46 

66S 23 out. out still, 
for four years ; stack still stands. 

out. 5,391 52 

285 4 5,576 52 

out. 147 2 

218 4 out. 

2,000* 40 440 10 

900* 1,012 36 

1,100* 1,380 40? abandoned. 

1,400* 2,000* 50 

850 9251 33 

1,543 1,353 35 



1,000 700* 700* 810 24 

not built, not built, not built, not built in Dec. 15, 1857. 

600 2.30 830? abandoned, abandoned, 

abandoned many years ago and dilapidated, abandoned. 
650 100 4 750 20 30 Ii 



700 

not built. 

1,060 

1,200 

700 

8.50 

800 
1,050 

830 
1,215 

1,421 

600 

1,420 

700 

316 

1,200 
450 
100 
500 
600 

1,280 

1,000 

830 

not built. 

400 



SOO 
650 
500 
800 
1,630 431 



800* 
600* 



out. 
1,401 



100? 
1,000* 40* 
600? 
600* 
39 1,450 39i 



600 24 7.30 22 800* 18 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

300 22 abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

1,.300* 44 1,,300* 44 385 13 abandoned. 
1,524 41 1,691 36 1,998 43 

1,689 44 1,.324 37 2,140 45 

1,260 44? 966 36? 2.50* 10* dismantled. 

706 abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

400 21 393i- 18 out. 200* 10* 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

.338 19 1,098 41 1,229 43 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

400* 400* abandoned, abandoned, 

abandoned seven years; has timber but no ore. 



845 31 
910 30* 
600? 
480* 
400? 

986 1,000* 43* 

500 1,.540 

509 out and 

500 600 30* 

700 300 20* 



1,053 35 
831 28* 
650? 
450* 
400? 



995 31 

756 25 

400? 

450* 

200* 20? abandoned. 



850* 40* 910* 40* out now. 
1,,300 1,620 43 

uncertain when will blow in. 

450 25* 65 4 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 



? 

200 
out. 
480 
400 

653 
450 
700 
250 
out. 



500 
out. 
150 
200 

out. 
310 
out. 
300 

out. 
200 
500 



abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

600 500 SOO? 

2.50 300? 250? 

600 26* 550 26* 600* 26* 

352 28 abandoned, abandoned, blew in sum- 

350 22 400 28 235 12 [merof'57. 

800 38 500 25 350 15 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned many years and now in ruins. 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
aban-doned. ab?.ndoned. abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
abandoned eight years and is now in ruins, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, in ruins, 
abandoned but still reported to be in order, 
abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 



COSTINDED ON PP. 126, 127. 



124 



weathering to a hematite, from many hanks 1-3 miles south and west ; at present 
25 m. east, 3i north, 3 m. E. of north ; veins generally light, hence the numerous 
openings. Mill iron 1836 ; but previously better suited for foundry purposes. (Corr.) 

392. EAGLE Furnace A.— On Canoe Creek, 1 m. N. from Clarion River, 10 m. 
east of Allegheny River, 8 m. south of Bellefoute and Erie Pike, 10 m. "W. of Clarion 
and 6.5 N. E. Pittsburg. Has 2 tubs, 7 x 4, IJ rev., loose. Ore soft, red, limestone 
(buhrstone) 1 to 2 ft. thick, i m. S. west. 

393. TIPPECANOE Furnace. — On the same stream, built by Black and Maxwell, 
and bought and run by King and Maxwell until 1851, when it was abandoned. 
Cold blast charcoal, capacity 30 tons a Week. Same ore as that now used by Eagle 
Furnace. (Clark. Myers.) 

394. BEAVER Furnace.— On Deer Paint Creek, 2| m. below Shippeu F. Was 
built by Long, Blackstone & Co., Jan. 16, 1S3S, and is still owned by them ; blast 
like that of Lucinda F. Abandoned in 1S.54, on account of sulphur in ore. Had 
made as high as 1,500 tons in a year. The last blast was hot. Had 2 tubs iron 0^, 
3 X 5 ft. stroke. (D. B. L.) 

395. BUCHANAN Furnace. — On Clarion Eiver, near Callensburg; "was blown 
out on the 30th April, 1856, and will never start again, all the timber being used 
that can be with profit, and the furnace is destroyed. The above is very near the 
actual make." (Fred. G. Crary's corres.) Averaged 1,500* tons for the last 5 years. 
(McC.) 

396. SLIGO Furnace.— On Licking Creek, Piney Township, 3 m. S. W. of Curls- 
ville P. 0., 10 miles S. of Clarion. Has 2 tubs 40 in. x 3, ,10 stroke, 8^ rev. tight. 
Ore argillaceous carbonate, 6 to 30 in. thick, i m. N. E. 

397. MADISON Furnace.— On Piney Creek, in Piney Township, 6 m. S. W. of 
Clarion P. 0. Has 2 tubs 4 x 4, 8 r. Ore argill. carbonate, 6 to 30 in. thick, 3 to 4 
m. south, S. east, S. west. Steam gas taken off at tunnel-head. (Corr.) 

398. MARTHA Furnace, old POLK.— On the KittanningClarion road, 6 miles S. of 
Clarion, 4 north of Curlsville, J m. S. of Piney Creek. C. Myers, of Clarion, built and 
owned it in 1849. Nelson Hetherington since 18.54. Now Lyon, Shorb & Co., Pittsburg, 
who dismantled and removed machinery to Bald Eagle Furnace, Centre Co. Flues 
20 X 16 in. immediately under tunnel-head plate. Had 2 iron, round, double acting 
blast cylinders. Pleutv of buhrstone ore close by, but no timber left. Made 1852 
(from April to April), 956 ; 1853, 1,068; 1854, 1,260 ; 185.5, 966 tons. Finally blew 
out in February 1856. (N. Heth.) Usual time of blast from May 1 to March 15. 
The 250* tons in the table under 1856 represents the amount made at the end of 
the last blast, and is balanced in 1854 by an equal amount from the end of the 
blast of 1833. (J. P. L.) 

399. WASHINGTON Furnace.- On N. W. side of Piney Creek, 1^ mile east of 
the Kittanning Clarion Road. Was built and run by D. B. Long & Blackstone, and 
run then by Wilson Bell, now of Texas. Stopped in spring of 1855. Had 2 round, 
iron double acting cyl. 3 x 5, 10 r. Made foundry and forge iron. Ore buhrstone, 
red porous limestone. Ore near the furnace. 

400. MONROE Furnace.— On Piney Creek, at the crossing of the Clarion— Greens- 
ville — Kittanning road. Has 2 tubs 6 x 32 inch, stroke, 2 revolutions per minute, 
loose. Ore "magnetic" [of course this is a mistake, and is noticed here to afford 
the opportunity of correcting it, and it not unfrequently occurs. Magnetic ores all 
belong to older rocks than any in the coal regions ; but some of the later ores 
become magnetic when roasted. The ore used by this furnace is carbonate], 12 
inch thick, from drifts ^ to 2 miles southwest. (Corr.) Made something this latter 
summer, under Strickler & Fulton. (Jan. '58.) 

401. LIMESTONE (A) Furnace.— On Piney Creek ; built by John & Jacob B. 
Lyon ; blew in in 1846, and until 1851, when Mr. Fetzer took and run it a year or 
two, making in 1852 and 1853, say 300 tons. Cold blast ; water power. Abandoned. 

402. SHIPPENSVILLE Furnace.— At forks of Deer and Paint Creeks, 4 miles 
above Clarion Eiver, 1 mile S. of Shippensville. Owned by R. S. & J. B. for 25 
years. Has 2 wood round double acting cylinders. Ore buhrstone, washed, 
yielding say 35 per cent., near the furnace. Furnace blew in July 23, '54, out May 
15, '53, made 1,190 tons. In Sept. 3 and out May 15, '56, made 921 tons. In June 
20, and out April 2.5, '57, made 1,174 tons. In June 21 and made up to Dec. 19, 
1857, 648 tons. (From the books.) Made therefore in 18.57, 1,096 tons, 42 weeks. 

403. MARY ANN Furnace — 1 mile east of Shippensville, where the C. & F. Pike 
crosses Paint Cr., J mile above Shippensville Furnace ; built and run by J. & A. 
Black until 1851.* Ore same as Shippensville F. Cold blast. Abandoned. 

404. DEER CREEK Furnace. — i mile west of Shippensville where the Clarion 
and Franklin Pike crosses Deer Creek ; built by Hasson & Carr, and run by Hasson 
two years, and then by Dr. Mease & Co., until 1851*, when it was abandoned, 
(Carr owns St. Charles.) Cold blast charcoal. 

405. ELK Furnace. — On Deer Creek (nicknamed Soapfat), 1 mile above the pike 
ridge. Was owned by M. B. Feltzer, in 1849, and abandoned in the fall of 1853 
for the want of ore and timber, after being run one year by Kehl and Call. The 
ore was buhrstone, close by. Had 2 wood round double acting cyl. 5 x^5, 10 to 12 
rev. (D. B. Long.) 

406. CLARION Furnace.— On Clarion Eiver. Abandoned July 1, 1850, for want 
of ore, timber being abundant enough to inn a furnace 50 years, and paying well 
as lumber. 

407. LUCINDA Furnace.— On Paint Creek. Has 2 tubs 5 x 4, 2^ r., tight. Ores 
(buhrstone) drifted and stripped, 2 to 6 miles west, 1 m. south, i m. east; 12 to 24 
inches thick. Gray, foundry metal. (Corr.) Rented by Nathan Evans, and owned 
by President Buchanan and Reynold's heirs of Lancaster, Pa. Timber is getting 
scarce and the furnace is preparing to go out of blast and be abandoned. (Dec. 
25, 1857.) Will go out about 1 July, 1858, and will have made certainly for the 
year preceding that time 11-1,000 tons. (Mr. Evans.) 

408. HELEN Fnrnace.— 8 miles due north of Clarion, between little Toby and 
Clarion River, 1 m. from last and on road to Scotchhill P. O. Is in blast (Dec. 
19, 1857). Built and run by Barber & Packer of Clarion, until March, 1852 ; bought 
by S. Wilson ; idle 2 years ; started again 1554, and has made regular blasts ever 
since, from July or August on until Jan. or Feb. of each year. Blast of 1836, com- 
menced middle of August and ran until March. Started again Sept. 1857 and 
stopped lately (Dec. 24), on act. of the badness of the roads for hauling char- 
coal. Will make 700 tons this blast. Tlas 2 round wood single acting tubs. 
Ore buhrstone 10 to 26 inch, thick on a twelve to 24 inch limestone, mined back of 
the tunnel-head and the furthest bank is half a mile. 

409. MT. PLEASANT Furnace, now Corsica.— On a run, i mile S. E. of Clarion 
River, 2 m. N. of Roseburg. Has 2 round cast-iron doiible acting cylinders, about 
3 X 5. Ore the lower or buhrstone vein in the neighborhood. Makes about 20 
tons a week for 4 or 5 months of the year (]\I.) Doing a small business and going 
in 1857 say 5 or 6 months ; not 600 tons. (Corr.) Six rings in the oven, on the 
pattern invented by Jas. E. Brown, and used by the furnaces in this region that 



use warm blast. The rings are set horizontally over each other with vertical con- 
tinuous connecting flues, and heat the blast little above what the hand can bear. 

410. FOREST Furnace.- On Little Hickory Run, 1 m. E. of the AHegheny Riv., 
6 m. from Tionista P. 0. Built by Mr. Cross & Son. Heats warm with goose- 
necks ; has made 12 to 15 tons for 8 months of the year, regularly, say 450 tons. 

411. LICKING Furnace. — 1 m. W. of Tylersbnrg. John G. Sigworth, owner. 
Blew out in 1851. David Elliott then bought and run it 3 or 4 years, and in the 
spring of 1856, sold it to R. & K. Elliott, who blew it a month, when it was sold by 
the sheriff, about July 1, 1S36. John Leech afterwards used up the 100 tons of 
stock remaining, making about 200 tons for the blast of 1856. 

412. HEMLOCK Furnace.— 2 miles N. W. of Freiburg (old Cobb Settlement). 
Was built and run by McGuire and Fetzer until 18.52-3. It has been a good fur- 
nace, making as much as Martha, and could make 1,600 tons with a full stock all 
the year round. Ran regularly until the spring of 1856. (Heth.) Made on an 
average 900 to 1,000 tons (McC), say 1,000 tons during the last blast. (Heth.) Mr. 
Fabre commenced 18.53, and made say 500 tons ; from April 1854 to January 30, 
1855, 10 months, say 1,100 tons ; then to April, 1836, 1,050 tons, and afterwards in 
the fall of 1856, 610 tons. Steam engine 40 horse power ; boilers heated at tunnel- 
head. (Mr. Fabre.) 

413. CLINTON Furnace.— On Hemlock Creek, 8 m. east of Allegheny Elver. 
Has 2 tubs 7 x 50 inch, stroke, making together 8 tub fulls per minute, tight. Ore 
fossil (buhrstone), 12 inch, thick, 10 different openings, 2 m. south. Good forge 
iron. (S. F. P., corr.) 

414. PRESIDENT Furnace.— On Hemlock Run, between Cobb Settlement (12- 
14 m. N. W. of Clarion) and the Allegheny Eiver ; built and run by Mr. Ealph 
Clapp ; has not been in blast for 3 or 4 years and it is uncertain when it will be. 
(A. Plumer, corr., spring of 1857.) In summer of 1857 the furnace was making 14 
tons a week out of a small stock of bog ore, making very good foundry iron. 
Plenty of wood and enough ore for a long blast. (Dec. 23, 1857.) 

415. CLAY Furnace. — Sn Horse Creek, 10 miles east of Franklin ; Edmund Evans 
owner and manager, now living in Franklin, the furnace having been out of blast 
for a year. (Mr. Speer, Dec. 21, 1857.) Made probably nothing in 1856, and is aban- 
doned for the present. Had 1 double acting round wooden cyl. 65* x 21* feet 
stroke. (Evans.) 

416. VAN BUEEN Furnace. — Venango Co., on Two Mile Eun, one mile east of 
the Allegheny Eiver. Has two wooden 0^ 4x5. Has not been in blast for two 
years and is abandoned. Ore, principally bog ore near the furnace, making fine 
foundry iron, and very little but very rich cinder. The cinder pile contains from 
ten to twenty thousand tons, and will soon be worked ; it contains say 20 per cent. 
iron. Also some wash, pot ore. (Ed. Evans, Dec. 26, '57.) 

417. GLEN Furnace (called also Porterfleld). — Venango Co., on the Allegheny 
Eiver, 4 miles above Emlentown (?), near the Venango and Clarion County 
corner ; built and owned by Mr. Porterfleld ; has not been in blast since 1851 or 2. 

418. ROCKLAND Furnace. — Venango Co., on the east bank of the Allegheny, 
opposite the Falls. Was run by Mr. Speer (late of Winfleld F. Butler Co.), from 
1844 to 1849, never making over 700-800 tons. Stood idle two years. Eun by 
Saml. Dempsey three years. The Davises commenced in 18.53 or 4. At present in 
hands of assignees. Cooper and Lavely, Murphy Furnan & Co., H. Childs & Co. 
The original ore was hard kidney ore, " not good." In 1854 the limestone (buhr) 
ore was discovered. (Long. — Evans.) 

419. BULLION EUN Furnace. — Venango Co., on Bullion Eun, a branch of 
Scrubgrass, 1 mile west of Allegheny River; built by McKee and Cross. Changed 
hands several times. Run by Day in 1856, and made some 2 or 300 tons. Sold 
Jan. 1857, and made about 100 tons. Sold again Sep. 1857 to W. C. & Son. Since 
been running on the stock collected in spring and summer, and will make a 
better blast than usual. Working up also a rich cinder pile. Ore hard, kidney. 

420. JANE Furnace. — ^Venango Co., on Scrubgrass Cr., west of the Allegheny 
River, ^ m. from Clintonville ; built by Wm. Cross & Son, who have run it ever 
since, say 15 years. It now makes about 18 tons a week, running with regularity 
year after year, stopping for low water, repairs and stock. (Evans.) 

421. SLAB Furnace. — Venango Co., on East Sandy Creek, 3 miles west of the- 
Allegheny. Is totally vacated. J. Hughes bought the personal property and 
stack from Myers and Hunter, and made in 1854 about 332 tons, and abandoned it 
June, 1855. Has 2 tubs 5x4. Ore, flag and bog; principal beds 2 miles east; 
one south. (J. Hughes, corr.) It has gone again into blast in the summer of 1857. 

422. SANDY Furnace. — Venango Co., on South Sandy Creek, IJ miles north of 
the Franklin-Pittsburg road ; 2^ miles south of the Franklin-Mercer road. Has 
2 tubs, 3.7 diam. x 4.7 feet stroke, 12* revolutions per minute, loose. Ore fossil 
(limestone), to the southwest ; principal opening IJ- miles, 7 inch thick ; another ; 
4J miles, 5 inch thick. Iron made, "medium for mills." (Correspondence.) 

423. REYMILTON Furnace. — Venango Co., on Sandy Creek, 6 miles below the 
lake, i mile north of the Franklin-Mercer State Road. Has 2 tubs 4 x 4, 8 rev., 
tight ; water-wheel crank, direct attachment. Ore abounds in the vicinity in 
regular horizontal beds 8 to 18 inch, thick, hematized for 4 feet in from the surface ; 
chiefly on the south, very little on the north side of Sandy ; which may be called 
the northern limit in this region of both ore and coal, neither having as yet been 
found 2 miles beyond it worth working. Ore principally used, an 8 or 12 inch, 
bed of red flag, over limestone. A vein of blue rock ore (carb. iron) 2 feet thick, 
near the furnace, works well when calcined. All these ores are about 33 per cent. 
The coal beds are from 3 to 4^ feet thick, and handy, but have never yet been used 
for making iron. Furnace generally blows in in September and runs out of stock 
in April, 5 to 7 months, averaging 100 tons per month. In 18.54-5, in blast 9 months 
and made over 800 tons. Always subject to more or less stoppage from various 
causes. J3= Furnace, Grist Mill, Saw Mill, Mansion, Store, tenant houses, shops, 
&c., all in good repair, for sale ; with 13 feet water power and 225 acres of land 
on the Venango R. R. location line. Price $12,000 ; possession given 60 days from 
sale. Grist Mill rents for $750. Address A. W. Raymond, Utica, Venango Co., 
Pa. (A. W. R., corres.) 

424. ORLEANS Fnrnace. — Venango Co., on Sugar Creek, 2 miles above French 
Creek ; has a heating apparatus like Brady's Bend Furnace, -and was experimented 
with by A. W. Raymond, its tunnel-head being once as much as 10 feet. It has 
made nothing since about 1852. (Evans.) 

42.5. VENANGO Fnrnace. — Venango Co., on Oil Creek, near Dempseytown; has 
been out many years. (Long.) 

426. VALLEY Furnace — Venango Co., on French Creek, in sight of the Water- 
ford and Susquehanna (Franklin and Meadville) Turnpike ; has been out many 
ygars. (Long.) 

434. LIBERTY Furnace. — Crawford Co., on the north side of French Creek and 
the turnpike ; has been out some 8 years. (Long.) 



2^= FOR THE EXCLUSIYE USE OF THE MEMBERS. 

125 



436. ANN ANDALE Furnaces (Sandy 1 and 2). — Mercer Co. ; two stacks on Sandy 
Creek, a mile above Eeymilton Furnace, near the Venango Co. line ; the old stack 
was a i- stack, the new one is large. Both have been out for five years. 

438. HAEKY OF THE WEST Furnace.— Mercer Co., on Little Chenango Eiver, 
2 miles S. of west of Shakelyville, belonged previously to Gen. Irvin's brothers. 
Has been out of blast for 4 or 5 years and dismantled. Used charcoal, and probably 
a warm blast. Has been sold as a farm property. (Maxwell.) 

439. MINEEAL EIDGE Furnace. — Mercer Co., on a small stream, 3 miles from 
Shakelyville and a mile from Harry of the West. Was cold blast, charcoal, 
steam power, until 1856, when it took hot blast. It went out last in the spring of 
1856, making on an average 25 tons a week for 8 months. Previous to the spring 
of 1S36, it ran regularly every year, making from 17 to 20 tons a week for say S 
months in the year. (Maxwell.) 

440. MAEY ANN Furnace. — Mercer Co., on the Shenango Eiver, opposite Green- 
ville ; was built by Himrod & Vincent, and sold to the Irvins, and went back 
to Himrod & Vincent, who sold it again to Steward and States, who ran it 2 years 
and failed Jan. 1855. Has not been run since. During 1853 and 4, it was kept 
pretty steadily in blast ; yielded say 600 tons a year while thus run. Eaw coal, 
hot blast, steam. Limestone ore. (M.) 

441. HAEEIET Furnace. — Mercer Co., a few rods from the last ; was run but a 
short time, and has not been in blast for 4 or 5 years. First class stack. (M.) 

442. HAMBUEG Furnace. — Mercer Co., on the Chenango Eiver, opposite Ham- 
burg; was built by Eichard Mills, formerly of Clarion ; after frequently blowing 
out, it fell into the hands of John Steward & Co., who commenced running it 
1853, and ran it until the summer of 1856, when it was dismantled. The engine 
was taken out summer of 1857 and sent to Brady's Bend. Fuel charcoal at first, 
then raw coal. (M.) John Steward, Eobison & Co. ran it from the spring of 1853, 
to the spring of 1854 ; Sandford blowed it from April to Christmas of 1834, say 8 
months, averaging one says 5 tons a day, another 45 or 50 tons a week. It was 
idle most of the winter, and only made a short blast on the last of the stock, say 
50 tons, stopping finally in March, 1855. The water power was insufficient, and 
the blast too weak. The steam engine is gone and the stack torn down on both 
sides. Fuel raw coal, very good, got 3 miles up the canal ; but the ore and the 
limestone had to be boated from Newcastle. (J. Eankin and others.) 

443. BIG-BEND Furnace (Shenango). — Mercer Co., on a small run (Lackawan- 
nock Eun), near the Shenango Eiver ; has been out about 2 years, since Jan. 1856, 
and is dismantled. The engine is now used at the foundry. It was hot blast, 
charcoal. The property is now farmed by the owner. (Max.) A. L. Crawford 
leased and run it 2 years. Last blast ended Dec. 1834. The engine went steadily 
a little over a year, and the furnace averaged 5 tons a day. Had been idle the 
year previous. Fuel coke ; also raw coal. Ore hard limestone with some Lake 
Champlain ore. Iron made almost altogether forge iron. Gas taken off 8 feet 
down, and carried up high and then off level. Worked well the last blast. 

444. OEEGON Furnace. — Mercer Co., on the Sharon — Mercer Eoad ; has been 
out since 1853, and never made much iron ; the bridge house is rotted down ; the 
stack was not very large but remarkably well made, with a fine large steam 
engine. Charcoal. Cold blast. The stack is good. It has made little or no iron 
since 1847. (W. W. W., Jan. '58.) ' 

445. CLAY Furnace. — Mercer Co., on Anderson's Eun, 1 mile S. of canal, 2J S. E. 
of Clarksville ; has 2 tubs 3 x 5, 12 rev., loose. Ores carbonate and hog, from 
mines 1^ m. S. and E. of Furnace ; ore in ravines and on broken ground exposed 
and washed bare by floods down the small streams. The outcrop ore yields 40 
per cent, when smelted, but the hard ore under cover much less. Veins 8 to 10 
inches thick, under 8 to 10 feet of clay and slate. (Correspondence.) 

446. SHAEPSBUEG Furnace.— Mercer Co., on the Chenango Eiver, in Sharps- 
ville ; was run for two years by D. & J. P. Agnew, and stopped in the fall of 1853. 
(Max.) John Hall began to manage late in 1853, and the furnace was in and out 
until April 1, 18.53, making 200 tons in 11 months. Out repairing until harvest, 
after which a short blast of two months making say 450 tons, after which nothing. 
Has 2 iron 0', 4^ x 4 ft ? r., geared 3x1. Fuel raw coal. Ore hard Newcastle 
limestone ore, mixed with as much Lake Superior as could be got. Never made 
iron right until Lake Superior ere was obtained. (I. Hull, manager.) 

447. SHAEON Furnace. — Mercer Co., on the Chenango Eiver, just above Sharon. 
Has been out two years ; was run after Mr. ShUnberger's death by Mr. Bell. (Max.) 
Purchased in the summer of 1857 by J. B. Curtis. (Max.) Has 2 iron O'', 3.3 x 5 
ft. stroke, 35-40 r. (?) Formerly had wooden tubs, but the blast was not sutficieut 
and the iron replaced them in the summer of 1855, at which time 6 weeks were 
lost in repairs. The old bosh width was 9 feet : the gas flue was frequently changed, 
having been once as low as 17 or 18 feet below the tunnel-head, where however 
it was found that no gas was ready to come off; while above 6 or 7 feet there was 
not burden enough to force the gas forward. The flue top is 6 and bottom 9 feet 
beneath tunnel-head. Fuel raw coal from the neighborhood. Ore, limestone hard 
from Newcastle. Used no Lake Superior ore. Made in the blast of 1854-^, 2,300 
tons mill iron. (J. U. P.) 

448. MIDDLESEX Furnace. — Mercer Co., on Chenango Eiver, and Erie Extension 
Canal, 13 miles N. of Newcastle, 3 miles S. of Sharon, 6 miles E. of Hubbard, 
Ohio; has 2 tubs 3} x 5 ft. stroke, 18 revolutions per minute, tight. Ore hematite 
outcrop of fossil, and blue carbonate rock ore, the former in veins from 1 to 14 
feet, and lying on limestone, from Lawrence Co., 30 miles distant (mouth of Con- 
neconessing), the latter from 1 to 4 miles E. and W. of furnace. (Corresp.) Eaw 
coal. 

449. IRON CITY Furnace.— Mercer Co., on Mercer and W. Middlesex Eoad ; out 
at least 2 years. Charcoal ; steam. (Max.) Not over 7.i0-S00 t. in 1834. Changed 
owners in the spring of 1853, and run up stock, making say 600 t. before blowing 
out Dec. 1835. (W. W. W.) 

450. MAZEPPA Furnace. — Mercer Co., i mile E. of Mercer — Butler Turnpike ; 
has 2 tubs 38 in. x 4 ft. stroke, 10 rev., tight. Ore, carbonate, adjoining the fur- 
nace, 8 to IS in. thick, 8 to 18 feet beneath the surface, on limestone 4 to 24 inches 
thick ; top earth all removed for 400 yards, now clear. Made in 1853, 700 tons. 

451. SPEINGFIELD Furnace. — Mercer Co., on a small run half a mile from 
Leesburg, on the Mercer-Pittsburg Eoad via Harmony. This is the only furnace 
in the County which runs upon kidney ore, all the others using limestone hema- 
tite, except Big Bend, which used bog. It was run by Sherrord & Co., then by 
Sennet & Co. of Erie. Scollard bought it in the month of October, 1837, and has 
made 100 tons (Dec. 26), and will made 100 tons more, and then blow out. It is 
only running up stock, and will then be sold 'by the sheriff. This furnace has not 
stopped every year in the spring like others, hut has supplied the lack of charcoal 
with raw wood. Nothing but lack of ore stopped it. It made about 500 tons a 
year. Probably 811 tons in 1854 means a blast. Was out of blast a good deal in 
in 1857 ; made little until October. (Maxwell.) 



452. TEEMONT Furnace. — Lawrence Co., on a run, i mile S. of New Wilming- 
ton, i mile above Little Neshannoc Creek, 9^ miles south of Mercer. Has 2 iron 
tubs 3i X 5i, 12 r., tight. Ore, limestone carbonate, from a near ravine, 2 beds 
each 6 to 12 inch, thick, lower blue, upper gray, 25-30 feet apart. (Corresp.) Has 
been charcoal and went out in the fall of 1856, but now since Dec. 1, '57, uses coal 
to work up stock so successfully that it will probably run on raw coal and con- 
tinue. (Stewart.) 

4.53. WILLIEEOY Furnace. — Lawrence Co., on Slippery-rock Creek, at the cross- 
ing of the North-Western E. E. location line, and Newcastle-Butler road, 4 m. 
S. W. of Harlandsburg, 4 m. N. of Portersville. Has 2 tubs, 3 x 5, 10 to 12 r., 
tight. Ore, soft red limestone, 90 rods i and j mile west; 1^ m. N. of W. ; a m. 
E., 1 and 2 m. S. E., 1 to 4 ft. thick, all on top of the fossil limestone. Several 
heavy beds of hard blue ore, not used. Charcoal. Run on an average 4 to 5 tons 
a day, soft foundry metal. (Saml. Foltz. correspond.) Ran from Oct. 1856 to June 
1857, making 130 to 133 tons a month. Has made none since. (Dec. 29., Mr. Stewart.) 

454. SOPHIA Furnace, OEIZABA Iron Works.— Was built in 1832, by P. Mc- 
Cormick, of Newcastle, who run it until 1855. Stands on the same island with 
the E. Mill, between the canal and the Neshannoc, back of the town of Newcastle, 
two miles above the junction of the Mahoning and Erie Canals. Square, stone. 
Casting-liouse on north side, engine on south ; between engine room and stack 
covered scaffolding on the third story of which stand the two water tubs and a 
horizontal air receiver, above which are the steam boilers on a level with the tunnel- 
head. Hot air pipes on the west side of the tunnel-head platform and the steam hoist 
on the east side. A long vertical steam cylinder with its head and valve handles 
just above the level of the platform sends up a stiff piston rod on top of which ia 
a vertical rack turning a pinion on the drum shaft ; a four strand flat iron-jointed 
chain wraps twice round the drum and holds the paddy stages, which run with 
friction rollers on vertical guide beams at the middle of the opposite sides ; thus 
the one slow rise or fall of the steam piston makes a sufficient number of revolu- 
tions of the drum wheel to lift or sink the stock wagons. It is a perfect arrange- 
ment, and is said to be similar to two or three east of the mountains. Engine 
horizontal, 120 horse power, drives two vertical iron 0^ cyl. 5 x 6, 10 r. worked 
with two walking beams, quartering motion. As this furnace has been of late 
very successful, the following account of charges, &c. , will be of value; — 
One 12 hours, — 95 charges, each 375 lbs. raw Middlesex coal. 

205 lbs. native ore 100 lbs. coke 163 lbs. limestone. 

205 lbs. cinder 

JIaking 410 lbs. burden to 475 lbs. fuel. 

591,373 lbs. fuel "1 f 2.2.5 fuel. 

510,4.30 lbs. burden I nr J ^-^^ burden. 

205,425 lbs. limestone [ j .78 lime, 

made lis gross tons iron J L 1.00 iron. 

8,850,970 lbs. coal, raw, and "1 f 1.32 raw. 

3,721,020 lbs. coke,— with 0.63 coke. 

3,.593,615 lbs. ore, blue carb. I or J 0.96 ore. 

5,518,413 lbs. E. Mill cinder, f 1 0.94 cind. 

4,438,433 lbs. gray foss. lime. I 76 lime, 

made Jan. 3 to June 27 '57, 2,607 tons J (. 1.00 iron. 

Last blast commenced Nov. 26, 1356, and has made up to Dec. 29, 1857 (stopping 

6 days for various causes, 5,768 tons of forge metal, chilled in vats lined with 
iron plates loose on the sand. Will make in 18.37, Jan. 1 to Jan. 1, 5,454J tons. 
The running of the furnace is seen from the following weeks' work, beginning Sept. 
19 to Dec. 26, 1857 : 106i, 64^, 1161 1^2, 112^, 116, 113, 83, 80^, 113^, 114A, 95, 112, 
118, 113 tons. Metal made July 14, 1835 to Jan. 1, 1857, 6,253,,4,,1„12. (Visited 
Dec. 29, 1857, J. P. L.) 

456. WAMPUM EUN Furnace. — On the west side of the Beaver Eiver, 4 miles 
aljove the mouth of the Conneconessing Creek, and 12 m. N. of Brighton, 300 yds. 
back from the Beam Eiver. Blew in Nov. 18, 1856 until April 1837 ; again in June 
until November 1857. It is now managed by Mr. Steward (formerly of Greenville 
Furnace). Has 2 round double acting cyl., horizontal. Made 4 months' blast in 
fall of 1836 ; and again from Sept. 7 to D'ec. 14, 1857 ; making in the first 10 to 1200 
and ia the second 1,300 tons more or less. Coal, Middlesex. 

NOETHEEN OHIO. 
437. M.4H0NING Furnace, B. — Opposite to and just above Lowell, on the Ohio 
Penna. Canal, 10 m. west of Newcastle, 65 from Pittsburg. Uses raw bituminous 
coal, and makes about grade No. 2 anthracite. Blowed in July 12, 1854. A bank 
furnace originally, but for four years past furnished with a water hoist ; built by 
Mr. Wilkinson, of Buffalo, for a raw coal furnace, the first in the United States, and 
run on raw coal ever since ; also the first furnace which successfully brought 
down the gas to steam boilers and air heaters on the ground, under the direction 
of the elder Mr. Crouthers, about the year 1847. Came into hands of the Crawfords 
in Aug. 1853, since when it is in its fourth blast. Its one horizontal iron 0^ cyl. 

7 X 7,8 rev., tight, is driven by a 50* horse horizontal steam engine (20 in. x 4 ft. 
stroke), and passes its air through two receivers 33* ft. long. 6 feet diam., one on 
the side and one behind the stack, horizontally hung across the peaks of the 
tuyere vaults, against the stack, entering the hot air furnace at the corner with 
a goose-neck 12 in. diam., and issuing in a horizontal 12 in. pipe to opposite the 
back tityere, when it sinks vertical into the ground and feeds the 5 tuyeres. 
Four sets of syphons in four ranks, communicating by their bases, 10 feet high, 
4 inches diam. round, in the clear — have been used without repair for 5 years. 
The gas comes down slanting to the corner of the stack and enters the hot air furnace 
at the near corner below aud beyond the bridge inside. Only a ton of coal a week 
is used in addition. The corresponding gas pipe descends from the other side of the 
tunnel-head slanting to and under the steam boilers, behind the dam, inside, in front 
of which 2 tons of coal a day are used to help make steam. Gas flue above 6 feet 
aperture vertical. Tunnel-head was 5 ft. first blast. Ore used i carb. blue plate, 
6 to 10 inch thick, 15 ft. above the Mt. Nebo coal vein, in the neighborhood ; i Lake 
Sitperior ore ; ^ r. mill cinder. Has used Lake Champlain which works easier, but 
is not so good for mill iron. All the ore of one kind is roasted separately, and the 
mixing is done at the foot of the water hoist (which works not on corner rods, but 
with two friction rollers, on each side clasping centre vertical guide planks). The 
coal used is the old Mt. Nebo, brought down along the hill-side 2 miles by a gravity 
railroad ; oldest known coal in this neighborhood, and the same bed as at Briar 
Hill and Mathersfleld. Here it is 3 feet ; at Briar Hill about the same and at 
Mathersfield about 4. It is of best quality known at Briar Hill. At Lowell it is 
supposed to lie under the river bed, but at Mt. Nebo it is 50 (?) feet above it. 
Two other small beds exist in the hill-side above the furnace, one of which, 20 
inches, is used to some extent for steam, as it is a strong coal, although sulphurous. 
On the hill-tops, 200* feet up, lies the great fossiliferous white limestone 20 feet 
thick, full of large encrinal columns and shells, admirable for flux and taken 
hence to Youngstown. Charges are all measured, at the tunnel-head, 1,350 lbs. 
coal, 1,350 lbs. ore, 400 lbs. 1., a proportion not changed sometimes for a month at 
a time. Iron made altogether forge iron, cast in iron chills (as at Eagle and 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 

United States in and for the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylvania. 



126 



FURNACES. 



AMERICAN lEON ASSOCIATION. 



TABLE H- 



OWNERS ; p. O. ADDRESS : LESSEES AND MANAGERS. 



WHEN 
EDILT OK 
REBDILT. 



439. Mineral Rdg. (Eliza) 15 miles north of Mercer. 
4-lO.^Mary Ann, A. 15 miles northwest of Mercer. 
411.1THarriet (Shen.). 15 miles northwest of Mercer. 
442.1fHamburg. 10 miles northwest of Mercer. 

443.irBig Bend (Shen.). 5 miles W. N. W. of Mercer. 

444. Oregon. 2^ miles W. N. W. of Mercer. 

443.1[Clay, B. 9 miles west of Mercer. 

446.i[Sharpsb'g (Blanche) 13 miles west of Mercer. 
447.i[Sharon. 15 miles west of Mercer. 

44S.1[Middlesex. 12 miles W. S. W. of Mercer. 

449. Iron City. 4 miles W. ^. W. of Mercer. 

450. Mazcppa. 2 miles southeast of Mercer. 

451. Springfield. 7 miles S. S.E. of Mercer. 

452. Tremont (Wirn). 10 miles S. S. W. of Mercer. 



453. 'WUlieroy. 
454.11 Sophia. 

455. Martha, B. 

456. Wampum Bun. 



10 miles east of Newcastle. 
In the town of Newcastle. 
In the town of Newcastle. 
7 miles below Newcastle. 



Ward & Co., owners. Milestown P. 0. 

Jos. Kissock, Newcastle, & E Robinson, Pittsburg. Mercer P. 0. 
Charles M. Reed, of Erie, Pa., owner. Mercer P. 0. 

John B. Warder, owner. J. Stewart & Co. last lessees. Hamburg P.O. 
David Hogeland, owner. Abandoned. Mercer P. 0. 

W. W. Wallace, of Pittsburg, Pa., owner. Abandoned since 1S48. 

Mercer P. 0. 
James Pierce, of Clarks^Ue, owner and manager. Clarksville P. 0. 
Gen. J. B. Curtis. J. U. Price, manager. Sharon P. O. 

Middlesex P. O. 



W. W. Wallace, of Pittsburg, Pa., owner. Mercer P. 0. 

John J. Spearman & Co., owners. Mazeppa P. O. 

Pardon Seunett, Erie, own. Wm. S. Scollard, man. Springfield P. 0. 

Crawford & Co., of Newcastle, owners. New Wilmington. 

Stewart & Foltz, owners. Harliusburg P. 0., or Newcastle P. 0. 

Knapp, Wilkins & Co., Pittsburg. J. Crowther, m. Newcastle P. O. 

Power & Sous, owners in 1849. Newcastle P. O. 

Childs, Richardson & others, Pittsburg. Steward, m. Wampum K. P. 0. 



Mebcek. 
Mercee. 
Merger. 
Merger. 
Merger. 

Mercer. 
Merger. 
Merger. 
Mekcek. 
Mercer. 

Merger. 
Mercer. 
Mercer. 
Lawrence. 

Lawrence. 
Lawrence. 
Lawrence. 
Lawrence. 



1846 
1846 
1&46 
1846 
1845 

1845 
1845 
1847 
1846 
1845 

1846 
1846 
1837 
1848 

1854 
1853 
1844 
1857 



14. NORTHEAST OHIO. 



457. Mahoning, B. Opposite Lowell, S. of the Mahoning. Alex. & John M. Crawford, owners. Benj. Crowther, manager. Mahoning. 

458. Poland. 6 miles southeast of Youngstown. Daniel Eaton, owner. Thrice built and finally abandoned in 1837. Trdmboll. 

459. Falcon. In Youngstown ; on the river flat. Mr. Howard, owner and manager. Youngstown P. 0. Mahoning. 

460. Phtenix, B. In Youngstown ; 200 yds. from Falcon. Lem. Crawford, Cleveland, Ohio. N. M. Jones, man. Youngstown P. 0. Mahoning. 



461. 
462. 
463. 
464. 
465. 



469. 
470. 

471. 
472. 
473. 



Eagle, B (Philpot). 2 miles N. W. of Youngstown by R. R. 

Briar Hill. %% miles N.W. of Youngstown by R.E. 

Meander. 9 miles S. W. of Youngstown station. 

Mill Creek, B. 3 miles north of Youngstown. 

Musquito Creek. In Nilestown, 10 m. above Youngst'n. 

Volcano. Opposite the Massillon station. 

Massillon. Opposite the Massillon station. 

Vermilion. Between Cleveland and Sandusky. 

Akron. 20 miles north of Massillon. 

Dover. 20 miles south of Massillorr-. 

Dresden. 16 miles north of Zanesville. 

Dillon's. 4 miles northwest of Zanesville. 

Mary Ann, B. 10 miles northeast of Newark. 



Crawford & Murray, owners. T. Pollock, manager. Youngstown P. 0. Mahoning. 

Hon. Dav. Tod, own. W. Richards, contractor & man. Briar Hill P. 0. Mahoning. 

Smith, Porter & Co., owners. Mr. Fuller, manager. Orange P. 0. Mahoning. 

David Grier, of Pittsburg (last owner). Abandoned. Mahoning. 

Warren Heaton's heirs, on'rs. Eobison & Battels, last less. Aband. Trcmbull. 

Volcano Iron Co. Chas. A. Crandell, manager. Stark. 

Massillon Iron Co. J. E. McLain, president. Wm. Pollock, manager. Stark. 

On the shore of Lake Erie. Erie. 

Gov. Tod and others. Out of blast since 1850 and dismantled. , Sdmmit. 

Mr. Green, Brooklyn, N. Y., & Chadburn, Baltimore. McCallom, man. Toscarawas. 

Spaulding & Co., owners. Abandoned about 1850. Mcskingum. 

Mr. Buckingham, of Zanesville, owner. Abandoned long ago. Muskingum. 

Dille B. Moore. Burnt and dismantled 1850, '51. Licking. 



1845 

1809 '16 '37 

1856 

1854 

1854 
1845 
1857 
1835 
1812* 

1855 
1854 
18 
1839* 



1847* 
1820? 
1816 



15. SOUTHEAST OHIO. 



474. Logan. 

475. Hocking. 

476. Five Mile. 

477. Big Sand. 

478. Zaleski. 



}i mile northwest of Logan; on canal. Logan Furnace Co. (Roberts & Co,). F. Case, manager. Logan P. 0. Hocking. 
7 miles S. E. of Logan station, R. E. Hocking I. Co. (Peter Haydn, pros.). W. M. Moore, see. W. H. Haydn, m. Hocking. 
5 miles S. of Logan ; S. & H. V. R. R. Five M. F. Co. (Pres't R. Adcock). Webster & Co., les. W. M. Bowen, m. Hocking. 
14 miles W. of Athens, \% m. off E. R. Big Sand I. Co. Bartlett, Dannar& Co. S. I. Summinger, m. Athens P.O. Vinton. 
13 m. N. E. of Hambden, 1 m. off E. R. Zaleski I. Co. H, B. Eobson, flnanc. agt. Mr. Walters, m. Zaleski P. 0. Vinton. 



479. 
480. 
481. 
482. 
483. 

484. 
4S5. 



Vinton. 
Hambden. 
Eagle, C. 
Cincinnati. 
Iron Valley. 



7 miles N. E. of Hambden, 1% S. R. E. 
1 mile south of Hambden station. 
514 miles S. E. of Hambden station. 
6 miles west of Hambden station. 
6 miles southeast of Hambden station. 



Latrobe. 2 miles southeast of Berlin station. 

Buckeye. 6 miles east of Berlin station. 

Keystone. 11 miles east of Jackson station. 

Young America. 3 miles east of Jackson ; on R. E. 
Diamond (Salt Lick). 1 mile west of Jackson station. 



Means, Clark k Co. Cyrus Newkirk, manager. McArthur P. 0. Vinton. 

Damarin, Tarr & Co. Mr. McKean, manager. Eeed's Mills P. O. Vinton. 

Bently, Benner, Bundy & others. W. B. Dennis, m. Reed's Mills P. 0. Vinton. 
Cincin. F. Co.(Westfall, Dungan, Stewart) J. B. Royer, m. JacksonC. H. Jackson. 
Iron Valley F. Co. (Thompson, Lasley & Co.) S. Churchill, m. Berlin P.O. Jackson. 

Bundy, Austin & Co. Drew Ricker, manager. Berlin P. 0. Jackson. 

Newkirk, Daniels & Co. (B. F. Co.). Warren Murfin, man. BerliuP. 0. Jackson. 
E. B. Greene & Co. E. B. Greene, agt. M. Churchill, m. (Portsmouth.) Jackson. 
Powel, Oakes & Co. Peter Powell, manager. Jackson C. H. Jackson. 

Grattan, Hoffman & Co. J. Hoffman, elk. P. Cowell, m. Jackson C. H Jackson. 



Madison, 

Limestone. 

Jefferson. 

Jackson. 

Monroe. 



489. 
490. 
491. 
492. 
493. 

494. Cambria. 

495. Gallia. 

496. Washington. 
497. JV Pioneer. 

498. Olive. 

499. Buckhorn. 

600. Mount Vernon. 

601. Oak Ridge. 

602. Centre. 

503. Lawrence. 

504. Etna. 
605. Vesuvius. 
506. Pinegrove. 

607. Union. 

608. Lagrange. 

609. Hecla. 

610. Ohio. 
6U. Howard. 

512. Clinton. 

513. Bloom. 

514. Scioto. 



2>^ miles east of X Roads station. 
2]/^ miles east of Oakhill station. 
1% miles west of Portland station. 
7* miles N.W. of Monroe Furnace. 
ii mile north of Monroe Fur. station. 



Peters, Terry & Co. Mr. Terry, agt., Portsmouth. Jac. Eicker, man. 
L. F. Co. (Newson, Evans, & Co.). Wm. .1. Evans, man. Oakhill P. 0. 
Jefferson Furnace Co. Geo. W. Baker, manager. Oakhill P. 0. 
Davis & Tracy (Jackson Furnace Co ). Jackson C. H. 
McConnell, BoUes & Co. Mr. Gilbert', manager. Jackson C. H. 



25 m. N. E. Portsmouth, 1^ S. of R.E. David Lewis & Co. D. T. Lewis, manager. Oakhill P. O. 

21 m. N. by E. of fronton, 5, S. of E.R. Bentley, Campbell & Co. Mr. Bentley, manager. Gallia P 0. 

21 miles north of fronton, 2, S. of R.E. J. Peters & Co. D. R. Somers, man. S. McConnell, fin. agt. fronton. 

19 miles north of Ironton, 2^. Ormsby, Colvin & Eeed. Wm. Colvin, manager. Ironton P. 0. 
16 miles north of Ironton, on E. E. Campbell, Peters, Bimpsou & McGugin. W. N. McGugin, m. Ironton. 

14 miles north of Ironton, 1, W. of R.E. Seeley, Willard & Co. Bondinot Seeley, manager. Ironton P. 0. 
13 milss north of Ironton, on E. E. Campbell, Ellison & Co. Robt. Scott, manager. Ironton P. 0. 
12 miles northeast of Ironton, 7, E. Stetson, Bishop, Mitchell, Mather. Prof. 0. M. Mitchell, m. Ironton. 
10 miles N. by W. of Ironton, 2, W. E. B. Hamilton, owner. Mr. S. McGugin, manager. Ironton P. 0. 
8 miles north of Ironton, 1, E. of R.R. Culbertson, Means & Co. J. Culbertson, m. J. E. Clark, agt. Ironton. 

7 miles N.N.E. of Ironton, 2, E. of E.R. J. Ellison, S. W. Dempsey, Jas. Rogers, on'rs. J. Ellison, m. Ironton. 
6 miles N.N E. of Ironton, 2, E. of E.R. Dempsey & Co., owners. Washington Boyd, manager. Ironton P. 0. 
6 miles N. N. W. of Ironton, 2, W. " Hamilton, Peebles & Coles. Jno. F. Peebles, manager. Hanging Rock. 
3 miles west of Pinegrove Furnace. Sinton & Means. J. W. Means, manager. Hanging Rock. 

1 mile north of Ironton, on E. E. Ohio Iron & Coal Co. John Campbell, president. Ironton P. 0. 

3 miles northeast of Ironton. Campbell, McCullough & Co. John Wilson, manager. Ironton P. 0. 

5 miles northwest of Hanging Rock. Sinton & Means. Geo. B. Sparks, manager. Haverhill P. 0. 

4 miles west of Mt. Vernon Furnace. Campbell, Woodrow, & Co. H. A. Webb, man. Wheelqrsburg P. 0. 

1 mile south of Howard Furnace. Gliddon, Crawford & Co. S. S. Gliddon, m. (Ironton, Lawrence Co.) 

20 miles E. N. E. of Portsmouth, 2, S. G. S. Williams & Co., owners. Portsmouth P. 0. 

15 miles E.N.E. of Portsmouth, on E. E. J. V. Robinson & Sons & others. Chas. Gliddon,"m. Portsmouth P. 0. 



Jackson. 
Jackson. 
Jackson. 
Jackson. 
Jackson. 

Jackson. 

Gallia. 

Lawre.sce. 

Lawrence. 

Lawrence. 

Lawrence. 
Lawrence. 
Lawrence. 
Lawrence. 
Lawrence. 

Lawrence. 
Lawrence. 
Lawrence. 
Lawrence. 
Lawrence. 

Lawrence, 

Scioto. 

Scioto. 

Scioto. 
Scioto. 
Scioto. 



1855 
1852 
1855 
1854 
1857 

1854 
1854 
1854 
1854 
1853 

1854? 
1853 
1848 
1857 
1856 

1854 
1854 
1854 
1837 
1855 

1854 

1847? 

1852 

1856 

1847 

. 1836? 
1835 
1856 
1838 
1834 

1832* 
1834* 
1828 '34 '40 
1826 
1836 . 

1835 

1850? 

1853? 

1832? 
1832? 
1830? 



If Coke Furnaces, 



JV Raw Coal. 



* Approximately true. 



Continded on pp. 130, 131. 



127 



CONTINUED. 



OFFICE 141 S. EIGHTH ST., PHILADELPHIA. 



April 1, 1858. 









SIZI 


!- 








KIND. 






BLAST. 








PRODDCTION. 




SAMS. 




a " 


si 


6' 

3. 


'3 • 
■a 

5 -a; 


o S 


of 
ore. 


of of 
power, iron. 


3 
E-i 




6; 




g 

P 

1 


^ a 

5^ 


1849. 


1854. 

Wks 


1855. 

i. Wks. 


1856. 

Wks. 


1857. 

Wks. 


439. Mineral Edg 

440. Mary Ann 

441. Harriet 

442. Hamburg 

443. Big Bend 


. 81 
10 

lU 

9 

n 


34 
60 
43 
40 
36 


7 

? 

7 

7.7 

3.0 



7 
7 
7 
8.0, 


..? 

,10 


„1 
„1 
,,? 
„? 

„8 


C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 


Steam iir. 
Steam in. 
Steam ii. in. 
Steam ii. in. 
S. &W. n. III. 


2 
3, 
3. 
3, 

2, 


9 

,3 

,,2K 

,3 


hot 
hot 
hot 
600° 
hot 


•• 


•• 


400 
out. 
out. 
800 
1,000 


600? 

600* 
2,000 

800* 
1,700 48 


500* 
abandoned, 
abandoned. 
1,200* 
abandoned. 


600? 
abandoned, 
abandoned, 
dismantled, 
abandoned. 


abandoned, 
abandoned., 
abandoned, 
abandoned. 


444. Oregon 
44.5. Clay, B 

446. Sharpsburg 

447. Sharon 

448. Middlesex 


8 
10 
11 

noi 

10 


32 
39 

50 
40 
38 


? 
4.5 
0.0 
=5.0 
5.0 



11, 

10, 

5 , 


.12 
,11 . 

,18, 
,12,, 


„o 

„8 
,12 
,12 
,10* 


C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 


Steam in. 
Steam n. in. 
Steam ii. in. 
Steam n. in. 
Steam n. in. 


7, 
2, 
3, 
3, 
3, 


9 

',2K 
,3K 


cold 
600° 
600° 
600° 
300° 


i 


1^600 
l,'80O 


out. 

1,150 

not built. 

1,750 

1,000 


abandoned 

800 28 
1,600* 40* 
1,500* 
1,300? 


machinery 
1,000* 34 
1,000* 23* 
1,800* 
1,600? 


still stand'g 
902 26 

out. 
600* 13 
1,762 42 


stack good. 


449. Iron City 

450. Mazeppa 

451. Springfield 

452. Tremont 


8i 

9 

9 

lOJ 


34 
30 
35 
33 


? 
1.5 

7 
2.5 



1 
7 
0, 


1.? 

,10, 


.,0 
„? 
,,? 
,10 


C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 


Steam in. 
Steam in. 
Water in. 
Steam in. 


2 
2, 
1 
3. 


7 

,3 

? 

,3 


cold 
hot 
hot 
600° 




1,200 
1,'250 


600 

out. 

300 

1,400 


730 
815 32 

811? 
1,140 


650 
300 15 

750* 
600 21 


out. 
538 22 
600* 
740 21 


200 


453. Willieroy 

454. Sophia 

455. Martha 

456. Wampum E. 


10 
13i 
S 
14 


33 
45 
36 
45 


1.9 
6.7 

7 

6 



7 

? 


7 


„o 

..? 
..0 
„? 


C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 


Water ni. 
Steam n. in. 
Water n. in. 
Steam i. ii. 


1 , 

2 

4, 


,2X 
,3 
„?' 
,7 


cold 
600° 
cold 
603° 


'3 

'3K 


1,400 
4,500 


not built, 
not built. 

200 
not built. 


not finished 
4,754 

abandoned, 
not bnilt. 


. 500 17 
4,500 

abandoned, 
not built. 


600 22 
4,153i 46 
abandoned. 
1,000* 18 


abandoned. 
1,200* 16 


14. NOETHEAST 


OHIO 




















36,051 


78,927 


59,388 


59,587 




457. Mahoning, B 12 

458. Poland 7 

459. Falcon 14 

460. Phcenix, B 12 


45 
30* 

47 
47 


»5.5 

7 

6.0 

7.0 


13, 


10* 
12«, 


,12, 
,,? 
.,? 
1,24, 


,20 

„o 

„? 
„1S7 


C. M. 

C. 
CM. 
C. M. 


Steam n. in. 
Water li. in. 
Steam ii. in. 
Steam n. iii. 


5, 
1 

•3: 
3; 


,3 

„? 
,.3 
..4 


600° 
cold 
600° 
600° 


2!4 1,850 

'2% 2"200 
. . 3,300 


not built. 2,889 39 2,623 30 3,151 46 
abandoned twenty years ago and now destroyed, 
not built, not built, not finished. 1,200? 24 
not built, not built. not buUt. 1,000? 


461. Eagle, B 

462. Briar Hill 

463. Meander 

464. Mill Creek 

465. Musquito Cr. 


12 

14 

12 

9i 

, 9* 


49 

41 

38 

30* 

32* 


6.0 
6.0 
6.5? 

7 

7 


15, 

8, 

13 






,24, 

1,24, 


,24 
,24 
„? 
,.? 


C. M. 
0. M. 

C. 

0. 

C. 


Steam n. m. 
Steam ii. in. 
Steam i. n. in. 
Water ii. in. 
S. & W. I. II. 


3 
3 

7 

1 
? 


„? 


600° 

600° 

600° 

hot 

H.C 




4,400 


not buUt. 

7 
not built. 

9 

600? 


2,000* 30? 
2,700* 52 
not built. 

100? 

600* 


not blowing. 430? 9? 
2,700* 62 2,920 52 
not built. not built. 

100? abandoned. 

600* 200* 




466. Volcano 

467. Massillon 

468. Vermilion 

469. Akron 


14 
14 

10* 


45 
41i 

36 


7.0 
7.0 


10, 

'? 


,14, 
,12, 

'? 


,15 
,15 


CM. 
CM. 


Steam i. m. 
Steam i. la. 

Water u. 


5. 
6 


,.4 


600° «3K 
hot .. 

?" '.'. 


4,000 


not built, 
not built. 

1,000? 


not bnilt. 
3,000* 38 

abandoned 


401 41^ 
3,200* 40 

and ruined 


4,755 4S 
2,000* 20 

machinery 


1,665 18 
3,455 26 

removed. 


470. Dover 

471. Dresden" 

472. DiUon's 

473. Mary Ann 


12 
10 
10? 
107 


45 
32 
32? 
32? 


6.5 
? 
7 
? 


'7, 





,1-1, 


,15 
„? 
.,? 
„? 


C M. 


Steam i. m. 
Steam ir. ni. 
Water n. in. 
Steam n. ni. 


'6, 
1 
1 

1 


..2% 


600° 
cold 
cold 
cold 


2>4: 


•'•' 


not built. 
1,000? 
1,000? 
1,000? 


not built, 
abandoned, 
abandoned, 
abandoned. 


300* 7 
abandoned, 
abandoned, 
burnt down 


900? 20? 

abandoned. 

abandoned. 

.. dismantled 


450? 9? 
abandoned, 
abandoned. 
. in ruins. 


15. SOUTHEAST OHIO. 


























11,289 


9,926 


16,556 




474. Logan 

475. Hocking 

276. Fire Mile 

277. Big Sand 

278. Zaleski 


9 

9 
10 
lOi 
13 


32 
32 
33 
36 

46 


1.9 
2.3 
2.1 
2.5 
7.0 




o> 

0, 
0, 
6 


,,9 
,18 
,12, 
,12 
? 


„10 

,12 

„8 


C 
C 
C 
,C. 
C 


Steam ii. in. 
Steam i. n. in. 
Steam i. n. 
Steam i. ii. 
Steam i. ii. ni. 


1 , 
1 \ 
2. 
2: 
3 


.,3}^ 

fix 

.,2 

.,3^ 

„? 


warm 
hot 
hot 
600° 
hot 


ik 


3,750 
750? 
3,750 
2,600 


not built. 
not built, 
not built, 
not built, 
not built. 


not built. 
800? 23? 
not built. 
1,100* 19 
not built 


not built. 

800* 23* 
not built. 

800? 13 
not built. 


1,000* 30 
850* 20 
1,035 21 
1,800* 30 
not built. 


1,300* 22 
1,000 21 
1,100* 22 

not finished. 


479. Vinton 

480. Hambden 

481. Eagle 

482. Cincinnati 

483. Iron Valley 


11 
11 
11 
13 
11 


32i 
33 
? 
40 
38 


2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
3.0 
2.0 


0., 

0, 

0, 






.15*, 
.,12, 
,10 
,,?, 


.12* 

1,12 
,.0 
,10 

„o 


C. 
C 
C 
C 
C 


Steam i. ii. 
Steam i. ii. in. 
Steam n. in. 
Steam I. II. 
Steam i. n. 


1 , 

n, 
2, 
2, 

1 


.,5X 

.,1X 
..4 


hot 
H.C. 
cold 
600° 
cold 


•• 


2,400 
3,'6'00 


not built, 
not built, 
not built, 
not built, 
not built. 


500* 10 1,200* 24? 
not finished. 1,143 
not built. not blown. 
not built. 1,200* 19 

750 20 1,400* 40 


2,640 45 
1,793 
1,725 28 
2,560 32 
2,000* 


3.100* 47 
2,157 

3,000* 


484. Latrobe 

485. Buckeye 

486. Keystone 
487 JV Young Am. 
4S8.Ji Diamond 


10 
■"ll 
10 
13 
12 


35 
34 
35 

48 
4U 


2.2 
3.0 
1.8 
7.0 
4.0 


0. 





6 

'0; 


„10 
„9 
„?, 
„? 

,,12; 


„o 

..9 
„10 

„? 
,.12 


C 
C. 
C 
G. 
C 


Steam i. ii. 
Steam i. ir. ni. 
Steam i. n. 
Steam ii. in. 
Steam i. n. 


1 

'i„ 
1 , 

4, 
3 


„'2X 
•3 

fix 

.,4 
„2K 


cold 
H.C. 

600° 
hot 
600° 


2k 


2,200 
1,400 
2,000 


not built, not blown, 
not built. 1,660 38 
not built.? 2,417 30? 
not built, not built, 
not bnilt; is the old 


. 970 16 
1,840 42 
1,073 20? 
not bnilt. 

Salt Lick F. 


1,4.35 28 
1,390 28 
2,407 50? 
not built. 
1,000? 28? 


2,025 44 
1,570 3^. 
2,400* 
not blown. 


489. Madison 

490. Limestone 

491. Jefferson 

492. Jackson 

493. Jlonroe 


11 

m 
11 

12 


35 
39 
37 
33 
40 


2.3 
2.5 
2.0 
2.2 
4.0 


0, 
, 

o: 

0, 
0, 


,12, 

„12, 

„10 

,10, 

1.1-1 ; 


.12 
,12 
,.0 
,10 
.,14 


C 
C. 
C 
C 
C 


Steam i. n. in. 
Steam i. ii. in. 
Steam i. u. 
Steam n. in. 
Steam i. it. 


1 , 
2, 
»i , 
1, 

"2, 


.,3 

„3i 

.3 

,3% 

.,3 


H.C. 

warm 
cold 
hot 
300° 


•"•' 


2,200 
1,200 
2,900 
2,800 
2,700 


not built. 1,350 24 
not built, not built, 
not built. 60a 10 
not built.? 2,412* 
not built, not built. 


1,750 

not blown. 
1,475 35* 
2,150* 
not built. 


2,000* 
1,800? 26* 
1,565 26* 
2,350* 
800* 10* 


2,500* 26 

2,700* 
3,700 43 


494. Cambria 
49.5. Gallia 
496. Washington 
497. JV Pioneer 
498. Olive 


lOi 
10 

n 

14? 
9 


301 
30 
34 

45? 
36 


2.2 
2.0 

2.8 

7 

2.7 



0, 
0, 

, 


„8 

„io, 

,12, 
„? 
1,12 


,.0 
,10 
,12 
„? 
,,0 


C. 
C. 

c 
c 

C. 


Steam i. ii. 
Steam i. n. 
Steam n. ni. 
Steam i. n. 
Steam i. n. 


1, 
1 , 

2, 
7 , 

1 


.,3 

.fix 

fi'A 

..? 

..3 


cold 
warm 
cold 
hot 
cold 




1,400 
2,900 
2,000 

2,'ioo 


not built. 

not built, 
not built. 


400? 12 
1,242 35? 
2,596 46 
not built. 
1,932 33>^ 


900? 
1,000? 
2,440 46 
not built. 
1,752 34 


1,550* 

937 
1,849 36 
not built. 
1,345 28 


1,S00« 48* 
2,300 507 
1,967 37 
very little. 


499. Buckhorn 

500. Mt. Vernon 

501. OakEidge 

502. Centre 

503. Lawrence 


10 
lOi 

11 

9i 
10 


36 
36? 
44 
M35 
33 


2.5 
25 
'4.0 
>3.0 
2.5 


0, 
0, 
0, 
=0 



„10 
,10 
M , 
„12. 
„? 


„s 

.,8 
,14 
.,12 


c 
c 
c 

C. 

c 


Steam i. n. 
Steam i. n. 
Steam i. ii. in. 
Steam i. ii. 
Steam i. ii. 


1 

1 

2, 
1 , 

] ; 


„3X 

„3?i 

.,*3 

1.4 

.,3Ji 


600° 
600° 
bcold 
600° 
hot 


ik^* 


2,"2"00 

■■ 3,300 

1,530 


not built. 


1,409 26 
2,344 40 
not built. 
2,000* 
2,300* 


1,360 20 
2,144 26 
not built. 
2,400* 
797 


1,450 26 
1,700* 37 
not bnilt. 
1,900* 
2,434 


450 
1,200* 
2,500 


504. Etna 

505. Vesuvius 

506. Pine Grove 

507. Union 

508. Lagrange 


lOi 

101 

lOj 

10 

10 


7 
31 
34 
35 
32 


2.5 
2.2 
2.3 
2.5? 
2.3 









,,10 
,,7} 
,,? 

,.? 
..10 


„o 

.,81^ 
.,? " 
.,? 
,.0 


c 
c 
c. 
c. 
c 


Steam ii. in. 
Steam li. 
Steam i. n. 
Steam i. n. 
Steam n. ni. 


1 
1 
1 
1 
1. 


,.3 

,,3% 

.fix 


cold 
125° 
600° 
hot 
cold 


•"• 


2, .500 
1,900 
2,400 


not bnilt. 


not built. 
2,091 37 
2,688 38 
2,000? 
1,000* 


not blown. 

850 15 
1,872 26 

500* 
abandoned 


, 2,240 40 
2,000* 35 
2,300* 28 
abandoned, 
and not in 


abandoned, 
good repair. 


509. Hecla 

510. Ohio 

511. Howard 


10 
101 

11 


35 

? 

38 


2.3 
2.2 

2.7 





0; 


„8 
.,12 


„12 


c. 
c. 
c. 


Steam i. n, in. 
Steam i. ii. 
Steam i. n. 


1. 
1 , 
1 . 


„sx 

,,3>^ 
.,4 


H.C. 

600° 
600° 


ik 


2,200 
1,600 
1,700 


not built, 
not built. 


1,700 
2,235 42 
2,270 39 


1,300 
2,280 37 
1,258 22 


1,665 35 
2,168 34 
2,200* 37 


1,760 30* 
1,200 


512. Clinton 

513. Bloora 

514. Scioto 


10 
10 


32 

.35? 

35 


25 

? 

2.3 


0. 






1,12 

9 

•t 




c 
c. 
c. 


Steam i. n. 
Steam i. n. 
Steam i. n. 


1, 

1 
1 , 


.,4 

? 

.,4 


600° 
hot 
600° 




2,200 
3,300 


•• 


2,920 42 
1,8007 
3,0 a 48 


not blown. 
],.iOO? 
2,560>.f45 


1,840 25 
1,800* 
2,321 Ji 43 


2,500* 
1,1.30 25 
2,600* 


U Coke Furnanes. 








JV Raw Coal 




« 


App 


roximately true. 






COHTUJBBI) OK PP. 


130, 131. 



128 



Phcenix), because preferred so by the r. mill. The water of the hoist Is pumped 
from a deep cistern, kept warm by the refuse tuyere water, and supplied from a 
stream pipe from the hill-side at the oxitcrop of a bed of iron ore, a fine water- 
bearing stratum. At Phcenix the hoist water reservoir at the tunnel-head is Isept 
warm in winter by carrying up into it the end of the exhaust pipe of the steam 
engine. Make of iron from the books ; Aug. 1853, 3 weeks, 126 tons. Sept. 1853 to 
April 1854 (30* W.), 1,578 tons. July 1854 to Aug. 18.55 (48*), 4,200 tons. Nov. 
1855 to Nov. 1856 (52*), 3,676 tons. March 1857 to Doc. 1, 2,900 tons, add 2.50* for 
Dec. = 3,150 tons. The table is filled up from these data, 1853, 913 t. 18 w. &c. 
1857, 3150 t. 44 weeks. (J. P. L.) Furnace visited Dec. 28, 1857. Previous report 
sent in gives 1854, 1951 1. 24 w. 1855, 4,221 t. 52 w. 1856, 3876 1. 47 weeks. (Cor.) 

458. POLAND Furnaces. — The first one was built in 1809, by Eob. Montgomery 
(& Clendennin), then of Poland, now of Coytsville, as a charcoal, cold, and aban- 
doned 1815. The second was built on the foundations of the first by Danl. Eaton, 
in 1816, abandoned in 1818, and rebuilt 1837. It then made two blasts in one year, 
and has never made iron since. About that time stone-coal began to be talked 
of, but was not used in the valley until about 1844. (Mr. Kobins, of Nilestown.) 
The cause of the building of Poland is said to have been, an advance in the 
price of iron made at the old Nilestown Forge, contrary to an understanding at 
the time of the building of the forge (1809) by Eaton. The forge continued to 
make iron until 1838. 

459. FALCON Furnace. — Between the Mahoning Eiver and Canal ; was built In 
the spring of 1856, on a round, stone base, a rouud nearly cylindrical stack of 
cast-iron curved, flanged and bolted plates, say 2 feet square, filled in with fire- 
brick lining, and hooped all the way up outside. On the west side rises the water 
hoist ; on the east lies the casting house ; at the southwest corner descends the 
gas main to the long (north and south lying) hot air furnace, with supplementary 
coal boxes and doors ; at the northwest corner descends, also slanting, the other 
gas main under the engine boilers. The whole is compact and picturesque, rising 
from the river flat. Blast, 2 iron 0' cyl. 3 x 6, 16 rev. This furnace has been 
copied in a still more elegant way, in the new Meander stack. No. 463. It blew 
in July 4, 1356, and has made 3 blasts, stopping say 6 weeks in all between the 
blasts. (Dec. 28, '57.) Euns forge metal in iron chills. Uses mixed ores like 
Phoenix. 

460. PHCENIX Furnace, B.— 200 yds. above Falcon F., on the same flat, beside 
the canal ; was built in the summer of 1854 by Crawford k Howard, and is in its 
4th blast (begun Feb. 1856), averaging 12 tons a day for two years. The bottom of 
its gas flues is about 14 feet diam. Engine about 40 horse. Has 2 iron 0^ cyl. 
„45 X 5 ft.. 15 to 17 r. (engine crank 35, 2 xl). The stack has a square stone base, 
say 10 ft. high, on which rises a brick cylinder, hooped, and lined. Casting house 
on the west ; water hoist (with corner guide rods) on the east, at the corner of an 
L stock house, running out south and east. On the north, one gas main descending 
to the ground and going under the boilers, on tlie east side of which is the engine 
house (machinery all horizontal). On the south descends the other gas main 
slanting to the S. E. corner and going under 4 separated hot air furnace stacks, set 
in a square, furnished with separate sets of coal grates and doors, so that the 
blast can be fired if the gas fails, and any of the four can be repaired, without 
stopping the furnace. The whole aspect of the pile is extremely picturesque and 
imposing. A wide flat for stock extends between and around to the south of the 
two furnaces. Ores, ^ blue carbonate from the neighborhood, x Lake Superior, ^ r. 
mill cinder from Nilestown, and j- black band, from a layer of „4 to ,,8 immedi- 
ately under the vein of coal at Ward's bank, 7 miles S. west of Briar Hill. Iron 
made chiefly forge iron, in iron chills, for Nilestown E. Mill. 

461. EAGLE (PHILPOT) B Furnace.— On the south side of the railroad and the 
north side of the canal (coal road bridged over the railroad coming from Tod's 
mines) ; was built by Mr. Philpot, in 1854. and afterwards owned by Crawford (of 
Cleveland), Morris (of Youngstown) & Co. In March, 1856, it went into the hands 
of Crawford & Murray, and was named Eagle Furnace. Mr. Eichards managed 
previously. John Macock managed from Sep. 6 to Nov. 6, 1856, and made 430 tons. 
The next blast commenced March 16, 1857, and has continued (Dec. 28) at the rate 
of from 12 to 16 tons a day. (Taken from the books and estimated on stock pile, 
3,284 tons in 1857, which would make over 11 tons a day for 42 weeks.) In 1854 
it did not run steady ; made in one blast about 2,000 tons. In 1855 it was idle. 
In 1856 it was repairing from April to September. Has 2 iron C cyl. 4.8 x 5.7 ft. 
stroke, driven by a steam engine. Coal raw, Briar Hill vein, close by. Ore, black 
band ore, and " Canada" ore, from Byetown, via Kingston and canal. It is a dirty 
primitive ore, with masses of plumbago as large as a fist, and streams of gneissic 
quartz (and apparently calc. spar), very refractory. Cakes of copper are left in the 
hearth on blowing out. The ore makes good metal, used in the rolling mills. 

462. BEIAE-HILL Furnace. — I mile above Eagle, on the same railroad (from 
Toungstown to Cleveland) and canal ; built in 1845 by Capt. Woods, of Pittsburg, 
who owned it until Feb. 14, 1856, when it came into hands of David Tod. All the 
iron goes to Ward's Eolling Mill, at Nilestown. Has 2 iron C cyl. 3.5 x 6, 20 to 21 
rev. (32 of engine) ; engine 30 horse power. Ore, Blackbaud J, mill cinder j, 
Canada ore J, Eock ore or kidney y. The Blackband comes from Ward's bank, 7 
miles S. W., and is a 4 to 8 inch layer in the floor of the coal bed. Coal, the raw 
dry Briar Hill, from Tod's Bank J mile distant. (This is one of the lowest beds in 
the coal series, about bed C. , the Kittanning coal bed, see Lesley's Manual of Cool. 
It ranges N. E. and S. W., and is not seen with precisely the Briar Hill qualities 
below or S. E. of Lowell. It is a laminated coal, with thin sheets of Cannel, and 
oftentimes showing 6 inches of pretty pure Cannel. But where the Cannel abounds, 
its fitness for furnace use is greatly diminished, apparently on act. of the increased 
quantity of ashes, clogging the draft. It is uncommonly free from sulphur for so 
low a bed in the series. A curious fact was noticed in using this coal with Conne- 
couessing hematite from the top of the fosslliferous limestone, that it made a cold 
short iron worthless for mill use, while the same ore makes the best mill iron 
with charcoal cold. (Mr. Crawford, of Newcastle.) Production, Jan. 14, '56 to 
July 10, 1857, 3,946 -f 66 -f 25 castings -f- 16 = 4,053 tons. The weeks' running 
after that were 65, 64, 66i, 68, 55^, 37, 59^, 58J, 55, 61, 60, 61, 62i, 65, 4U, 3U, 77, 
92, and 63,858 lbs. castings = 1,090 tons. Made Jan. 1, '54 to Feb. 15,1856, 6,731 
tons. Including castings and running steadily. (From the books in Pittsburg.) 

463. MEANDEE Furnace.— On Meander Creek, 4 miles above the Mahoning 
Eiver, in Austintown ; built by Mr. Howard, after Falcon. The manager, Mr. 
Fuller, built the Toungstown Eolling Mill, and lives in Youngstown. Began to 
blow about Dec. 1, 1857, and after a week's blast hot air furnace bands gave way 
and the stock scaffolded, but soon righted and the furnace now makes, it is said, 
16 to 16 tons a day. The heavy engine and all the apparatus is of superior make 
and finish. The gas is brought down to the ground. The ore used is Blackband 
from the neighborhood, ^ ; Lake Superior ore i ; "native" ore, kidney and vein 
(blue carbonates, silicious and argillaceous) |. The coal used is a higher bed than 
the Briar Hill, much fatter and bituminous, and therefore the blast is still an ex- 
periment. (Dec. 28, 1857.) Limestone abounds near ; a bed overlies the coal 15 feet. 

464. MILL CEEEK Furnace.— On Mill Creek, 2 miles north of the Mahoning ; 



was built in 1835 by Isaac, son of James Heaton, and was run regularly until 
1853-5. In 1845 it passed to Eedman & Co., who were not successful after much 
expense. In 1851* it passed to David Greer, of Pittsburg. It was originally a 7J 
charcoal furnace. Mr. Greer made it 9 feet, running it on charcoal first and then 
on raw coal. It made 3 or 400 tons only in all the three years. The engine ia 
gone, and everything else w£s sold last spring. 

465. MUSQUITO CEEEK Furnace.— On Musquito Cr., near its mouth. Just south 
of the railroad tressel-work. Was built in 1812*, the second furnace in Ohio, and 
run every year until April 1856. (It was abandoned in the fall of 18.55, says ano- 
ther. It was rented successively to Eobinson & Co. ; Eobison & Bowel! ; Eobison 
& Battels in 1855. Used bog ore, and charcoal always. In 1854, which was its 
best year, it might have made 600 to 600 tons. (Mr. Eobins says it averaged 600 
for the last ten years.) Once coke was used, but it failed. 18 years ago a steam 
engine was added and occasionally used, and latterly was used exclusively. The 
furnace made stoves and hollow-ware also. (J. Ward.) Latterly it used red ore 
and blue hard ore from 2 to 10 miles round. 

466. VOLCANO Furnace No. 1. — On the canal S. of the village and opposite the 
railroad depot, 100 yards from Massillon F. Made its first blast Dec. 1, 18.55 to 
May 28, 1856. Second 25 June, 1856, to May 1, 1857. Base of stack 35 ft. Has 2 
vertical iron 0^ cyl. 6 x 5i stroke, 6i to 7i r. (has run 16 when in trouble). Fly 
wheel 26 ft. across, 16* tons. Two hot air furnaces, both on the ground ; one with 
72 syphon uprights and 36 goose-necks, in one set, gas main from tunnel-head, but 
heated with coal ; the other with 100 uprights, heated with coal alone. Engine 
220 horse power. Eeceiver 30 x 8 ft. 4 boilers in the top of the engine house, 40 
ft. long by 3 wide, each fed with gas by a pipe from the tunnel-head flue. Hoist, 
between engine house and stack (steam cylinders below), rack and pinion on a 
great drum, the chain of which rises to the top and descends over two drums to 
hold the paddies, balance chains being hung to the bottom of the paddies which 
coil up in the pits. Casting house W. side, stock room and railroad N. side, engine 
house and hoist, E. side, hot air furnaces and new stack half built S. side. The 
whole arrangement and the machinery is worthy of imitation. Capacity 160 t. 
forge iron, and 125 foundry, per week. Only about 50 tons of forge was made at 
first, and all the rest foundry. Coal from 2 to 11 miles west. Ore, for 28 miles 
south along the canal ; clay ore, kidney, shell and blue ; mix Lake Superior ore. 
The cfiarging of this furnace is kept secret. (J. P. L., Jan. 7, 1858). 

467. MASSILLON Furnace. — 100 yards from Volcano Furnace, in Massillon, 
where the Pittsburg and Fort Wayne E. E. crosses the Tuscarawas Canal. Went , 
into blast April 7, out Nov. or Oct. 1854 ; in Dec. 2, and out July 3, 18.55 ; in in 
September, and out May 1856 ; in 5th Jan., and out July 1. Its first blast made 
about 2,700, and its second about 2,600 tons ; it ran then about 100 tons a week ; 
its fourth blast made weekly, 101, 108, 145, 160, 155, 160, 160, 166, 148, 163, 164, 168, 
155, 145, 152, 127, 134, 124, 123, 136, 127, 122, 147, 113, 114 tons, in all 3,456 tons. 
Has 2 vertical iron 0^ cyl. 6| x 6 ; 6J to 7^ r. The stack is round, brick, hooped, 
on a square base. N. side hot air furnace on the ground heated with coal, blowing 
into a circular pipe laid round the hearth wall 6 ft. from the ground. S. side two 
gas tubes descend under the engine boilers. S. W. corner, engine and tubs, blow- 
ing lengthwise through a horizontal receiver (hung N. and S.) between the stack 
and hoist tower (W. side), beyond which is the stack house. E. side, casting house. 
Switch railroad delivers coal behind. 

# 

468. VEEMILION Furnace.— Probably abandoned. 

469. AKEON Furnace. — "On the Tuscarawas, 20 miles above Massillon, oppo- 
site Eawson's Mill ;" owned by Gov. Tod, Ehodes and others ; -Was built about 
1838 or '40, and went out of blast about 1860 ; is now dilapidated ; engine re- 
moved, &c. Cold blast until 1846 ; after that, hot blast : made 35 tons per week 
in 1849. (Gov. Tod.) 

470. DOVEE Furnace. — ^Was formerly owned by the Tuscarawas Iron Co., and 
managed by J. E. Hicks until 1856 ; made 300 tons in 7 weeks' blast, winter of 
1855-6 ; 450 t. in 9 weeks, spring of 1856 ; 2 to 3 months in the fall, and 2 to 3 
months in the spring of 1857, going out finally ip July or August last, and making 
iron in the same proportion — by reason of poor coal — the ores being the same used 
at Massillon. Has a water hoist kept warm by escape steam. Has 2 vertical iron 
0'^ cyl. 64 X 60 inches, 13 to 14 r. (2 x 1). Formerly blew with 3 tuyeres, 2J nozzle, 
2j lbs. ; later with 6 tuyeres. (H.) 

471. DEESDEN Furnace.— Northwest of Zanesville, 16 miles up Licking Eiver, 
at or near Hopewell Falls ; was built by old Mr. Danl. Young (of Ironton now), 
for Spaulding and others, about 1847*, and made a good deal of iron ; but was 
abandoned about 1850. It made 9 tons a day at the start. Charcoal. (D. Young.) 

472. DILLON'S Furnace and Forge. — On the Columbus E. E., at the falls of 
Licking (a great water power) ; was built 30 or 40 years ago by John Dillon, of 
Baltimore, at first 6 x 30, making for many years 1^ tons of iron per day, and 
afterwards enlarged to make 6 or 6 tons. It and the forge were celebrated in the 
West, and made a great deal of wrought iron, being abandoned only 5 or 6 yenrs 
ago. The furnace had 1 O^ blast tub and regulator. The forge had 2 hammers and 
an old O' wooden blast tub. (D. Young.) 

473. MAEY ANN Furnace. — On Eock Fork of Licking ; was built by Dr. Brice 
(now of Newark) and David Moore ; remodelled and made a steam furnace by 
Daniel Young (now of Ironton) about 1847* (after remodelling Dillon's Furnace). 
She had been running for 20 years, and was celebrated for her excellent and nume- 
rous ploughs, &c. Her ores were brought by canal, and were called "pot" and 
rock" ores, but no "limestone" ore was then known. (D. Y.) Now stone coal. 
(Jan. 23, '58.) Machinery partly removed to Hocking F. Its metal to the last was 
ladled out and then used in the cupola furnace for castings. 

S. OHIO. lEONTON DISTEICT. 
The Ironton district is a belt of the lower coal measures, 10 or 16 miles in width, 
running down past Zanesville south-southwestward, crossing the Ohio at Hanging 
Eock, Ironton, and Ashland, and extending into Kentucky. It is merely the zig- 
zag western outcrop, above water level, of the lowest iron ore beds of the carbon- 
iferous system ; a region which was opened first and naturally along the Ohio 
Eiver twenty years ago, and has been followed northward and southward slowly, 
and according to the increasing facilities afforded by new and artificial lines of 
transportation at various points across it. South of the Ohio the wildness of the 
country and absence of internal improvements, has limited the extent of the prac- 
tical exploration of these ores to Greenup, the first county bordering on the river. 
Further south, where the Licking, the Eed Eiver, the Kentucky, and the Tennes- 
see rivers with their branches break down through the ore belt, a few old works 
and one new furnace exist to predict the future indefinite increase of iron making 
along the whole line of coal measures across Kentucky into and across Tennessee. 
But north of the Ohio the occupation of successive furnace sites further and fur- 
ther off the river, the building of the Ironton, the Portsmouth and Hocking, and 
the Columbus and Marietta Eailroads, and the establishment of rolling mills at 
Portsmouth and Cincinnati, has gone far to filling up the old gap between the two 



129 



great charcoal iron regions of Hanging Eoclc and Pittsburg. Hereafter, tlie intro- 
duction of stone-coal fuel, either raw or colied, toth on the Mahoning in the north 
and about Jackson in the south, Tvill greatly multiply the number of furnaces 
and at the same time throw open large tracts of coaling lands to settlement, con- 
densing population at the principal centres and also spreading it over the present 
woodlands. The belt in question is everywhere hilly and difficult to settle. 
Slopes are steep and roads are heavy, but the soil is good, and between the val- 
leys are flat table lands. The ore beds, with coal beds between, lie nearly flat, 
gently dipping east-southeastward in towards the great Pittsburg-Pomeroy syn- 
clinal (unless disturbed, and that never rudely), and they outcrop therefore up 
and down, in and out along the sides to the heads and back round the prongs of 
all the hills and valleys. The amount of crop ore, therefore, is inconceivably 
great. Inside, the ore is a blue or gray, more or less clayey or sandy protocar- 
bonate of iron, yielding from 30 to 35 per cent, of iron — that is, requiring 3 tons of 
ore to make a ton of iron. But at the surface edge or crop, where the airs and 
waters have done their work, it is a mixture of the protocarbonate and peroxide 
of iron in a variable proportipn, enveloped in sand and clay ; and where the action 
has gone furthest, the ore contains 50 or more per cent, of iron, requiring but 2 
tons to make one of iron. The hills of the region are picturesquely marked with 
horizontal stripes of diggings visible for miles. " Most of the furnaces rely, how- 
ever, mainly on a single seam of ore that varies from 4 or 5 inches to 3 or 4 feet 
in thickness, and will average 10 to 12 inches in thickness throughout the region. 
It is called the "limestone ore," as it lies on top of a stratum of limestone 3 to 10 
feet thick. A workable seam of coal lies under the limestone which forms its 
roof. Other seams of coal lie above and below. Numerous seams of iron ore also 
lie below, and are worked by the westernmost furnaces of the iron belt. Still 
other strata of ore, either block or kidney ore, lie higher in the hills. The western 
line of furnaces use exclusively the lower ores, except where they have facilities 
by railroad to get the limestone ore, which rules in southern Ohio, because it is 
abundant, easily obtained, works remarkably well in the furnace, with a good 
yield, and makes superior qualities of hot and cold blast iron for merchant bar, 
boiler plate, carwheel, machinery, and ordinary casting." (W. W. Mather, corr.) 

The practical average proportion of ore to iron is from 2^ to 2J tons to one ; the 
ore is sometimes washed and sometimes not before charging. Commonly the sand 
and clay is got rid of incidentally in roasting ; but roasting is not always prac- 
tised. Certain silicious block ores, and some kidney ores, are brazed or roasted 
in piles, behind the furnaces, but much of the ore of the region is still treated in 
the old rough way, which leaves the furnace to do its own digesting by its own 
strength of constitution as best it can, however poorly cooked the food may be 
that is crammed down its helpless throat. The consumption of charcoal varies 
from 120 to 200 bushels to the ton of iron made. Nothing could more forcibly 
illustrate the unscientific way in which iron making is still carried on. The cost 
of ore delivered at the stock-bank ranges from $1 to $2.50 per ton ; of limestone 
from $.75 to $1.50 ; and of charcoal from 3 to 6 cents per bushel. [This is Mr. Ma- 
ther's estimate, and I think it is correct.] A majority of the furnaces stop on 
Sunday. Tliis is a marked feature of this region. Six or eight of them are cut 
out of the solid sand rock, a space of two or three feet being left behind, and on 
each side for ventilation and dryness, and the front built up from near the top. One 
or two of the furnaces so bailt have always worked well, but some of them have 
evidently suffered from dampness, and instead of greater stability having be_en 
secured, show uuusual dilapidation. The necessary consequence also is great 
confinement of space in front. All the machinery is of course above. Almost all 
the furnaces of the region are built against steep hill-sides, and many in very in- 
accessible places, where they have sutfered every year for want of water. Jrlany 
are now furnished with boilers ending over the tunnel-head, by which they warm 
their blast when they please, while they make steam by the waste gas. 

"Each furnace maintains gi-eat uniformity in the character of its ii'on adapted 
to special uses." Mr. Mather adds that the capacity of this future New South 
Wales is 1,000 furnaces for thousands of years. And exaggerated as this state- 
ment seems to be, it is true that an outspread above water-level, of horizontal 
ores, interstratified with coal, 10 or 20 miles in width, and at least 400 miles in 
length across the States of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, offers to thejudgment 
of the man of practical foresight, and to the speculations of the social philosopher, 
a field of anticipation, upon whicli all numbers grow to fabulous dimensions. 
Here are exposed outcrop lines wliich, if stretched out, would encircle the globe, 
and which, at the lowest estimate, would yield to the mere stripping of them 10 
feet in, fifty millions of tons of ore. When the Valley of the Mississippi shall 
contain its hundred millions of people, the " Hanging Eock region" will no doubt 
make its million of tons of iron a yoar. (J. P. L.) 

474. LOGAN Purnace. — On the Hocking Canal bank, just outside the village, in 
Palls Township. P. Case "owner and manager." Went out Jan. 10, '58 and to 
run in again April 1. Has 2 tubs 4x5 stroke, 15 revolutions per minute, tight 
piston. Ore coal measure carbonate, mines in all directions from i a mile and 
upward from the furnace. Iron suitable for machinery. Use 170 to 180 bus. coal 
(costing 4 to 4^ c.) to a ton of metal. Makes best foundry pig for Columbus, Zanes- 
ville, Cleveland, &c. Furnace property for sale, $18,000, or the half for $9,000; 
stack good ; boilers 40 feet long set in brick and stone, end over tunnel head. Cold 
air pipe blown up through 6 coils and along under the boilers and down through 
a brick casing to the tuyere holes. Stocked by incline. Property 10 acres. Buys 
coal and ore of the farmers around. Country around well wooded with hard 
timber. (J. L., Juu., March '58.) 

475. HOCKING Furnace. — On the Canal, in Green Township, 27 miles S. S. E. 
from Lancaster. Was built by Dille, Moore & Brice, Nelsonville, Athens Co., in 
1850, and ran a few months in the fall of 1852. In April 1853, while still in blast, it 
went into the hands of the present owners. Its blasts usually end in January of 
each year. That of 1856 began in July. That of 1S57 in April. Blew out Dec. 
10, '57 ; will blow in May '58. Ores, block and limestone from all round the neigh- 
borhood ; 2}i tons of ore, and ISO bushels of charcoal (costing 4X c.) to the ton of 
metal, which all goes to Peter Haydn's worksrat Columbus. Timber plenty all 
aloug the valley. Experiments with raw coal and coke have proved satisfactory, 
and this kind of fuel will no doubt be used at a future day. Furnace ran " much 
sharper" in 1856 and 1857 than before. Heats along under two 40 feet boilers 
with their ends over the tunnel head. (J. L., Jun., March '5S.) 

476. FIVE-MILE Furnace. — 3 miles from Hocking F. in Star Township, on the 
Scioto and Hocking Valley R. R. , 66 m. from Portsmouth, and on Five-Mile Creek, 
within 2 m. of the head-waters of Raccoon Creek. W. M. Brown, manager, up to 
Jan 1, '58. Blows out March 10, '58. Makes foundry iron for Zauesville, Columbus, 
Cleveland. Has 2 tubs 4x5 stroke, 15 rev. (30, steam crank), tight. Ores, bog not 
used ; coal measure carbonate beds, outcropping horizontally along the sides of the 
hills which rise from 4 to 600 feet. There are 5 beds of ore. The largest lies within 
a. few feet of the tops of the highest hills, is a red ore from 10 to 36 inches thick, 
melting easily and soft. Below this is a hard blue ore yielding well ; then a gray 
ore bed ; then a bed 8 to 10 inches thick, bedded on sand rock ; 15 ft. lower a bed 6 
to 8 inches thick, block ore, on white clay, near the foot of the hills. Coal beds 



are interstratified. The S. and H. V. E. K. will introduce the superior coke of 
Straitsville, Perry County, 16 m. east. (W. M. Bowen, Sec, corr.) Commenced 
April 18, 1856, made 1500 t. in 32 weeks. In hands of assignees. (March 1858.) 

477. BIG-SAND Furnace. — On a branch of the Big Raccoon Creek, IJ m. north 
of Cincin. and Marietta and Hillsborough R. E., 11 m. east of McArthur, Township 
No. 11, E. 16, about the centre of Brown T. Either hot or cold. Has 2 tubs 44 in. 
diam. x 6 ft. stroke, 13 rev. per minute, pistons loose. Ore, pure limestone ore, 
averaging about 12 inches ; mines all round ; also a bed averaging 15 inches on a 
tract 12 miles W. of south, on the above R. E., in Town. No. 10, E. 17. Iron soft 
gray. (Corr.) 

478. ZALESKI Furnace. — Half way between Vinton and Big Sand, and a mile 
from the station ; is the first of three large stacks to be built for smelting with raw 
coal, together with a rolling mill for bar and rail iron, and machine shops, foun- 
dries, hotel, &c. Mr. Perry, of Pa., builds and will run in the present furnace in 
March, 1858. A shoot leads from the mouth of the gangway in a 4 foot coal bed, 
about 50 feet above the tunnel-head of the stack. Engine, horizontal, cyl. 28 in. 
diam,, 5 ft. stroke, ISO strokes per minute ; 2 blowing cyl. 5x6 stroke ; 4 cyl. 
boilers 3>^ x 36 feet long. Ores, limestone, clay, and silicious ball ,,6 to ,,18 and 
micaceous sand ore 3 feet thick. Coal, used raw 3>^ tons to a ton of metal, will 
be delivered at the furnace for 90 cents. Ore 2% tons to a ton of metal delivered 
for about $1.75. (H. B. Robson, Corr., Feb. 16, '58.) 

479. VINTON Furnace.— 2 miles S. E. of the E. E. station, 8 miles N. of Hamb- 
den ; was put in blast Oct. 20, 1854, and ran until Feb. 7, making say 1,200 tons. 
In 1855-6 blew from May to March ; had to haul its iron to Logan, Athens, and 
even to Chilicothe, because the E. E. was not completed. It had made say 2,300 
tons altogether in its first two blasts. Third b. (May to March) made 2,640 tons to 
April, 1857. Fourth b., 27 April, will make 3,100 to about the 20th of March, 
1858. Stops on Sunday. Stack 36^ ft. high, 32| inside. Hot chamber has 2 chim- 
neys so as to blow cold if necessary; blows principally hot. Has 2 hor. 0^ iron 
cyl. ,,44 or ,,46 x 5 ft. stroke, 9^ rev. (19 of steam crank). Uses limestone ore ex- 
clusively ; don't use block or blue ore, because iron goes principally to Cleveland, 
Buffalo, Chicago and Detroit, to mix with Scotch pig. (C. N., Jan. 23, '58.) Lime- 
stone ore abundant in the neighborhood. Cincinnati Furnace gets most of its ore 
now from Vinton Station, where are beds 3 to 5 ft. thick. 

480. HAMBDEN Furnace. — 1^ E. of Village ; began to run in spring of 1855, and 
made about 2,500 tons each of the first two blasts, and will make 3,000 tons up to 
April, 1858. (Dam.) Was IH feet across the bosh top. Blew at first with 3 
tuyeres, and small nozzles. Has two chimneys, so that the hot chamber can be 
left cold. Boilers over the tunnel-head. Blast cylinders 2, 0', 4 x 6 ? 20 to 25 r. 
of steam crank. Ore limestone and block mixed, both in the neighborhood of the 
furnace. (Mr. Tarr, of Hambden.) Hambden Furnace made in 87j actual working 
time in 1854, 1,077 tons ; in 1855, from April 7 to Dec. 31, 1,143 tons ; in 1856, the 
year of drought, beginning 10 March stopping July and Aug. for want of water, 
and frequently for a few days to Dec. 23, 1,977 torts shipped and ISO* tons on the 
bank, made since, up to Jan. 24, '58, of which 862 tons are cold blast ; will make 
200 tons more this blast. The limestone ore bed has above it 20 feet, a bed of hema- 
tite 4 to 6 feet thick, which was at first extensively mined, but made very bad cold- 
short iron. Large stacks of it still stand, and show excellent ore in body but much 
of a whitish foliated crust, which when analyzed gaveiron7,73, oxygen 3.42, silica 
&c. 4.65, water 22.58, carbonate of lime 37.24, magnesia 1.50, alumina 15. .55, and an 
amount of phosphorus not determined. The cast-iron however showed iron 
90.65, free carbon 1.80, carbon 0.50, phosphoras 4.22, silica 1.93, alumina .28, slag 
.62. The badness of the iron was of course due to this phospho-silicate crust. 

481. EAGLE Furnace. — On the waters between Big and Little Raccoon, at the 
Hambden-Pomeroy road crossing, 7 miles from McArthur. Depot at Hambden 
(crossing of H. V. R. R. and Mar. R. E.). All these furnaces were built too soon, 
and were obliged to wait to go into blast for the R. R., which was not finished at 
the expected time. Ore, pure limestone ore, mines immediately around ; with 
mines of bitum. and cannel coal, limestone and Raccoon buhrstone. New furnace. 
(Corr.) Blew in in spring of 1853, built in fall of 18.52. Third blast (Jan. 15, '57) 
= 1,725 tons ; 4th blast (15th May to present time, Jan. 23, '58, except 5 weeks). 

482. CINCINNATI Furnace. — On the waters of Pigeon Creek and Mar. and Cine. 
E. E., 25 m. east of Chilicothe. Has 2 tubs 44 in. x 6 ft., 15 r. Ore block and 
limestone in equal quautities ; the block ore is found 4 to 6 in. thick, from ^ to 2 
miles in all directions, near the tops of the highest hills ; the limestone ore is found 
in beds from 6 to 36 in. thick, 10 miles east, and yields about 50 per cent, iron ; it 
lies above the sand rock, two-thirds up the hill-sides, which are there not so high 
as at the furnace ; it comes by railroad. Iron made. No. 1 soft, gi'ay. (Corr.) Gets 
its ore of late from within J m. of Vinton Station. In 1855 put in 6 or 6 hearths — 
the first hearth not standing two weeks. Hearths seldom stand more than two or 
three months. In 1S56, made 2,560 odd tons, ending middle March, 1857 ; made 100 
tons a week by book. In 1S57-S, has been doing as well, and will make 3,500 tons 
before the blast is ended. The strike on the railroad has stopped the furnace at 
present for 2 weeks. (Jan. 23, '58.) 

483. IRON VALLEY Furnace.— On MuUigy Creek, 5 m. N. of Buckeye, and 7 
from Berlin. Was commenced in 1853, and is now building a hot chamber, but 
will probably not use it in 1858. It is cut out of the solid rock with a trench all 
round, and finished off with masonry about 10 feet on top. Heats boilers at the 
tunnel-head. Uses limestone ore and a little block. Wanted water 1S56 and 1857, 
until a well was dug, which yields an abundance. Blew in Aug. 15, '54 to May 1, 
^56, 1,400 and some odd tons. Second blast, short, and made about the same quan- 
tity. Third blast, long, with many hindrances, and made about 2,000 tons. Fourth 
blast continues. (Jan. 23, '58, J. P. L.) 

4S4. L ATROBE Furnace.— li m. S. E. of Berlin (village i m. E. of Berlin Station) ; 
has 2 hor. O'cyl. 4j x5, S r. (timed). Steam boilers over the tunnel-head, running 
out sidewise, leaving open space for stock yard and a filling place behind. Engine 
and blast on second story. No heating furnace. Has always blown cold and 
uses limestone ore, mixed with a little blue ore, "which makes as good iron." 
Coal bed 4 ft. thick crops out horizontally in the post-holes of the stock houses a 
little above the level of the tunnel-head ; limestone ore a few feet higher. Has 
been troubled for water untU the reservoir was dug in the valley bottom. Stopped 
90 days in 1856 and 3 weeks in 1857. Has run very regularly, making 9 to 11 tons 
a day. Started on a new hearth 3 weeks ago, and is making 10 tons. 1st blast, 
Aug. 26, '55 to March 2, '56, 1,450 tons. 2d blast, May 31, '56 to April 24, '57, 1,905 
tons. 3d blast, June 8, '57 to say middle of March 1858, will make 1,575 tons 
more or less. Shape, hearth floor 3 ft. round, 6,,1 high, top ,,41 ; nearly straight 
in walls from top of bosh to tunnel-head plate. Stack 22 ft. square top, 36 base, 
37 high. (J. P. L., Jan. 22, '58.) 

485. BUCKEYE Furnace. — On Little Eaccoou Creek, 5 miles east of Latrobe F., 
and 6 m. from both Berlin and Hambden Stations. Was built by T. Price in 1851, 



FURNACES. 



130 

AMERICAN IBON ASSOCIATION. 



TABLE H— 



BITCTATION ; OWNERS ; P. O. ADDRESS ; LESSEES AND MANAOERS. 



WHEN 
BUILT OR 
KEBDILT. 



615. Harrison. 

616. Franklin. 

617. .lunior. 

618. Empire. 

619. Brush Creek. 

620. Old Steam. 

621. Marble. 



12 miles N. E. of Portsmouth, 5, N. 
16 miles abore Portsmouth, on river. 
2 miles east of Franklin Furnace. 
18 miles east of Portsmouth. 

12 miles up Brush Creek, 

? miles up Brush Creek. 

10 miles above Brush Creek Furnace. 



H. Spellman, S. R. Koss, & others. H. Spellman, m. Sciotoville P. 0. Scioto. 

John F. &OranB. Gould. Orau B. Gould, manager. Franklin P 0. Scioto. 

Glidden, Murfin & Co. Jas. Murfin, manager. Junior P. 0. Scioto. 

Gliddeu, Murfin & Co. O. H. Glidden, manager. Junior P. O. Scioto. 



One of tlie old abandoned furnaces of Adams Co. 
One of the old abandoned furnaces of Adams Co. 
One of the old abandoned furnaces of Adams Co. 



Adams. 
Adams. 
Adams. 



18537 
1826 
1823 
1847 

1812 
1816 
1816 



16. EAST KENTUCKY. 



622. New Hampshire. 

523. Kenton. 

624. Eaccoon. 

525. Buffalo. 

626. Argolite. 

627. Caroline. 

628. Steam, A. 
529. Amanda. 

630. Bellefonte. 

631. Clinton. 

632. Pennsylvania. 
533. Buena Vista. 
634. Greenup. 
535. Laurel. 
636. Boone. 

'5.37. a Star. 
538. Alt. Savage. 
.539. Sandy. 

640. Carters (Caney). 

641. Old Slate. 

642. Miller Creek. 8 miles northeast from Irvine. 
543. Cottage. miles from Irvine. 

.544. Ked River (Steam). 10 miles north from Irvine. 
545. Old furnace. 5 miles south of Jamestown. 



12 miles west of Greenupsburg. 
15 miles west of Greenupsburg. 

8 miles southwest of Greenupsburg. 

9 miles south of Greenupsburg. 

10 miles south of Greenupsburg. 

3 above Greenupsburg, IJ^ back. 

4 above Greenupsburg, 2>^ back. 

9 above Greenupsburg, on river. 
12 above Greenupsburg, 2 back. 
12 above Greenupsburg, 6 back. 

2 miles south of Steam Furnace. 
4 miles south of Pennsylvania. 

3 miles west of Pennsylvania. 
12 miles southwest of Greenupsburg. 
14 miles southwest of Greenupsburg. 

4 miles S. W. of Buena Vista Furnace. 
8 miles south of Star Furnace. 

10 miles east of Star Furnace. 
14 miles east of Owingsville. 
6? miles northeast of Owingsville. 



Seaton, White, Davisson, & Culbertson. T. Davisson, m. Quincy P. 0. Greenup. 1846? 

John Waring & Sons, on'rs. J. Waring, man. Quincey P. O. (Lewis Co.) Greendp. 1854 

Barr, McGrew & Co.,on'rs. Wm. H. McGrew, man. GreenupsburgP.O. Greenup. 1831? 

P. C. Vandyke & Co., on'rs. P. C. Vandyke, man. GreenupsburgP.O. Greenup. 1852 

Mr. Trimble was last owner ; but it has been abandoned for 20 years. Greenup. 1818 

W. Wurtz & Co., on'rs. M. R. King, m. (1856, '57). Greenupsburg P. 0. Greenup. 18.33 

Wurtz, Spaulding & Co., on'rs. J. S. Jones, man. Greenupsburg P. 0. Greenup. 1817 '54 

Childs, Rogers, Walker & Co., on'rs. G. Walker, man. Amanda P. O. Greenup. 1831 

Means, Russell & Means, on'rs. John Russell, man. Ashland P. 0. Greenup. 1828 

J. Burwell & Co., owners. J. Burwell, manager. Ashland P. 0. Greenup. 1833 

Ross, Lampton & Co., owners. Wm. H. Lampton, m. Greenupsburg. Greenup. 1844 

H. Means & Co., owners. John Rhoads, manager. Cattellsburg P. 0. Greenup. 1848 

Wilson, Baird & Co., on'rs. A. J. Bell, man. & part own. Greeuupsb'g. Greenup. 1845 '46 

Wurtz & Bros., ons. (J. S. Jones, late m., now at Steam.) Greenupsb'g. Greenup. 1849 

Eifurt, Watkins k Co., owners. Boone P. O. Greenup. 1857 

Lampton, Nicholls & Co , on'rs. R. W. Lampton, m. Cattellsburg P. 0. Carter. 1848 

R. M. Biggs, owners. And. Biggs, man. Ashland P. 0. (Greenup Co.J Carter. 1847 '53 

Wm. Wurtz, of Cincinnati, owner. J. S. Jones, man. Bottsfork P. 0. Lawrence. 1849 

R. & A. S. Carter, owners. Bath. 18? 

Abandoned in 1838. Bath. 1791 

Estill. 18? 

Hon. J. C. Mason and Levi Wheeler. Irvine P. 0. Estill. 1856 

Josiah A. Jackson & J. W. Jones. Red River P. O. J. W. Jones, man. Estill. 1828 '49 

Abandoned twenty-five years ago. Russell. 18 



Saml. Hatch, late manager. Has blown cold until 18.57, and will blow cold again 
in 1858. Changed her bosh width from 10 to 11 in summer of 1856, for the worse, 
as it diminishes the thickness of her sand lining and wastes heat. Shape for 6 ft. 
above the bosh, vertical walls. Heats two boilers ,,.32 x 44 ft. long over the tunnel- 
head, swung by stirrups from cross beams sustained on stone pillars at the corner. 
Steam cyl. ,,15 x 6 ft. stroke. 2 hor. 0^ iron blast cyl. ,,42 x 5 ft. stroke, 7^ revo- 
lutions (timed), piston ends travelling on friction wheels standing out from under 
rim of cylinders. Hot air rings in oven attached to each other by flat necks, 
planed to a ji)int, and the joint made tight by inserting a turned wrought-iron 
collar or hoop. This plan is perfectly successful, where luted joints leak. Has 
tried 2 tuyeres, but blows with one, hot 4 to 4^ inches, cold 3 inches. Hot blast 
erected late in 1856. Cinder drawn on one side; casting in front; blast behind. 
A coal bed underlies the rock on the other side at the level of the casting house 
floor. Ore limestone, 4 to H tons a casting every 9 hours. Has made 6,461 tons 
since Jan. 1, 1854. Blasts, May 14, '54 to April 7 ; May 10, '55 to Dec. 17 ; May 23, 
'56 to Feb. 24 ; Blay 15, '57, to present time, 1,725 tons ; will be 2,000*. (J. P. L., 
Jan. 22, '58.) 

486. KEYSTONE Furnace. — On Little Raccoon Creek, 10 miles east of the Sei. 
and Hock. Valley R. R., at the station 5 miles S. of Jackson. Is cut out of tlie 
solid rock. Has 2 tubs 3x5, 15 r. Ore, limestone, 3 to 4 miles west. Iron made. 
No. 1 cold blast charcoal. (Corr.) Made 2,200 t. up to Jan. 22, '68, and will make 
200 more, all hot blast. (Mr. Nye.) 

487. YOUNG AMERICA Furnace.— On the Scioto and Hock. V. R. R. ; was to 
be built and go into blast about July, 1857, on raw coal exclusively. Company 
organized Sep. 1856. Cap. stock $40,000 ; 600 acres of coal and ore lands. Ore 
kidney and block, 4 to 14 inch, thick ; expect to buy limestone ore from a bed 8 
to 48 in. thick, 15 miles south. Coal "Jackson bed," 27 to 33 in. thick, which 
will not coke, but is free of sulphur, swells and falls apart in burning, with only 
a residuum of ashes. (Corr., Feb. 1S57.) Blew in Dec. 1857, and is now making 
14 tons a day. (Jan. 15, '58.) Runs entirely on block ore just now, and all stone 
coal ; 50 per cent, ore when well roasted ; 10 charges of 2,800 lbs. coal, 3,000 lbs. 
ore, 500 lbs. gray lime (800 of inferior kind), 2,268 lbs. of ore to the ton and 80 lbs. 
coal to the bushel. Has 40 uprights and 80 goose-necks in hot chamber. Shape, 
13 feet across 4 feet above the top of boshes, tapering up thence to 7 ft. tunnel- 
head ; batir 4 in. in 12 ; hearth 6^ high, 6 ft. bottom, 5 ft. at tuyeres (30 inch, up), 
and then batiring 2 in. in 12, to top. (Founder.) 

488. DIAMOND (formerly SALT LICK) Furnace. — On Salt Lick waters, and on 
the Parkersburg, Ilillsboro' and Cin. R. R. location line ; has 2 tubs 44 in. x 5 ft. 
stroke. Mines of block and kidney ore in the vicinity. Most of the ore is brought 
6 to 10 m. by R. R. Coal mines of superior coal, like Briar Hill coal, 2 miles 
north. Iron good, but the furnace was in blast but a few months of 1856; made 
500 tons in summer, and as much more towards winter of 1857. U^ses half coal 
half charcoal. The shape of the furnace is a cylinder for 8 feet above the top of 
the bosh, tapering thence to 5 ft. tunnel-head. The bosh batirs 6 in. in 12 ; hearth 
4J top, 4 bottom, round, 6 ft. high, tuyeres set in 30 inches above bottom. Note. — 
The belt of limestone ore in this high open level part of the region being but about 
6 miles wide. Diamond and Y. America are to the west of it, and below it. The 
coal bed of Y. America close by the furnace is a lower bed, said to be less sulphur- 
ous than the 3 ft. Latrobe coal just under the limestone ore. 

489. MADISON Furnace.— 2 to 24 m. E. Cross-roads Station, 3 m. E. of N. of X 
Roads. Mr. Terry is financial agent at Portsmouth ; was built by Mr. Terry, a 
year after Washington Furnace. Commenced building Dec. 31, 18.53, and blowing 
July 20, 1854. Can blow cold or hot ; has usually blown cold ; now hot and mak- 



ing foundry iron. Has been blowing regularly 9 or 10 months in 1857, averaging 
10 tons per day. Has 2 0^ horizontal iron cyl. 4 x 5, 9 rev., driven by a horizontal 
steam cylinder 1^ x 6 stroke. (Campbell of Ironton.) Made July 20, 18.54 to Feb. 
1855, 1,700 t. within a ton ; in 18.55, 1,400 t. ; in 1856, 2,500 t. ; and from May, 1857, 
stopping in Nov. and Dec, and finishing the blast about April, 1858, will make 
2,700 tons. (From the books.) All this was cold blast forge and car-wheel iron, 
except the last 500 tons, now making hot blast. (J. P. L., Jan. 20, '58.) 

490. LIMESTONE Furnace.— On Grassy Fork of Symme's Creek, 2i m. east of 
Sci. and H. V. R. R. Has 2 tubs 44 in. x 4 ft. stroke, 9 r., tight. Ore "magnetic" 
(carbonate of the coal measures) all round, especially i to IJ m. west, average 
thickness 12 inches, generally mined by stripping 3 to 10 ft. of surface dirt. The 
beds of ore, limestone and coal lie upon one another together. Can blow hot or 
cold. Iron 1,300 tons hot blast No. 1 ; 600 tons cold blast No. 1. (R. Hook, clerk.) 

491. JEFFERSON Furnace.— On Black Fork of Symme's Creek, 1^ m. west of 
Portland Station on the S. and H. V. R. R., 30 m. from Portsmouth. Has 2 tubs 
4x5, 12* r. Ore limestone, banks i to 2i m. east, north and west. Iron, soft 
gray. (Corr.) 

492. JACKSON Furnace.— Built say 18 years ago by John Heard, J. Smith & 
Co. (Rogers, Heard & Co.), and was owned afterwards by Tewksbury, Adair & 
Co., then by M. R. Tewksbury & Co., and then the Jackson Furnace Co. took it 
in 1852, and made 1,145 tons of iron up to Dec. 11, 1853. The blast of 1853-4 made 
2,198 t., out March ; that of 1854-5, made 2,512 t., out April ; that of 1855-6, made 
about 1,650 t., a short blast out in January ; that of 1856-7 made about 2,800 t., 
out 23d March ; that of 1857-8, will make about 2,700 t., and end about April 15, 
1S58. Average 10 tons a day. The blast is heated and steam generated at tunnel- 
head ; has 2 hor. 0' iron cylinders. (Mr. Davis, at Portsmouth, Jan. 1858.) 

493. MONROE Furnace.— i m. north of the R. R. to Portsmouth ; was built by 
Mr. Peters, in 18.55, and is considered in this region a model furnace. Its two 
boilers, 40 feet long, lie along the bridge house with their ends over the tunnel- 
head, and walled in so as to take the gas along them back to the heating chamber, 
in which lie on each other eight rings of cast piping about 12 in. diameter inside. 
The steam pipe from the top of the boilers passes round down behind the stack 
to the engine 25 feet below (and one-third of the way up the bank). Here 2 verti- 
cal 0^ iron cyl. ih by 5 stroke, 9 rev. force cold air up to and through the rings, 
and along between the boilers to the tunnel-head, where the "hot main pipe de- 
scends through the stack between the lining and the wall, and out at the arch 
vault, down to a tub reservoir under the- centre of the hearth stone, whence the 
radial tubes (9 inch diam.) rise to the tuyeres. Used 3 tuyeres for a short time. 
Engine made by Davis, of Portsmouth, two vertical steam cylinders, with a par- 
allel motion connection, and walking beam under ground. The reservoir under 
the hearth is merely to distribute the air, as the motion of the cylinders makes a 
regular blast. The tunnel-head is fed at slanting apertures on each side under 
the boiler ends, with doors swung up by hand levers. Ore banks at the furnace, 
hematite outcrops of limestone ore ; this ore is mixed with block ore, half and 
half, and the furnace makes 15 tons of metal in 24 hours. The first Wast com- 
menced Aug. 1856, and went to March, 1857, with a short interval in winter, mak- 
ing 2,200. ? The second commenced March, 1857, and is just ending (Jan. 15, 18.53), 
having made say 2,700.* (Mr. Campbell and Peters, Ironton.) Monroe Furnace 
may be taken as a type of the best charcoal furnaces of this region. Beginning 
with a round 40 inch hearth bottom, the sides tapering so as to give at 6 feet 4 
inches up a round 50 inch top, the bosh walls batiring 9j inches ont to 12 upon the 
slope, making the bosh 6 feet high and 12 feet wide at top ; then the inwalls peak 
in straight for 29 feet to a tunnel-head of 3 feet, over which lie the boiler heads, 



131 



CONTINUED. 



05'FICE 141 S. EIGHTH ST., PHILADELPHIA. 



April 1, 1858. 



PRODUCTION. 



.a -3 Mr; p,- P. 



of of of 

ore. power, iron. 






1849. 



1854. 



1855. 



Wks. 



Wks. 



1856. 

Wks. 



1857. 
Wks. 



515. Harrison 10^ 38 2.5 „? „12 

516. Franklin 9^ 2S' 2.9 „9 „8 

517. Junior 9i 33 2.5 ,,8 „9 

518. Empire 10 31 2.7 ,,1-t „9 

519. Brush Creek 

520. Old Steam 

621. Marble 



c. 


Steam i. ii. 




,-t 


hot? .. 




c. 


Steam i. it. 




^-tV 


550° .. 


1,600 


0. 


Steam i. ii. 




,4 


600° .. 


2,000 


c. 


Steam i. il. 




,4 


600° .. 


2,400 


B. 


Water I. 






cold .. 




B. 


Water i. 






cold . . 




B. 


Water i. 






cold . . 





not built. 1,900* 2,300* 30* 2,000* 36* 

2,6.50 36 1,789 19^ 2,277 26J^ 

3,016J^39J^ 2,.'i62 35^ 1,650 25 

1,758 25>i 817 14 2,078 31 

abandoned at the time the Hanging Rock region was opened, 

abandoned that is to say, about in the year, 

abandoned eighteen hundred twenty-six. 



56,812 



16. EAST KENTUCKY. 



47,982 



70,455 



522. NewHamp. 10 32 1.8 „? ,,10 

523. Kenton lOf 36 1.9 ,,12 „0 

524. Eaccoou lOi 34 2.5 „12 „8 

525. Buffalo 10 35 2 ,,9 „9 

526. Argolito 6 23? 2? „? „0 

527. Caroline 10 35 2.3 ,,8 „0 

528. Steam 10 35 2.5 ,,10 ,,10 

529. Amanda 10 35 1.9 „9 „0 

530. Bellefonte 10 ? 2.0 „10 „10 

531. Clinton 10 ? 2.0 o,,10„10 

532. Pennsylva. 11 35 2.4 „10 ,,? 

533. Buena Vista 10 35 1.8 „? „10 

534. Greenup 11 37 2.3 „12 „14 
635. Laurel 10 40 2.5 „? „7 

536. Boone 11 40 2.5 „? „7 

537. Star lU 36 1.8 ,,Sh „S^ 

538. Mt. Savage 10 31 2.3 ,,9 ,,9 

539. Sandy lOJi 32 2.3 „10 „1 

540. Carter's 

641. Old Slate 

542. Miller Creek 

543. Cottage 

544. KedEiver l)i^3S 2.5 .. 
645. Old furnace 



C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 



Steam i. ii. 
Steam i. ii. 
Steam i. ii. 
Steam i. ii. 
S. & W. I. II. 



C. Steam i. ii. 

C Steam i. ir. 

C. Steam i. ii. 

C. Steam i. Ii. 

C. Steam i. ii. 



C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 

C. 



Steam i. ii. 
Steam i. 
Steam 
Steam i. ii. 
Steam 



C. Steam 
C. Steam 
C. Steam i. 



1 ,,3 
1„2K 
1 „4 
1 >,? 
1 ..? 

1„2K 
1,,3'4 
1>,2% 

1 „3}i 

1„3K 
1„3K 
1 „4K 
1„3% 
1 ..? 

1 „3>X 
l,,33i 
l„3>i 



300° 
cold 
500° 
hot 
cold 

cold 

hot 

cold 

hot 

cold 

hot 

600° 

600° 

hot 

hot 

H.C. 

600° 
hot 



1,650 
1,500 
2,600 
1,600? 



1,900 
3,000 

2,400 



2,500 
1,300 
2,100 



970 22 310 9 not blown, not blown, 

not built. 900 14 1,100 17 1,500 27 400? 15? 

2,000*35* 900 14 1,400*26 1,500? 

not built. 2,197 950 2,200 .'1,500? 

aband'd. abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 



building, 
not built. 



800* 
1,200? 

200* 
];736 32 

900* 

932 20 
1,649 32 
1,800* 30 
2,200 30 
not built. 



not blown. 

1,200? 
not blown. 

1,155 16 
900* 

1,386 31 
1,735 40 
2,100* 32* 
2,150 31 
not built. 



900* 
1,000* 
not blown. 
1,900 24 
1,200* 

1,023 28 
1,397 30 
2,600* 34* 
2,000* 2S 
not built. 



1,200? 

800* 

not blown. 

1,200* 

1,500* 

1,500* 
1,100* 
1,200* 
1,300* 
500? 



2,630 
2,450 



1,.500« 1,980 32 
1,765^^32 
building. 1,000* 



750* 15 1,710 30 1,900* 

644 9K 2,031)^36 1,200* 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 



r 


steam 
Steam 


. 


.. 




c. 


1 


.,2 


cold .. 



abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, 
not built. 

700* 37 900* 30 800* 34 800? 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, abandoned. 



22,929 



16,180 



21,661 



17,600 



the sloping feed-ways rising to 5 feet above the tunnel-head plate. The hearth 
floor is 25 feet thick ; the brick lining is one foot, and behind it the sand packing 
is two feet thick, and outside stone-work 10 feet at the thinnest place. The lining 
is brick to within 5 feet of the tunnel-head, and is then continued up by laying in 
cast-iron pigs broken in half endwise, all the way round and up to the tunnel- 
plate. This furnace so constructed has made 18 tons a day for a month at a time, 
and 21 tons on occasional days. Its first blast of 143 working days made l,89li 
tons, or 13, ,106 lb, per day, ending April 10, 1857. Its second blast from May 13, 
'57 to Jan. 12, '38, 185 days, has made 2,700 tons. The parallel motion applied to 
the engine made by Davis, of Portsmouth, is curious. — 33 bushels of coal are 
raked off from every 200 as loss. This is used in roasting the ore, in the kilns, 
or stacks on the grounds. J of a ton of every 2^ tons of ote is wasted in the 
roasting. If ton of burnt ore goes to a ton of metal. The blue ore needs much 
roasting at the outset ; no subsequent firing will penetrate the crust produced by 
under-roasting at first. The kidneys of silicious ore are considered worthless. 
Munroe has 1,700 tons of piled roasted ore on its stock piles. The cut-off is in 
common use in these western furnaces. It is a valve in the main going to the 
tuyeres, so arranged that with a jerk of the lever or rope the blast is cut off from 
the tuyeres and allowed to issue through a hole in the main, without interfering 
with the engine or blowing apparatus. Whenever the filler above notices a diffi- 
culty in the descent of the burden, he notifies the keeper below, who cuts off the 
blast once or ofteuer for an instant or a second, and the stock immediately 
settles in the stack. It seems to be an effectual remedy for scaffolding, and is so 
used. If however the cut-off is carelessly used, as for example when the cinder is 
high, the tuyeres may become backflowed and the cinder run down into the reser- 
voir under the hearth stone. To prevent the chance of this there should be a 
nicely balanced puppet valve at the elbow back of the tuyere. 

494. CAMBRIA Furnace. -^IJ mile S. E. of the Cambria, Washington and Gallia 
common station (which is 1 m. N. E. of Munroe Station), 1?- m. E. of Washington 
Furnace ; was built by a Welsh company in 1854, and blew first from Sept. 4, 1834, 
for three months ; its second blast was a small blast also. Its third or 1836 blast 
made 18.50 tons, to March 1, '57 (from the books). Its fourth blast from May has 
heen steady, and will end about the 1st of March, making some little over 1,800 
tons. Base and height 36 ft. Boilers over the tunnel-head, with filling holes. 
Ores, limestone and some blue, but no block ; charges 60 to the 24 hours ; charge 
850 lbs, burnt ore, 75 lbs. limestone, 23 busliels charcoal. Has 2 hor. O^ iron cyl. 
3|- X 4J, 9i r. (timed), 2x1; rear end of piston rod running on a large friction 
wheel attached to bottom rim of the cylinder. (J. P. L., Jan. 20, '58.) 

495. GALLIA Furnace. — 5 miles from Washington, Gallia and Cambria R. E. 
Station, 4 miles east of Cambria F., by the road, and H from Washington, cross- 
cut ; 5 miles from Portland Station by a better road. The furnace is a mass of 
roclc cut out of the great lower sand-rock, so that a narrow open way of 2 or 3 feet 
width surrounds its back and sides. It is 36 feet square at base and 36 high, 6 or 
8 feet of the front above is masonry. It has no warm blast chamber, but brings 
its blast pipe under the boilers forward to and over the tunnel-head and then 
down behind the lining to the tuyeres, thus warming gently. It has 2 horizontal 
0'' iron cyl. 3-J x 4^, 16 revolutions (timed). Its boilers do not run from the 
tunnel-head backward on to the hill, but sideways to tlie left (looking at the 
stack) ; then the chimney ; then in same line, the blast tubs and engine ; all on a 
level with the tunnel-head platform, which is 4 or 5 feet above tlio plate, to allow 
for filling. This arrangement leaves everything open for the stock yard, but offers 
but one filling hole. Uses limestone and blue ores irregularly mixed, burnt ; kiln 
commonly 800 tons of ore and equal bulk of braze, or small charcoal. Founder 
says the blue ore when well burned makes as good iron and more of it than the 



limestone ore, but requires more heat. Made 1854, May to Novemb. ? 1,242 t. ; 
to April 14, 1857, 1,433 t. ; April, 1857, to Jan. 20, 1858, has made say 1,900 t. 

496. WASHINGTON Furnace.— 28 m. from Portsmouth by E. R., 2i m. S. E. of 
Monroe F. (same owners),; has 2 boilers arranged like Munroe, 3 x 45 ft., overlying 
the tunnel-head, and fed by a side door. Has no hot air chamber yet, but will 
soon have one. Has 2 horizontal 0' iron cyl. 4 x 4^, 9 rev., and blows 10 months 
in the year, making 10 tons a day, average ; all forge iron, charcoal, cold. (Mr. C.) 
1st blast, 28 July, 1853, 1,860 t. to Feb. 28 ; 2d blast April 15, 1S54, 2,916 t. to April 
10 ; 3d blast June 4, 1835, 1,816 t. to Jan. 24 ; 4th blast May 14, 1856, 1,898^ t. to 
March 13 ; 5th blast May 11, 1857, up to Jan. 1, 1858, stopping meanwhile 1 m. 11 
days, 1,492 t., and will make until March 1, 1858 (stopped at present 2 weeks, Jan. 
20, '58). Do not run on Sunday. The 4th blast was lessened by summer drought 
and winter ice. Madison is sliglitly egg-shaped above the bosh ; is 34 ft. high 
inside, with the usual addition above for filling slides under the boilers. Batir 
of bosh wall 9^ inches to the vertical foot. Hearth ,,50 top ,,40 bottom, round. 

497. PIONEER Furnace.— In Washington Township, 2i m. S. E. of its station on 
Portsmouth R. R., 3 m. N. of Olive F. ; commenced blowing on raw coal Feb. 7, 
185 , and made 5^ tons and 6 tons per day afterwards. (Corr.) In 1854 Fox of Cin- 
cinnati built a tall chimaey-like stack, 50 or 60 feet high, with cross-bar stagings, 
to hold stamped and mixed ore and charcoal, the iron to drip down into the end 
of a puddling furnace to be balled by the puddlers. It run for a short time and 
made iron good at the surface of the balls but crushing up between the rolls, or 
under the hammer, which were driven by a steamboat engine. The present fur- 
nace stack was built in 1836-7, and has been blowing in and out since February, 
owing to the old and defective machinery of the former furnace being still used. It 
has consequently made but 20 or 30 tons of iron, and this stonecoal experiment can 
therefore scarcely be said to be a failure, until a new engine is employed. The 
coal of the neighborhood is at the same geological level with the Mahoning, but is 
a harder kind. (J. P. L,, Jan. 20, '58,) 

498. OLIVE Furnace.— In the S. east corner of S. E. i Sec. No. 34, Town. 4, 
Range 18, Chilicothe land district. Was commenced spring of 1846. Has 2 tubs, 
44 in. X H ft. stroke, 14 r., tight. Ore hematite (crop), for 4 or 5 miles east and 
west, and indefinably north and south. Iron gray. (Corr.) Will make about 
2,000 tons this blast, from May, 1857, to March, 1858. Has been out a month and will 
start soon. (Mr. C, Jan. 15, '58.) 

499. BUCKHORN Furnace.— In Sec. 9, Town. 3, Range IS, 5 m. S. east of Bloom 
Switch on Sciot. and H. V. R. R. on Buckhorn branch of Pine Creek, 2 m. S. W. 
of Olive and 2 m. N. W. of Mt. Vernon Furnaces. Has 2 tubs 33 inches diameter. 
Ore limestone hematite (of course at the crop only), for 6 or 8 miles east and for 
3 to 4 m. west, and indefinitely along the western edge of the coal field N. E, and 
S. west. Coal, in 3 beds, IS in. to 4 ft. thick, close by. Has 7,500 acres of land. 
Has done very little for three years. Iron f soft gray foundry J strong close gray 
rolling mill iron made from blue ore. Stop on Sunday. (Jas. Critchton, cl'k, corr.) 

500. MT. VERNON Furnace.— 2^ m. from the end of the fronton R. R., and on 
its location line ; has 2 tubs 54 in. x 6 ft. 12 r., tight. Ore limestone, from 100 yds. 
to 3 and 4 miles around, horizontal. Iron charcoal hot blast. (Corr.) Foundry 
iron only. Built just like Hecla ; same engines and all ; tubs 4 x 5, 9 r. (Mr. C.) 

501. OAK-EIDGE Furnace.— Centre of Town. 4, Range 17, on Elkin's Creek, 1 
mile west of its mouth iu Symme's Creek, and 6 m. east of Ironton R. E., 2J m. 
N. of Marion, 5 m. E. N. E. Vesuvius, ok E. Etna, S S. E. 3It. Vernon, 6i E. S. E. 
Lawrence, S N. by E. Hecla, 9 N. N. E. Lagrange, 13 N. by E. Ashla.nd Furnaces. 
Has 2 tubs 4 x 6, 11 r. (22 steam). Ore hydrated peroxide (not hematite) and car- 



132 



bonate, in horizontal beds, all round, within i mile. Digging costs $.75 to 1.25 per 
gross ton. Ore opened at the level of the tunnel-head, and also repeatedly within 
600 yds. along a tunnel-head railroad. Four seams of coal above water level, of 
which use only one double bed, 5 feet thick at 600 yds. distance, 15 feet above 
tunnel-head level, and 7 feet thick in three benches of equal thickness, separated 
by 6-8 inch seams of slate, lowest bench best coal, 1200 yds. distance, 20 feet 
above tunnel-head level ; this bed of coal runs through a ridge a mile deep. Fur- 
nace blew in Aug. 8, 1857 ; out Christmas eve, and lost 3 or 4 weeks in the blast. 
Shape as follows : Tunnel-head tc 12 o> 12 p| S ^ 4 ^^ 6 m across hearth. This 
shape is for cliarcoal on which the furnace has run to prove it ; when on stonecoal, 
the bosh wall will be carried up to the upper 11 feet. Hearth becomes square at 
the height of the tuyere (22 in. from the bottom, and movable to 28 in.). The 
hot blast has two compartments and two chimneys, so that a lever, opening one 
valve and shutting another at the same time, turns the gas off from the ring cham- 
ber into the chamber in front of it, allowing the rings and the blast to cool. The 
filling is done through 3 holes (with swinging doors) in the floor of the tunnel- 
head platform communicating with the furnace slantwise under a plate with a 
central adjustible chimney. Steam cylinder 1^x6, 23 to 28 rev. Blast cyl. 2 
horizontal O' iron 4j X 5, II5-I4 r. Furnace now running warm and probably 
will. (Jan. 16, 58.) 

602. CENTRE Furnace.— 2 m. W. of E. E. Was built in 1837 '8, and blew 3 
months. Went into present hands 1840, and has been blowing regularly until 
now. It is enlarging to 38 feet height (stack), and the gas is to be taken off a foot 
higher than before, 2 feet down below the new tunnel-head. The old engine (,,1S x 4!^^, 
22 r.) and blowing app. (2, C, „35 x 4^, 2 x 3, =14 r.) is replaced by new ones, 
1^ X 5, and 2, C, 4 x 4^, horizontal, not yet used. The hot blast has 7 rings, 12 
inch diameter inside ; boilers 3 x 50 ft. ; chimney stack 30-35 ft. above tunnel- 
head (20 above top ring). Production stated from memory of blast records and 
understated, 2,000, 2,400, 1,900, 1,200 tons, not more than 9 tons a day average. (Mr. 
Hamilton, Jan. 17, 1858.) 

503. LAWEKNCE Furnace. — 1 m. east of E. E. Built a year before Hecla and 
Mt. Vernon, and same size, by J. Eiggs & Co., and was blowed in in 1834. Made 
April, 1854, to Feb. '55, 2,353 826-2268 t. ; to April, 1856, 1,146 192- t. ; to April, 1857, 
2,434 416- 1. ; to Jan. 16, 1858, 1,950 t., in all 7,383 1434- tons. Went in April 10, '57, 
and will blow out about Jan. 20, ? 1858.) Cylinders same as Hecla, but arranged 
vertically in second story and blown from below. 16 revol. per minute (timed). 
Engine horizontal. (J, P. L., Jan. '58.) 

504. ETNA Furnace. — On the East Fork of Pine Creek, i mile east of the Iron- 
ton E. E. ; has 2 tubs 44 in. x 5 ft. stroke, 15 r. Ore, red oxide (crop of coal mea- 
sure carbonate ?) all around. Coal bed 4 feet thick, horizontal stratum, good, 23 
feet above the horizontal strata of limestone and ore. (Corr.) 

505. VESUVIUS Furnace. — On Storm's Creek at the crossing of the Main Marion- 
Portsmouth road, 30 m. east of Portsmouth. Has 2 tubs 3 x 5, 14 r., loose. Blast 
merely warm. Ore, limonite (coal measure carbonate) of many varieties, hy- 
drated oxide, brown oxide, brown and gray stone, hematite, &c. Mines | to 1 
mile north, i to 1^ m. west and N. west (see MS. map). Iron made, close gray, 
very strong and tough, for rolling mills. (Corr. of Col. Brooks.) 

506. PINE-GEOVE Furnace.— On Sperry's Fork of Pine Creek, 5 miles from the 
Ohio River (Hanging Eock Landing), in the centre of Sec. 30, Town. 2, Eange 18. 
Stack is 34 ft. square at base and 22 at top ; hearth 34 in. at bottom, 32 in. at top, 5^ 
ft. high ; bosh walls pitch lOj in. to the foot. Tunnel-head gas heats the boilers on 
the stack, and passes to the hot air chamber behind, in which are 6 hot blast rings 
one above the other, 40 in. diam.', '■emented ; engine 30 horse ; 2 tubs 4 x 4, 12 r. 
Ore, coal measure carbonate, in two jfirincipal horizontal beds ; the upper, limestone 
ore, is 6 to 60 inches thick, lying near the tops of the hills on a bed of limestone, 
dipping 30 feet southeast 1.0 the mile ; the lower block ore, 4 to 18 inches thick, 
little used as yet, lies 60 feet lower in the hills ; both when hauled average 40 per 
cent. iron. The Ihnestone ore when blown cold makes a superior rolling mill iron, 
when blown hot it makes a very soft and strong casting, and remains a fluid iron 
when mixed with a large proportion of scrap, which makes it desirable for scrap 
foundries, the aim of which is to get an iron that will melt up a great deal of hard 
scrap and yet run readily into strong plates. The block ore makes a very soft iron 
which will run into very thin plates, but is not so strong. Above the limestone 
ore, 12 to 16 feet, lies an excellent 85 to 5 ft. bituminous coal bed, used by rolling 
mill, but not yet tried in Pinegrove Furnace, as this has large quantities of timber 
at command ; but it is being tried in neighboring furnaces. Above and below the 
limestone ore is a fine fire-clay used by the rolling mills of the neighborhood. 
Product 1856 not less than 2,300 tons of supei'ior foundry pig. Has not run on 
Sunday since Dec. 1844. For the last 2 or 3 years the high price of labor and low 
price of iron has diminished tlie make of former years. (H. P. & C, corr.) Second 
stack built in 1834 ; third about 1840, and enlarged. 

507. UNION Furnace. — The pioneer furnace on this side the river was built by 
Sparks, Means, Fear & Co., of the same size as Mt. Vernon and Hecla, making in 
her last blast in 1854, say 8 or 10 tons a day. Is not likely to blow in again until 
her timber grows up again. J. W. Means lives 5 miles below Ironton on the river. 
Last blast 1854 '5, say 2,000 t., which is a fair allowance and not too much. It is 
a fine ore property, and may possibly be turned into a stone coal furnace. Made 
a good deal of iron always. (C. McC, cl. &c., Jan. '58.) 

608. LA GRANGE Furnace. — 3 miles north of Ironton, on line of Iron E. E., 
near N. W. corner of Section 9, Township 1, Eange 18. Has 2 round, tight cylin- 
ders 3 feet diameter, 4 feet stroke. Ore hematite ; mined frofti 2 veins, within 3 
miles of furnace ; one some 70 feet below the other, both dipping about 25 feet to a 
mile in an E. S. E. direction. The lower vein is somewhat silicious, 6 in. to 1 ft. 
thick, and known by all furnace men in this region as "block ore." The upper vein 
is over a layer of limestone, often resting upon it, and is known as the "lime- 
stone ore ;" it is from 4 to 24 inches thick, and yields a hot or cold blast iron of 
superior quality. Both these ores are hydrated peroxides of iron when exposed 
to surface waters and atmosphere, but in drifting under the hills they sometimes 
become blue and compact carbonates, the condition in which they were originally 
deposited, 15-20 feet above the upper vein is a 3^ feet vein of stone coal. This 
furnace has not been in blast for two years, on account of scarcity of timber, and 
so, as the stone coal is supposed to be suitable for the manufacture of iron, will 
probably be changed into a stone coal furnace or a larger one built. The furnace 
property comprises 3 to 4,000 acres of land. (Corr.) Last blast, May-Dec. '54, say 
1,200 t. The R. R. runs under the old bridge house. All out of repair. (J. P. L.) 

609. HECLA Furnace. — 3 miles from the Ohio (N.), from the R. R. (E.), and from 
Ironton ; was built in the spring and blew in in the fall of 1834. Originally 10 x 33, 
making 4J tons a day. (So in 1834 Pinegrove Furnace made just 4| tons a day ; 
being built like Mt. Vernon.) Has 2 hor. 0^ iron cyl. 3 x 4, 20 r. (2 x 3, steam cyl. 
,,15 X 4J-, 30 r.) ; arranged for hot or cold blast. Uses limestone ore exclusively, 
the bed averaging ,,8. Made in 1853 blast about 1,700 tons, and in 1854 a few tons 
more ; in 18.55 the waters were low and made but 1,300 tons. Began May 1, '56, 
and made 1,665. Began April 20, '57, and blew out early in Dec, averaging a little 



under 8} tons a day, and losing 4 weeks by want of water. Always cold blast 
until 1857, when made 500 tons of warm blast iron. In 1856 made 2,025 t. sale's 
weight ; and in 1857, 1,400 t. -|- 200 on stock pile. (Jan. '58, J. P. L.) 

610. OHIO Furnace. — On Gennatt's Creek, 3 miles from Ohio River, 20 miles due 
E. of Portsmouth and 5 miles N. of Hanging Eock. Has 2 tight tubs 3x4 feet 
stroke, 15 revolutions. Ore hematite (limestone ore) from mines to the N. E. and 
S. E. of furnace ; veins vary from 6 in. to 3^ feet in thickness. 

511. HOWARD Furnace.— On Pine Creek, 20 miles E. of Portsmouth, 8 from 
Ohio River, and 5 miles from S. and H. V. R. H. Has 2 tight tubs 40 inches diameter, 
5 feet stroke, 9 revolutions per minute. Ores hematite and lime-fossil. "We are 
on the outcrop of all the ores in our region. The ' limestone ore' is on our Eastern 
lands. ' Block ore' is found over all. We have a soft ore, in clay, worked only 
by us, a mild working ore when found red ; fossil remains are found in it. Block 
ores are more or less silicious, some so much so as to be condemned, others a fine 
brown hematite. Yield from red ore 35 per ct." Numbers in table from March 1 
to March 1. (Corr.) Howard was run nearly up to her capacity in 1856. Her last 
blast (1857) was from July 1 to Nov. 1, and she has stock ou hand enough to make 
300 t. iron. (Jan. 1858, Dr. McG.) 

612. CLINTON Furnace.— On Pine or Hale's Creek, 14 miles N. E. of Ironton, 9 
miles S. of E. from Wheelersburg on the Ohio, 2 m. N. of Centre F:, 4 m. E. of 
Empire F., 3 S. of Howard F., and 4 W. of Vernon F. Has 2 tight tubs, 32 x 64 
inclies stroke, 22 revolutions. Ore hematite from all round the furnace; best 
limestone ore is from E. of furnace ^ to 2 miles distant, at extreme edge of county ; 
best block ore is from J to 3 miles distant, to the west of Pine Creek. Some of the 
furnace property is in Lawrence Co. (Corr.) WiU make a big blast in 1857-8, say 
2,600 tons. (Jan. '68.) 

613. BLOOM Furnace. — Was rebuilt about 1844, and is a "second class" stack, 
heating steam and air at the tunnel-head in the usual way, and using block and 
limestone ores in irregular mixtures (say |- b. to f 1.), and working very regularly. 
Made in 1854 something like 2,000 t. ; in 1856 say not over 15 or 1,600 t. ; in 1856, 
all within the year or perhaps a little over into January, 18 or 1,900 t. ; and in 
1857, from about June 1 to Nov. 1, and then 3 weeks in Dec, 1,150 t. (Dr. McG., 
Jan. '68.) 

514. SCIOTO Furnace.— On the Scioto and Hocking Valley E. E., 15 miles north 
of Portsmouth. Has 2 tight tubs, 3j x 5 ft. stroke, 18 revolutions. Ores hematite 
and magnetic, lying in veins of from 2 to 24 inches in thickness, and can be traced 
for miles in all directions around the works. (Corr.) Will make about 2,600 t. up 
to April 1, 1858. (Jan. 1858.) 

515. HARRISON Furnace. — On small stream about 12 miles N. E. of Portsmouth, 
and 5 miles north of landing place (Sciotoville) on Ohio River. Has 2 tubs, 3i x 5 
feet stroke. Ore hematite ; "block" and " limestone ores" from all round furnace. 

616. FEANKLIN Furnace. — On road from Ironton to Portsmouth, 16 miles E. of 
the latter place and j mile back from Ohio Eiver. Has 2 tight tubs, 3t x 4 feet 
stroke, 20 revolutions. Ore hematite, obtained from ^ to Ig mile distant in the 
S. W. crop of the block ore of these parts, and which lies in a semicircle to the 
N. N. E. and E. of furnace in veins of about 6 inches thick with seams running 
through it. The veins lie high up in a ridge separating the furnace stream from 
Pine Creek. 

617. JUNIOR Furnace. — On Genatt's Creek, in S. E. corner of County, 3 miles 
from the Ohio, 20 miles due E. from Portsmouth, and 12 miles N. of Ironton. Has 
2 tight tubs, 2-J X 4 feet stroke, 25 revolutions. Ores hematite, "block" and "lime- 
stone" ores. The "block ore" crops out in sight of and all round the works, in 3 
veins, viz : 1st. 12 in. thick 20 feet above base of hills ; 2d. Large block or 16 in. 
thick 25 feet higlrer ; 3d. Fine hematite block ore 8-10 inches thick 12 feet above 
2d vein ; the 3 yield 33-44 per ct. of iron. The "limestone" ore, in a vein 8 in. to 
2j feet thick crops out I5 miles east, and yields 44 to 52 per ct. ; this vein and the 
fine hematite (Ho. 3) give the best yield, and are easiest smelted. These 2 veins 
were used for the blast of 1856, hence the greater proportionate quantity of iron 
made by us in that year. 

518. EMPIEE Furnace.— On Poplar Fork of Pine Creek, 18 miles N. E. of Ports- 
mouth, 14 S. W. of Ironton, and 7 N. E. of Ohio Eiver. Has 2 tight tubs, Sf x 5 
stroke, 13 revolutions. Ore hematite. Mines lie in all directions round furnace 
from J-to 4 miles distant. Use principally block ore, which lies 200 feet above the 
water courses in vein of from 3 to 24 inches thick. HiU not high enough to take 
in the "limestone ore" veins. 

619. Old Brush Creek Furnace, Adams Co., on Brush Creek, 12 miles from the 
Ohio Eiver, was built in 1812, and run in 1813 by Mr. James Eogers, now living at 
Hanging Eock. It and the two following furnaces were deserted soon after the 
Ironton and Hanging Eock ores were discovered and worked, that is about the 
year 1826, when the Messrs. Hamilton, Andrew Ellison, Archibald Paull, and Mr. 
Rogers, who had gone from Pennsylvania to Adams County, began to operate in 
Lawrence County. Andrew Dempsey came about the same time direct from Penna. 
Thos. Means' father. Governor McArthur, and Thos. James, of Chilicothe, dec, were 
all three owners in Adams Co. 

620. Old Steam Furnace, Adams Co. ; was built in 1816. 

621. Old Marble Furnace, Adams Co., on Brush Creek, 10 miles above Brush 
Creek Furnace; was built also in 1816. 

Snf- Note, May 1, 1858. — The following Extract from the Report of the Commis- 
sioners of Statistics to the Legislature of Ohio appears ou p. 327 of the "New York 
Mining Magazine" for April 1858, and may be usefully compared with tlie tables 
above given, to show the jealousy of overstatement with which the latter have 
been prepared. 

Gallia, 1 furnace, 2,000 tons. Mahoning, 6 furnaces, 12,000 tons. 

Hocking, 3 6,.500 Scioto, 9 18,000 

Jackson, 12 25,000 Stark, 2 4,000 

Lake, 1 1,000 Tuscarawas 1 - 2,500 

Lawrence, 14 27,000 Vinton. 6 7,600 

The aggregate is 54 furnaces producing 105,500 tons of pig metal. In 1840, 30 
furnaces produced 28,000, and in 1850, 35 furnaces produced 52,658. Of the fur- 
naces above enumerated 4 consume bit. coal. Mr. Conway, of Portsmoutli, calcu- 
lates that each furnace employs constantly 100 men, three-fourtlis of whom liave 
families (in all, therefore, 30,000 persons, besides irregulars, men and horses, me- 
chanics and traders) ; 600 barrels of flour ; 300 barrels of corn meal ; 10,000 bush, 
of corn ; 50,000 lbs. of bacon; each furnace furnishing a suflicient market for its 
neighborhood. 

EAST KENTUCKY FURNACES. 

Old Enterprise Furnace and Forge, on Tygart's Creek, 6 miles below Greenups- 
burg, were large works, owned by Clingman, and out 20 years ago. 



E^^FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE MEMBERS. 

133 



Old Darlington Furnace, on Tygart's Creek, 4 or 5 miles above Enterprise and 
west of Grecnupsljurg ; has been out for IS years and more. 

522. NEW HAMPSHIRE Furnace.— On a tributary of Tygart's Creek, 12 miles 
W. of Greenupsburg, 12 miles S. of Portsmouth, Ohio, and 10 miles S. of E. of 
Quincy on Ohio River. Built by Seaton. Has 2 tight tubs Sj ft. diameter, 5 ft. 
stroke, 10 revolutions per m. Ore mostly carbonate, some fossil. Ores found in 
most of the hills around furnace, 3 to 4 veins in each hill, some of which contain 
fossils ; the most part of the ore is carbonate. " Hearth generally put in 6 feet 
high and 3S to 40 in. diameter at top ; bosh lOJ inches to the foot." 

523. KENTON Furnace.— On Big White Oak Creek and on State Road, 6 miles 
from the Ohio, 9 below Portsmouth, Ohio, and 15 from Greenupsburg. Has 2 tight 
tubs, 31 X 6 stroke, with revolutions sufficient to blow 1,500 ft. of air. Ores hema- 
tite, fossil, magnetic and carbonate, found on all sides from furnace y to 2 miles 
distant. Strip 7, 8, 10 and sometimes 20 feet. Aver, cost of ore delivered on stock 
bank about 2.25 dolls, per 2,688 lbs. ■$2..50 has been paid for a selected article. 
Ores, when mixed, yield 40 per ct. on cold blast and would yield 43 to 45 per ct. 
on hot blast. This furnace was finished in June 1854. Started March-April and 
stopped July, Aug. 1857. Not going Jan. 1858. 

624. RACCOON Furnace. — On Raccoon Creek, 2 miles from Sandy in the Gap 
between Sandy River and Tygart's Creek, and 7 miles S. W. of Greenupsburg ; built 
by D. & J. Trimble. Has 2 tight tubs, 4x4 stroke, 12-15 revolutions. Ore hema- 
tite ("block ore"). Main "block" vein is about 10 inches thick with kidney 
above it, both lying in hard black slate or shale. Generally strip the ore from 5 
to 20 feet. The ore lies to the east, south and west of furnace, and about 275 feet 
above bed of creek. Going Jan. 1858. 

525. BUFFALO Furnace.— Built in 18.51 by L. HoUiston & Co. Went into blast 
1852, and has made over 7,000 tons up to March 1857. In, May 1855 ; out Feb. 
18.56 ; out March 15, 1857 ; in May 1857, and will probably make 1,500 tons before 
blowing out March 18.58. Has 20^ iron horizontal cyl. „40 x 4 ft. 1 25 = 12i rev. 
per minute. The hot blast pipe comps back under between the boilers, before de- 
scending to the tuyeres. (Mr. Walker, Jan. 15, '58.) 

526. ARGOLITE Furnace. — "Has been abandoned for 30 years. Nothing but an 
old mill marks the place where she once stood," near Buffalo Furnace. (Corr. of 
E. M. Briggs.) Argolite furnace was built in 1818, at the same time as Union, and 
one year after Steam Furnace, by Rich'd Bearing and others; and went out in 
1837 at the failure of its next owner Mr. Trimble. It was not a structure but an 
excavation, in the solid slate rock of the cliff, the arch-way below being excavated 
to meet it. In this curious feature it resembles several other of these western 
furnaces. It was always small and made very little iron. Mr. Jas. Forsyth's (of 
Junior Furnace) father was founder. 

Pactolus' Furnace and Forge, on Sandy above Argolite, and built just after it, 
were built by Ward & McMurtrie, and were abandoned 20 years ago. 

527. CAROLINE Furnace. — 2 miles back of the Landing, 1 mile below Hanging 
Rock, and 4 miles below fronton. Has 2 round, iron, double acting cyls. 3 x 5, 14 
r. Ore " limestone" (coal measure carbonates), mines ^ to 3 m. east and south. 
Iron cold short. Is in blast, Nov. 1857. (Cor.) Will make about 1,200 tons this 
blast (Jan. 18, 1857). 

628. STEAM Furnace. — 3 miles back of its lauding, 3 miles above Greenupsburg, 
and 2J below Hanging Rock. Was the first furnace built in the Ironton region, 
immediately after the peace with England, in 1817 by Leven Shreeves & Bro., now 
of Louisville. A few years afterwards Mr. Shreeves bragged to Mr. Young that 
his furnace made 6,000 lbs. of iron in 24 hours. It was abandoned about 1842, 
because its timber was all cut. Three years ago the present owners rebuilt it, en- 
larged, and now run it upon its second growth of timber. Sarnl. G. Wurtz lives 
at Caroline Landing, Geo. Wurts at Steam Landing. Has run hot since 1854. Has 
a horizontal engine and 2 vertical 0^ iron cylinders 4 x 5 f t. stroke, 12 to 15 r. 
(steam crank twice as many). Has never made more than 1,200 tons to a blast. 
(G. W., Jan. IS, '58.) 

629. AMANDA Furnace! — On the Ohio River, opposite the upper end of Ironton, 
and the only furnace on the river bank. Was built Ijy Lindsey Page (and others), 
one of the pioneers in iron making in the West. It was last owned by A. Paull 
& Co., and went out in the spring of 1854 running up stock, say 200 tons. It will 
blow in again about May 1, 1858, and with a wider tunnel-head ; first on charcoal 
and then try coke. Has an old horizontal engine and 2 new 0^ iron cylinders, 
,,44 X 4 ft. stroke, supported on guides at both ends, horizontal, at the side of the 
stack and blowing straight into the tuyere arch. "Two long boilers lie over the 
tunnel-head and run back through the bridge house to the stack ; the filling is 
done on the side by a slide. Coal and ore crop out for two miles on the property 
along the face of the bluffs and in the ravines. Coal 3 feet fat and good for coke, 
100 feet above the tunnel-head ; below which 30 ? feet lies the limestone fossilifer- 
ous ore, under sand, and over limestone. In one place two feet of hematite over- 
lies 2 feet of solid blue ore, over 4 feet of limestone. A little above the level of 
the tunnel-head is the "block" or hard blue carbonate ore bed, hitherto rejected, 
but a good ore. Ore mined for $2^ per ton. (J. P. L., Jan. 15, '5S.) 

530. BELLEFONTE Furnace.— On Hood's Creek, 2J miles S. W. of Ashland 
(which is 4 miles above Ironton). Has 2 loose tubs 3 x 3? stroke, 24 revolutions. 
Ore hematite ; ore used is called "limestone ore," and is found over a large portion 
of the furnace property, as is also kidney and other outcrops. 8,000 acres land 
belong to furnace and lie mainly in a south and west direction. (Corr.) Went in 
blast April and out Oct. 1857, making about 1,200 tons, and will not blow in again 
before 1859. (Mr. NicoUs.) 

531. CLINTON Furnace. — 6 miles backfi-om its landing (Ashland), 4 miles above 
Ironton ; was built in 1832* by Messrs. Page, of Greenup, and with the exception 
of a few years has been going ever since. It is the same size as Bellefoute, and 
has made about 1,500 tons each year, and will make about that amount up to April 
1858. (Jan. '58, Mr. N.) This furnace lies as much outof the "furuace belt," that 
is to the eastward of the line where the limestone ore goes under water level, as 
Oakridge, and has been obliged to haul limestone ore from the West. 

Old Oakland Furnace, 5 or 6 miles up Sandy, and a little back, was built by 
Koons and others about 1835 or 6, and made one blast and was then abandoned 
from a scarcity of ore. 

532. PENNSYLVANIA Furnace.— On Williams Creek, 6 m. W. of its station on 
the R. R., 5 miles from Ashland. Has 2 iron, double acting, round cylinders, 
3-3" X 4^ stroke, 14 revolutions. Ores hematite. "Block" and "limestone" ores 
obtained from i to 4 miles distant. Furuace has made this year up to Oct. 26, 1S57, 
1,400 tons in 24 weeks. (Cerr.) Went out in December. (Jan. 18.38.) 

533. BUENA VISTA Furnace. — On branch of Little Sandy River, 5 miles west 



of Lexington and Big Sandy R. R. Station, 10 miles S. W. of Ashland. Has 2 
tight tubs, 38 X 48 inches stroke, 11 revolutions. Ore brown hematite. Furnace 
stands midst the ore mines of this region ; the latter contains, besides oi-e, bitumi- 
nous coal and some little cannel. This furnace does not blow on Sundays. (Corr.) 
Has made say 11-1200 tons. (Jan. 1S5S.) 

534. GREENUP Furnace.— On Little Fork Saudy River, 3 miles further than 
B. V. from same R. R. Station. Has 2 round, iron, single acting cylinders 4 feet 
diameter, u\ ft. stroke, 16 revolutions per minute. Ore hematite, mostly "lime- 
stone," but some "block" ore. Furnace stands in centre of 9,500 acre tract with 
3 to 5 veins ore in every hill. Furnace has been running this year (1857). (Corr.) 
Has made 12 or 1300 tons this blast. (Mr. N., Jan. '.58.) 

635. LAUREL Furnace, — 12 miles S. W. of Greenupsburg. Has 2 round, double 
acting, iron cylinders 3i x 5 ft. stroke. Ore "block" and kidney from neighboring 
hills. "Will make about 1,600 tons metal this year (1857)." (Corr.) Went out 
middle of Dec. 1857, and made say 1,300 t. (Mr. N., Jan. 1858.) 

536. BOONE Furnace. — On Grassy Creek, about 40 paces from the Carter Co. 
Line in Greenup ; is owned by Boston, Eifort & Co., and went into blast July 1S57. 
(Corr. of R. M. Briggs.) 

637. STAR Furnace. — On Williams Creek, 4 miles beyond the present terminus 
of the Ashland R. R. (10 miles from Ashland). Has 2 loose tubs, •SYf, ft. x 5^ ft. 
stroke, 16 revolutions per minute. This furnace does not blow on Sunday. (Corr.) 
Usually blovrs hot; occasionally makes a few tons of cold. Cold in 1856. Made 
900 t. the first blast all in 1848, next year's blast nearlv 1,.500. Mr. Nicholls bought 
in Nov. 185.5, and made from April 1, '56 to middle Feb. 1857, 2,100 tons ; 390 of 
which was in 18.37. Went in again, April 1 and out Dec. 25, 1857, making 1,900 
tons. In 1S55 made a small blast— bet. 700 and 800 tons. (Mr. Nicholls, Jan. 1858.) 

5.37 5. CAJVIP. BRANCH or FAREWELL Furnace.— Near the Carter Co. line, 14 
miles S. S. W. of Greenupsburg, on the bank of Little Sandy River. Was built by 
David and John Trimble, and abandoned 30 or 35 years ago. (Corr. of R. M. B.) 

538. MT. SAVAGE Furnace.— On Straight Creek, 6 miles E. of Grayson, 25 miles 
S. W. from mouth of Big Sandy River, 3 miles S. of L. & B. S. R. R. Has 2 tight 
tubs 3j X 5 stroke, 13 revolutions. Ore "limestone" and "kidney," from all 
round the furnace. This region contains sand block from 6-12 in. in thickness; 
small blue block S-15 inches ; a red and blue limestone ore 8-15 inches. Ores 
average from 43 to 50 per ct. (Corr.) Went in in the spring and out Nov. 1857, and 
blew irregularly in the summer. (Mr. N., Jan. 1858.) 

5.39. SANDY Furnace. — On Bolt's Fork, 5 miles west of Big Sandy ; was built 
by Mr. Young (now of Ironton) in 1S4S for Y'oung, Foster & Co., 32 feet square, 
base ; boilers on the bridge house, ends over the tunnel head. Has 2 tubs, 12 to 
14 revolutions. Situation good for timber, but the ore did not work well and the 
furnace never made any good iron. Made a blast in 1S54 and nothing since. (C ) 
Mr. Wurtz ran it in 1854 and used up stock in the winter of 1854-^, making say 
1,000 tons. (W. W., Jan. 1858.) 

540 CARTER'S Furnace (Old Caney).— On Caney Fork of Licking, 5 miles east 
of Olympian Springs, and near the White Sulphur Springs, 53 miles east of Lex- 
ington. Uses a 55.95 per cent, hematite, of a bed „S,,12 thick, on limestone, com- 
pact hard (see Dr. Peter's Anal, in Owen's Report, VoL I. p. 263.) Was in blast 
last winter. (Jan. 1S58.) 

CLEAR CREEK Furnace, on Licking River. Hurte & Berry, owners, Hugh Barr, 
agent, Cincinnati. 

541. OLD SLATE Furnace.— On Slate Branch of Licking, near Owlngsville; was 
run by Col. Owing and abandoned 30 years ago. This is said to be the oldest iron 
works in Kentucky, and was built by the government troops. Slate Furnace is 
built of yellow magnesian limestone on a foundation ot blue limestone. The ores 
formerly worked by it were from the magnesian limestone of the Clinton Group 
[For. No. V], some of it oolitic, as in Tennessee, but more silicious; apparently 
abundant, but making a rather high, close textured iron. It is therefore the 
equivalent of the Bloomsburg and HoUidaysbnrg fossil ore of Pennsylvania, and 
of the oolitic silicious ore of Wisconsin ; see Furnace No. 600-}-. The old furuace 
went out in 1838 when the lease expired, after being in operation 47 years. Owen's 
Rep. Vol. III. p. 131. 

542. MILLER CREEK Furnace. — At the head of Miller Creek, a small branch of 
Kentucky River, and about 50 miles due south from May.sville on the Ohio Elver ; 
is supplied with kidney and block ore, principally carbonate but mixed more or 
less with limonite, from extensive beds between the base of the coal measures and 
the subcarboniferous limestone, about 60 feet below the former and 20 above the 
latter. (Owen's Report, Vol. III. p, 135.) This is in fact the No, XI. ore of the 
Pennsylvania Survey, reappearing on the western outcrop of the great Allegheny 
coal field, through Bath, Powell, Estell and other counties of Kentucky. Its place 
will be seen by the following section : — 

Sandstone, whitish, pebbly, XII, capping therid.ges ; shales with coal ? 10-15 ft. ; 

Ferrug. shale; rough ORE; shale ; low maiu ORE, 9-16 in. ; 

Subcarboniferous limestone, upper white and bufl' beds; sandstone; middle gray 

beds ; sandstone 110 ft. ; lower white beds 95 feet ; 
"Knob freestones" [= Waverly sandstone of New York], 200 ft. ; ash shale and 

"knob ore" [For. VIII], 140 ft. ; black Devonian shale [For. VIII.], 100ft. The 

still lower earthy calcar. cement(?) layers [of VIII] are seen 4 miles southeast of 

the Fm-fje. 

543. COTTAGE Furnace.— Lately erected by Messrs. Mason & Wheeler ; is supr 
plied with No. XI ore from the hills between Cow and Miller's Creeks, stripped IQ 
feet, average thickness of bed 9 to 12 inches, and lying 15-20 feet beneath the over- 
hanging. clftfs of conglomerate sandstone (No. XII) at the base of the coal measures 
[precisely as at Blossburg and Ralston in Northern Pennsylvania], one mass of 
which rising at the head of Hardwick's Creek is called The State House. At one 
place the bejl was 20 inches thick, with three clay partings aud 16 inches of ore. 
At the California bank the ore is hematized. (Owen's Report, Vol. Ill, p. 135.) 

544 RED RIVER now STEAM Furnace.— 57 miles S. E. from Lexington, 7 miles 
from the Kentucky River ; down which the iron is shipped in flatboats. Has one 
wood and one iron cyl. 40 in. diameter. Ore banks from 1 to 4 m. around ; not in 
laro-e beds; on limestone; making superior car-wheel iron chilling % inches deep; 
makes extra bar iron when mixed with some white. Use about 200 bush, of char^ 
coal (4 cents) to the ton of iron, strong gray coarse grained, cold blast. (J. A. 
Jackson, correspond.) 

54) Old Furnace, in operation 25 years ago, running on the ore found on the 
table' laud near the Creelsboro'-Jamestown Road, in red clay. (Owen's Report , 
Vol. Ill, p. 150.) 



Entered according to tlie Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the pistrict Court of the 

United States in and for the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylvania. 



TABLE I— FORGES. 



134 

AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION. 



SOUTH OF THE 



situation; owners; p. o. address; lessees and managers. 



■WHEN 
BUILT OR 
KEBTJII.T. 



1. VIRGINIA. 



1 mile southeast of the Capitol. 
Forks of the Potomac and Shenandoah, 
10 miles east of Charlestown. 
23 miles northwest of Winchester. 
3 miles east of Morgantown. 

2.5 miles southwest of Winchester. 
8 miles southwest of Front Royal. 
6 miles southwest of Woodstock. 

8 miles southwest of Woodstock. 

12 miles southwest of Woodstock. 

3}4 miles north of Newmarket. 
l}i miles north of Luray. 

2 miles north of Luray. 

3 miles west of Newport. 
3 miles west of Newport. 

9 miles south of Newport. 
3 miles south of Port Repuhlic. 
15 miles north of Staunton. 

13 miles southeast of Staunton. 

9 miles north of Lexington. 

10 miles north of Lexington. 

9 miles S. S. E. of Lexington. 

11 miles west of Buchanan. 
4% miles above Fincastle. 
n}i miles east of Covington. 

13 miles east of Covington. 

2 miles west of Covington. 

1 mile above Newcastle. 
On Walker's Creek. 

12 miles southwest of Christiausburg 

5}4 miles west of Franklin C. H. 
20 miles south of Franklin C. H. 
5 miles south of Blue Falls Forge. 

14 miles east of Patrick C. H. 

3 miles below Grayson's Springs. 

10 miles west of Hillsville. 
15* miles north of Hillsville. 
12 miles west of Hillsville. 

2 miles below Chestnut Forge. 

12 miles east of Wytheville. 

13 miles southeast of Wytheville. 
12* miles south of Wytheville. 
12 miles S. S. W. of Wytheville. 
20* miles east of Wytheville. 

15 miles north of Marion. 

239. Old forge. 15 miles north of Marion. 

240. Barton's. 6 miles south of Marion. 

241. Nicholses'. 1 mile southwest of Barton's Furnace. 

242. Chatham Hill, No. 1. 19 miles northeast of Saltville. 

243. Chatham Hill, No. 2. 18 miles northeast of Saltville. 



194. Navy Yard. 

195. Armory. 

196. South Bend. 

197. Bloomery. 

198. Rock. 

199. Capon. 

200. Harmony. 

201. Union, A. 

202. Valley, A. 

203. Liberty. 

204. Pine. 

205. Speedwell, No. 1. 

206. Speedwell, No. 2. 

207. Catharine, No. 1. 

208. Catharine, No. 2. 

209. Shenandoah. 

210. Mount Vernon. 

211. Mossy Creek. 

212. Union, B. 

213. Gibraltar. 

214. Lebanon. 

215. Buffalo. 

216. James River. 

217. Brunswick. 

218. Globe. 

219. Clifton. 

220. Exchange. 

221. Old forge. 

222. Old forge. 

223. Bill's (Snowhill). 

224. Valley, B. 

225. Blue Falls. 

226. Union., C 

227. Mayo. 

228. Wilkinson, No. 2. 

229. Wilkinson, No. 1. 

230. Old Pierce. 

231. Chestnut. 

232. Old forge. 

233. Graham's. 

234. Pierce's. 

235. Chatwell. 

236. Wilkinson, No. 3. 

237. High Rock. 

238. Davis's. 



United States Government. Jas. Tucker, sup't blacksmith depart't. 
United States Government. Hen. W. Clowe, sup't. Harper's Ferry. 
Charles Brooke, Wagontown, Chester Co., Pa., owner. 

C. H. Pancoast & Jas. Magee, 403 Walnut St., Phila., & Pawpaw Tan- 
Edgar C. Wilson, owner & manager. Morgantown P. 0. [uel P. O. 

J. J. Kelly (late Geo. F. Hupp), owner & man. Wardensville P. O. 

Peter R. Bell, owner and manager. Water Lick P. 0. 

Lantz & Rinker, owners. Sam. L. Lantz, man. Lantz's Mills P. O. 

Wissler & (Sam.) Myers, owners. Columbia Furnace P. O. 

Walter Newman, owner. Benj. P. Newman, man. Liberty Furnace. 

Philip E. Frederick, owner and manager. Newmarket P. 0. 
Henry Forrer, owner, Shenandoah P. 0. J. Geary, manager. 
Henry Forrer, owner. John Geary, manager. Luray P. 0. 
John McKiernan, owner and manager. Alma P. 0. 
John McKiernan, owner and manager. Alma P. O. 

D. & H. Forrer, late on'rs & present less. Shenand. Iron Wks. P. 0. 
John Miller, owner. Wm. G. Miller. Port Republic P. 0. 
Daniel Forrer, owner and manager. Mossy Creek P. O. 
James E. Irvine, owner and manager. Waynesboro P. 0. 
W. W. Davis, owner. J. Cole Davis, man. Rockbridge Baths P. O. 



DiST. Columbia. 1812,* 18.32* 
Jefferson. 1854 

Jefferson. 1835 — 1S38 

Hampshire. 1852, 185.9 

mononualia. 18 



244. Piney Cliff. 

245. Fox Creek. 

246. Brown's. 

247. White's, No, 1. 

248. White's, No. 2. 

249. Howard's. 

250. .Tohnson's. 

251. Moccasin. 

252. Milam. 

253. Bowling Green. 



3 miles northeast of Saltville. 
10 miles south of Barton's Forge. 
7 miles south of Abingdon. 

15 miles southwest of Saltville. 
6 miles west of White's, No. 1. 

30 miles northwest of Abingdon. 
14* miles west of Lebanon. 
5 miles northeast of Estillville. 

16 miles west of Jonesville. 
15 miles west of Jonesville. 



Hardt. 

Warrek. 

Shenandoah. 

Shenandoah. 

Shenandoah. 

Shenandoah. 

Page. 

Page. 

Page. 

Page. 

Page. 

Rockingham. 

Augusta. 

Augusta. 

Rockbridge. 



Wm. Jordan, to be 0. 1859. M. Bryan, present own. W. W. Davis, les. Rockbridge. 
Wm. Weaver, owner and manager. Saunders's Store P. 0. Rockbridge. 

Wm. Ross built It. Abandoned 12 or 15 years ago and no trace left Botetourt. 
On Catawba Creek. Abandoned about 8 years ago and all in ruins. Botetourt. 
Edwin & Ira F. Jordan, on'rs & manag's. Cow Pasture Bridge P. O. Allegheny. 

W. L. Alexander, owner and manager. Clifton Forge P. O. Allegheny. 

H. T. Jordan & Co., Covington, on'rs. B. J. Jordan & Co., less. W. H. Allegheny. 
On Craig's Creek. Abandoned 10 or 15 years ago. [Jordan, man. Craig. 

Anselm Brawley, owner. Abandoned before April, 1834. Giles. 

. David B. Bill, owner and manager. Snowville P. 0. Pulaski. 

Peter Saunders, owner and manager. Franklin Court House. Franklin. 

Sara. W. Haii-ston,own. Allen Earner, M. Union Furn. P. 0. (Patrick Franklin. 
Near Union Furnace. Washed away in 1850, never rebuilt. [Co.) Patrick. 

Geo. W. & J. G. Penn, owners. Penn's Store P. O. Patrick. 

Wm. Wilkinson. Abandoned more than 6 years ago. Carroll. 

Elisha Burnett & Sons. Hillsville P. O. Carroll. 

David Pierce. Abandoned 45 years ago and now gone. Carroll. 

John Blair's heirs. Abandoned 5 years ago and in ruins. Carroll. 

Abandoned 50* years ago and now gone. Carroll. 

David Graham, owner. Mitchell B. Tate, man. Graham's Forge P. 0. Wythe. 

Alex. Pierce, own. Robt. Williams & H. E. Catron, less. Brownhill. Wythe. 
J. P. M. Zimmerman, owner. Robt. Sandus, lessee. Brownhill P. 0. Wythe. 
James Wilkinson, owner. Robert Sandus, lessee. Brownhill P. 0. Wythe. 
Abandoned 6 or 7 years ago. Wythe. 

One of the oldest in the region. Abandoned about the year 1837. Wythe. 

Near Davis's Forge. Begun in 1832* and never finished. Wythe. 

John H. Barton, owner and manager. Rye Valley P. O. Smyth. 

Wm. K. & Franklin Nichols. Rye Valley P. O. Smyth. 

On the N. Fork of Holston. Abandoned 1837 or earlier. Smyth. 

Andrew Cox, owner and manager. Chatham Hill P. 0. Smyth. 

Thomas L. Preston, owner. Harry Powers, manager. Saltville P. 0. Smyth. 1847 

James Nelson, owner and manager. Big Meadow P. 0. Grayson. 18 

James Brown, owner and manager. Abingdon P. O. Washington. 1825,* 1841* 

At White's Furnace on N. Fork of Holston. Aband. before 1837, gone. Washington. IS 

On Brumley Creek. Abandoned before 1S37 and quite gone. Washington. 18 

Johnson & John T. Howard, owners. New Garden P. 0. Russell.' 1853 

On Copper Creek. Abandoned 30 to 40 years ago. Russell. 18 

Wm. B. White, owner and manager. Estillville, P. 0. Scott. 1S51 

Bales, Edds & Co., owners. Hunter Edds, manager. Rose Hill P. 0. Lee. 1825,* 1847* 

C. & R. M. Bales & Co., owners. Robt. M. Bales, M. Rose Hill P. O. Lee. 1828,1857 



18 
1855 
1850 
1832 

1828 

1725, 183.5 
1815* 
1820* 
18 
18 

IS 
1810, 1855 
1757-67, 1836 
ISOO,* 1850 
ISOO,* 1845* 

1825* 

1800,* 1840* 

1825,* 1845* 

18 

1832* 

1824— '27 
1848 
1830* 

1845* 

1850* 

1852* 

18 

1836 

1840* 

1832* 
18? 
. 18 
1790* 
ISOO, 1856 

1822,? 1853 
1843* 

1800?-46'50 
18 
very old. 

18.52* 
'1857 
1807? 
18 
1833 



1807, 



2. NORTH CAROLINA.— MIDDLE BELT. 



254. Union. 

255. Tunnel. 

256. Frost's. 

257. Keyser's. 

258. Hill's. 

259. Fulk's. 

260. Hiatt's (upper). 

261. Hiatt's (lower) 

262. Blackwood's. 
263 Cooper's. 

264. Hobson's, No. 1. 

265. Hobson's, No. 2. 

266. Forbush. 

267. Mt. Carmel. 

268. Rough and Ready. 



6 miles northeast of Danbury. 
Opposite Danbury. 

1 mile from Keyser's Forge. 
10 miles southwest of Danbury. 
19 miles west of Danbury. 

2 miles southwest of Tom's Creek P. 0. 

13 miles north of Rockford. 

4 miles below the last. 

5 miles northwest of Rockford. 
1 mile above the last. 

9 miles southeast of Rockford. 
8 miles south of Rockford. 

3 miles east of Hobson's, No. 1. 

14 miles northeast of Lincolnton. 
12 miles northeast of Lincolnton. 



Alex. Martin, owner and manager. Martin's Lime Kilns P. 0. Stokes. 1780, 1854 

Stokes Iron Mining Co. R. D. Golding own. H. W. Adkins, M. Ger- Stokes. 1843 

Dr. Pepper, Danbury. Out of blast for 6 years. [raanton P. 0. Stokes. 18 

Pliilip Keyser, owner and manager. Germanton P. 0. Stokes. 1796, 1855 

Wm. Hill, owner and manager. Tom's Creek P. 0. Surry. 1791, 1833 

Pleasant Evans, owner. Out of use for 3 or 4 years and out of repair. Surry. 18 

Gabriel Hiatt, owner and manager. Flat Shoal P. 0. Surry. 1831 

Martin Hiatt, owner and manager. Tom's Creek P. 0. Surry. 1845, 1856 

N. H. Blackwood, owner and manager. Rockford P. 0. Surry. 1836, 1852 

B. M. Cooper, owner and manager. Dobson P. 0. Surry. 1854 

Stephen Hobson, owner and manager. Republic P. 0. Yadkin. 1843 

Stephen HobsoD, owner and manager. Republic P. O. Yadkin. 1849 

Jesse Outen, owner and manager. Forbush P. 0. Yadkin. 1837,1849? 

Isaac E. Pain, owner and manager. Mountain Creek P. 0. Catawba. 1817, 1853 

J. M. Smith, owner and manager. Mountain Creek P. 0. Catawba. 18 . 



Continued on pp. 138, 139. 



135 



POTOMAC RIVER. 



OFFICE 141 S. EIGHTH ST., PHILADELPHIA. 



May 1, 1858. 



■NDMBER OF FIRES 



CONSUMPTION 1836. 



PKOPUCTIOX. 



§ g .s a 

SJ 3 <» cj 

K fL, w a 



Kind 

of 
power. 



1854. 1855. 185G. 

Wks. Wks. Wks. 

Bl's. Bars. Bl's. Bars. Bl's, Bars. 



Kind 

of 
manufacture. 



1. VIEGINIA. 



194. Nary Yard 10 4 

195. Armory 4 4 

196. SoutliBeud .. 3 .. 1 .. .. 1 

197. Bloomery .. '4 1 2 

198. Eock ., 2 1 1 

199. Capon .. 3 1 2 

200. Harmony .. 1 1 1 

201. Union, A ,. 3 1 I .... 2 

202. Valley, A . . =1 1 ] .. .. 2 

203. Liberty .. "1 1 1 .. .. 2 

204. Pine .. =1 1 1 .. .. 2 

205. Speedwell, No. 1 .. =2 . . 1 .. .. 1 

206. Speedwell, No. 2 . . . . 1 1 

207. Catharine, No. 1 .. 1 1 1 .. .. 1 

208. Catharine, No. 2 . . 1 1 1 

209. Shenandoah • .. 5 '0 1 .. ., 2 

210. Mount Vernon .. 4 1 1 .. .. 2 

211. Mossy Creek .. 1 1 2 

212. Union, B ,. 2 1 1 .... 2 

213. Gibraltar .. 3 1 1 

214. Lebanon .. 3 1 2 

215. Buffalo .. 3 1 2 

216. James Eirer 

217. Brunswick 

218. Globe .. 1 1 1 .. .. 1 

219. Clifton .. 3 1 1 .. .. 2 

220. Exchange .. 3 1 1 .. .. 1 

221. Old forge 

222. Oldforge 

223. Bill's 3 1 

224. Valley, B ., 2 .. 1 .. .. 1 

225. Blue Falls .. 2 1 2 

226. Union, C 

227. Mayo .. 2 1 2 

228. Wilkinson, No. 2 

229. Wilkinson, No. 1 1 1 

230. Old Pierce 

231. Chestnut 

232. Old forge 

233. Graham's .. 4 1 

234. Pierce's 2 1 

2.35. Chatwell 2 1 

236. Wilkinson, No. 3 2 1 

237. High Eock 

238. Davis's 

2.39. Oldforge 

240. Barton's 1 1 

241. Nicholses' 2 1 

242. Chatham Hill, 1 

243 Chatham Hill, 2 1 1 

244. Piney Cliff 1 

245. Fox Creek 2 1 

246. Brown's H 1 

247. White's, No. 1 

248. White's, No. 2 

249. Howard's 1 1 

250. Johnson's 

251. Moccasin 2 1 

252. Milam =1 1 

253. Bowling Green '^1 1 

2. NORTH CAROLINA.— MIDDLE BELT. 

254. Union 1 1 

255. Tunnel 2 1 

256. Frost's 

257. Keyser's 2 1 

258. Hill's 1 1 

259. Fulk's 

260. Hiatt's (upper) 2 1 

261. Hiatt's (lower) «1 1 

262. Blackwood's 2 1 

263. Cooper's 2 1 

264. Hobson's, No. 1 2 1 

265. Hobson's, No. 2 2 1 

266. Forbush 1 1 

267. Mt. Carmel 1 1 

268. Rough and Ready 2 1 



Steam 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 



Water 

Water 
Water 



Water 

Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 

Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 



Water 
Water 

Water 

Water 

Water 
Water 



Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 



190* 
150* 
30* 

75? 



112* 
170* 



150* 



180* 
70* 



200* 
70? 



. . 70* . . 
. . 40* . . 
? .. ? 

.. 200? 50 
Out of blast 

170? 120? 39? 

'.'. 124 40* 

100* 60* 36* 

. . 25* 26* 

.. 60? 17? 
116? . . 52 
.. 116? ? 

I 64? 34? ? 

350? 200? ? 
150? ? 

45* 25* 

110* 45* 

75* 45* 

152 43* 

100* 52* 
Abandoned 
Abandoned 
.. 45* 50* 

.. .. 

50* 50* 
Abandoned 
Abandoned 
.. 62* 33* 

.. 150? 44? 
Washed away 



Abandoned 

8* 13* 

Abandoned 

Abandoned 

Abandoned 

' 118 20 42* 

. . 60* 41* 
.. 20? 20? 
9? 9? 
Abandoned 
Abandoned 

Begun six 

1^*3? 
. . 25* 50* 
Abandoned 



5? 10? 

4^?3? 

2i|?6? 
Abandoned 
Abandoned 

1 10 
Abandoned 
. . 30* 52 

12* 17* 
.'. 10* 17* 



.. 60* .. 
? .. ? 
.. 160? 40* 
for about 

128? 90? 29? 

. . 12 12? 

80} 138 40* 
150* 60* 40* 

.. 25* 26* 

.. 50? 17? 

116? . . 52 

.. 116' 46? 

75? . . ? 



.. 150? ? 
.. 75* .50 
. . 110* 45* 
15* 85* 40* 

. . 145* 43* 
.. 100* 52* 
and no trace 
about eight 
45* 30* 

. . 130* 45* 
. . 50* 50 
ten or fifteen 
thirteen 
. . 62* 35* 

.. 150? 44? 
.. 100? 41* 
eight years 

more than 

8* 13* 
forty-five 
about five 
about fifty 
128 8 46* 

. . 42* 35* 
.. 10? 10? 
9? 9? 
six or seven 
about ten 



years ago 

25* 60* 
say twenty 
11* 22* 

4* 8* 
Abandoned 

2>^*6» 
say twenty 
say twenty 

2 10 
say thirty 

25* 30? 
. . 12* 17* 
. . 10* 17* 



.. 80* .. 
.. 60* .. 
? .. ? 
.. 200? 50 
four years. 



. . 124J 40* 

125* 100* 40* 

20* 26* 

.. 60? 17? 

119 . . 62 

. . 119 43? 



76? 



300 



154 



.. 20 
150? ? 

76* 60* 
110 45 



.. 200 45 
.. 100* 52* 
of it remains, 
years ago. 
.. 45* 50* 

. . 130* 45* 
.. 50* 50 
years ago. 
years ago. 
62* 35* 

1507 44? 
45? 26? 
never rebuilt. 

25? 9* 
six years ago. 

8* 13* 

years ago. 

years ago. 

years ago. 

161 23 46* 

40* 39* 
.. 10? 10? 
9? 9* 
years ago. 
years ago. 

never finished. 

lJi*3? 
. . 25* 50* 
years ago. 
. . 11* 22* 

4* 8* 
and in ruins. 

2»<*6* 
years ago. 
years ago. 



Anchors, &c. 

Arms. 

Blooms. 

Bars, 

Bars. 

Blooms, bars. 
Blooms, bars. 
Blooms, bars. 
Blooms, bars. 
Bars. 

Bars. 

Anconies. 

Bars. 
( Blooms, bars- 
[ Blooms, bars. 

Blooms. 
Bars, slabs. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Blooms, bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 



Bars. 



Bars. 
Bars. 



Bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 

Blooms, bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 



Bars. 
Bars. 

Bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 



.. .. 

years ago. 

. . 25* 52 
8*17* 
8 17* 



Bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 



918 2176X 



692 2153 



Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 



20* 
120* 

57* 

141* 
63* 
45* 
45* 

48* 
48* 
30* 
48* 
1.32« 



7* 15 
. . 40* 45 
Abandoned 
Abandoned 
.. 19* 47 

Abandoned 
47* 47 
21* 47 
15* 2.5 
27* 40 

20* 39 
20* 39 
10* 26 
21* .35 
44* 40 



7* 15 
. . 40* 45 
say six 
several 
. . 19* 47 



say four 

47* 47 

21* 47 

16* 25 

27* 40 

19* 38 
20* ?9 
10* 26 
16* 27 
44* 40 



7* 15 
. . 40* 45 
years ago. 
years ago. 
. . 19* 47 



years a^o. 

47* 47 

21* 47 

15* 25 

15* 25 

16* 30 
16* 30 
10* 26 
16* 27 
44* 40 



Bars. 
Bars. 



Bars. 



Bar.s. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 



COKTINUED OH PP. 138, 139. 



136 



NOTES TO TABLE I. 



rOEGES SOUTH OF THE POTOMAC. 

The names of the forges are commonly those of the streams on which they are ; 
tut when there are more than one on the same stream, they commonly receive 
the names of their builders or of their owners. The forges are very often owned 
hy two men not in partnership in their business but each owning one of the fire- 
places ; and sometimes one fireplace is owned by more than one, and the other 
by only one. Each fire then may be leased independently of the other. It is a 
common custom for the farmers in the neighborhood of a forge, when they have 
wood or labor to dispose of, to hire the forge until they have consumed their stock 
of charcoal ; and, in this way, the lessees are constantly changing. The forges 
are rented either for so much money a year (say $.500), or for a share of the iron 
made — say one pound in five. Hammermen live in the neighborhood of forges, 
and worlc for so many pounds in the liundred — say twenty, if they themselves 
hire the boy who " tends" for them ; or twelve, if they do not. 

In the dates of building and abandoning, a frequent recurrence of sevens and 
twos maybe noticed (as "1S27," " 1832"). This arises from the date being given, 
when it had been nearly forgotten, as so many years ago, in round numbers, 
reckoning from 1857 ; as " thirty or forty years ago," " at least twenty-five years 
ago," and the like. The forges are built with much less care than those at the 
north, owing partly to the climate and partly to the disposition of the people. 
They often have no walls and no roof, except a few loose boards over the place 
where the hammerman stands, and sometimes not even that. The fireplaces often 
have no chimneys, and are quite open and exposed to the weather. In conse- 
quence of this manner of building, the forges become mere ruins very soon after 
they have been abandoned. 

The use of the water blast is all but universal. It consists of a box say 5 x 2 J x I^ 
ft. deep, nearly immersed in the stream, directly underneath the forebay or flume. 
The water rushes doivu into its upper end from the forebay through a wooden 
pipe, say 8 inches square, separated in two by a space of an inch or two, as if 
the two joints of a stove pipe had parted that much. Into this slit air is sucked 
by the falling water and driven out through another 3 inch tube at the lower 
end. Inside the box, and parallel with its lid, a plank called the "spatter-board" 
is set a few inches below the first tube. Tlie water escapes from a hole under the 
water-level at the lower end of the box. This apparatus gives a cold damp blast, 
with a great waste of water, but one that is very uniform. About four year's ago, 
it is said, some men from Pennsylvania persuaded the forge owners of Worth- 
eastern Tennessee to let them put up fireplaces with a hot blast apparatus, cost- 
ing about $300, materials furnLshed ; but the blast was everywhere disliked, and 
abandoned. The hammers of the bloomaries are of a uniform size and appear- 
ance. They weigh about 750 lb., and have a narrow oblong face, about 10 in. x 2J. 
Charcoal varies in price from two to four cents a bushel. Wood-chopping costs 
commonly forty cents a cord, and coaling the same; but sometimes less. The 
great number of ore-banks mentioned does not necessarily indicate a correspond- 
ing abundance of ore ; for the ore is gathered for each load just where it happens 
to be most convenient, mostly from the surface of the ground or near it ; and it is 
seldom mined more than eight or twelve feet deep. Many of the "banks" spoken 
of are merely places where a few loads, or one winter's supply of ore has been 
obtained. When these holes are exhausted, or it is found that they furnish ore 
of poorer quality, or from any cause it has become inconvenient to load from 
them, they are abandoned for some more convenient spot. This is especially the 
case with the dyestone, or fossil ore, which is sure to be found along the hill-side 
to the right or left of any opening. All the forges make bar iron alone, including 
plough-moulds, wagon-tire, and the like, unless the contrary is expressly stated. 
The market is always (unless expressly stated otherwise), in the immediate 
neighborhood of the forge. The price of bar iron, in Southwestern Virginia, was 
(Aug. 1857) about five cents a pound ; in East Tennessee four to six cents ; in Ashe 
Co., N. C, six cents; in Cass Co., Ga., four to six cents; in Shelby Co., Ala., 
seven or eight cents (Sept. 1857). The product could be ascertained exactly from 
the books in but few instances. Inmost cases, either no account of the product liad 
been kept, or one had been kept in so inconvenient a manner, that it would take, 
it was said, a day or two to find the exact amount. The product was commonly 
so small that it was reckoned in "thousands" (of pounds) ; and therefore the 
error is not likely to be great in any ease. As the product was commonly given 
from memory, it can be relied on in proportion to the recentness of the year. 
The time of working the forge was always estimated, sometimes by the number 
of months that the forge was ordinarily run in a year, sometimes by the number 
of pounds it was thought to average in a week or a day. Hence many discrepan- 
cies will be noticed ; for in a winter's work there will be many an idle day, and 
an average of daily or weekly woric is almost sure to be over estimated. At the 
South the forges are run mostly in the winter months, when the streams are 
fullest. (21 Jan. 1858. Benj. Smith Lyman.) 

VIRGIJS^IA. 

194. NAVY TAED Forge.— On the east bank of the Potomac, one mile S. E. of 
the Capitol. The Navy Agent advertises for iron by contract. The old anchor 
shop was built before the war of 1812, enlarged 25 years ago, and by degrees ever 
since. It has 6 heating fires and one small heating scrap furnace, two Nasmyth 
and one scrap Kirk hammer. Steams with Cumberland coal, but uses Richmond 
coal for anchor work, because it makes a hollow fire. Uses Cumberland in the 
scrap furnace. In the other shops 60 or SO smith fires are kept going, and a great 
deal of chain made from iron furnished rolled and cut up by contract. All Ameri- 
can iron, which is here said to be the best in the world. The scrap comes from 
the other navy yards, and is bloomed and rolled into bars, and worked then into 
anchors, engine shafts, &c. for the whole navy, as none of the other navy yards 
do forging of this kind. A large new shop for large shafts and cranks is just up, 
with a large healing furnace, and 2 heating fires, a 5 ton Nasmytli hammer, with 
a 45,000 lb. anvil block, and 7 feet fall. Anthracite coal for the large furnace 
(B. S. L.). During 1854 '5 and '6, made of scrap iron 460,204 lbs. of anchors from 
8,500 lb. to 60 lb. weight ; and 1,292,552 lb. chain from i in. to 2 in. wire diameter, 
from Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md. and Va. iron. Used 415,000 lb. bar and scrap 
in the construction of the steamer Minnesota, and 11,000 lb. per month miscella- 
neous. (J. Tucker.) 

195. ARMOKT Forge.— This forge has 2 heating furnaces for Nasmyth hammers, 
and 2 common forge hammers; consumes its own scrap (about 100 tons in all 
since beginning to roll in 18.54, increasing the quantity each year), and works only 
for -Armory purposes ; consumes 3 tons Cumberland coal per 24 hours when at 
full work. The Armory makes about .50 tons domestic iron a year, and uses as 
much more Norway bar, which takes a better polish than American iron, and will 
entirely replace it here. "The American iron is not clean, and costs more after 
polishing, otherwise is strong enough (for example the Salisbury brands), but 



does not answer for arms on account of veins of dirt running through it, which 
appear only upon the polished barrel. The same veins occur, but more seldom, 
upon the Norway metal. Would much prefer to nse American metal, if it could 
be obtained." (Correspondence.) Has 2 trains of rolls. 

196. SOUTH BEND Forge.— On the Shenandoah, 4 m. below Shauaondale Fur- 
nace. Not in operation since Aug. 1856. Made first quality blooms. 

197. BLOOMERY Forge.—On Cacapon River, 2 m. below Bloomery Fur. Stopped 

2 or 3 mouths in 1855 to rebuild. Figures in the table conjectural. ' Makes best 
bar iron for neighborhood. 

198. ROCK Forge.—On Decker's Creek, li ra. below Valley Fur. (Table H. 
No. 295 p. 118). Made mostly bar iron, for Pittsburg, from cinder left by 2 old 
knobling fires, and one let out fire which used to be on the site ; mixed a very 
little ore. (J. K.). 

199. CAPON Forge. — On the Cacapon River. Hammers weigh about 6 cwt. 
each ; made bars for neighborhood and blooms for Baltimore and Philadelphia. 
Both Fur. and Forge owned by Geo. F. Hupp, until April 1S57. 

200. HARMONY' Forge.—On Passage Creek, 6 m. S. E. of Strasburg, and IJ m. 
S. of Water Lick Station. Used water blast till spring of '57. Consumes 200* 
bus. charcoal, and I^ tons charcoal pig for every ton of bars made. One refining 
fire and 1 hammer are to be added. Made in 1S57 up to Nov. 26, 11 tons blooms 
and 4 tons bars ; and on hand, partially finished, 6 tons more of bars. 

201. UNION Forge A.— On Stony Creek, 3 m. E. (below) Valley Forge. Used 
but 2 ref. fires in 1856. Uses tub blast. Uses 400 tons good charcoal, and li tons 
char, pig to 1 ton bars. Made in 1853, 267 tons bars in about 10 mos. : and from 
April 1851 to April 1852, 176J^ tons bars, and 43 tons blooms. Bars for home 
market, and blooms for Baltimore, and Wilmington, Del.' 

202. VALLEY Forge A— On Stony Creek, 1 m. below Columbia Fur. Burnt 
down in 1832. Three ref. fires in use before 1856. Uses 1 hammer for drawing 
bars. Uses tub blast. 280* bus. charcoal, and li tons pig to 1 ton bars ; 150* bus. 
charcoal to 1 ton blooms. 300 tons has been made in a year. Home and Balti- 
more markets. 

203. LIBERTY Forge.—On Stony Creek, 2 m. W. of (above) Columbia Fur., 

3 m. E. of Liberty Fur., and 3 m. above Valley Forge. Has tub blast. Uses 1^ 
tons char, pig from Liberty Fur. to 1 ton bars. Home market. 

204. PINE Forge.— 16 miles S. W. of Woodstock, and half a mile off the pike ; 
3^ m. S. of Mount Jackson, has not run more than one-third time for the last 
3 years, averaging about 50 tons a year. Capacity about 12^5 tons a year. Uses 
the run out very little ; 1 tilt ; 1 forge hammer. Makes bars for the neighborhood. 

205. SPEEDWELL Forge, No. 1.— On Hawksbill Creek. Makes anconies for 
No. 2 to forge into bars. (Anconies are blooms half made into bars.) 

206. SPEEDWELL Forge, No. 2.— Half a mile below No. 1. Sends bars across 
the Ridge to Madison, and around the neighborhood. The manager being absent, 
the production was obtained from workmen. 

207. CATHARINE Forge, No. 1.-50 rods below Catharine Furnace (see Table H, 
No. 153 p. 110) ; the two forges are of about the same capacity, and their products 
are not separated in the table. Sends blooms to Baltimore. 

208. CATHARINE Forge, No. 2.-50 rods below No. 1. Has 1 chafery and 1 re- 
finery. Each forge is blown with a cast-iron cylinder and a water receiver. 

209. SHENANDOAH Forge.—On main branch of Shenandoah, near Fur. No. 1. 
Working regularly makes 20 tons blooms per week. Capacity, 1,000 tons per 
annum. Runs now wholly upon blooms, for Baltimore; in 1854 part were sent 
to Wheeling. 

210. MOUNT VERNON Forge.—On the Shenandoah, 1 m. N. of Weir's Cave. 
Run out fire lias 4 tuyeres. Uses oue broad-faced hammer. Makes bar for neigli- 
borhood and slabs for Baltimore plate mills. Was running regularly nearly all 
last year ; no other information being obtainable, the values in the table are 
purely conjectural. The production of the forge is sent down the river to Har- 
per's Ferry at a cost of $7.00 per ton. The Central Railway is 22 miles, and tlie 
Manassa Gap Railway will be 16 miles distant. JB^ For sale. See note 190 to 
Table H, Margaret Jane Fur. p. 112. 

211. MOSSY CREEK Forge.—On Mossy Creek, and on Warm Springs and Har- 
risonburg turnpike, 11 m. W. of latter. Patent blast. Consumes 28-29 cwt. pig 
to the ton bars. Home market. Has chimneys for 5 or 6 fires, with a capacity of 
800 tons per annum. Its 2 hammers are tilt. Water power very fine. 

212. UNION Forge B.— On South River, IJ m. S. of Waynesboro. Has had a 
water blast, but is putting up a new kind invented by Mr. Clopten, of Richmond, 
used at the Blue Ridge Tunnel ; the tubs are made air-tight by water. Uses 
3-400 bus. charcoal to 1 ton bars. Refines char, pig with a small quantity of scrap, 
wrought and cast. In 1857 will make about 90 tons in 9 mos. Makes bars for 
home market. 

213. GIBRALTAR Forge. (This and Lebanon Forge are called the "North 
River Iron Works.") On North River, 1 m. W. of Cedar Grove, 11 m. S. E. of 
Goshen R. E. Station. Six years ago used 2 hammers ; present one weighs 6-7 
cwt. Water blast. Consumes 3,50 bus. char, to 1 ton bars. Has made 900 bus. do 
for 3 tons of bars. Refines char. pig. Makes bars for home and Lynchburg, and 
blooms for Baltimore markets. 

214. LEBANON VALLEY Forge.—On North River, li m. N. W. of Cedar Grove, 
and 1 m. above Gibraltar Forge. Water blast. Refines pig, and in 1856 worked 
up the anconies of Gibraltar Forge into bars for home and Lynchburg markets. 

215. BUFFALO Forge.—On Bufi'alo Creek, i m. N. W. of North River Canal, 
5 m. from mouth of river, 7 m. E. of Natural Bridge, and .33 m. from Lynchburg. 
Used formerly a tub blast, but now a water blast; 1 hammer for anconies, and 1 
for drawing. Pig used from Mtn& Fur. In times of freshet makes about 250 tons, 
its full capacity; in ordinary times about 100 tons per annum. Makes bars for 
home and Lynchburg markets. 

218. GLOBE Forge.—On Simpson's Creek, 4 m. E. of Clifton Forge, 8 m. Wr S. W. 
of Australia Fur., 8 m. E. of Jackson's River Station, 24 m. W. of Lexington. 
Use but one fire at a time. Water blast. Consumes 60 bus. char, a day. Makes 
45 tons bars per annum from 70 tons pig. Makes bars for home markets ; formerly 
sent part to Lynchburg. 

219. CLIFTON Forge. — On Jackson's river, close by Clifton Fur., 4 m. W. of 
Globe Forge, 4 m. E. of Jacksou'.s River Station, and 13 m. W. of Australia Fur. 
Water blast. Hammers weigh 7-SOO lbs. Refines char, pig from Clifton Fur. 



137 



■ U to li tons required for 1 ton bars. Sends bars mostly to Lynchburg, and some 
to Eichmond and western counties. 

220. EXCHANGE Forge.— On Dunlap's Creek, 5i m. W. of Dolly Ann Fur., 13 
m. W. of Clifton Forge. Hammer weighs 7-SOO lbs. Water blast. Refines pig 
from Dolly Ann Fur. Fires run moderately the whole year, except the chafery, 
which is used only part of time. Maizes bars for Allegheny, Monroe, and Bath 
counties. 

223. BILL'S Forge.— On west banlj; of Little Eiver, 10 m. E. of Newbern. 
Bloomary Forge ; uses hematite ore from baulf 2| m. south. Ore is roasted and 
stamped, one ton of which malies from 6 to 7 cwt. iron Home market. 

224 VALLEY Forge B.— On Big River, 2.5 m. E. of Floyd C. H., 3.5 m. N. E. of 
Patrick C. H., 28 m. S. of Big Lick E. R. St., and .55 m. N. "W. of Danville. Water 
blast. Refines char. pig. Makes bars for home and Lynchburg markets. 

225 BLDE FALLS Forge.— On Smith's Eiver, 5 m. 'S. of Union Fur., 20* m. E. 
of Floyd C. H., 25 m. N. E. of Patrick C. H., 45 m. S. S. W. of Big Lick (on Va. 
and Tenn. E. R.), and 55 m. N. W. of Danville. Water blast. Hammers weigh 
7 cwt. each. Refines pig. Makes bars for Danville, Lynchburg, North Carolina, 
and other markets. 

227 MATO Forge.— On Mayo Eiver, 11 m. S. of Union Fur., 35 m. S. W. of 
Franklin C. H., 30 m. S. of Floyd C. H., 16 m. W. of Henry C. H., 50* W. N. W. 
of Danville, and 60* m S. of Big Lick. Water blast; Uses char. pig. Makes 
bars for home and Danville markets. 

229. WILKINSON'S Forge, No. 1.— On Crooked Creek, 4 m. S. of its junction 
with New River, 16* m. from Parry Mount Fur. Uses limestone ore from the old 
George Walton place, 16 m. N. of the Forge, and 2 m. S. W. of Parry Mount Fur. 
Home market. 

230. OLD PIERCE Forge.— On Little Reed Island Creek, in northern corner of 
county. Abandoned. 

231. CHESTNUT Forge.— On Chestnut Cr., i-i m. from Grayson Co. Bloomary. 
2.33. GRAHAM'S Forge.— On Reed Cr., under same roof with Graham's Rolling 

Mill, 6 m. S. E. of Mack's Meadows (on Va. and Tenn. R. R.), 20 m. N. W. of 
Hillsville. Water blast. Refines char. pig. Hammers weigh about S cwt. Makes 
bars and blooms, the former for home market, and the latter for R. M. Formerly 
this was a bloomery forge, and little was done here before 1S26. 

234. PIERCE'S Forge.— On Cripple Creek, 1 m. W. of turnpike from Wythe- 
ville to Grayson Springs, and 11 m. W. of Graham's Forge. Bloomary. Uses 
same kind of ore as Graham's, found i m. S., 1 m. S., 3 m. E., 2 m. W., and 1 m. 
N. of forge. Deposits are scattered all over this region; 1 ton of ore yields, on an 
average, 700 lbs. bars. Home market. 

233. CHATWELL Forge.— On Cripple Creek, 1 m. above Pierce's Forge. 
Bloomary. Use same ore as Graham's from opening J m. south. Makes bars for 
neighborhood, and for Lynchburg and Salem. 

236. WILKINSON'S Forge, No. 3. — On Cripple Cr., 3 m. above Chatwell Forge. 
Bloomary. Same ore as Chatwell, from opeuing 4m. south. Makes bars for 
home market. 

237. HIGH EOCK Forge.— On Little Eeed Island Creek, 45 m. from its junction 
with New Eiver, close to Pulaski County. Bloomary. Abandoned. 

238. DAVIS'S Forge. — 7-S m. N. E. of Chatham Hill Forge. Abandoned. 

240. BAETON'S Forge. — On south fork of Holsten, in Eye Valley, 1 m. above 
Nicholses' Forge ; formerly Pierce & Barton. Eufus Williams, of Eye Valley 
P. 0., will take possession, as owner, 1 year hence (.Inly, 18.58). Bloomary. Uses 
ore (probably same as used in Cripple Cr. forges) from Mill Cr. bank (" coldshire") 
2 m. S. W. Eock ("redshire"), 1 m. S. Razor bank (" redshire"), .5 ni. N. E. 
Staley Creek (" barshire"), 1 m. N., and Barton's 4 m. N. E. Mixes "coldshire'' 
and " redshire'' ore, and makes bars for neighborhood. Note. In this part of the 
country red and cold shire is used for red and, cold short, and barshire means 
simply iron of a quality good for rolling mill uses. 

241. NICHOLSES' Forge.— On south fork of Holsten, 8} m. N. E. of Seven Mile 
Ford, 6 m. S. of Marion. Bloomary. Ore hematite, from same bank as Barton's 
forge, mainly Staley Cr. ore, 3 m.' N. Also Mountain ore, 6 m. E. Makes bars 
for neighborhood. 

242. CHATHAM HILL Forge, No. 1.— 1* m. above C. H. No. 2. Bloomary. 

243. CHATHAM HILL Forge No. 2— At Chatham Hill, on N. fork of Holsten, 
12 m. N. of Marion R. R. St., 15 m above (N. E.) Piney Clitf Forge. Ore hematite, 
same as at Piney Cliff, from openings i m. N. W. (" redshire"), 3 m. E. ("bar- 
shire," see note above to 240), 1 m. N. ('■ honey-comb"). Ores not mixed. Ore lies 
in small bodies ; one ton makes from 5-6 cwt. bars. Makes bars for neighborhood. 

244. PINEY CLIFF Forge.— On N. fork of Holsten, 9 m. S. W. of Glade Spring, 
or Salt-works Branch Junction on Va. and Tenn. E. E. Bloomary. Uses hy- 
draled peroxyde (or brown oxide) of iron from banks 2 m. south. Makes bars 
for home market. 

243 FOX CEEEK Forge.— On Fox Creek, 36 m. W. of Grayson C. H. Bloomary. 
Owned, when in operation, by Jno. H. Barton. Ore hematite from 10-12 m. south. 
Made bars for neighborhood. Abandoned since 18.54, and now in ruins. 

246. BEOWN'S Forge.— On south fork of Holsten Eiver, 35 m.* below Nicholses' 
Forge. Bloomary. Water blast. Hematite ore ("honey-comb") 4.5-48 per cent. , 
mostly from 12 m. E. " Liver" j- m. S. E. (75 per ct. ?), and a mixed honey-comb 
and liver from 3^ m. N. W. Uses but 1 of its 2 fires, which were used as ref. fires 
when Paulina Fui'. was in blast. Makes bars for home market. 

249. HOWARD'S Forge. — In New Garden, on Lewis's Creek, i m. N. of Clinch 
River, 12 m. N. N. E. of Lebanon, 25 m. N. W. of Saltville E. E. St. Bloomary. 
Water blast. Ore hematite from 1 or 2 openings 600 yds. south. Home market. 
Nothing made since 1855. 

a50. JOHNSON'S Forge.— 2)^ m. S. W. of Dickinsonville. Bloomary. Obtained 
ore from 1 m. N. of forge on land of Eobt. Fugate. Abandoned. 

251. MOCCASIN Forge. — On Moccasin Creek, 5 m. above Moccasin Gap in Clinch 
Mnt., y, m. N. of road from EstillviUe to Lebanon, l',i m. S. of Kentucky road 
fromEslillville, 7 m. S. of Fincastle road at Stony Creek. Bloomary. Water blast. 
Consumes 100 bus. good char, in making 300 lbs. bars. Ore, Big Bottom Bank, 
"redshire," open, porous, 2>^ m. N. E. 33 per ct. (and same of lead), from bank 
10 m. W. S. W. (on graded road to Jonesville) 45 per ct.* Frazer Bank, hematite, 
6 m. N. 40 per ct.* Hicks' Bank, 6 m. N. (2* m. E. of Frazer, same lead and 
same per ct. as that). McConuell Bank, 1 m. E. of Hicks', and in all some 30 
openings between the Frazer's and Hillman's banks (7 m. N. E.) with two leads; 
one brown hematite near top of Copper Ridge; the other dyestone at its southern 
base, between Copper Cr. and Clinch Eiver; also mostly former, hematite, lim. 
N. on top of Moccasin Ridge, 40 per ct.* The ore is all burnt at the bank, and the 



per ct. is reckoned after that. Has made 162 tons in its 7 years' running, some of 
it from old metal. Makes bars for home market. 

2.52. MILAM Forge.— On Martin's Creek, 1 m. below (S. E. of) Bowling Green 
Forge. Bloomary.' Water blast. Ore: dyestone from 3 m. 'W., same as that 
worked at Cumberland Gap. Makes bars for home market. 

2.53. BOWLING GEEEN Forge.-On Martin's Creek, 4 m. S. E. of EoseHill P. O., 
2 m. from Tennessee line. "'We have 2 fires at each forge (this and Milam), but 
owing to limited demand for iron, run only 1 of the 2. We could make 70-80,000 
lbs. per annum at each forge." E. M. B. Bloomary. Water blast. Ore hematite, 
honey-comb from )i m. S. (richest in the county) ; also, occasionally, dyestone 
from 2 m. W. not so rich as the former. Makes bars for home market. 

NOETH AND SOUTH CAROLINA FOEGES. 

254. UNION Forge. — On Snow Creek. Bloomary. Market at home. 

2.55. TUNNEL Forge. — On Dan Eiver, 12 miles N. of Germantown, and opposite 
Danbury, county seat of Stokes Co. Uses 1 pit of charcoal = 1,000 bush, to make 
2,000 lbs. iron ; charcoal delivered at forge costs 2>^ c. per bushel ; could be had 
cheaper ; plenty of timber in Stokes, Surrey, and Yadkin ; second growth small 
timber is said to make the best forge iron. Has a water blast and one smith's 
fire. A north and south railroad is talked of. Home market. 

257. KEYSEE'S Forge.— On the Town Fork near its head, 6 m. N. W. of Ger- 
mantown ; has not been in use for four years, but will be soon used again. 
Bloomary. Mag. ore near by. 1 Smith's forge. Home market. 

258. HILL'S Forge.— On Tom's Creek, half a mile from the post office, 38 m. N. 
W. of Salem, and 5 m. from Pilot Mnt. Bloomary. Uses 67 per cent, mag. 
ore from a neighboring shaft sunk 57 feet upon the vein, from 6 to 17 feet thick 
dipping 40° N. eastward. Here once a furnace now in ruins. 

2.59. FULK'S Forge. — On Tom's Creek. Bloomary. Abandoned. Used mag. ore. 

260. HIATT'S UPPEE Forge. — On Ararat Eiver. Bloomary. Makes bars for 
home market from magnetic ore. The LOWEE Forge is situated on Bull Run 
near Ararat River and runs but one of its two fires. Smith's shop to each. 

262. BLACKWOOD'S Forge. — On Fisher's River is a bloomary ; has water blast 
and uses neighboring mag. ore for home market. 

203. COOPER'S Forge, late RUTLEGE'S.— On Cody's .Creek near Fisher's River ; 
is a bloomary ; has a water blast and uses neighboring magnetic ore for a home 
market. 

2G4. HOBSON'S Forges No. 1. — On Forbush Cr., 5 miles east from Yadkinville, 
and No. 2 on Deep Cr., 2X miles north from Yadkinville rarely work both their 
fires at once and use neighboring magnetic ores for making bars for home con- 
sumption. 

266. FORBUSH Forge.-On Forbush Cr. ; is a bloomary ; has a water blast and 
uses mag. ores. 

267. MT. CAEMEL Forge. — On Mountain Cr., 12 m. S. E. from Newton ; bloomary; 
gets its magnetic ore from all along the south side of the creek and like the rest 
makes bars for a home market. 

268. EOUGH AND EEADY Forge.— On Mountain Creek. Bloomary; has a cold 
blast fire but only works its hot blast fire, using the same ore as Mt. Carmel Forge ; 
has 1 smith's fire. Home market. 

269. JENNY' LIND Forge. — On Maiden's Creek, 6 m. south from Newton. 
Bloomary; gets a "very rich" ore 2)^ miles south and uses hot blast; has one 
smith's fire. Home market. "^ 

270. MADISON For^e. — On Leiper's Creek. Bloomary ; used hot blast and Iron 
Bank ore until 1837, "when the fire-place was changed to work up (refine) pig. 
Little or nothing was done in 18.34, and nothing in 1833 ; one smith's fire. 

271. SPRING HILL Forge.— On Leiper's Creek. Bloomary ; uses Iron Bank ore 
and has one hot and two cold blasts ; 1 smith's forge. Makes fine bars for a home 
market. 

272. MT. TIEZA Forge.— On Leiper's Creek. Bloomary ; uses hot blast for Iron 
Bank' ore, and has 2 cold blast fires notinusefor working pig metal ; 1 smith's fire. 

273. MT. WELCOME Forge.-On Leiper's Cr., 20 miles N. W. from Charlotte and 
10 below the furnace. Bloomary ; uses but one of its two fires and one hammer. 
Gets ore from the Iron Bank, employs a hot blast, and makes bars for home 
market ; one smith's forge fire. 

274. HIGH SHOALS Forge, puddling furnace and rolling mill, Gaston Co., N. C. 

275. BEIGGS'S Iron Works. — On Crowder's Creek, 10 miles south from Dallas. 
Bloomary. Uses neighborhood ore to make blooms for the rolling mill ; smith's fire. 

27C. DIXON'S Forge.-On Knob Creek, 12 m. N. W. from Shelby, 25 m. S. W. 
from Morgantown, IS m. W. from Lincolnton on the road to Eutherfordton, N. C. 
Market south and southeast, Yorkville and Chester, S. C. Hot blast. Lost 1% 
months in 1854, 4 in 18.53, 2 in 1856. Made moulds and bars in 1S53 ; finished iron 
in 1836, moulds, bars, tyre and axle. (F. D., corr.) 

277. BUFFALO SHOALS Forge.-On Buffalo Creek 2 miles above Froneberger^s 
Fort'o. Makes wagon tyre, bar and plough moulds for home market, from Ormond's 
magnetic ore ; but the poverty and distance of the ore will cause the forge to be 
soon abandoned. 

278. FEONEBEEGEE'S Forge.-On Buffalo Creek, 4 m. N. E. from Shelby and 5 
m. N. of Muddy Creek Junction ; hauls ore from 6 miles east and makes bars for 
home market ; is a bloomary and went into operation July 1, '33. 

279 BUFFALO Forge.-On Buffalo Creek, 10 m. N. N. E. of Buffalo Iron Works, 
and 4 miles S. of Froneberger's Forge; bloomary; makes cold blast bars and 
plough moulds for a South Carolina market, out of Briggs' Yellow Eidge Bank 
grav magnetic ore from under the west side of King's Mountain. There was a 
furnace and a forge in tlie immediate vicinity before the Eevolution ; has one 
smith's fire. A trap dyke runs through the property N. E. and S. W. 

''SO BUFFALO Iron Works.— On Buffalo Creek, one mile north of the State 
line " Bloomary ; mixes 3 masnetic ores, and makes, with a hot blast bars for a 
home market. 3,600 lbs. of mixed ore, as got from the bank, yield 600 lbs. finished 
iron. This forge is well built and well arranged and the table statistics are taken 
from carefully kept books. 

281 STICE'S SHOALS Forge.-On First Broad Eiver in Cleveland Co., 3 miles 
north of the mouth and 6 miles W. of Swan's Forge. Bloomary. Works up Or- 
mond's bank magnetic oreinto bars for a home market. The ore is about 2o per. ct. 

282. TUMBLING SHOALS Forge.— On Second Broad Eiver in Eutherford Co., 
13 miles S. E. from Eutherfordton. Makes bars and plough moulds from neigh- 
boriug "red ore." 



FORGES. 



138 

AMEEICAN IRON ASSOCIATION. 



TABLE I— 



SITtJATIOS. 



OWJJEKS ; P. O. ADDRESS . LESSEES AND MANAGERS. 



WHEN 
BniLT OR 
KEBUILT. 



■269. Jenny Lind. 

270. Madison. 

271. Spring Hill. 

272. Mt. Tlrza. 

273. Mt. Welcome. 

274. High Shoals. 
273. Briggs's I. W. 

276. Dixon's. 

277. Buffalo Shoals. 

278. Froneherger. 

279. Buffalo. 
2S0. Buffalo I. "W. 

281. Stices' Shoals. 

282. Tumbling Shoals. 



11 miles N. N. E. Lincolnton. 

8 miles E. S. E. of Lincolnton. 
8>^ miles E. S. E. of Lincolnton. 

12 miles southeast of Lincolnton. 

14 miles southeast of Lincolnton. 

6 miles north of Dallas. 
6 miles S. S. W. of Dallas. 
10 miles north of Shelby. 

9 miles E. N. E. of Shelby. 
8 miles E. N. E. of Shelby. 

8 miles east of Shelby. 

10 miles S. S. E. of Shelby. 
4 miles south of Shelby. 

15 miles W. S. W. of Shelby. 



A. F. & E. J. Brevard, owners and managers. Cottage Home P. 0. 
J. F. & E. D. Johnston, own's. J. F. Johnston, M. Spring Hill F. P. 0. 

C. W. & C. J. Hammerskold, owners and man's. Spring Hill F. P. 0. 
E. A. Brevard, owner and manager. Cottage Home P. 0. 

Jos. & Wm. Johnston, owners. Jas. F. Johnston, man. Lincolnton. 

High Shoals Min. & Manufac. Co. Not used since 18.54 and in ruins. 
Beuj. F. Briggs, owner and manager. Yorkville P. 0., S. Carolina. 
Gilbert Dixon, owner and manager. 
Joshua Beam, owner and manager. Shelby P. 0. 

D. Froneherger & Co., owners. S. B. Oats, manager. Shelby P. O. 

Wm. Eoberts, owner and manager. Shelby P. 0. 
Keuben Swan, owner and manager. New House P. 0. 

E. S. E. Chambers, owners and managers. Stices' Shoals P. O. 
John W. Logan, owner and manager. Mooresboro', Cleveland Co. 



Catawba. 




18 


Lincoln. 


1827 


,18,i2 


Lincoln. 


1800,/ 


'1853 


Lincoln. 




IS 


Lincoln. 




18 


Gaston. 




18 


Gaston. 




1833 


Cleveland. 






Cleveland. 




IS 


Cleveland. 




1855 


Cleveland. 


1815, 


1856 


Cleveland. 


1850, 


1S56 


Cleveland. 


1848, 


1856 


Ecthekford 




IS 



3. SOUTH CAEOLINA. 



283. Cherokee Ford. 

284. Cherokee I. W. 



26 miles northeast of Spartanburg. 
1 mile below Cherokee Iron Works. 



Swedish Iron Man. Co. A. M. Latham, manager. Cooperville P. 0. Union District. 1840 

King's Mountain Iron Co. M.M. Montgomery, M. Cherokee I. W. P. 0. York District. 1825, 1836 



4. NORTH CAEOLINA.— WESTERN BELT. 



285. 
286. 
287. 
288. 
289. 

290. 
291. 
292. 
293. 
294. 

295. 
296. 
297. 
298. 

299. 
300. 
301. 
302. 



Helton. 

Little Elk Creek. 

Little Eiver. 

Ballou's. 

Old forge. 

Harbard's 
North Fork. 
Laurel. 

Cranberry, No. 1. 
Cranberry, No. 2. 



10 miles N. N. W. of Jefferson. 

7 miles southwest of Independence. 

14 miles S. S. E. of Independence. 
12 miles northeast of Jefferson. 
On Little Eiver. 

2 miles below Helton Forge. 
• 8 miles northwest of Jefferson. 

15 miles west of Jefferson. 
12 miles east of Jefferson. 

14 miles south of Taylor's Store. 



Toe Eiver. 4>^ miles south of Cranberry, No. 2. 

Johnson's. 6 miles south of Cranberry, No. 1. 

Lovinggood. 7 miles northwest of Murphey. 

Lower Hanging Dog. 4,}^ miles northwest of Murphey. 

Killian. J^ mile below the last. 

Fain. 5K miles N. N. W. of Murphey. 

Persimmon Creek. 12 miles W. S. W. of Murphey. 
Shoal Creek. 17 miles W. S. W. of Murphey. 



Wm. Gowing, owner and manager. Helton P. 0, Ashe. 
Jno. McMillan, owner and manager. Potato Creek P. 0. [Cr. P. 0. Ashe. 
S. H. Thompson & J. W. Alexander's heirs. J. H. Carson, guard. Glade Ashe. 

Meredith Ballon, owner. Washed off 1S32.* North Fork New Eiver. Ashe. 

Probably the first in the county ; before 1807. Aband. before 1817. Ashe. 

Probably the second. Washed away 1817.* On Helton River. Ashe. 

Built by McNabb before 1827. Abandoned 1829-32. Swept off 1840. Ashe. 

Michaels, Daniels, Worth, & Murchison built it. Abandoned 1853. Ashe. 

On Cranberry Creek. Washed away 1S45-7. Ashe. 

Twitty, Miller, Bynum & others, owners. J. C. Harden, less. & man. Wautauga. 

Wm. Buchanan, owner & man. Yellow Mountain P. 0., Yancey Co. Wautauga. 

Abram Johnson, owner and manager. Cranberry P. 0. Wautauga. 

G. W. & H. Lovinggood, owners and managers. Murphey P. 0. Cherokee. 

Joseph Hinson or others. Murphey P. 0. Cherokee. 

On Hanging Dog Creek, 300 yards up. Aband. 1849* and in ruins. Cherokee. 

Mercer Fain, owner, Murphey P. 0. Jas. Dockry & others, lessees. Cherokee. 

Walker & Stiles, owners. Persimmon Creek P. O. Cherokee. 

Spilman & Jones, owners. Laurel Valley P. 0. Cherokee. 



1829, 18.34* 

1825,* 1840* 

1827? 

1817* 

1800* 

1807* 
1825* 
1847* 
1832* 
1820, 1856 

1843* 
1841 
1845, 1853 
1840 

1S43* 
1854 

1848 
1854 



5. GEOEGIA. 



303. Sequee (Stroup's). 

304. Hodge's 

305. Mossy Creek. 

306. Camp Creek. 

307. Pool. 

308. Etowah, No. 1. 

309. Etowah, No. 2. 

310. AUatoona. 

311. Ivy Log. 

312. Hemptown. 

313. Aliculsie. 

314. Forge. 

315. Lookout. 



3 miles south of Clarksville. 
Situation unknown. 
15 miles southwest of Clarksville. 
2 miles south of Mossy Creek Furn. 
10 miles east of Cartersville. 

100 yards above Etowah Furnace. 
At Etowah Furnace. 
2)^ miles north of Allatoona. 
14* miles southwest of Murphey. 

l}i miles northwest of Morgautown. 
2Ji miles from Tennessee State line. 
10 miles south of Lafayette. 
3K miles south of Trenton. 



At Sequee Furnace. Abandoned 1837,* ruins. Habersham. 

History unknown. Abandoned very long ago. Habersham. 

Wilk. Smallwood, Polkville, Hall Co., Hor. Hinnon, Lee Co., ows. A. Habersham. 
Wilkinson Smallwood, owner. Polkville P. 0. [Cook, lessee. Hall. 

B. G. Pool, owner. Etowah P.O. Cass. 

Near Etowah Furnace. On Stamp Creek. Torn down 1841. Cass. 

Near Etowah Furnace. On Stamp Creek. Torn down 1844.* Cass. 

Near Allatoona Furnace. On Allatoona Creek. Torn down 1852. Cass. 

12 miles N. E. of Hemptown Furnace. Aband. 1847* and in ruins. Union. 

Heaton & Wilson, owners and managers. Morgantown P. 0. Fannin. 

On Aliculsie Creek. Abandoned 1848.* Murray. 

On John McWilliams's laud. Abandoned 1850.* Walker. 

Benj. Hawkins, former owner, Trenton P. 0. Aband. 1851, in ruins. Dade. 



1832* 
18 

1850* 
1832 
1830, 1852 

1838 
1841 
1846 
1839* 

1852 
1843* 
1848* 
18 



6. ALABAMA. 



316. 
317. 
318. 
319. 
320. 

321. 
322. 
323. 
324. 
325. 

326. 
327. 

.328. 
329. 

330. 
331. 
332. 



Polkville, No. 1. 15 miles W. S. W. of Jacksonville. 

Polkville, No. 2. Alongside No. 1. 

Eob Eoy. • 4 miles east of Maria Forge. 

Eagle. 2X miles above Maria Forge. 

Maria. 5 miles southeast of Talladega. 

Amerine. 16 miles southeast of Talladega. 

Chinnibe. 7 miles east of Maria Forge. 

Camp Branch. 8 miles southwest of Columbiana. 

Valley, C. 2J^ miles southwest of Montevallo. 
Lower Yellow Leaf. 23 miles southeast of Montevallo. 

Brantley's. 7 miles west of Montevallo. 

Stroup's. 15 miles northwest of Montevallo. 

Camp's. 2i.( miles east of Scottsville. 

Hill's (Lewis's). 2 miles east (above) Brantley's Forge. 

Ware & Benson. X i^iile above Camp's Forge. 

Hill's, 2. On Shoults' Cr'k, 3 m. ab. Scottsville. 

Fayette County. 2 miles northeast of Crossville. 



Goode, Morris & Co., owners. Morrisville P. 0. 
Goode, Morris & Co., owners. Morrisville P. 0. 
Wm. Curry & Co., owners. Kelly's Springs P. 0. 
Jno. J. Mitchell, owner and manager. Bowdoh P. 0. 
Riddle & Eagan, owners. Talladega P. 0. 

Richard & Wm. Amerine, owners. Bowdon P. 0. 

Walker Eeynolds, owner, Mardisville. Aband. 1833 and in ruins. 

Horace Ware, owner and manager. Columbiana P. 0. 

Horace Ware, Columbiana, & H. Butler, Montevallo P. O., owners. 

J. George & Co., owners. Montevallo P. 0. 

Jno. Brantley, owner. Montevallo (in winter Burnsville, Dallas Co.). 

Moses Stroup, owner. McMath's P. 0. 

James Camp, owner. Scottsville P. 0. 

On Little Cahawba. Abandoned 1841-2, and nearly all gone. 

On Shoults' Creek. Abandoned 1838.* Eemoved to Camp's Forge. 
James Hill, owner. [tary Springs P. 0. 

Hale & Murdock, Columbus, Lowndes Co., Miss. Wm. Lamb, M. Mili- 



Benton. 

Benton. 

Talladega. 

Talladega. 

Talladega. 

Talladega. 

Talladega. 

Shelby. 

Shelby. 

Shelby. 

Bibb. 
Bibb. 
Bibb. 
Bibb. 

Bibb. 
BreB. 

Fayette. 



1843, 1857 

1843 

1833 

1846,* 1852* 

1842 

1857 

1851 

1851, 1853 

1823, '35, '54 

1857 

1840, 1853 
1837* 
1840 
1830* 

1830— '5 
1840? 
1854 



7. EAST TENNESSEE.— EAST OF THE EAILROAD. 



3.33. Ward, No. 1. 
334. Ward, No. 2. 
333. Warden's. 

336. Wagner's. 

337. Ward's. 



7 miles north of Taylorsville. 
300 yards below the Ward, No. 1. 
^ mile below the Ward, No. 2. 
3}i miles southeast of Taylorsville. 
6 miles south of Taylorsville. 



John Ward, owner and manager. Ward's Forge P. 0. Johnson. 

John Ward, owner and manager. Ward's Forge P. O. Johnson. 

John J. Warden, owner. Taylorsville P. 0. Wholly aband. 1830. .Johnson. 
Mrs. Marg. Wagner, Shown's X Roads, own. Jno. M. Hockaday, less. Johnson. 
T. Ward & J. Wagner, jr , ons. Shown's X Rds. Stout & Merely, less. Johnson. 



18 

1849* 
1809—10 
1793? 
1831 



Continhed on pp. 142, 143. 



139 



CONTINUED. 



OFFICE 141 S. EIGHTH ST., PHILADELPHIA. 



May 1, 1858. 



NOMBER OF FIKE3. 



3 K B (^ Pj w w 



coNsniiPTiox 1856. 



Kind 

of 
power. 





PEODUCTIOJT. 






1854. 


185S. 


1856. 


Kind 

of 

manufacture. 


Wks. 


Wks. 


Wks. 


Bl's. Bars. 


Bl's. Bars. Bl's 


Bars. 




. . 37* 40 . . 37* 40 
Not in operation. 
. . 120* 50 . . 100* 50 
. . 60* 38 . . 60* 38 
.. 40* 22 .. 33* IS 


37* 40 
15* 18 
100* 50 
60* 38 
20* 18 


Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 


Abandoned 
260* . . 40 


ttrenty years and in ruins. 
260* .. 40 260* .. 40 


Blooms. 


. . 25* 26 . . 25* 26 
Not in operation. . . 55* 25 


. 2.5* 26 
110* 48 


Plougli moulds. 
Bars. 


. . 35* 26 
.. 12? 26? 
. . 12* 26 
? ? 


. . 35* 26 
Not in operation. 

.. 12* 26 
Not in operation. 


35* 26 
92 40 
12* 26 
. 35? 38? 


Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Plough moulds 



269. Jenny Lind 

270. Madison 

271. Spring Hill 

272. Mt. Tirza 

273. Mt. Welcome 

274. High Shoals 

275. Briggs's I. W. 

276. Dixon's 

277. Buffalo Shoals 

278. Froneherger 

279. Buffalo 

280. Buffalo I. W. 

281. Stice's Shoals 

282. Tumbling Shoals 



Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 

Water 
Water 



110* 

45* 

250* 

180* 

60« 



700* 



85* 
330* 

Water 115* 

Water 600* 

Water 100* 

Water 100* 



285. Helton 2 

286. Little Elk Creek ^i 

287. Little Eiver '1 

288. Ballou's ., 

289. Old forge 

290. Harbard's 

291. North Fork 

292. Laurel 

293. Cranberry, No. 1 

294. Cranberry, No. 2 2 

295. Toe Eiver 2 

296. Johnson's n 

297. Lovinggood 2 

298. Lower Hang'g Dog 2 

299. KiUian 

300. Fain 2 

301. Persimmon Creek 2 

302. Shoal Creek 1 



Water 
■Water 
Water 



Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 



Water 
Water 
Water 



3. SOUTH CAROLINA. 






260 632 


260 642 


260 807 




283. Cherokee Ford 4 1 .. 1 

284. Cherokee L W. 3 2 2 


Water 
Water 


720* 

1,300* 


. .. ^88* .. 48 
. .. 410* .. 48 


288* . . 48 
400* . . 44 


240* . . 40 
400* . . 44 


Blooms. 
Blooms. 


4. NORTH CAROLINA.— WESTERN BELT. 






698 


688 


640 





6? 17? 

.. 15? 44? 

17? 39? 

Washed away. 

Abandoned. 

Washed away. 
Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 
Washed away. 



10? 39? 
14?13? 
IS? 39? 



15? 39? 


Bars. 


4i*26* 


Bars. 


10? 26? 


Bars. 



10* 26* 

2y« 5* 

.. 13* 26* 

4* 22* 

Abandoned. 

. . 23* 46* 

. . 37i*30* 

X 2? 



7* 15* 

2-* 5* 

13* 26* 

2*13* 

24* 48* 
45* 35* 



8 17* 

4* 9« 
1-J* .3* 
13* 26* 
4*22* 



24* 48* 
31* 26* 



Bars, 

Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 



5. GEORGIA. 



128 



123 



115 



303. Sequee (Stroup's) 

304. Hodge's 

305. Mossy Creek 1 

306. Camp Creek 1 

307. Pool 



308. Etowah, No. 1 

309. Etowah, No. 2 

310. AUatoona 

311. Ivy Log 



312. Hemptown 

313. Aliculsie 

314. Forge 

315. Lookout 



Water 
Water 
Water 



Water 



Abandoned. 

Abandoned. 

7.' 13? 

.. 15? 39? 

390? . . 39* 

Torn down. 
Torn down. 
Torn down. 
Abandoned. 

. . 20* 35* 
Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 



140? 



20? 30? 
12* 33* 
.. 14* 



.. 21? 26? Bars. 
1*11* Bars. 
Oat of repair. Blooms. 



IS* 26* Bars. 



6. ALABAMA. 



390 42 



140 47 



316. Polkville, No. 1 

317. Polkville, No. 2 

318. Rob Roy 

319. Eagle 

320. Maria 



330. Ware & Benson 

331. Hill's, 2 

332. Fayette County 



321. Amerine 2 

322. Chinnibe 

323. Camp Branch 

324. Valley, C ^ 

325. Lower Yellow L'f. . . 



326. Brantley's 

327. Stroup's 

328. Camp's 

329. Hill's (Lewis's) 



Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 



60? 



1 Water 

1 Water 



1 Water 

1 Water 

1 Water 



1 Water 

1 Water 



. . 22? 
.. 54? 22? 
.. 20? 39? 

10* 39? 

29i 39* 

Not built. 
Abandoned 
40? . . 9? 
? 17? 
Not built. 

.. 50? 40? 

.. 15? 13? 

16? 26? 

Abandoned 

Abandoned 
2i* 4* 



60? . . 22? 
.. 54? 227 

8? 26? 

9* .39? 
.. 35 39* 

Not built, 
and in ruins. 
40? . . 9? 
? 17? 
Not built. 

.. 2.5? 26* 
.. 15*13* 
.. 16* 26« 
and in ruins. 

about twenty 
5* 8* 
.. 10? 17? 



60? . . 22? 
.. 54? 22? 
.. 20? 30? 
2i 11? 
.. 14* 26* 

Not built. 

Not running. 
. . ia 13? 
Not built. 



Blooms. 

Bars. 

Bars. 

Bars. 

Bars. 



Blooms. 
Bars. 



40? 40? Bars. 

15* 13* Bars. 

9* 19* Bars. 



years ago. 

3* 4* Bars. 
15* 22* Bars. 



7. EAST TENNESSEE.— EAST OF THE RAILROAD. 



100 197 



100 177 



60 192 



333. Ward, No. 1 

334. Ward, No. 2 
3.35. Warden's 

336. Wagner's 

337. Ward's 



1 Water 

1 Water 



Water 
Water 



50? 35? .. 50? 35? 

.. 50? 35? .. 50? 35? 

Washed away, abandoned. 
9? 13? .. 3.1? 9? 

20? 39? .. 20? 39? 



Torn down. Bars. 

50? 35? Bars. 



20? 39? 



Bars. 
Bars. 



CONTINDED ON PP. 142, 143. 



140 



283. CHEROKEE FORD Forge.— On Broad River, in S. Car., 24 m. N. N. W. 
from Yorkville ; makes blooms for the r. m. out of magnetic ore from the vicinity, 
and has one puddling furnace attached and i smitli's shops. 

284. CHEROKEE IRON WORKS Forge.— On Broad River; makes blooms for the 
rolling mill and some plough moulds, from magnetic ore. Uses hot blast and 2 
refining fires in place of puddling furnaces ; one shingle and one drawing hammer. 
Fiscal year from July to July. All the iron is shipped down the river to the 
rolling mill. Three tons ore required for one ton blooms. 

28.5. HELTON Forge. — On Helton Creek, 3 m. above junction of Helton and 
North Fork of New River ; bloomary ; water blast ; makes bars for home market 
from fine hematite ore from an opening IJ^ m. in straight line — 4 m. round by the 
road east from forge. 

286. LITTLE ELK CREEK Forge.— On Little Elk Creek, 23 N. E. from Jefi'erson, 
1 m. from Virginia line; bloomary; water blast; makes bars for home market 
from hematite ore from Piney Cr. bank S m. N. W., and Bre.sh Creek bank 6 m. N. E. 

287. LITTLE RIVER Forge.— On Little River, 10* m. ab. mouth and 7* m. from 
Virginia line ; bloomary; water blast; makes bars for home market from hema- 
tite ore obtained 3 miles south. 

288. BALLOU'S Forge — Bloomary with 2 fires and 1 hammer. Abandoned. 

291. NORTH FORK Forge.— On North Fork of New River. Bloomary with 2 
fires and 1 hammer. Abandoned. 

292. LAUREL Forge. — On Laurel Creek, '^ mile off road between Taylorsville, 
Tenn., and Jefferson. Bloomary with 2 fires and 1 hammer. Abandoned. 

293. CRANBERRY Forge, No. 1.— A bloomery with 2 fires and! hammer. Aban. 

294. CRANBERRY Forge, No. 2.— On Cranberry Cr. (a branch of Elk Cr.), 42 m. 
N. from Marion, 21 J^ miles S. W. of Boone, 26 m. E. S. E. of Elizabethtou. 
Bloomary ; water blast ; makes bars, from magnetic ore, for a home market ; ore 
"very superior," 80 per ct. from bank 1 m. south ; also 60 per cent, ore from jaank 
1}4 m. south. In 18.52 made 17,242 lbs. in tiS mos. In 1853 made 12,895 lbs. in 3 m. 

295. TOE RIVER Forge.— On headwaters of Toe River directly across Ridge 
from Cranberry Forge ; bloomary ; water blast ; makes bars for home market from 
same ore as Cranberry. 

296. JOHNSON'S Forge.— On Toe River, 3 miles above (east) Toe River Forge ; 
bloomary ; water blast ; had 2 fires 8 years ago ; makes bars for home market from 
magnetic ore 1>^ m. N. Used formerly ore from Cranberry bank. During 10 
years previous to the last 6 years, 30-35,000 lbs. were made per annum. 

297. LOVINGGOOD Forge.— On Hanging Dog Creek, 2 m. (3 by road) above 
(N. W.) Fain Forge. Makes bars for home market from "lump" ore (30 per ct.) 
obtained 12 m. S. E. by road. 

298. LOWER HANGING DOG Forge.— On Hanging Dog Creek ; bloomary with 
water blast ; makes bars for home market from hematite ores from 3^ m. S. E., 
and from Bank No. IV, 4J^ m. S. E. This forge is claimed by D. F. Ramsaur. 

299. KILLIAN Forge.— K mile below Hinson's Forge and 3)i m. N. W. of 
Murphy. Bloomary with 2 fires and used ore from No. IV Bank, but is now aband. 

300. FAIN Forge (or OWL CREEK Forge).— On Owl Creek, 50 yds. from its 
mouth into Hanging Dog Creek and 2 miles below (S. S. W.) Lovinggood Forge; 
bloomary : water blast ; makes bar for home market from ore from Bank No. IV 
5 m. S. E., Colvard's bank 10 m. B., McKinney bank 1 m. W. of Colvard's. Ore 
worked with great ease and yields, astakendirectlyfroin bank, an average of 35 p. c. 

301. PERSIMMON CREEK Forge.— On Persimmon Creek, 16 m. E. of Ducktown, 
which is 40 m. from Cleveland on the R. R. Bloomary with water blast; makes 
bars for home market from red ore obtained on Notley River 7 m. E. from Kilpat- 
rick bank 5 m. E. The last yields an average of 33 per cent. ; the former 25 per ct. 

302. SHOAL CREEK Forge.— On Shoal Creek, 5 m. W. of Persimmon Cr. Forge 
and 11 m. E. of Ducktown ; bloomary, water blast ; uses ore from Kilpatrick bank 
16 m. E. Built in 1854, made X ton of bars, and has laid idle ever since. 

GEORGIA FORGES. 

305. MOSSY CREEK Forge.— On Mossy Creek, IS m. N. E. of Gainesville, and 
60* m. N. of Athens R. R. St. Bloomary; water blast; makes bars for home 
market from hematite ore 8 m. S. E. Mag. ore is supposed to exist in the neigh- 
borhood. It has another blast, never used. 

306. CAMP CREEK Forge.— On Camp Creek, bloomary; water blast; makes 
bars for home market from hematite ore, same as that used by Mossy Creek Forge. 
In 1852 made about 8,000 lbs. in 3 mos. ; in 1853 same as 1854. 

307. POOL Forge.— On Stamp Creek, close by Pool Furnace and 8 m. N. of 
Etowah Fur. Makes blooms mostly, for Etowah Rolling mill. Wood burnt in 
puddling fur. Has 2 knobling fires. Idle since 1855 ; wants a new forebay. 

311. IVY LOG Forge. — On Ivy Log Creek ; bloomary with 2 fires and 1 ham- 
mer. Abandoned. 

312. HEMPTOWN Forge.— On Hempton Creek, 14 m. S. E. of Ducktown, 20 m. 
S. W. of Murphy. Bloomary; makes bars for home market from "liver" ore 
(33 per cent, average) 4)^ m. S. W. In 1853 made about same as in 1854 and in 
1852 made about 25,000 in about 5 mos. 

314. OLD Forge. — On Armuchy Creek ; bloomary with 2 fires and 1 hammer. 

315. LOOKOUT Forge.— On Lookout Creek. 

ALABAMA FORGES. 

316. POLKVILLE Forge No. 1.— On Cane Creek, at Polkville Fur., 6 m. E. of 
Coosa River opposite the Ten Islands. Bloomary ; water blast ; makes blooms for 
No. 2. Has 1 shingling hammer. 

317. POLKVILLE Forge No. 2.— Alongside No. 1. Has a Catalan hammer and 
makes bars from puddle blooms from No. 1. These two forges run only in winter 
as there is not enough water in summer for all the works. 

318. ROB ROY Forge.— On Talladega Cr., 1 m, E. of Eagle Forge, 10 m. S. E. of 
Talladega and 60* miles N. of Wetumpka. Bloomary with tub blast ; makes bars 
for home market from hematite ores obtained from Sea bank 6 m., by road, north ; 
formerly from Hooker bank ("coldshire") 2J^ m. S. W. In 1855 the forge was run 
for 6 mos. by Dr. Moore of Texas and Geo. M. Riddle of Carrolton, Cambria Co., Pa. 

,319. EAGLE Forge. — On Talladega Creek; bloomary with water blast; makes 
bars for home market from hematite ore from Sea bank 9 m. N. 

320. MARIA Forge.— On Talladega Creek, 2^^ m. N. W. (below) Eagle Forge. 
Address J. C. Riddle, Talladega, for any further information. Bloomary with tub 
blast. Has 1 refinery fire, hot blast, but has not been used since 185.3. Hammer 
weighs 7-800 cwt. ; makes bars for home market from Sea bank ore 33>J' per cent. ; 



formerly used from Hooker bank (coldshort) 2^^ m. S., and from Stockden bank 
m. N. very rich, but coldshort and "steel plug." In the last 3 mos. of 1853 made 
25,203 lbs. In 1849 made, in about 8 mos., 116,.5051bs. InlS48, in9 mos., 120,580 lbs. 

321. AMERINE Forge.— On Talladega Creek, 31 m. W. of Wedowee, on road 
between latter place and Talladega ; bloomary ; water blast ; will make bars for 
home market from hematite " rock ore" from Sea bank or from a new bank 2 m. 
S. Expect to go into operation before Christmas 1857. 

322. CHINNIBE Forge.— On Chinnibe Creek, 9 m. S. E. of Talladega. Had one 
bloomary fire and 1 hammer, and used Sea bank and Brown's bank hematite ores. 

323. CAMP BRANCH Forge.— On Camp Branch, 3 m. W. of Shelby Fur. Was 
a refining forge previous to 1853 and had 1 fire. Bituminous coal, from the Ala. 
Coal Co.'s lands, was used in puddling fur. It made only blooms for Valley Forge, 
as an experiment. 

|C|=FoK Sale. — This and Valley Forge with its tract of 170 acres and 140 
acres coal land near it, and Shelby Furnace with its tract of nearly 6,000 acres, 
containing a rich deposit of ore, are for sale. For terms and other particulars 
see notes to Furnace Table H., No. 254, p. 116. 

324. VALLEY Forge C— On Shoal Creek, 300 yds. from Ala. Coal Co.'s R. R., K 
m. from Ala. and Tenn. R. R. R., and 21 m. W. S. W. of Columbiana. The fires 
were used as bloomaries from 1835-53; as refineries in 1853, and as chafery in 
1854-5 and 6. Has water blast and makes bars for home market from hematite 
ore 5 m. S. (20-25 per cent.). In 1856 hammered the blooms puddled at Camp 
Branch forge to test quality of iron and of stone coal used. The iron proved to be 
uncommonly fine. 

323. BRANTLEY'S Forge.— On Little Cahawba River, 15 m. N. E. of Centreville, 
5 m. N. of Centreville Station. Originally built by Jon. Ware. Bloomary ; water 
blast ; and makes bars for home market from hematite ore in neighborhood. In 
1854 ran 3 fires. In 18.54 ran 1 fire 3 months-and 2 fires about same time and 3 fires 
during 1 week when one of them averaged 339 lbs. per diem and each of the others 
275 lbs. In 1856 ran one fire 4 mos. ; 2 fires 6 mos. ; seldom 3 fires and probably 
never the 4 fires. 

327. STROUP'S Forge.— In Township 20, Range V, east of Huntsville, Section 
33, 35 m. E. of Tuscaloosa, and 14 m. N. E. of Hill's Forge. Bloomary, making 
bars for home market from hematite ores, brown and fibrous, averaging 39 per ct., 
from neighborhood. Made in 1857, up to Oct. 1, 60,394 lbs. in 110 days. Cahawba 
coal field crops out 1>^ m. to the south, and that of the Black Warrior 6* m. N. 

328. CAMP'S Forge.— On Shoults's Creek, Township 24, Range IX east. Section 
37, 32 m. E. of Tuscaloosa, and 5 m. S. E. (below) Hill's Forge. Makes bars from 
hematite ore J4 m. S., }^ m. E. Six years ago used fibrous and brown hem., from 
near James Green's, 15 m. N. 

329. HILL'S (WEISINGER'S) (LEWIS'S) Forge. 

.331. HILL'S Forge No. 2. — Bloomary forge built before Camp's and uses hema- 
tite ore from Green Pond bank and from b"ank near Squire Green's ; makes bars 
for home market, and has water blast. 

3.32. FAYETTE COUNTY Forge.— On Wilson's Creek, 25 m. N. N. E. of Colum- 
bus, Miss., 26 m. W. of Fayetteville and 65 m. N. W. of Tuscaloosa. Bloomary 
with water blast, making bars, for neighborhood, from 25 per ct. hematite ore 
3^ m. east. 

EAST TENNESSEE FORGES. 

333. WARD Forge, No. 1.-300 yards above Ward No. 2, on same stream. Torn 
down in 1856 to give place to a saw mill. 

334. WARD Forge, No. 2.— On the Laurel Fork of Holsten River, 21 miles S. E. 
from Abingdon, 4 m. from Virginia line and 3 from N. C. line. Bloomary with 
water blast ; making bars for neighborhood from " honey comb" ore 3 m. south, 
yielding, as worked here, about 25 per cent. 

335. WARDEN'S Forge.— Bloomary on Laurel Fork of Holsten River. Aban- 
doned and a saw mill occupies its site. 

336. WAGNER'S Forge.— On Roane's Creek, 3 m. above Ward's Forge; hema- 
tite ore from near Shewn's X Roads is worked up, with water blast, into bars for 
home market. There are some 20 abandoned banks in the vicinity. 

.337. WARD'S Forge. — On Roane's Creek; bloomary : water blast ; bars sold in 
neighborhood ; ore hem. from banks 14 m. N. E., 2 m. E., and 1>^ m. N. E. 

338. SAND HILL Forge. — On Roane's Creek l>^m. above Sand Spring Forge ; 
bloomary ; water blast ; hematite ore from Little Mnt. 2>^ m. N. Forge averages 
1500 lbs. in a full week's running. Home market. 

339. SAND SPRING Forge.— On Roane's Creek, 7 miles S. of Shewn's X Roads ; 
bloomary; water blast; makes bars, for home market, from hematite ore from 
Little Mnt. (a spur of Doe Mnt.) i]4 m. E. and from Big Mnt. 6 m. E. 

341. DUGGER'S Forge. — On Watauga River, 4 m. ab. mouth of Roane's Creek, 
7 m. S. of Sand Spring Forge, and 23 m. E. of Elizabethtou. Bloomary ; water 
blast; makes bars for home market from hematite ore (honeycomb) from open- 
ings noi-theastward from forge and from all along sides of Dry Run Mnt. Ore from 
one of the banks (6 m. N. E.) makes soft iron suitable for guns ; the others are richer. 

342. MURPHEY'S UPPER Forge.— On Little Doe Creek, 25 m. from and on the 
road to Eliza.bethton. Bloomary with water blast; makes bars for neighborhood 
from hematite "lump" ore from Doe Mnt. 6 miles east. 

343. MURPHEY'S LOWER Forge.— On Little Doe Creek, 1 m. S. W. of Upper 
Forge ; bloomary ; water blast ; makes bars for same market and uses same ore 
as the upper forge. (These forges rent for $500 per annum.) 

344. HOWARD'S UPPER Forge. — On same stream and road as Murphey's 
forges and 22 m. from Elizabethtou; bloomary; water blast; make bars from 
" lump" ore from 9 m. E. Home market. 

345. HOWARD'S LOWER Forge.— One mile below the Upper forge; bloomary 
with water blast; use "lump" ore from openings all round works and make bars 
for neighborhood. 

346. BLEVIN'S Forge.— On Beaver Dam Creek, 1 m. below (N.) King's Forge 
and 18 m. S. E. of Abingdon, Va. ; bloomary ; water blast ; makes bars for home 
market from hematite ore, same used as at King's. 

347. KING'S Forge.— On Beaver Dam Creek, 25 m. N. E. of Elizabethtou, 13 m. 
E. H. E. of Stone Dam Forge and 22 m. E. S. E. of Bristol; bloomary; water blast; 
makes bars for home from honey comb ore 3 m, N. W. 

34S. STONE DAM Forge.— On Stony Creek, 14 mile above Speedwell Forge ; 
bloomary; water blast; makes bars; home market; ore hematite from Hodge 
Bank (fine) II4 m. E., Julius Bank (fine and lump) 1 m. N., new Bank (lump) 1}^ 
m. S. E., Taylor's Bank 3X m. S. W. Yields 33* per cent, of bar iron in the 
bloomary. 



E^" FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE MEMBERS. 

141 



310. SPEEDWELL Forge.— On Stony Creek, 3J^ m. above Union Fur.; bloom- 
ary; water blast ; bars for home ; ore, 1^^ m. E. 

3,50. UPPER CARTER Forge.— At Union Farn., on Stony Creek. Abandoned. 
Had originally 2 ref. and 1 chafery fire with water blast but in lS.5i changed to 2 
hot blast bloomary fires but was abandoned same year there being not enough 
water for both it and the furnace. 

331. LOWER CARTER Forge.— On Stony Creek, 1)^ m. below Union Furnace : 
refinery with water blast ; makes bars for neighborhood from charcoal pig. 2 
bloomary hot blast fires changed in 1854 to present fires. Had a chafery 6 or 7 
years ago. 

3.52. FARM HALL Forge. — On Stony Creek ; bloomary with water blast ; makes 
bars, from neighboring hematite ores, which are sent sometimes 400 miles down 
river and often to Alabama, 

353. PURLIEU Forge. — On Doe River ; bloomary ; wafer blast; makes bars for 
neighborhood, from hematite ("coldshort" and "redshort") ores from openings 
S. and E. from forge. JCJ= This forge is for sale. 

354. ELIZABETHTON Forge.— On Doe River, 6 m. S. E. of Carter Station and 18 
m. E. N. E. of Jonesborough ; formerly a bloomary, but changed to a refinery. 
Makes bars from charcoal pig for home and Alabama markets. 

355. REEVES'S Forge.— On Watauga River at Reeves's Rolling Mill. 

356. HAMPTON'S Forge.— On Doe River, 1% m. S. of road from Cranberry Forge 
to Elizabethton and 7 m. W. of former; bloomary; water blast ; makes bars for 
home market from magnetic ore (SO per cent, by State Geologist's Report) found 
all round neighborhood. 

357. WHITE'S Forge.— In Greasy Cove at White's Furnace, 

358. RIVER BEND Forge, No. 1.— On South Fork of HolstonRiver, li^ m. below 
Welcker's Furnace and 6 m. S. S. W. of Paperville. Originally had 4 fires. Makes 
anconies for No. 2 forge from charcoal pig. No. 2, works up anconies into bars 
for home market. Idle in 1857 and part of '56 on account of not enough water. 
The products of both forges are united on the Table. 

360. WATERLOO Forge.— On Beaver Creek, 3 m. S. W. of Paperville; bloomary 
with water blast ; makes bars for home market from Sharp's Bank hematite ore. 
Has been idle since 1855. 

361. BEAVER CREEK (UPPER) Forge.— On Beaver Creek 3 m. below Waterloo 
Forge; bloomary; makes bars from hematite ore from Sharp's Bank 10 m. E. 
Crocket's Bank, 10 m. E. , belongs to this property. 

362. BEAVER CREEK (LOWER) Forge.— 1 m. below Upper. Abandoned in 
1855. Both forges and property to be sold at auction on the 15th September 1S57. 

361. CHEROKEE Forge.— On Cherokee Creek, 3 m. N. of the Pleasant Valley 
Iron Works. Makes bars from Cherokee Creek hematite ore for home market. 
The fire is used sometimes (wholly in 1856) for refining cinder from the Pleasant 
Valley Iron Works. 

365. PINE GROVE Forge.— On Nolichucky River, U}^ m. below (W.) the Plea- 
sant Valley Iron Works ; bloomary with water blast, and makes bars for neigh- 
borhood from Green Ridge Bank hem. ore. Abandoned. 

367. CLICK'S Forge.— On Middle Creek, 3 m. N. of Mountain Forge, 1>^ m. above 
Alexander's and 8 m. S. of Pine Grove; bloomary; water blast; uses hematite 
ore, mixed, from Cove Creek and Green Eidge Banks and makes bars for home 
market. 

368. ALEXANDER'S Forge. On Middle Creek; bloomary; uses ore, hematite, 
from same Banks as Click's Forge. Makes bars for home market. Has water 
blast. 

369. MOUNTAIN Forge.— On Watery Fork of Camp Creek, 4 m. S. E. of Snapp's 
Forge ; bloomary ; water blast ; makes bars for home market ; hematite ore from 
Cove Creek (10 m. S. W.) and Green Eidge (IJ^ m. N. E.) banks. Uses 2 fires 
before 1833. 

370. CAMP CREEK Forge.— On Camp Creek 1}^ m. above (E.) Snapp's Forge, 5 
m. N. W. of Mountain Forge and 22 m. S. W. of Jonesborough. Probably the 
oldest forge in the State. Bloomary with water blast ; made bars in lS36'from 
hematite ores. Cove Creek Bank 33* per cent,. Green Eidge Bank 23* per cent., 
Cavendish Bank 25* per cent.; mixes the first two, or all thl-ee. 

371. SNAPP'S Forge.— On Camp Creek, 6 m. E. of Greenville and 23 m. S. W. 
-of Jonesborough ; bloomary ; water blast ; makes bars for home marketfrom Cove 

Creek and Green Ridge hematite ore Banks; mixes =3 former with >3 latter. 

372. PAINT CREEK Forge.— On Paint Creek, 3 m. S. E. of road from Jones- 
borough to warm Springs, N. C, 35 m. from former. Bloomary ; water blast ; 
makes bars for home market. Uses hem. ore from Cove Creek Bank. Uriah 
Matthews (Limestone Springs P. 0.) comes into possession 1st September 1S57. 

373. KELLY'S Forge. — 2 m. below Paint Creek Forge; bloomary, 2 fires and 1 
hammer. 

374. ALLEN'S Forge. — On Paint Creek ; bloomary, 2 fires and 1 hammer. 

375. CANADA'S Forge.— On Cove Creek, 11 miles E. of Bright Hope Furnace. 
Bloomary with 2 fires and 1 hammer. Abandoned. 

376. BROWN'S Forge.— On Nolichucky River, 3 m. W. of Bright Hope Furnace. 
Bloomary with 2 fires and 1 hammer. Abandoned. 

377. ERPES'S Forge.— On Causby Creek; bloomary with 2 fires and 1 hammer. 
Abandoned. 

380. PIGEON Forge.— On West Fork of Little Pigeon Elver: bloomary; water 
blast ; makes bars for neighborhood, from hematite ore banks to the N. N. E. and 
S. W. of forge. 

381. LOVE'S Forge.— On Little East Fork of Little Pigeon Eiver: refinery. 

382. AMERINE Forge.— On Hess's Creek, in Miller's Cove, 27 m. S. W. of Pigeon 
Forge. Bloomary ; water blast ; makes bars for home market ; ores hematite from 
Font's Bank (hard) 4 m. west. In 1857 has made about 12 tons; no more can be 
made this year. 

383. SHIELD'S Forge.— On Little Eiver, in Tuckaleeche Cove. Abandoned. 
No good ore in the neighborhood. 

384. ABEAM'S CEEEK Forge (FOUT'S LOWER).— On Abram's Creek. Bloom- 
ary with 2-3 fires. Abandoned. Used 50 per cent, ore from 4* m. north. 

- 385. CADE'S COVE Forge (FOUT'S UPPEE).— Bloomary with 2 fires. Aban- 
doned. Used ore from 1 m. N. E. 

386. TELLICO Forge.— On Tellico River at upper end of Tellico Plains, 10 m. 
S. W. of Ball Play Furnace, 12 m. E. of Madisonville, 30 m. N. of Ducktown and 
22 m. S. E. of Athens Eailroad Station. Refinery ; water blast; works up char. 



pig into bars for home market ; this forge was repaired in 1846, and from March 
1, 1851 to March 1, 1836 was run by Welsh, Harris & Co. of Bellefoute, Pa.; has 1 
run out fire not used ; has 1 knobling or shingle and 1 chafery hammer. 1857 made 
some from wrought iron scrap. 

387. COOKE'S Forge, — On Connesaugua Creek, 3 m. from Monroe County, and 
13 m. S W. of Tellico Furnace. Bloomary ; water blast ; uses dyestone (fossil) 
ore from bank 5 m. N. W.; makes bars for home market. 

388. OVEETON'S Forge.— On Mulberry Creek, 5 m. from Virginia line and 6 m. 
S of Milam Forge. Uses dyestone ore from Eidge a short distance to the north. 
Bars made in 1857. 

389. BELLEVILLE Forge.— On Indian Creek at B&lleville Furnace. Bloomary 
and refinery with water blast; has water enough to run only 9 months in the 
year. Makes bars for home market ; ore dyestone (soft) from openings extending 
over a distance of 8 miles east and west. 

390. LITTLE BARREN Forge.— 11 m. W. of Tazewell, 12 m. E. S. E. of Tecum 
Station, 20 m. E. of Centreville Forge. Bloomary ; water blast ; ore, dyestone, 
mostly from 5 m. S. near Howsley's Ford ; makes bars for home and Kentucky 
markets. ' 

391. CENTREVILLE Forge.— On Davis's Creek, 5 m E. of Fincastle and 23 m.* 
S. E. of Cumberland Gap. Bloomary ; water power ; makes bars from dyestone 
ores N. N. W. and W. of forge ; formerly sent to Kentucky, now to the neigh- 
borhood. 

392. SPEEDWELL Forge.— 8 m. S. W. of Tocum Station. Bloomary and re- 
finery. Abandoned. 

393. BAKER Forge.— On Cedar Creek, 9 m. N. W. of Ley's X Roads and 6 m. 
E. of Richardson's Forge. Next oldest bloomary forge in the county ; water 
blast ; makes bars, for a home market, from dyestone ore, 25 per cent., Williams' 
Bank, 6 m. N. W. 

294. RICHARDSON'S Forge.— On Big Creek, 2 m. S. S. W. of Sharp's Forge. 
Bloomary ; water blast ; makes bar iron for home market ; uses dyestone ore 23 >f 
per cent., from bank 1}^ m. N. W. 

395. SHARP'S Forge. — On Big Creek ; no iron has yet been made in this bloom- 
ary forge (7 Nov. 1857) but expects to make bars for a home market from dyestone 
ore found all along mountain near forge. 

396. QUEENER Forge.— On Cove Creek, 6 m. S. S. W. of Richardson's and 2 m. 
W. N. W. of Lindsay Forges. Bloomary with water blast ; makes bars for home 
and Kentucky markets ; uses dyestone ore from bank belonging to forge 4 miles 
north ; plenty of ore in vicinity. 

397. LINDSAY Forge.— On Cove Creek, 14* m. W. of Miller's Furn. Bloomary ; 
water blast; ore, dyestone from same bank as Queener's ; makes bars for home 
market. In 1852-3 made same as in 1854 ; made less in 1851. 

398. ENGLAND'S Forge (McKamy's).— On the Brushey Fork of Poplar Creek, 
Bloomary ; 2 fires, 1 hammer. Abandoned. 

402. EAGLE Forge, No. 1. — On White's Creek. Built as an experiment in 1848 ; 
made 120* tons blooms ; and abandoned in 1850. Had 1 puddling furnace, and 1 
bloomary fire. 

403. GORDON Forge.— On White's Creek, 1 m. S. E of Turnpike Forge, and 2 
m. N. of Eagle Furnace and Forge. Bloomary ; water blast ; makes bars for home 
market ; ore, dyestone, from openings on Gordon's Bank, up and down foo^kjf 
Warland's Ridge. In 1853 made about 7 tons in 8 months with 1 fire. In 1854r-5 
ran mostly only 1 fire. In 1856, 2 fires. 

404. EAGLE Forge, No. 2.-2 m. S. of Gordon's Forge, li m. N. of Tennessee 
Eiver, at mouth of White's Creek. Bloomary ; water blast ; makes bars for home 
market from dyestone ore from Jackson's Ferry Bank, 4 ra. E. In spring of 1857 
made about 6000 lbs. iron. 

.405. TURNPIKE Forge. — On Turnpike Creek, 100 yards above junction with 
White's Creek, and 3 m. N. N. W. of Eagle Furnace and Forge. Bloomary ; water 
blast; makes bars for home market from Gordon's dyestone banks, 3 m. north; 
ore yields 23* per cent. One bus. charcoal makes 2 lbs. av. of iron. 

406. MONTGOMERY'S Forge.— On White's Creek, on Gordon's turnpike, in 
gap in Warland's Ridge, at the base of which latter are 20 or more dyestone ore 
openings which supply the forge ; makes bars for home market. 

407. KIMBROUGH'S Forge.— On Turnpike Creek, 13 m. W. of Kingston, 22 m. 
E. of Crossville, and 25 m. N. of Washington. Bloomary, running 2 fires for per- 
haps 3 months in the year ; water blast ; sells most of its bars 60-70 m. to the 
westward ; uses dyestone ore from several openings quite near the works ; ore 
from J m. S. yields, by analysis, 60 per cent., and if carefully worked yields 1000 
to 2240 in the bloomary. 

408. UPPER PINEY Forge.— On Piney Creek, IJ m. above (N. W.) Lower Piney, 
14 m. N. of Washington, and 15 m. W. of Sweetwater R. R. station. Had 3 bloom- 
ary fires from 1848 to '62, and will add 1 fire before 1858 to its present one. Makes 
bars for home market; uses dyestone ore from Waterhouse's Bank, IJ miles N. 
(av. in bloomary 600 to 2240). Halloway's Bank, 1 m. N. N. W. (same qualiiy). 
There are some 50 openings in Shin Bone Eidge, between the forge and 3 m. N. of it. 

409. LOWER PINEY Forge. — On Piney Creek. Bloomary ; water blast ; makes 
bars for home market from Waterhouse's dyestone ore bank, 2 m. N. W., and from 
3 or 4 other openings close by. In 1854 used hot blast and 3 fires ; since then 2. 

411. FARMER'S Forge.— On Sue Creek. Bloomary, with 2 hot blast fires and 1 
hammer ; used dyestone ore from i mile west ; and now abandoned. 

(B. S. L. and J. L. Jan.) 

FORGES IN NEW YORK. 

412. WEST FORT ANN Forge, No. 1.— On branch of Wood Creek, 5 miles west 
of Fort Ann village. Ores, magnetic, from Moriah and from vicinity. Wakes 
anchors for New York ; mill cranks and plate sleigh shoes for home market. 

413. WEST FORT ANN Forge, No. 2.— Owned by Omer W. Owen, }i mile above 
No. 1, on same stream. Ore, same as for No. 1. Makes anchors for New York, 
and mill cranks for home markets. This forge is to be enlarged in spring of 1858, 
and will have 2 fires. 

414. PENFIELD'S Forge, in Irondale, on Putt's Creek, Smiles east of Hammond's 
furnace. Ore, magnetic, from "Penfield's" bed, 4>i miles west. Makes blooms. 
Has two cupola furnaces, which turn out about 40 tons per annum of castings for 
the forge and saw mills ; ore used from Hammond's furnace. Cast iron fire places, 
with movable tuyere-plates, over which, encased in a brick stack, are the hot blast 
pipes. At present (Sept. 1857), stopped for repairs. 

415. SCHROON RIVER Forge. — On west branch of Schroou Eiver, at its inter- 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 

United States in and for the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylvania. 



FORGES. 



142 

AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION, 



TABLE I— 



SITUATIOX. 



OWNERS ; P. O. ADDRESS ; LESSEES AND MANAGERS. 



WHEN 
BUILT OR 
REBUILT. 



338. Saudhill. 

339. Sand Spring. 

340. Old Forge. 
3-tl. Bugger's. 

342. Murphey's, U. 

343. Murphey's, L. 

344. Howard's, U. 
34.5. Howard's, L. 

346. Blevin's. 

347. King's. 

345. Stonedara. 
349. Speedwell. 
3.50. Upper Carter. 

351. Lower Carter. 

352. Farm Hall. 

353. Parliea. 
.S54. EUzabethton. 

355. Reeve's. 

356. Hampton's. 

357. White's. 

358. River Bend, No. 1. 
.359. River Bend, No. 2. 

360. Waterloo. 

361. Beaver Creek. 

362. Beaver Creek, L. 

363. Old Forge. 

364. Cherokee. 

365. Pinegrove. 
.366. Aikens's. 

367. Click's. 

368. Alexander's. 

369. Mountain. 

370. Camp Creek. 

371. Snapp's. 

372. Paint Creek. 

373. Kelly's. 

374. Allen's. 

375. Canada's. 

376. Brown's. 

377. Erpes's. 

378. Mossy Creek. 

379. Dumpling. 

380. Pigeon. 

351. Love's. 

352. Amerine. 

383. Shield's. 

384. Abram's Creek. 

385. Cade's Cove. 

386. Tellico. 

387. Cooke's. 



A. B. Slimp, owner and manager. Baker's Gap P. 0. Johnson. 

C. K. Gillespie & wife (Califor. & Joneshoro). J. J. Jones, M. Baker's Johnson. 
Abandoned 1835 and now quite gone. [Gap P. Johnson. 

J. &W. Bugger, Cable's Valley P. 0., ons. J. F. Dngger, half lessee. Johnson. 
Abm. Murphy, Pandora P. 0., owner. Chas. Barry, lessee and man. Johnson. 

Abm. Murphy, Pandora P. O., owner. Benj. Treadway, lessee. Johnson. 

Howard & Son, Pandora P. 0., owners and managers. Johnson. 

Sam. Howard, Pandora P. 0., owner. Godfrey D. Heaton, half lessee. Johnson. 
J. Thomas's heirs &Rutledge King, ons. JesseCole, jr., M. Shady P.O. Johnson. 
Jas. King, sen., owner. Jesse Cole, jr., manager. Shady P. O. Johnson. 



S miles south of Taylorsville. 
9 miles south of Taylorsville. 
}i{ mile above Sand Spring Forge. 
16 miles south of Taylorsville. 
S miles southwest of Taylorsville. 

9 miles southwest of Taylorsville. 

11 miles southwest of Taylorsville. 

12 miles southwest of Taylorsville. 
9 miles northwest of Taylorsville. 
8 miles northwest of Taylorsville. 

12 miles northeast of Elizabethton. 
11?^ miles northeast of Elizabethton. 
8 miles E. N. E. of Elizabethton. 
63^ miles northeast of Elizabetliton. 

4 miles northeast of Elizabethton. 

3 miles east of Elizabethton. 
At the east end of Elizabethton. 

1 mile below Elizabethton. 
19 miles east of Elizabethton. 
18 miles southwest of Elizabethton. 

15 miles northeast of Elizabethton. 
Adjoining River Bend, No. 1. 

2 miles southwest of Bristol. 

5 miles southwest of Bristol. 

6 miles southwest of Bristol. 

Junction Beaver Creek and South Fork Holston River. Abandoned 1832* and now all gone. 

6 miles south of Jonesboro. Isaac Williams, Cox's Store, owner. OrviU Nelson, lessee. 

15 miles southwest of Jonesboro. James Mauk, owner and manager. Broylesville. 

6-7 miles south of Jonesboro. On Limestone Creek. Abandoned 1817* and now all gone. 

8 miles east of Greenville. Geo. Click, owner and manager. Camp Creek P. 0. 

] % miles below Click's. 

2>^ miles south of Click's. 

6X miles southeast of Greenville. 

\ii miles below Camp Creek. 

12 miles south of Greenville. 



John M. Smith, owner and manager. Elizabethton P. O. 

Wm. Stover & Robert Cass, owners. Elizabethton P. 0. 

David W. Carter & Co., Elizabethton. Aband. 1854, now in ruins. 

David W. Carter & Co., Elizabethton. 

John Nave, jr., owner and manager. Elizabetbton P. 0. 

J. K. Snapp's heirs & others. Jon. Leslie, agent. Elizabethton P. 0. 
David W. Carter & Co., Elizabethton. 

James J. Tipton, owner, Elizabethton. Aband. in spring of 18.52. 
Law. & Ham. Hampton, exec'rs.. Doe River Cove. Jenkins & Pierce, 
Abandoned 1842-7. [less. & mans. 

Joseph Meredith, River Bend, own. O'Brien, Crumley & Godsey, less. 

Joseph Meredith, River Bend P. 0., owner. 

Mrs. Cyrus King, owner. Bristol P. O. 

Wm. & Robt. Deery, exec'rs. Adam & Benj. Shipley, less. Bristol. 

Wm. & Robt. Deery, exec'rs. Adam & Benj. Shipley, less. Bristol. 



16 miles south of Click's Forge. 

4 miles above Kelly's Forge. 
13* miles west of Click's Forge. 
21 miles west of Click's Forge. 

13 miles south of Newport. 

10 miles north of Dandridge. 

5 miles west of Dandridge. 
6}^ miles south of Sevierville. 
16-17 miles east of Sevierville. 
10 miles S. S. E. of Marysville. 

6 miles east of Amerine Forge. 

6 miles south of Amerine Forge. 
10 miles south of Amerine Forge. 
200 yards E. of Tellico Furnace. 

14 miles southeast of Athens. 



G. Alexander's heirs. Step. Jane, adm'r. Wyatt & Jane, less. CampCr. 
James Jennings, owner and manager. Camp Creek P. 0. 
Balis Jones, Fannin, J. & T. Kennedy, Waddle, & others, less. Camp. 
J. P. k A. E. Snapp, owners & mans. Camp Creek P. 0. [Cr. P. 0. 
Montgomery Stuart, owner and manager. Limestone Springs P. 0. 

Daniel H. Kelly, Limestone Springs. Aband. 1838 and now in ruins. 

Abandoned 1832* and now quite gone. 

Washed away 1847-49. 

Abandoned 1827-9, and now in ruins. 

Owned by Mr. Harper. Abandoned 1849* and now all gone. 

Abandoned 1810.* 

Abandoned 1810.? 

John Trotter, owner and manager. Pigeon Forge P. 0. 

Built by Wm. & James Love. Abandoned 1852.* 

Geo. Amerine, owner and manager. Marysville or Tuckaleechee. 



Carter. 
Carter. 
Carter. 
Carter. 
Carter. 

Carter. 
Carter. 
Carter. 
Carter. 
Carter. 

StILLIVAN. 

Sullivan. 

SnLLIVAN. 

sollitan. 
Sullivan. 

Sullivan. 

Washington. 

Washinoton. 

Washington. 

Greene. 

Greene. 
Greene. 
Greene. 
Greene. 
Greene. 

Greene. 
Greene. 
Greene. 
Greene. 
Cocke. 

Jefferson. 

Jefferson. 

Sevier. 

Sevier. 

Blount. 



Washed away and but little of the ruins remaining. Blount. 

Davis Font, owner. Abandoned 1852-3, now nearly gone. Blount. 

Davis Fout, Cade's Cove, owner. Abandoned 1847*, now nearly gone. Blount. 
Tellico Manu. Co., Elisha Johnson, president & man. Tellico Plains. Monroe. 
Daniel Thompson, owner and manager. Connesaugua P. 0. McMinn. 



18.51 
1836, 1845 
1817* 
1807* 
1852 

1812 
1815,* 1849 
1827,* 18.51 
1817,? 1837? 

1821* 

1851 . 
1806* 
1820,* 1841 
1810,* 1845 
ISll, 183S 

1830? 

1797,* 1830 

1839—40 

1847 

1807—17 

1840 

1849 

1830? 

1800? 

1800? 

18 

1845* 

1837* 

IS 

1837 

1835* 

TS37, 1853 
1797,? 1856 
1836* 
1851* 

1846 
1827* 

1841-42 
1827* 

1837—39 

1795—96 
1795—96? 
1820* 
18.37 
1845 

1843 
1827? 
1827? 
1825,? 1837 
1823, 1843 



8. EAST TENNESSEE.— WEST OF THE RAILROAD. 



388. Overton's. 

389. Belleville. 

390. Little Barren. 

391. Centreville. 

392. Speedwell. 

393. Baker. 

394. Richardson's. 

395. Sharp's. 

396. Queener. 

397. Lindsay. 

398. England's. 
.399. Butler's. 

400. Cobb's. 

401. Emory's. 

402. Eagle, No. 1. 

403. Gordon. 
401. Eagle, No. 2. 
405. Turnpike. 
4(i6. Montgomery's. 

407. Kimbrough's. 

408. Upper Piney. 

409. Lower Piney. 

410. Richland. 

411. Farmer's 



16 miles east of Belleville Forge. 
5 miles east of Cumberland Gap. 
22 miles south of Cumberland Gap. 
15 miles E. N. E. of Jacksborough. 

3 miles west of Centreville Forge. 

10}^ miles E. N. E of Jacksborough. 

4 miles northeast of Jacksborough. 

5 miles northeast of Jacksborough. 
2 miles south of Jacksborough. 

2 miles E. S. E. of Queener Furnace. 



Taylor Overton, owner. Woodson's P. 0. 

Reuben Rose, Tazewell, & Geo. W. Rose, Cumberland Gap. 

Wm. Kincade's heirs. I. Thomas, adm'r. Old Town. Mrs. S. Kincade, 

Elisha McNew, own. Well Sjiring P. 0. [less. Big Barren, Union Co. 

Built 40—45 years ago. Abandoned 25* years ago. 

John Comer & David Johnson. Fincastle P. 0. 
Wm. Richardson, ov/ner. Jacksborough P. 0. 
Laban Sharp, owner. Jacksborough P. O. 
David Sharp, owner. Jacksborough P. O. 
J. S. Lindsay & Squire Hunter. Jacksborough P. O. 



Lower end of Anderson Co. Abandoned 8 — 10 years ago. 

On Poplar Creek, Anderson Co. Abandoned 20 years ago. 

6 miles N. W. of Campbell's Station. At mouth of Beaver Creek. Arch. Cobb. Abandoned 18.52-3. 

At junction of Emory River & Poplar Abandoned 1846. 

350 yards south of Eagle, No. 2. Abandoned 1850. Replaced by gi-ist and saw mill. 



15 miles southwest of Kingston. 

On White's Creek, at Eagle Furnace. 

16 miles southwest of Kiugston. 
18 miles southwest of Kingston. 
13 miles west of Kingston. 



Geo. W. Short, Eagle Furnace. 

E. Teun. I. Man. Co., R. Cravens, agt., Chattanooga. S. Hardbarger, M. 
Alex. Robbs, owner. Eagle Furnace P. O. [Eagle Furnace. 

Alex. Montgomery, owner. Eagle Furnace. Robt. Thompson, man. 
Jos. Kimbrough, Belleville P. O. Robt. Kimbrough, manager. 



10 miles southwest of Eagle Furnace. H. P. Caldwell, Rhea Springs P. 0. Wm. Fullington, manager. 

IJ^ miles southeast (below) U. Piney. E. E. Wassou, Rhea Springs. Wm. T. Lowry, lessee. 

On Piney Creek. Abandoned 1852, now in ruins. 

3 miles north of Decatur. Claimed by Col. M. Johnson, Tellico Plains, & by others. Aband. 1852-3, in ruins. 



Hancock. 

Claiborne. 

Claiborne. 

Campbell. 

Campbell. 

Campbell. 
Campbell. 
Campbell. 
Campbell. 
Campbell. 

Anderson. 

Anderson. 

Knox. 

Roane. 

Roane. 

Roane. 
Roane. 
Roane. 
Roane. 
Roane. 

Rhea. 
Rhea. 
Rhea. 
Meigs. 



1841,* 1856* 
18 

1853* 

1827* 

1812*— 17* 

1817* 
1827—28 
1857 
1835* 
1833* 

1832* 
1825* 
18 
1817—27 
1848 

1822, 1834'* 

1855 
1847—48 
1838,* 1848 
1S32,* 1845* 

1848 
1849* 
-1847* 
1843* 



Continued on pp. 146, 147. 



CONTINUED. 



143 



OFFICE 141 S. EIGHTH ST., PHILADELPHIA. 



May 1, 1858. 



NDMBER OP FIRES. 



CONSUMPTION 18J6. 



PEODtJCTION. 



^ 60 



5 -9 a 

S oj rt 

(I4 til s 



Kind 

of 

power. 



1854. 



1855. 



185G. 



Wks. 



Wks. 



Kind 

of 

manufacture. 



Bl's. Bars. 



Bl's. Bars. 



Bl's. Bars. 



.338. Sandliill 

339. Sand Spring 

340. Old Forge 

341. Dagger's 

3i2. Murphey's, U. 

343. Murphey's, L. 

344. Howard's, U. 

345. Howard's, L. 
316. Bleviu's. 
347. King's 

31:8. Stonedam 

349. Speedwell 

350. Upper Carter 

351. Lower Carter 

352. Farm Hall 

3.J3. Purlieu 

354. Elizabethton 

355. Reeves's 
3.56. Hampton's 
357. White's 

3.58. Iliver Bend, No. 1 

359 River Bend, No. 2 

360. Waterloo 

361. Beaver Creek 
332. Beaver Creek, L. 

363. Old Forge 

364. Cherokee 

365. Pinegrove 

366. Aikens's 

367. Click's 

368. Alexander's 

369. Mountain 

370. Camp Creek 

371. Suapp's 

372. Paint Creek 

.373. Kelly's 

374. Allen's 

375. Canada's 

376. Brown's 

377. Erpes's 

378. Mossy Creek 

379. Dumplius 

380. Pigeon 

381. Love's 

382. Amerine 

353. Shield's 

384. Abram's Creek 

385. Cade's Cove 

386. Tellico 

387. Cooke's 



Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 

Water 



Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 

Water 
Water 

Water 

Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 



Water 
Water 



Water 
Water 



35? 35? 

37? 22? 

Abandoned 

2? 8? 

40? 39? 

50? 39? 

2.5? 26? 

6*17* 

15* 20* 

55? 52 
40? 52 
40* 40* 
40* 40? 
40? 39? 

12? 26? 

125* 30* 

Abandoned 

. . 26^*39? 

Abandoned 



. . 175* 


42* 


.. 18? 


39? 


. . 18? 


39? 


.. IS? 


39? 


Abandon 


ed 


6? 


39? 


4i 


9? 


Abandon 


ed 


.. 20? 


46? 


5? 


26? 


7? 


17? 


'. '. .35? 


.39? 


7* 


2* 



Abandoned 

Abandoned 

Washed 

Abandoned 

Abandoned 

Abandoned 
Abandoned 

4* 13? 
Abandoned 
.. 15? 17? 

A few ruins 
Abandoned 
Abandoned. 
.. 225? 43? 
. . 13* 22? 



35? 35? 

37? 22? 

twenty years 

2i?18? 

40? 39? 

.50? 39? 
20? 35? 
20? 20? 
7* 17* 
15* 20* 

55? 52 
40? 52 
Abandoned. 
40* 17* 
40? 39? 

12? 26? 
100* 26* 
seven years 
. . 2.0* 39? 
fifteen or 

150* 42* 

IS? ,39? 
IS? 39* 
IS? 39? 

twenty-five 
6? 39? 
2? 4? 

twenty years 
20? 46? 



7? 17? 



26? 26? 
3* 9* 

five years 
twenty-five 
away ten 
thirty 
ten 

forty-five 

forty-five 

2? 6? 
about six 
.. 15? 17? 

only now 
six years 

.. 225? 43? 
.. 10? 17? 



.. 35? 35? 
.. 25? 13? 
ago — gone. 

2i?13? 
.. 40? 39? 

.. 60? .39? 

3* IS? 
.. 20? 20? 

7* 17* 
.. 15*20* 

.. 55? 52 
.. 40? 62 
in ruiua. 

9* 4* 
.. 40? 39? 

.. 12? 26? 
. . 100* 26* 
last spring. 
. . 20* 30* 
twenty yrs. 



Out of blast. 
.. 18? 39* 
Abandoned. 

years — gone. 
6? 39? 
In ruins, 
all gone. 
.. 17? 46? 

6? 26? 
1? 2? 

.. 17? 17? 

.. 25? 17? 

7*26* 

now in ruins, 
years ago. 
years ago. 
years ago. 
years ago. 

years ago. 
years ago. 

2? 6? 
years ago. 
.. 15? 17? 

remain, 
ago— gone. 

.. 175? 4.3? 
.. 10? 17? 



Bars. 
Bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 

Bax's. 



125* 42* Bars. 



Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 

Bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 



Bars. 
Bars. 



Bars. 
Bars. 



8. EAST TENNESSEE.— WEST OF THE RAILROAD. 



100 197 



100 177 



60 192 



3S8. Overton's 

389. Belleville 

390. Little Barren 

391. Centreville 

392. Speedwell 

493. Baker 

394. Richardson's 

395. Sharp's 

396. Queener 

397. Lindsay 

398. England's 
.399. Butler's 

400. Cobb's 

401. Emory's 

402. Eagle, No. 1 

403. Gordon 

404. Eagle, No. 2 

405. Turnpike 

406. Montgomery's 

407. Kimbrough's 

408. Upper Piney 

409. Lower Piney 

410. Richland 

411. Farmer's 



Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 



Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 
Water 



1 Water 

1 Water 

1 Water 

1 Water 

1 Water 

1 Water 

1 Water 



12i?22? 
Abandoned 

S? 13? 
. . 16 17? 

". '. ii* 13* 
.. 20? 22? 

Abandoned 
Abandoned 
Abandoned 
Abandoned 
Abandoned 

10* 35* 



10? 26? 
15? 22? 
8*24* 

10? 22? 

10* 17* 
Abandoned 
Abandoned 



.. 25? 39? 

? ? 
.'.' 16? 26? 
twenty-five 

6? 1.3? 
. . 16i 17? 

.' .' 17* 17* 
.. 20? 20? 

eight or tea 
twenty 
five or six 
twelve 
eight 

.. 121*3.5* 
i 1* 
. . 10* 26* 
.. 15? 22? 
. . 10^ 30 

10? 22? 
6J*17* 
six years 
six years 



30i 



39* 
? ? 
6? 12? 
years ago. 

8? 13? 
.. 19* 17* 

.'." 22*24* 
.. 20? 20? 

years ago. 
years ago. 
years ago. 
years ago. 
years ago. 

161*35* 
7*17* 
8*19* 

IS* 22* 
Si 30* 

10* 22* 
fii*17* 
ago. 
ago. 



Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars, 
Bars. 
Bars. 



Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 
Bars. 

Bars. 
Bars. 



Continued on pp. 146, 147. 



U4 



section with main stream and State road. Ore, magnetic (35 per cent ), from N. E. 
corner of township, 7 miles distant. 4 tons mineral give 1 ton iron. Separated 
ore costs at forge $5.25. Charcoal costs $0.05. Makes hlooms and bars for Troy, 
and sends also some to Pittsburg for steel. The forge was finished in July 1S57. 
Two more fires will be added in fall of 1S57. Has cast iron fire places, and uses 
hot blast. 

416. NORTH HUDSON Forge (Iron Works). — On west bank of Schroon Eiver 
and on State road, 5 miles south of Dead Water Forge. Hot blast. 

417. DEAD WATER Forge (Iron Works). — On east bank of stream and on State 
road, 9 miles north of Root's Tavern, Hot blast. 

418. NOBLE'S Forge. — At outlet of Black Pond, and 3 miles southeast of New 
Russia Forge. Hot blast. Ore, magnetic, 3^^ from "Sandford" bed and }4 from 
"Haasz" bed, 4 miles S. W. of forge, 4V^ south of Russia Forge. 3 tons nTineral 
ore give 2 of separated ore and 1 of blooms. Makes blooms for Troy and New 
York. Forge repaired in 1856. 

419. NEW RUSSIA Forge.— On Boquet River and on State road, 12 miles S. of 
W. of Westport. Hot blast. Ore, magnetic, J^ from the "Barton" bed in Moriah, 
and )i from bed 2 miles west. Charcoal costs 6 c. bush. Makes blooms and boiler 
slabs for Troy and New York. Has made this year up to date (Sept. '67) 170* tons 
in 13* weeks. Repaired in 1856. 

420. ELIZABETHTOWN Forge (Iron Works).— On Boquet Eiver, a-t north end 
of Elizabethtown village. Hot blast. 

421. WESTPORT Forge.— On Boquet River, 4 miles north of Westport and 2 
miles east of Wadham's Mills. Hot blast. Ore, magnetic, from Moriah. Makes 
blooms. 

422. WHALLONSBURG Forge.— In Whallonsburg, on Boquet River, 4 miles 
southwest of Essex. Hot blast. 

423. WILDER'S Forge. — On north branch of Boquet River and on State road, 4 
miles north of Elizabethtown. Hot blast. Ore, magnetic, from " American Iron 
Company's" beds in Moriah. Charcoal costs, delivered, $5. .50 per 100 bus. Makes 
blooms for Philadelphia and New York markets. Made this year up to date (Sept. 
1857) 300* tons in 26* weeks. 

424. MERRIAM'S Forge. — On north branch Boquet River and 2 miles east of 
State road. Hot blast. Ore, magnetic, from " Amer. Iron Company's beds in 
Moriah. Makes blooms for New York and Philadelphia markets. Charcoal made 
on the spot costs $4.50 per 100 bus. Washed ore delivered at forge costs $7 the ton, 
2 tons of which produce 1 ton blooms. Made this year up to date (Sept. 1857) 
400* tons in 26* weeks. 

425. WILLSBOROUGH Forge.— In Willsborough, on Boquet River, 2 miles west 
of Lake. Ore, magnetic, from "Barton" bed in Moriah, 3 tons of which produce 

2 tons washed or 1 ton blooms. Made blooms formerly for Boquet R. M., but now 
fiend to southern markets. Charcoal costs i\^ to 6X cts. per bus. Has cast iron 
fire places. This forge was rebuilt in 1838,* 1S40, 1850. Made anchors from 1800 
to 1812. 

426. HIGHLAND Forge.— On Howard Brook, at outlet of Warm Pond, 1 mile 
west of Lake. Hot blast. Ore, magnetic, from " Golf's" bed in Moriah. Makes 
blooms for southern markets. 

428. PUEMORT'S Forge.— On south branch Au-Sable River, in village of Jay. 
Hot blast. Ore, magnetic, from "Arnold's" bed in Au-Sable township ; 4 tons of 
mineral produce 2 washed or 1 of blooms. Charcoal, mixed hard and soft, costs 
$5J4 to $6. Makes blooms for Keesville E. M. This forge was totally destroyed 
in the freshet of October, 1 8.56 ; now rebuilding; will commence work again in 
October, 1857. 

Two forges, small, and doing but little, situated above "Pnrmort's," on same 
stream, were also destroyed by the freshet. Will not be rebuilt. 

429. AU-SABLE Forge.— On south bank of west branch Au-Sable Eiver, and 12 
miles west of Keesville. This and the two following named forges, owned by J. 
& J. Eogers, use hot blast. Use magnetic ore from " Palmer's" bed, 2 miles from 
Au-Sable Forks village, in Blk. Brook township. (4 tons mineral produce 2 tons 
separated or 1 ton blooms.) Make blooms for Au-Sable R. M. (Blooms are re- 
heated in forge fires and then reheated in rolling-mill furnaces.) Charcoal, mixed 
hard and soft, costs $6.25 ; "318 bushels of which are required for 1 ton iron." 

430. UPPER BLACK BROOK Forge.— On east bank of Black Brook, in village 
of same name, 4 miles northwest of Au-Sahle rolling-mill. Hot blast. 

431. LOWER BLACK BROOK Forge.— On Black Brook, in village of same name, 
a short distance below Upper Forge. Hot blast. 

432. NEW SWEDEN Forge.— On north bank of Au-Sable Eiver, 2 miles west of 
Clintonville. Hot blast. Ore, magnetic, from "Jackson's" and "Nelson's" beds, 

3 miles distant. Made bars and blooms for Worcester and Boston markets. The 
capacity of this forge before its suspension in 1853 was 400 tons blooms per annum, 
using 750 tons of ore. Its south end was taken away, and the works otherwise 
damaged by the great freshet of Oct. 1856, but the roof is on and stacks standing. 

The property is for sale upon reasonable terms. " It has the best and safest 
water-power in the Au-Sable valley." 

A FORGE, erected in 1844 by Philip T. Brewster, stood nearly opposite the New 
Sweden works. It was run by various parties till 1853, then laid idle till the great 
freshet of 1856 removed every vestige of the works. Last occupants were Messrs. 
Brockway and Brigham. Used water-power. Had 2 fires, hot blast, 1 hammer, 
and used ore from "Arnold" and "Nelson" beds. Made about 200 tons iron in 
1852, and very little in 1853. 

433. UPPER AND LOWER CLINTONVILLE Forges.— Both in village of Clin- 
tonville, on north bank of Au-Sable River, 6 miles west of Keesville. Hot blast. 

435. COOK'S Forge.— In village of Cooksockie, on Little Sable Eiver, has done 
nothing for over two years ; had 4 fires, but two are in ruin.s. Last worked by 
the Messrs. Kingsland, of Keesville ; "will not probably run again." 

436. HONSINGER'S Forge.— On south bank of Salmon Eiver, in Peaseville, Peru 
township. Hot blast. Ore, magnetic, from "Tremble's" bed, on Saranac Eiver. 
Makes blooms for E. M. at Keesville. Eepaired in 1856 after freshet of Oct. 1. 

437. UPPER NOEEISVILLE Forge.— A few rods above Norrisville Forge, on 
same bank of river. Is a new forge, owned by A. Norris, and ia now (Sept. 1857) 
nearly completed. 

An old disused forge, which occupied this site, was destroyed by thefreshet of 1856. 
An old forge stood 40 rods above the last mentioned ; laid idle 2 years before the 
freshet of 1856. A saw-mill now occupies its site. 

438. NORRISVILLE Forge.— On north bank of Salmon River, 2^ miles west of 
Schuyler's Falls village. Hot blast. Ore, magnetic, from " Goff's" and "Amer. 
Company's" beds in Moriah. Charcoal, mixed hard and soft, costs $5.00. Uses 
300 bushels hard coal to make 1 ton blooms. Repaired 1856, after freshet of Oct. 



439. MERCHANT'S Forge.- Leased by.Elisha Hare, from Aug. 1857 to Aug. 1858. 
On south bank Salmon Eiver, 9 miles southwest Plattsburg. Hot blast. Ore, 
magnetic. Makes blooms for southern markets and Keesville R. M. Has made 
this year up to date (Sept. 1857) 213* tons in 24* weeks. 

440. MYEE'S Forge. — On west bank of south branch Saranac River, at Forks. 
Hot blast. Ore, magnetic, from vein directly in front of forge ; 5 tons of this " lean 
but good ore" produced 2)^ separated or 1 ton iron. Charcoal costs, delivered, 
5 c. bus., use 300 bushels to the ton iron. Makes small smooth blooms for Easton, 
Pa. ; wire works, and merchant bars, car axles, and most other kinds of hammered 
shapes for eastern markets. One of the hammers is for axles in connection with 
steam heating furnaces. 

441. RUSSIA Forges, Nos. 1 and 2. — Together, on south bank of Saranac River, 
1 mile W. of Saranac and 18 miles W. of Plattsburg. Hot blast. Ore, magnetic, 
from "Tremble's" bed, 3 miles S. W. and opposite Redford. Makes blooms for 
Easton wire and tack works. Up to 1856 used only 2 fires, but this year (1857) has 
taken the other two formerly owned by Jackson, Morgan & Co., and will run all 
four. Will also mix " Amer. Company's" ore with "'Tremble's." 

443. PLATT'S Forge. — In Saranac village, on north bank of river, 1 mile east 
of Russia No. 2. Hot blast. Ores, magnetic, from "Tremble's," "Amer. Com- 
pany's," "Sherman's," and "Goff's" beds. 2 tons of these ores washed and 
mixed produce 1 ton blooms. Makes blooms and boiler slabs for Boston, N. York, 
Philadelphia and Pittsburg markets. Charcoal costs 5 cts., and 300 bushels make 
1 ton metal. Stopped at present for repairs. 

444. ELSINORE Forge. — On north bank of Saranac River, 1 mile west of Cady- 
ville. Hot blast. Ore, magnetic, from "Amer. Company's" and "Sherman" beds. 
Charcoal costs 6 to 6 cts. 334 bushels required for 1 ton metal. Makes blooms - 
for southern and western markets. 

445. DANEMORA Forge. — Within enclosure of State prison pickets, in village 
of Danemora. Hot blast. Ore, magnetic 50 per cent, from mine within enclosure. 
Charcoal costs 5 cts. Blooms made under management of Mr. Fairbanks, by con- 
victs, for Keesville R. M. Steam for blowing apparatus obtained from forge fires, 
the 12 fires being under 4 stacks. The water pumped from the mine, stamps and 
washes the ore, and is thence conveyed to the boilers. 

446. STONE Forge. — On south bank of Saranac River, below Cadyville. Ore, 
magnetic, from State prison mine. Charcoal costs 4 cts. Made axle blooms for 
Boston market. Stopped in July 18.55 ; will probably resume in 1858. 

447. WESTON Forge.' — In town of Plattsburg, on the Saranac River, near its 
mouth. Ore, magnetic, from Moriah ore beds, in Essex Co. Charcoal costs 4 to 6 
cts. Makes >^ blooms and bars for south, east, and west markets— some little for 
home. 4000--4480 lbs. good separated ore makes 1 gross ton blooms. Forge bought 
by present owner in May 1848. (J. L. Jun.) 

SAINT LAWRENCE DISTRICT. 

448. BEASHEE Forge. — On Deer River, in Brasher Iron Works village, near 
furnace. Cold blast. Uses a lean bog ore, yielding 15-25 per cent, when washed, 
from a spot in Bombay town, Franklin Co., 6 miles distant from forge. Mixes 
eight-ninths bog and one-ninth scrap iron, and makes merchant bars for home 
market. Forge burnt in May 1857, but is now rebuilding, and will commence 
again in October 1857. 

449. BRASHER CENTRE Forge.— On St. Regis Eiver, 6 miles from Northern R. 
R. and 5 miles from Brasher Falls P. 0. Ore, bog, from vicinity of forge. Makes 
merchant bars for home market. 5 tons washed bog ore produces 1 ton iron. 

452. FULLERVILLE Forge. — Alongside of furnace. Uses about equal quanti- 
ties of pig metal and scrap iron, and makes merchant bars for home market. 200 
bushels charcoal used for every ton iron made. 

454. STERLINGVILLE Forge.— On Black Creek, below furnace, in village of 
Sterlingville. Cold blast. Works up scrap and. pig into heavy draught iron and 
merchant bars for home market. 175 bushels charcoal to the ton iron. 

455. JEFFERSON Forge.— On east bank of Black River, in village of Carthage. 
Cold blast. Works up K pig metal and }^ scrap iron into blooms for rolling-mill, 
and merchant bars for home market. 2600 lbs. of this mixed material and 145 
bushels charcoal give 1 nett ton iron. (J. L. Jun.) 

WEST PENNSYLVANIA FORGES. 

456. FELSON'S Forge.— On the south side of Castlemann's Eiver, Milford Town- 
ship, on the line of the Turkey Foot turnpike, 8 miles above the T. Foot, was 
going about 35 years ago. It hauled its pig metal across the Allegheny Mountains 
from Bedford County. Mr. Felson lived in Berlin, Pennsylvania, and spent $40,000 
in these works. 

457. SCOTT'S Forge.— On Laurel Hill Creek, Jefferson Township, l}i miles be- 
low Bakersville, on the Cumberland and Pittsburg Plank Eoad, also hauled its 
metal from Bedford. 

458. FAIRCHANCE Forge.— Is attached to the Furnace and EoUing Mill. Mr. 
Oliphant has made iron here for 20 years and his father for forty years before him. 
Mr. Oliphant first made coke iron in Western Pennsylvania. 

OHIO FOEGES. 

These like those in W. Pennsylvania are all abandoned, the Rolling Mills 
making their own blooms. 

460. SAMPLE'S Forge. — On Sample's landing on the Ohio bloomed for McNi- 
chol's Mill at Covington opposite Cincinnati, because charcoal was cheaiier here. 

KENTUCKY FOEGES. 

466. FULTON Forge.— On the south bank of the Ohio, made Bellefonte furnace 
pig metal into blooms for the old mill at Cincinnati. 

467. ENTERPRISE Forge. — Was an important iron works in its day. 
471. WARD'S Forge. ^ — Worked up Pactolus Furnace iron. 

There is an old Hopewell forge spoken of in Greenup County but no information 
was obtained about it. 

473. RED RIVER Forge and rolling mill on Red Eiver at the extreme north 
point of Estill Co. 15 miles S. E. of Winchester and 38 miles from Lexington, was 
built by Thos. Dye Owings and is the only forge known to be running in eastern 
Kentucky. (See Boiling Mill Notes No. 203.) 

475. ELIZABETH Forge.— Works for Crittenden Furnace, No. 552. 

476. UNION Forge. — On the right bank of the Cumberland Eiver, 3 miles from 
Suwannee Furnace, was originally built by Mr. Cobb and used 2 run out but now 



145 



only the 8 kuoWing fires, driven by two engiues one of which works horizontally 
between two long parallel boilers heated on the outer side by the knobling fires, 
four to each ; the other engine driyes the hammer in the opposite corner of the 
forge house which is 70 feet square (see plan). Makes blooms for Cincinnati and 
Pittsburg from furnace pig. 3300 lbs. of gray pig or 2S00 lbs. of refined pig, make 
2464 lbs. of bloom iron. {J. L. Jun.) 

477. TENiMESSEE Iron Works Forge.— On the right bank of the Cumberland 
Eiver, is connected with the rolling mill, (see plan of both,) No. 206 Table J. It 
was built by Hillman, Vanleer & Co., and taken by the present owners in lSSr>, 
Has two large engines and a doctor ; of the nine boilers one is a cornish boiler SO 
feet long heated by eight knobling fires along each of its two sides, with a stack 
150 feet high at the end. Makes blooms for the EoUing Mill, using 3200 lbs. of 
pig to 2464 of bloom. (J. L. Jun.) 

TENNESSEE FORGES. 

478. RANDOLPH Forge.— Connected with Dover Furnace No. 2 (K. 575) and the 
Cumberland Iron Works (J. 207) by eight or nine miles of the finest cinder roads 
in Tennessee costing thirty thousand dollars and seventeen years to make, is a 
perfect parallelogram about 100 x 140 feet. Cutting off one-third of its length and 
subdividing the remainder lengthwise for the sake of description, two boilers 46 
feet long side by side in one casing occupy the centre line of each of the two last 
subdivisions. Four knobling fires are ranged along each side of one pair of boil- 
ers and five on each side of the other pair. Each pair starts from a stack and is 
ended against a cupola run out fire. This brings the two stacks, 50 feet asunder, 
up through the centre cross line of the roof. At present one engine ends on to the 
one stack and the other lies crosswise in front of the other stack, but the latter is 
to be swung round, so that the whole work will be symmetrical. The doctor 
works in the centre (see plan hereafter). The metal refined iu the runouts is very 
ranch improved, by using 25 lbs. of limestone to the ton in refining. Product in 
the tables given is 2240 lb. tons, as for all these Tennessee works. Uses 3000 lbs. 
pig to 2464 lbs. bloom iron. 

479. BIRON Forge.— On Wells Creek 4 miles N. east from Ashland Furnace was 
built by Mr. Bartee and has 4 knobling fires, and 1 cupola run out ; 1 cliafery and 
1 bloom hammer, 2 engines and 2 boilers. In 1854 it was connected with Ashland 
Furnace and had 6 knobling fires, and but one hammer. Makes bar, plough 
moulds and other shapes for home market. 

4S0. YELLOW CREEK Forge.— On Yellow Creek was rebuilt 1840, by Steel and 
Sox, and bought by the present owners in 1S53, and makes blooms for Cincinnati. 

481. VALLEY Forge.' — One and a half miles from the right bank of the Cumber- 
land River, was built by Newell and Phillips, and sold in 1S54 to J. H. Jones & 
Co., and by them to Jordan, Eldridge & Co. Its engine has 2 boilers. 

482. BLOOMING-GROVE Forge.— On Bloom Creek, 1 J^ miles from right bank of 
Cumberland River, is very old. It will make about 1000 tons more, after which 
the castings, &c., will be run into blooms, and the forge beabandoncd. The lands 
have been just sold (March 1858). Its engine was driven by 2 large boilers 
heated as usual by the fires at the side ; and its blooms went to Cincinnati. 

483. WATER Forge. — On Barton's Creek has not been active since 1853, and 
makes only a little bar iron for neighboring farmers. It has both a knobling and 
a chafery hammer. 

484. HENRY CLAY Forge —A mile back from the left bank of the Cumberland 
Eiver, was built by Mr. Vanleer, and sold by Jackson, McKiernan & Co. Aug. 1, 
1857, to the present owner. Three fires range along each side of its one boiler at the 
end of which is the cupola run out. A seventh fire occupies the extreme far off 
corner alone (see plan hereafter). Blooms for Cincinnati. Made 600 tons from Aug. 
1, 1S57, to January 1, '58. . 

485. PATTERSON Forge.— At a remarkable bend in the Harpeth Eiver (a branch 
of the Cumberland from the southwest) where, after 7 miles of current, it returns 
to within 200 feet of its bed. This point is by road 12 miles from the mouth of the 
Harpeth in the Cumberland, but 23 miles by water. Hero a dam and a tunnel 
make a fine water power. One knobling aud 2 chafery hammers make blooms 
for Cincinnati, out of Worley Furnace pig metal. 

486. TURNBULL Forge.— On TurnbuU Creek, IS m. east of Worley, and 6 m. 
east of Jackson Furnaces, was built 1815* by Richard, and rebuilt 1847 by Elias 
Napier. It stopped in 18.)5, and will never run again. Sent blooms to Pittsburg 
aucl Cincinnati. Had both a knobling and a chafery hammer. Used Cumberland 
F'urnace metal. 

487. WHITE-BLUFF Forge.— On Turnbull Creek 4^ m. above the last, IJ^ E. of 
Jackson Furnace, 14 south of Charlotte, was built by Richard Napier, and worked 
up Piney Furnace metal for Pittsburg and Cincinnati, under a chafery and a kno- 
bling hammer, making 1 ton of 2464 lbs. of blooms out of l}i tons of 2268 lbs. pig 
iron. 



488. HURRICANE Forge.— On Hurricane Creek, 4 or 5 miles N. of Duck River, 
was built by Epps Jackson, and abandoned before 1854. It drew bars for the 
neighborhood. ICf' For sale. (March 1868.) (J. L. Jun.) 

ARKANSAS FORGE. 

489. ARKANSAS Iron Forge. — A bloomary with 2 fires and a hammer, was mak- 
ing 250 lbs. of swedged iron per day per fire, with a cold blast in Nov. 1857, but 
has now a hot blast, and is making perhaps 800 lbs., using 300 bushels of charcoal 
to the ton of finished bars, made out of brown hematite ore. (J. L. Jun., April 
1858.) 

MISSOURI FORGES. 

490. VALLE Forge. — On Wolf Creek, 3 miles east of Farmington on plank road 
from Iron Mountain to St. Genevieve, was built by Bailey, Prewitt & Co., and uses 
but one hammer, and one of its nine refining fires, and that for boiler slabs out of 
pig iron (2268 lbs. to the ton). Its two boilers are 4 x 36 feet. Makes from 2 tons 
of surface ore, costing at Iron Mountain $1.50 per ton, 1 ton of blooms for St. Louis 
and Pittsburg, with 250 bush, charcoal to the ton of blooms (2464 lbs.). 

491. PILOT KNOB Forge.— Near the Furnaces (Jos. S. Pease, sec. 34 Commer- 
cial St. Louis), ran out about April 1855, having bloomed for the mills on the Ohio. 
It will probably never run again. 

492. MARAMEC Forges. — On the Spring Branch of the Marameo Eiver at the 
Furnace (No. 612 K. 1 One bloomary, one chafery and one ancony forge, all 
under separate roofs between the Furnace and the Eolling Mill (see plan). 

MICHIGAN FORGES. 

493. COLLINS CO. Forge.— In T. 48 north, R. 25 west, sec. 9, S. W. corner, on Dead 
River, in the village of Collinsville (Elon Farnsworth, President of the Company) ; 
works the Collins Iron Mine ore, 16 miles W. S.W. from Marquette by railroad, 
for Cleveland, Pittsburg and Cincinnati ; has a superior water power, and a blast 
furnace is contemplated this year. The ore is brought from the three mountains 
by a gravity railroad descending 1100 feet in 16 miles to within say three miles of 
the harbor and village of Marquette, and then switched off north, dumped aud 
wagoned say 2 miles to the forge on the Riviere des Morts. A new railroad is pro- 
posed for tills transit, to cross also the river at the forge and continue north a mile 
or two further to another fine harbor on the lake. A good wagon road connects 
the forge and village. This forge is said to run but 3 fires now, manufacturing 6 
tons of blooms per day. (P. M.) — "The C. C. Forges are making active prepara- 
tions for a heavy business the ensuing year." Mr. St. R. Gay's letter to C. A. 
Trowbridge, in the Mining Chronicle for March 6, '58, p. 204, describes the pro- 
cess and quality of the first pig iron ever made in the Lake Superior region, by 
turning one of these forges at an expense of $50 into a blast furnace '2}.< feet across 
the bosh, 8 feet high aud 12 inches square at top, 15 inches square in the hearth, 
and holding 8 bushels of coal, begun on Monday, finished and fired on Wednesday, 
filled with coal Thursday noon, blast turned on Friday noon, and thenceforth 
charged regularly with 1 bush, coal, 20 lbs. of ore, and 7 lbs. of limestone. Cast 
at 6 o'c. 500 lbs. and again at 8 o'c. Saturday A. M., half a ton in all; 92 lbs. of 
which were forged by Mr. Eddy into an 85 lb. bloom. This little furnace was run 
2>^ days, made 2)^ tons, carrying the last 8 hours 30 lbs. of ore to a bushel of coal, 
equal to a ton of pig iron to 100 bushels of coal. Charcoal is plenty and costs 6 c. 
delivered. Freight of iron from Marquette to Chicago, Detroit and Cleveland, is 
$3.00 per ton, (See also Tribune of Feb. 17, '58.) 

This is an important region. The Pioneer Co. are making rapid progress with 
their two blast furnaces, one of which was to have gone into blast in March. Two 
foundries are to be built by them in the next season. The Forest Iron Co. ruu 
3 fires and make 4 tons of blooms per day. The Jackson Iron Co. forge is not in 
operation. A large quantity of ore is exported from these mining points even now. 
The Sharon Iron Co. have shipped 13,610 gross tons during the year 1857. (There 
went through the Sault St. Marie Canal 65 schooners, with 23,523 tons of ore.) The 
Cleveland Iron Mining Co. sent from Marquette in 1856, 6343 gross tons, and in 
1857, 13,204. Their blast furnaces in southern Michigan use it without previous 
roasting or breaking. The following are analyses of these ores, made by Dr. 
Chilton: — Perox. iron. (Iron.) Silica. Alumina. Magnesia. Water & loss. 

First spec. 98.79 (69.05) 0.46 0.13 0.00 0.72 

No. 2 92.26 (64.55) 6.15 1.71 0.00 0.88 

No. 10 95.60 (66.06) 3.11 1.44 0.16 92 

(Jackson ore) 95.60 (66.92) 1.71 0.00 0.43 0.72 

(Crystalline) 98.79 (69.15) 0.46 0.13 0.00 0.72 

No traces of manganese, phcsphorus or sulphur to be detected. The refined bar 
iron made from the pig metal above described was soft enough to be cut with a 
knife. The triumph, however, was thought to stand not so much in the goodness 
of the iron (for the ore guaranteed that) as in the supposed demonstration afforded 
by tlie experiment that blastfurnaces not costing more than one thousand dollars 
can make iron profitably in the vicinity of these ores. 



NOTE IN ADDITION TO FORGES, TABLE V, p. 90. 



496. HIGH BRIDGE Forge.— Hunterdon County, New Jersey, 3 miles north of 
Clinton village, was omitted from its place, as No. 76. Owner, Archibald S. Tay- 
lor, High Bridge P. 0. Lessees, Taylor & Large. Has one scrap heating furnace, 
one bloomary tire and one small axle swedging fire, and two hammers driven by 
water power. In 1856 used about 70 tons of scrap iron. Made in 18.34, 100? tons ; 
1855, 100 ? tons ; 1856, 110 tons of axles and bars. The forge stands 2 miles N. W. 
of Clinton station of the N. Jersey Central R. E., and is the fifth built in the 
locality (the second on the spot), the first of which was built over 140 years ago. 



The scrap furnace replaced a bloomary in May 1856. Burnt 3.50* tons anthracite 
in the scrap furnace and swedging fire last year, and probably 500 this year. 
Uses 25,000 bush, charcoal to a bloomary fire per year. Will use 250* tons scrap 
iron this year (1857). There are 3 veins of magnetic ore }i mile west, with 40 
openings on them 300 yards apart, 9 shafts and an adit. Made bar iron mostly 
before 1856 ; in 1856 % bar, Vfi wagon axles, J^ car axles ; in 1857, J.^ wagon and 
% car axles, rest bar. Market Philadelphia mostly, Newark, N. York. (From 
Mr. Lewis Taylor and brother. — B. S. Lyman, July 3, 1S57.) 



NOTES IN ADDITION TO ROLLING MILLS, TABLE G, p. 106. 



141. LOUDON Rolling Mill. — Has 2 puddling furnaces, one heating furnace, four 
trains [sets?] of rolls, and made 100 tons of bar iron in 1854, and 200 in 1855 and 
1856. (Late Correspondence.) 

136 & 137. CHEROKEE FORD Rolling Mill.— Cherokee Iron Works have a home 
market, that is, within the limits of the State. 

Mr. Horace Ware, of Shelby Furnace (No. 2.54, Table H. page 114), Columbiana, 
Shelby Co., Alabama, writes, April 24, 1858, that he is making an effort to put up 



a rolling mill this summer. " Our iron is much sought for," he adds, " and com- 
mands the highest price." He corrects a typographical error in Note 254, p. 116 ; 
600 acres ought to be 6000. He goes on to say, " My ore by analysis yields from 
60 to 90 per cent. ; we make 50 per cent, pig iron with our imperfect apparatus 
from our medium ore, saying nothing about the loss iu working. Three or four 
hands and a mule will raise and haul ore for a furnace making 5 to 6 tons per day. 
We can make 1 ton, 2000 lbs., with 100 bushels good charcoal. I have obtained a 
very favorable charter for an Iron Co. and a Branch Road." 



Note. — Enquiries received respecting the terms of membership are answered as follows: All persons actually engaged- 
in the manufacture of iron become of rig-lit members of the American Iron Association by signifying their intention and 
transmitting their annual subscription, payable March 1, in advance, of $10 for one charcoal furnace (more than one 
$20) ; of $20 for one mineral coal furnace or rolling mill (more than one $40) ; of $5 for all other description of works; 
no one individual, firm or company to be charged more than $40. Tersons not in the iron business may be elected 
members on nomination, and tlioir subscription will be $30. -L P- LESIjEY, Secretary. 



14G 



TABLE L— FORGES. 



AMERICAN IKON ASSOCIATION. NORTH AND WEST OF THE 



situation; owners; p. o. address; lessees and manaoers. 



when 

built OB 

rebuilt. 



9. NEW YORK.— CHAMPLAIN DISTRICT. 



412. 
413. 
414. 
415. 
416. 

417. 
418. 
419 
420. 
421. 

422. 
423.' 
424. 
425. 
426. 

427. 
428. 
429. 
430. 
431. 

432. 
433. 
434. 
435. 
436. 

437. 
438. 
439. 
440. 
441. 

442. 
443. 
444. 

445. 
446. 
447. 



5 miles west of Fort Ann village. 
}i mile above West Fort Ann, No. 1. 

6 miles west of Crown Point. 
1 mile soutli of Root's Tavern. 
IS miles soutli of Elizabethtown. 

13 miles south of Elizabethtown. 
6 miles southeast of Elizabethtown. 
4 miles south of Elizabethtown. 
}^ mile north of Elizabethtown. 
4 miles north of Westport. 

In Whallonsburg, southwest of Essex. 
4 miles north of Elizabethtown. 

6 miles east of north of Elizabethtown. 
In village of Willsboro'. 

7 miles south of Keesville. 

Port Kendall. 1 mile east of Highland Forge. 

Purmort's. 6 miles south of Au-Sable Forks. 

Aa-Sable. In village of Au-Sable Forks. 

Upper Black Brook. 4 miles northwest of Au-Sable Forks. 
Lower Black Br'k. 4 miles northwest of Au-Sable Forks. 

New Sweden. 2 miles west of Cliutonville. 

Upper Clintonville. In Cliutonville, west of Keesville. 
Lower Cliutonville. In Cliutonville, west of Keesville. 
Cook's. 2 miles north of Clintonville. 

Honsinger's. 5 miles southwest of Norrisville. 



West Fort Ann, 1. 
West Fort Ann, 2. 
Peufield's. 
Schroon River. 
North Hudson. 

Dead Water. 
Noble's. 
New Russia. 
Elizabethtown. 
Westport. 

Whallonsburg. 

Wilder's. 

Merriam's. 

Willsboro,. 

Highland. 



Upper Norrisville. 
Norrisville. 
Merchant's. 
Myer's. 
Russia, No. 1. 

Russia, No. 2. 

Piatt's. 

Elsinore. 

Danemora. 

Stone. 

Weston. 



2^i miles west of Schuyler's Falls. 
23^ miles west of Schuyler's Falls. 

14 mile west of Schuyler's Falls. 
In village of Saranac Forks. 

15 miles west of Plattsburg. 

18 miles west of Plattsburg. 
17 miles west of Plattsburg. 
llj/^ miles west of Plattsburg. 

In village of Danemora (State Prison). 
10 miles west of Plattsburg. 
In town of Plattsburg. 



Caleb Kingsley, owner and manager. West Fort Ann P. O. 
A. H. Wheeler, lessee. West Fort Ann. 
Penfield, Harwood & Co., owners. Crown Point P. 0. 
E. B. Walker & Co., owners. Jacob Parmerter, manager. 
James S. Whallon, owner. Whallonsburg P. 0. 

James S. Whallon, owner. Whallonsburg P. 0. 

Henry R. Noble, owner and manager. Elizabethtown P. 0. 

Hiram Putnam, owner and manager. New Russia P. 0. 

James S. Whallon, owner. Whallonsburg P. 0. 

Wm. P. & P. D. Merriam, owners and managers. Westport P. 0. 

James S. Whallon, owner, Whallonsburg P. 0. 
A. H. Wilder, owner and manager. Lewis P. O. 
. J. L. Merriam, owner and manager. Lewis P. 0. 
Heirs of Wm. D. Ross, owners. H. H. Ross, 2d manager. 
A. G. Forbes, owner and manager. Port Kendall P. 0. 

Abandoned many years ago. 

J. H. Purmort & Co., owners and managers. Jay P. 0. 

J. & J. Rogers, owners and managers. Au-Sable Forks P. 0. 

J. & J. Rogers, owners and managers. Au-Sable Forks P. O., Essex Co. 

J. & J. Rogers, owners and managers. Au-Sable Forks P. 0., Essex Co. 

Wm. v. K. McLean, owner and manager. New Sweden P. 0. 

Saltus & Co., owners, 7 Beaver Street, New York. 

Saltus & Co., owners, 7 Beaver Street, New York. 

Abandoned and partially in ruins. 

A. W. Honsinger, owner and manager. Schuyler's Falls P. 0. 

Albert Norris, owner and manager. Schuyler's Falls P. 0. 

Albert Norris, owner and manager. Schuyler's Falls P. O. 

Henry P. Merchant, owner. Elisha Hare, lessee. Schuyler's Falls P. O. 

L. Myers & Son, owners and managers, Plattsburg. 

Assignees of Hewitt & Stoddart. Abandoned latter part of 1855. 

G. & G. H. Parsons, owners and managers. Saranac P. 0. 

M. K. Piatt, owner. D. C. Boynton, agent and manager. Saranac P.O. 

A. Williams, owner and manager. Plattsburg P. 0. 

State of New York, ownei-. E. & J. D. Kingsland& Co., less. Keesville. 
Eli Chittenden, of Burlington, Vt., owner. Josiah Hayden, manager. 
Z. N. Weston, owner and manager, Plattsburg. 



Washixuton. 

Washington. 

Essex. 

Essex. 

Essex. 


1802? '42* 
1828 
1817 
1857 


Essex. 

Essex. 
Essex. 
Essex. 
Essex. 


1825* '45 
1847* '56 


Essex. 
Essex. 
Essex. 
Essex. 
Essex. 


1844* 
1837* '53 
ISOO* '.50 

1837* 


Essex. 

Essex. 

Essex. 

Clinton. 

Clinton. 


9 

1809 '57 

1848 

1832 '00 

1832 '67 


Clinton. 
Clinton. 
Clinton. 
Clinton. 
Clinton. 


1822 '46 

1 

1845* '56 


Clinton. 
Clinton. 
Clinton. 
Clinton. 
Clinton. 


1857 
1822 '48 

? 
1844 '53 

? 


Clinton. 
Clinton. 
Clinton. 


1813 '47 
1845 
1845 


Clinton. 
Clinton. 
Clinton. 


1854 

? 
1856 



10. NEW YORK.— ST. LAWRENCE DISTRICT. 



448. Brasher. 

449. Brasher Centre. 
4.i0. Norfolk. 

451. Waddington. 

452 Fullcrville. 

453. Westlield. 

454. Sterliugville. 

455. Jefferson. 



In village of Brasher's Iron Works. 
5 miles from Brasher's Falls P. O. 
Near Brasher Forge. 
In Madrid Township, on river. 

In village of Fullerville. 
In Franklin County. 
In village of Sterlingville. 
In village of Carthage. 



J. W. Skinner, owner and manager, Ogdensburg. St. Lawbence. 

Jonas Crapser, owner and manager. Brasher Falls P. 0. St. Lawre.vce. 

Not run for over ten years and now in ruins. St. L.awrence. 

Not run for ten years and now in ruins. St. Lawrence. 

Fuller & Peck, owners and managers. Fullerville Iron Works P. 0. St. Lawrence. 

Out of blast for a long time. Franklin. 

Caleb Essington, owner and manager, Sterlingville. Jefferson. 

Hiram McCoUom, owner and manager, Carthage P. 0. Jefferson. 



1835 '67 
1849 
? 
? 

1S33 



1818* '47 



11. WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 



456. Felson's. 

457. Scott's. 

458. Fa"irchance. 

459. Brownsville. 



15 miles south of Somerset. 
8? miles west of Somerset. 
8 miles south of Uniontown. 
In the town of Brownsville. 



Once owned by Felson, of Berlin. Abandoned thirty-five years ago. 
Once owned by Matthias Scott. Abandoned thirty years ago. 
F. H. O. Oliphant, present owner. See Fairchance Furu. & R. Mill. 
Once owned by G. W. Cass k Co. Abandoned some years ago. 



Somerset. 


Old. 


Somerset. 


Old. 


Fayette. 


Old. 


Fayette. 


Old. 



12. OHIO. 



460. Sample's. 

461. Beuner's. 

462. Steam. 

463. Scioto. 

464. Brush Creek. 



15 miles below Gallipolis. 
Near Chilicothe on Paint Creek. 
At Steam Furnace on Brush Creek. 
5? miles up the Little Scioto. 
8? miles up Brush Creek. 



McNickle & Sample. Abandoned say fifteen years ago. Washington.? IS 

James tSt Woodruff, once owners. Abandoned some years ago. Ross. Old. 

Run in connection with the furnace. Abandoned twenty years ago. Adams. Old. 

Managed by Mr. Wurtz in 1833. Abandoned many years. Adams. Old. 

Run at different times by Dr. Voorhees, Mr. Fisher & Mr. Means. Aband. Adams. Old. 



13. KENTUCKY. 



465. Twelvepole. 

466. Fulton. 

467. Enterprise. 

468. Shreeve's. 

469. East Fork. 

470. Argolite. 

471. Ward's. 

472. Beaver. 

473. Red River. 

474. Nolin's I. Works. 

475. Elizabeth. 

476. Union. 

477. Tennes.see I. Wks. 



6 miles south of Cerido (on the Ohio). 
3 miles east of Greenupsburg. 
6 miles west of Greenupsburg. 

1 mile south of Greenupsburg. 
6 miles south of Greenupsburg. 

8 miles south of Greenup.sburg. 
14 miles south of Greenupsburg. 
60? miles south of Greenupsburg. 
20 miles north of Irvine. 

60? miles southwest of Louisville. 
1>^ mile northeast of Dycusburg. 

2 miles below Eddyville. 
10 miles above Eddyville. 



At the Shoals of Twelvepole Creek. 

Once owned by PauU, Shreve & Co. 

Once run by Clingman. 

At the Falls of Little Sandy. 

On the East Fork of Little Sandy. 



Abandoned and disappeared. 
Abandoned ten years ago. 
Abandoned twenty years ago. 
Abandoned many years ago. 
Abandoned many years ago. 



Up Little Sandy at A. Furnace. Abandoned twenty years ago. 

Up Little Sandy at Pactolus F. Abandoned many years ago. 

On Licking River. Abandoned many years ago. 

Josiah A, Jackson. Red River P. 0. 

East end. West Kentucky Coal B. Abandoned many? years ago. 
G. D. Cobb, owner. Dycusburg P. 0. Abandoned. 
Kelly & Co., owners. Jno. B. Evans, manager. Eddyville P. 0. 
Hillraan, Bros., on's. G. Hillman, man. Empire I. W. P. O., Trigg Co. 



Greenup. 


Old. 


Greenup. 


1830* 


Greenup. 


Old. 


Greenup. 


Old. 


Greenup. 


Old. 


Greenup. 


Old. 


Greenup. 


Old. 


Estill. 


Old. 


Estill. 


ISIO* 


Edmondson. 


Old. 


Crittenden. 


Old. 


Lyon. 


1840* '54 


Lyon. 


1816 



Continued on pp. 150, 151. 



147 



ALLEGHENIES. 



OFFICE 141 S. EIGHTH ST., PHILADELPHIA. 



May 1, 1858. 



NUMBER OF FIRES 



' 




M 


' 






d 

s 

O 

o 


o3 


Refinery 
or knobl 

uddliug 


Sao 

a 


B 

a 


Kind 

of 

power. 



M W 



CONSUMPTION 1856. 



g. a 



PRODUCTION. 



1851. 



1855. 

2 ^ Wks. Wks. 

"S-" Bl's. Bars. Bl's. Bars. 



1856. 



Wks. 



Bl's. Bars. 



1857 



Kind 
of 
Wks. manufactnre. 



Bl's. Brs. 



9. NEW YORK.— CHAMPLAIN DISTRICT. 



412. 
41.3. 
4U. 
415. 
416. 

417. 
418. 
419. 
420. 
421. 

422. 
423. 
424. 
425. 
426. 

427. 
428. 
429. 
430. 
431. 

432. 
433. 
434. 
435. 
436. 

437. 
438. 
439. 
440. 
441. 

442. 
443. 
444. 

445. 
446. 

447. 



West Fort Ann, 1 1 

West Fort Ann, 2 1 

Penfield's 4 

Scliroon River 2 

North Hudson 3 



New Sweden 
V. Clintonville 
L. Clintonville 
Cook's 
Honsinger's 

Up. Norrisville 
Norrisville 
Merchant's 
Myer's 
Russia, No. 1 

Russia, No. 2 

Piatt's 
Elsinore 

Danemora 

Stone 

Weston 



Dead Water 4 

Noble's 2 

New Russia 3 

Ellzabethtown 5 

Westport 3 

Whallonsburg 4 

Wilder's 2 

Merriam's 3 

Willsboro' 5 

Highland 2 

Port Kendall 

Purmort's 4 

Au-Sable 4 

Up. Black Brook 4 

L. Black Brook 8 



Water 40* 

Water 160* 

Water 1500* 
Water 



20* 
10* 



25* . . 14 

40? . . ? 

500* . . 35 

Not erected. 



1 Water 

1 Water 

1 Water 150* 

1 Water 1350* 

1 W. S. 

1 Water 1800* 



100* 
320* 



13 

20 



600* 



2 Water 

1 Water 1500* 500* 

1 Water 2400* 600* 

2 Water 2800* 1000* 

300* 100* 



Water 



1 Water 1200* 

1 Water 3500* 

1 Water ) „„|,„^ 

2 Water 5''""" 



1 Water 
. . Water 
. . Water 



2115 



2S0 



1 Water 300* 

1 Water 

1 Water 800* 

1 Water 450* 
3 Water 1350* 

2 Water 



n Water 1500* .. 

1 Water 2400* .. 
n Water ISOO* .. 

2 Steam 5500* .. 
1 Water .. .. 

3 Water 900* .. 



416 

1000? 

500* 
800* 
650* 



15* .. 9 

15* . . 30 

500* . . 35 

Not erected. 



60* 
350* 



12* . . 8 

40* . . 20 

500* . . 35 

Not erected. 



50* 
425* 



44 



600* 



44 
40 
42 
17 



500* 

700* 

1000* 

100* 



44 
42 
42 
17 



Abandoned 
600* . . 35 
774 . . 52 



40 



many years 
500* . . 35 
949 . . 52 

2525 . . 40 



600* . . 44 

760* . . 46 

850* . . 36 

100* . . 17 

ago. 

300* . . 36 

912 . . 52 



2189 



35 Not in operation. Not in operation. 



Abandoned 
200* . . 26 



and partially in ruins. 
200* .. 26 100* .. 17 



? Not in operation. Not in operation. 
30 .531 ..44 266 .. 26 

125 ..24 230 ..24 

29 540 ..39 601 .. 41 

44 10007 .. 44 Not in operation. 



44 

44 
40 

Not erected. 
600 . . 40 
300* . . 52* 



600* 
800* 
400* 

1000* 
24 

300* 



44 500* .. 44 

44 800* .. 44. 
33 625 .. 40 

45 2000* .. 45 
4 Not in operation. 

62* 300* .. 52* 



Anchors, cranks. 

Anchors, cranks. 

Blooms. 

Blooms, bars. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms, bars. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

) Blooms. 
I Blooms. 

Blooms, bars. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Bl's, bars, axles. 

Blooms, bars. 

Blooms, bars. 

Blooms. 

.. Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Blooms, bars. 

Blerchant bars. 

Merchant bars. 

in ruins, 
now in ruins. 

Merchant bars. 

Draught I., bars. 

Blooms, bars. 



10. NEW YORK.— ST. LAWRENCE DISTRICT. 



448. Brasher 

449. Brasher Centre 

450. Norfolk 

451. Waddington 

452. FuUerville 

453. Westfleld 

454. Sterlingville 

455. Jefferson 



1 Water 

2 Water 



1 Water 



1 Water 
1 Water 



200 .. .. 25 .. 
175 




.. 35* .. 40* .. 


.. 30* .. 15* .. 
.. 150* .. 60* .. 



50* . . 52 
40 . . 34 
Not run for 
Not run for 



60* . . 52 
30 . . 30 
over ten 
over ten 



7.9* . . 52 
35 . . 32 

years and 
years and 



50* ..40 50* .. 40 60* .. 40 

Out of blast for a long time past. 

40* ..40 40* .. 40 40* .. 40 

150* .. 62 150* .. 52 150* .. 62 



11. WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 



456. Felson's 

457. Scott's 

458. Fairchance 

459. Brownsville 



Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 



12. OHIO. 



460. Sample's 

461. Banner's 

462. Steam 

463. Scioto 

464. Brush Creek. 



Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 



13. KENTUCKY. 



465. Twelvepole 

466. Fulton 

467. Enterprise 

468. Shreeve's 

469. East Fork 

470. Argolite 

471. Ward's 

472. Beaver 

473. Red River 

474. Nolin's I. W. 

475. Elizabeth 

476. Union 

477. Tennessee I. W. 



12* 

4 



22 



1 Steam 
3 Steam 



1800 

3696 little little 



Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 

Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 
300 260 . . 

Abandoned. 

Rebuilding. 
7 . . 44* 



300 260 



1200* 
2627 



44 
40 



1200* 
2791 



44 
44 



220 200 



1000* 
3384 



40 Blooms. 
46 Blooms. 



Continued on pp. 150, 151. 



Note. — ^1 means — had formerly 2 but now only one, or, now only use one of two. 
* Approximately correct. ? Altogether doubtful or purely conjectural. i> ■ u 

!r3= Corrections of the table are solicited. If those to whom this sheet are sent return theit production for 1857 (from January 1 to January 1) with any other 
information thev please, such as enlarged capacity, important changes, experiments, &c., the Secretary is authorized to acknowledge the same with a copy (now 
in press) of the Summary and Annual Report. ■' ^- I^ESLfcY. Secretaru. 



J. P. LESLEY, Secretary. 



148 



NOTES TO TABLE J, ROLLINQ MILLS (p. 154). {Continued from Table G, p. 109.) 

The continuation of this important Table has been delayed to obtain the needful information by a personal visit to 
the works which are situated on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Compared with the older establishments of the 
Eastern States, many of these newer ones present striking features, and deserve to have their plans presented to the eye 
in wood-cuts upon the pages of the bulletin. Roomy, because built where land is less valuable, and symmetrical, because 
constructed at once, and not by numerous unanticipated and therefore unavoidably awkward additions, — furnished with 
powerful machinery, and in its later improved forms, — protected by the mountains to some good degree from British 
competition — in positions facing the great rivers and principal lines of railroad communication between the east and 
west, — occupying the advance posts towards the great market of the west, so far as railroad bar is concerned, — and backed 
by iron making regions producing exclusively charcoal and principally cold or moderately warm blast pig metal — this 
young and powerful system of western mills claims careful attention, and is destined to a rapid, steady and immense 
increase. The essential plan of the Table has not been altered, but an additional column has been added to include the 
production of the year 185Y among the more distant works, which were visited the last. It is proposed to obtain the 
total product of 185t, to be republished immediately after the completion of this series of tables, but not in an elaborate 
form. It was found impossible to fill up the column of 1849 outside the limits of Pennsylvania with the means at present 
at command. In one or two instances all information was refused or withheld, but in the main very moderate corrections 
of the statements received, either by side inquiries or by calculation from the known capacity of the equipment of a given 
works, have sufficed to make the table a satisfactory approximation to the actual truth. Errors undoubtedly exist, but 
neither time nor money nor painstaking has been spared to reduce their number and weight to a practical minimum ; 
and it only remains to urge it upon the members of the association to show their interest in the objects it has in view by 
taking the trouble to criticize the statements made, make themselves sure of supposed errors, and then transmit to the 
office of the association the correction and the evidence by letter that it may be used in subsequent issues. The secretary 
feels that he has done all that one could do, and now respectfully appeals to the public zeal and local knowledge of the 
members of the association. It is proper here to state that the works in Wheeling, in Western Kentucky and Tennessee, 
Missouri, Indiana and Michigan, as well as those of Western and Northern New York, have been visited by Mr. Jos. 
Lesley, Jr. The following table of imports, brought up to July 1, 1851, is called for again, and will find its appropriate 
place as a general statement here, in advance of the local information embodied in the following notes. (J. P. L.) 



Explanation of the Change in the Classification of Iron in the U. S. Treasury Reports, commencing July 1, 1854. 



The Treasury classification of iron up to June 30, 1854, 
was as follows : — 
Bar manufactured hy rolling, \^ round and square, 1^ flats 

and all larger bars, and railroad iron. 
Bar manufactured otherwise. Hammered bars. 
Round and square, as brazier's rods, -j\ to |f diameter. 
Nail and spike rods, slit, rolled, or hammered. 
Band and scroll iron, as casement rods, slit, rolled, &c. 
Hoop iron. 
Sheet iron. 
Pig iron. 
Old and scrap iron. 



New classification commencing with the fiscal year ending 
June 30, 1855:— 
Railroad iron, taken from " bar manufactured by rolling," 

and exhibited separately. 
Bar iron, being the remainder of " bar manufactured by 

rolling," and all of "bar manufactured otherwise." 
Rod iron, comprising "brazier's rods," "nail and spike 

rods," and "scroll iron." 
Hoop iron, being the old class "hoop iron" and "band." 
Sheet iron. Not changed. 

Pig iron. do. 

Old and scrap iron. do. 



Statement Compiled from the U. S. Treasury Report on "Commerce and Navigation,''^ showing the quantity of each kind 

of Iron imported. 



*nSCAL TEARS ENDINO 
JUNE 30. 



Railroad ironf . 
Rolled bar . 
Hammered bar . 
Brazier's rods 
Nail and spike rods 
Band and scroll . 
Hoop . 
Sheet . 



Total rolled and hammered 

Pig 

Old and scrap 



1850. 


1851. 


1852. 


1853. 


1854. 


Tons. 


Tons. 


Tons. 


Tons. 


Tons. 


142,037 


188,626 


245,626 


298,995 


282,867 


105,914 


65,676 


45,760 


88,358 


45,551 ) 


14,707 


20,199 


44,203 


17,595 


13,620 I 


1,996 


1,402 


1,378 


1,633 


882) 


292 


699 


604 


1,877 


3,393 \ 


579 


399 


769 


652 


680 


4,397 


6,513 


5,989 


6,083 


5,817 


10,672 


14,967 


13,569 


19,111 


16,582 


280,594 


298,381 


357,798 


434,304 


369,392 


74,874 


67,250 


91,874 


114,227 


160,484 


10,104 


8,394 


7,687 


9,490 


18,604 


365,672 


374,025 


457,359 


558,021 


548,480 



FISCAL TEAKS TO JUNE 30. 



Railroad iron 
Bar iron 

Rod iron 



Hoop iron 
Sheet iron 



Total rolled and hammered 
Pig iron .... 
Old and scrap iron 



1855. 



Tons. 
127,516 

116,911 

6,382 

7,042 
14,576 



272,427 
98,925 
15,299 



386,651 



1856. 



Tons. 
155,496 

108,172 



5,903 
14,012 



293,274 
69,012 
12,389 



364,675 



Tons. 
179,305 

86,702 
15,787 

5,389 
16,093 



303,276 

61,794 

8,250 



Per 

cent. 



83.5 
14.2 
2.3 



363,320 j 100 



1857 compared with 1856. 



Increase. 
23,809 



6,096 
2,081 



10,002 



Decrease. 
21,470 



514 



7,218 
4,139 



C. E. SMITH.- 

* This table was published on page 26, where it contains several typographical errors ; and again, corrected up to 1856, on page 68. 

t Furnished by the Secretary of the Treasury to the Hon. Jas. H. Campbell, of Pennsylvania, December 24, 1856 (published page 35). The amount is sub- 
tracted from the nest item, " Bar Manufactured by Rolling." 



1^=^ FOR THE EXCLUSIVE TSE OF THE MEMBERS. 

149 



145. CAMBRIA Rolling Mill. — Is situated ou the river flat between the Johns- 
town depot and Penua. R. R. bridge and the three furnaces. Tlie main building 
is 612 feet long, and the transept is 372 feet long; the two make a Roman cross, 
In the head of which (towards the north) are two rows of double puddling fur- 
naces, 2.5 feet apart, 4 on each side of an alley 2-3 feet wide ; in the right arm (to- 
wards the eastj are two rows, o on each side ; in the left arm are two rows partially 
completed, 4 on each sid^ and two more turn the corner of the centre and stand 
on the west side of the beginning of the body of the cross. In line with these last 
are three heating furnaces and farther on, beyond an open space into a side house, 
there are three more; opposite which, against the east wall, are three pairs more. 
Tlie centre line of the body of the cross is occupied by two Burden squeezers (at 
the crossing of the transept) and a line of muck rolls, ending with a powerful 
engine ; and near the south end are the rail rolls set crosswise, with an engine 
alongside and the saws in front. This engine (.30 in. cyl. and 26 in. stroke) has no 
gearing, but drives the rail rolls by a rapid and powerful direct action (about So 
per minute), the velocity and power of which can be varied by means of three 
boles in a solid steel disc instead of a crank. Tlie rail train is three high, being 
the only ones of the kind in this country, introducing a much more perfect 
method of rolling heavy irou. Each set of rolls consists not of two but of three, 
placed one above the other, and massively and accurately housed, by which plan 
a return motion is obtained, and the pile, after passing forward between the lowest 
and middle rolls, passes back between the middle and upper rolls. So that 
when a pile happens to gap at the forward end, instead of having to reverse 
it, and perhaps getting it between the rolls too late to have it weld, it is sent 
immediately back between the upper rolls and welded perfectly. The opera- 
tion is extremely beautiful for its rapidity and certainty. — The small house on the 
west side of the cross body (or nave) mentioned above, contains a small bar mill 
with boilers and a tall stack outside; but the steam for the great engine and the 
rail mill engine and a third engine for the two squeezers placed at the S. W. cross- 
ing pier (to speak architecturally) is generated over the various puddling furnaces, 
and conveyed along central steam pipes. A large tank stands high up over the 
great engine. The building was burned down last year, and a new and better 
plan of roof adopted, giving great strength and plenty of light, and practically 
lire proof. — North of the north end of the mill is the machine shop and lathe house 
and forge with six fires, and a stack at the corner. Beyond this to the north is 
the large foundry building, and then comes the stock yards going towards the 
furnaces. Here also stands the new experimental furnace, erected under the 
superintendence of Wm. Kelly, of Eddyville, Kentucky, inventor of a process for 
refining iron by blowing cold air at a high pressure into the run-out metal simi- 
lar to the Martien and Bessemer processes, and to be described hereafter on 
page 157 in note No. 5.55 Furnace Table K. After various late experiments, none 
of them satisfactory, a small round furnace for re-melting pig has been mounted 
on columns beside a low Bessemer vessel, into which its metal is run and there 
blown into. The experiments continue with a result still doubtful. (May 12, '5S.) 

' — The workmen's dwellings form a rectangular village between the mill and the 
railroad. — The production from May lSo4 to May 1S55 was 2568J tons. From May 
1855 the monthly production was 308, 608, 654, 722, 297, 1038, 810, 836 ; Jan. 1856 
660, 978, 618, 781, 1093, 1168, 881, 1100, 1135, 1522, 1543 and 1406 tons, total in 1S56 
32,885 tons. The production of 1858 may reach 25 or even 30,000 tons. (J. P. L.) 

146. FAIRCHANCE Rolling Mill. — At the western base of W. Laurel Hill or 
Chestnut Ridge, on the waters of George's Creek, near the National Koad, makes 
all kinds of iron and nails. "Production for 1854 and 1855 ; no time to examine." 

147. BROWNSVILLE Rolling Mill.— On the Monongahela River was sold 1847, 
and the castings melted up and the machinery scattered about "Pittsburg. In 
1853 the works were sold by Robt. Rogers, of Brownsville, for $.5000. Mr. C. E. 
Smith's tables of 1849 give E. Hughes Lessee ; largest previous consumption 2000 
pig, 50 bloom, 50 scrap ; production in 1847 600 Ions. 

148. McKEESPORT Rolling Mill.— On the south side of the Monongahela, was 
e.stablished in 1S51 by W. Dewees "Wood. There are two sets of sheet rolls in 
the sheet mill, one soft and one hard, and one 16 inch bar train ; making bars 
all 4 inches wide and y^io % in. thick, suitable for rolling into sheets. The low- 
est grade is called Common ; next Juniata ; next Imitation Russia, and best Gal- 
vanized sheet, plain and also corrugated, "The numbers range from 14 to 30. The 
galvanizing works (managed by Mr. McLean) adjoin the mill, and have a train of 
corrugating rolls. Made in 1856 fully 500 and in' 1857 up to 14th Nov. 427 tons add 
50* = 477 tons ; will run in the year about 530. The business increased every 
year. Works stopped Dec. 1, and uncertain when they will start again. (W. D. 
W., Pittsburg, Jan. 1858.) 

149. AMERICAN Rolling Mill.— On the south bank of the Monongahela, l^i 
miles above the bridge, and V^ mile above Birmingham ferry ; a large, well 
appointed mill, five years old ; built in square under one roof, with small rail- 
roads around and through it, by which all the work is done ; cinder used to 
bank out over the river. Ten puddling furnaces face the mill on that side, and 
ten others form an \_ inside, surrounding the muck and large trains, with fine 
engine and Burden squeezer, geared cibove as first done at Phoenix and after- 
wards both at the Johnstown, and also at the Reading Mills. The southwest 
corner and centre of the mill are occupied by heating furnaces, feeding the 
nail, sheet and bar trains, with an engine ; the southeast by the nail machines 
and a third small engine. Outside on the east are the boilers, and a remarkably 
beautiful chimney slack of great height. The fire clay, brick, soapstone and ore 
sheds surround the yard on the east, through which comes a tressel R. R. allow- 
ing the coal, brought from the hill, to be shot from above into bins between every 
Ijair of puddling furnaces. In an outhouse at the southwest corner is an anneal- 
ing furnace into which runs on a railroad an iron box car 12 feet long, capable 
of containing 5 tons of sheets (9 ft. long) and luted tight, heated white hot and 
the whole allowed to cool. This frees the nail plate furnaces, and permits to 
roll ly ton a day. — Mill has run but one turn since September. Stopped entirely 
three weeks ago. (Visited Jan. 2, 185S, J. P. L.) — The consumption in 1855 was 
0321 pig, 100 blooms, ,325 scrap, to make 5400 tons of merchant bar nails. Lost 2 
weeks in 1856. (Corr.) 

130. WESTERN Tack Factory.— On the south bank of the Monongahela, H mile 
below the American R. M, and )^ mile above Birmingham ferry — the only tack 
factory in the west, and none east of it nearer than Rhode Island, and one in the 
upper part of the State of New York. The old factory existed here ten or twelve 
years ago, but the puddle mill was added in lS54and has slowly increased its make 
by equalizing its forge make and factory demand. Tliree hundred and odd kinds of 
nails, tacks and brads are made (and kept on hand), at the rate of over 5 tons a day 
(of 10 hours) for almost every work day in the year. The New England tack going 
in ballast to New Orleans meets the tack of this mill at Louisville. Reed's horse 
head nail machine consists of 50 pieces. Blanchard's tack machine (self -turning) 
is composed of over 300 pieces, costs twice a common nail machine, and makes 
100,000 tacks in 10 hours, being fed with fine hoop iron. The factory makes its 
own machines. — One puddle fire built last summer. One heating furnace in the 
Table is for annealing. Has one alligator ; 2 engines. (W. C.) (J. P. L.) 



151. HECLA (formerly Birmingham) Rolling Mill. — On the south side of the 
Monongahela, X mile above the Birmingham Ferry, was owned by Wood, Mc- 
Knight cSc Co., until 1852 ; has four pair of puddle furnaces in a row outside (south, 
with their stacks south) ; two were put up in the fall of 1855. It has 2 nail, .3 
bar and Lsmall mill heaters ; a Burden squeezer and a small iron 1" hammer, dis- 
used ; two engines ; and uses chiefly Lake Champlaiu ore for lining. It has run 
mostly single turn ; in 1857 double turn about 3 weeks. Stopped as usual a month 
before August 1, and run six weeks afterwards, making say 3000? 33 w. in 18.37. 
Makes bar, rod, nails (Jan. 2, '57). Consumed 4000 ton pig, 1854; and the same in 
18.35, to make 2500 tons, bar and rod, and 14,000 kegs of nails, most of the year 
single turn. In 1856, 3000 tons bar and 20,000 kegs of nails; losing 3 months, 
(Corr.) 

1.52, A NEW MILL, on the south side of the Monongahela, just below the Bir- 
mingham Ferry, has been built by Swett, EUet & Co., to supply the spike factory 
next the Duquesne R. Mill, in Pittsburg. It just started Sept. 1,* 1857, and stopped 
again with all the other mills of the neighborhood. It intends to use but one of 
its two trains. Has one engine. 

1.53. SLIGO Rolling Mill. — On the south side of the Monongahela, just below the 
bridge, has ten heating and one annealing furnace, a Burden squeezer, and a heavy 
iron T hammer for Juniata slabs. Boilers ou the floor. The mill stands under 
the Steubenville R. R. under tall cliffs, a slide from which took place Dec. 1857, 
from which 350 tons a day is still being taken (Jan. 2, 1858) away to make wharf- 
age in the rear of the warehouses, which face the mills across the street. Up and 
down the street are ranges of brickwork dwellings. The east end of the east 
building is filled by six pair of puddle furnaces, with their hanging railroads con- 
verging to the Burden squeezer, beyond which in line are the muck train, X 
hammer, engine fly-wheel, 5^^ ft. plain roll,3feet chill plain, breakdown trains, and 
common shears. The stack and boilers lie south of the fly-wheel, the annealing 
and 2 heating furnaces north of the plain trains, and an 8 feet Ruggles' rotary 
shears stands diagonally at their end. (These shears cut inch plate without effort. 
There is one at the Pennsylvania R. R. Company's shops in Pittsburg and Altoona, 
and in Woolwich, Eug., but this is of the largest size.) The west mill forms a 
short L with the other, ending on the street, while the other sides some few yards 
back from it. The slide invaded this mill without doing damage, a sandstone 
boulder two yards long rolling in between the king posts. Here stand in line an 
8 inch train running 225 revolutions per minute, an 18 inch (75 R.), the fly of an- 
other engine (stack and boilers north), a 12 inch (100 R.), and a double saw run- 
ning 1500 revolutions ; north of these trains stand their six heating furnaces. The 
arrangement is roomy and convenient, and needs only one or two blast furnace 
stacks at the southeast corner, under the cliffs to be perfect. The coal comes from 
the Pittsburg vein overhead ; the iron exclusively from Madison and Sligo in 
Clarion, and Bald Eagle and- Pennsylvania in Huntingdon counties, Pa. All four 
cold blast charcoal furnaces, Nos. 124, 132, 396, and 397. The rolling of the muck 
bars resembles scrap iron rolling. (J. P. L.) 

Production of Sligo 1854 1855. 1856. 1857. . 

Com. bar sizes 4,904,000 2,885,000 4,136,900 4,884,500 

Small iron 3,164,.521 2,747,036 3,579,323 3,770,761 

Plate and sheet 2,082,989 1,561,971 1,789, .590 2,253,831 

Total in lbs. 10,151,510 7,194,027 9, .525,813 10,909,122 lbs. 

Total in tons 5075 3597 4762 5434 net. 
In 1855 the puddlers were off 6 months. 

154. CLINTON Rolling Mill.— On the south side of the Monongahela, }^ mile 
below the bridge, was owned by Cuddy, Jones & Co., and then by Bennet, Mar- 
shall & Co., who ran it as a rail mill for about a year from September 1853, to 
June or July 1834. Graff, Bennet & Co. changed it back to a merchant bar and 
nail mill, in Sept. or Oct. 1834. It has made for two years past say 70 or 80 tons 
a week, one third perhaps of which has been nails. Fiscal year ends July 1. 
Last summer (1857) the nail factory was transferred across the street to a large 
new building on the river bank, into which was put also a second engine and nail 
and sheet trains with two heating furnaces ; and a small third engine to drive the 
nail machines ; besides a fourth "doctor" or pumping engine to raise river water. 
Made a good many nails up to July, but has done but little since. All stopped 
in Sept. -Oct. Has a Burden squeezer and a tilt hammer. Coal is brought down 
from the hill beliind by a plane and dumped from the high rails into the bins 
behind the puddling furnaces. Iron used is charcoal and coke mixed ; for certain 
purposes some charcoal blooms; and some scrap. Make a little boiler plate; 
chiefly merchant bar and light sheet and nails ; have a capacity now of 1000 kegs 
a week. (J. P. L.) 

155. PITTSBURG Rolling Mill.— On the south side of the Monongahela, K mile 
below the bridge, has been run about 3 years by the present owners. Has a 
Burden squeezer and two engines (boilers on the ground), and makes bar, hoop, 
rod and sheet iron of all kinds, but no nails ; these are made at Sable I. W. at the 
upper end of Pittsburg, see No. 162. Used some Juniata blooms. Used 800 to 
1000 tons Superior ore in both mills in a year. Has stopped since Oct. 1, 1857. 
Made from Aug. 1, 1856, to Aug. 1, 1857, 7085 tons of finished iron. In the year 
before about 6300 tons. (Mr. Adams.) There are several points of interest about 
the arrangement of this mill. It is an oblong square siding to the street, with 
warehouses opposite on the river bank, and a little building with two spike, and 
a R. R. chair and punch machines capable of turning out 8 or 10 tons a day. In 
this oblong square the puddling furnaces line the east, and east end of the south 
walls, encircling a scrap furnace, the Burden squeezer, the muck rolls and en- 
gine fly, on the opposite (north) side of which are a 10 and an 8 inch train (the 
whole running transverse the building), east of which, in front, are three heating 
furnaces. Behind all and in the centre of the building stand the boilers and 
stack, with 4 shears worked in connection under ground, and two sets of straight- 
ening bars. The west half is given up to a similarly transverse running series of 
sheet, bar and hoop trains, with another engine, and beside it (to the south) an 
annealing and a large heating furnace. Four heating furnaces face (west) the bar 
and hoop trains. One of the small trimming shears is very neat, being a bird's 
head rising like a post and worked by a rod under the pavement. The .straight- 
ening rods are two ranges of iron bars let vertically down into parallel iron 
troughs and keyed parallel. Between these the hoops and bars are left to cool. 
(J. P. L.) 

156. SHEFFIELD' Rolling Mill (or Forge).— On the south side of the Mononga- 
hela, % mile below the bridge, has 5 converters, 2 engines, and 6 forge fires for 
making char blooms. Makes vices, axles, springs, spring steel, and some pud- 
dled iron. Stopped in September or October 1857. Lost 4 weeks. lSo4, con- 
sumed 1200 tons pig ; lost 4 weeks. 1835, consumed 1200 pig, 2000 bloom, 400 
scrap ; lost 5 weeks. 1856, lost 3 weeks. (Corr.) 

157 EAGLE Rolling Mills —In borough of East Pittsburg, on left bank of Ohio 
River, mouth of Sawmill Run, 1 mile below the Monongahela bridge. Owners, 
.Tames Wood, Robt. B. Sterling, Jas. O. H. Sealley, James I. "Wood, and Chas. A. 
Wood Has 2 engines 150 horse power, 2 Burden squeezers, 6 shears, 36 nail, 1 cut 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 
United States in and for the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylvania. 



FORGES. 



150 

AMERICAN IKON ASSOCIATION. 



TABLE I— 



SITUATION. 



OWNERS ; P. 0. ADDRESS : LESSEES AXD MANAGERS. 



WHEN 
BUILT OR 
REBUILT. 



14. TENNESSEE. 



478. Randolph. 

479. Biron. 

480. Yellow Creek. 

481. Valley. 

482. Blooming Grove. 

483. Water 

484. Henry Clay. 

485. Patterson. 

486. TurnbuU. 

487. Wliite Bluff. 

488. Hurricane. 



6 miles N.W. of Cumberland I. W'ks. 
3 miles west of Bowling Green. 
At Yellow Creek Furnace. 
6 miles S. E. of Cross Creek Furnace. 

3 miles northeast of Valley Forge. 

4 miles N. W. of Henry Clay Forge. 
20 miles south of Clarksville. 

At Narrows of Harpeth (River). 

25 miles west of Nashville. 
29 miles west of Nashville. 
9 miles southeast of Waverly. 



Woods, Lewis & Co. A. P. Parrish, assist, man. Cumb'd I. W. P. 0. Stewart. 1852 

H. H. HoUister & Bro., owners. H. H. H., man. Bowling Green P. 0. Stewart. 1830* 

R. Steel & Co., owners. Jno. McPaniel & A. Brigham, managers. Montgomery. 1810 

Jordan, Brother & Co., owners. Clarksville P. 0. Montgomery. 1852 

S. R. Cook & Co., owners. S. R. C, manager. New York P. 0. Montgomery. Very old. 

Jackson, McKieman & Co., owners. Montoomery. 180S 

Theo. Hicks Baxter, owner and manager. Barton's Creek P. O. Dickson. 1837* 

Jas. L. Bell, owner. A. W. Turner, manager. Chestnut Grove P. 0. Cheatham. ? 

Wm. C. Napier. Jno. Hall, manager. Charlotte P. O., Dickson Co. Davidson. 1815* '47 

Kurr & Hutchison. Jno. Hall, manager. Charlotte P. 0., Dickson Co. Dickson. 1828 

Geo. Hillman, owner and manager. Empire I. W. P. O., Lyon Co., Ky. Humphreys. 1839 



15. ARKANSAS. 


489. Big Creek. 


6 m. S. by W. Smithville, T. 16, R. 4. 


Alfred Bevens & Co., owner.?. A. Bevens, sup't. Calamine P. 0. 


Lawrence. 


1857 


16. MISSOURL 


490. ValM. 

491. Pilot Knob. 

492. Maramec. 


17 miles N. of E. from Iron Mountain. 
6 miles south from lion Mountain. 
80 miles W. S. W. of St. Louis. 


Prewitt & Patterson, owners. Jno. Patterson, man. Farmington P. 
Pilot Knob Iron Co. J. B. Bailey, managei-. Pilot Knob P. 0. 
Wm. James, lessee and manager. Maramec I. W. P. 0. 


St. Francis. 

Iron. 

Crawford. 


1852 
1849 
1847 


17. MICHIGAN. 


493. Collins I. W. 

494. Forrest I. W. 

495. Jackson I. W. 


3 miles W. N. W. of Marquette. 
Near Marquette. 
Near Marquette. 


Collins Iron Co. C. A. Trowbridge, of Detroit, Mich., treas. & sec'y. 
Forrest Iron Co. Peter Wliite, mortgagee. 
Jackson Iron Co. Not in operation. 


Marquette. 
Marquette. 

JiARQUETTE. 


1835 
? 



ROLLING MILL NOTES— Continued. 



spike, 1 pressed spike machines, and 1 saw ; 1 steel converting furnace with an 
annual producing capacity of about 600 tons. Annual consumption about 8000 
tons pig, 600 char, bl., 1000 scrap, 700,000 bus. bit. coal, 2-3000 bush, charcoal; 
and about 100 bbls. tar grease and oil. "Our production is about 2500 tons bar, 
500 tons sheet, 2500 tons small iron, .50,000 kegs nails and spikes, 5000 kegs cut and 
5000 kegs R. R. spikes, .500 tons plough steel, 500 tons charcoal iron." Employ 
300 men and boys and 10 horses. Stop about 6 weeks each year. Will answer for 
last 4 years. Steel furnace erected in spring of 1856. The production in 18.53 was 
not quite as large as above by about 5 per cent. (Corr.)— Stopped Sept 1, 1857, for 
one month ; ran a little and stopped last Oct. 6, 1857. Runs two turns except in 
the hot weeks of summer. Nail factory at one end of an L building ; puddling 
furnaces at the other. 2 engines, 2 burden squeezers, 1 small tilt hammer. (J. 
P. L., Jan. 2, 1858.) 

158. PENNSYLVANIA FORGE Rolling Mill.— On the north side of the Monon- 
gahela, a mile above the bridge, was built by Everson & Co., and consists of two 
parts separated by the street. The large mill under the cliffs has an arrangement 
which admits of no clear verbal description, except that the puddling furnaces 
and Burden squeezer are at the east end, the boilers and stack occupy the centre, 
cast and west of which are two engines, and northwest of it a Nasniyth hammer 
of medium size. In the river mill is a third engine and a large trip hammer. 
There is a muck and bar, and a small train. 

159. KENSINGTON Rolling Mill.— On the north side of the Monongahela, at 
Pipetown, )i mile below the last, between the street and the river, and i^ mile 
above the bridge ; has a merchant bar, a small and a sheet train, one Burden 
squeezer, and one trip hammer. 

161. WAYNE Rolling Mill.— At the foot of Wayne Street on the Allegheny River, 
was built in 1829 by Mr. Oliphant, and enlarged in 1835 by the present owners, 
(Jno. H. Brown of Philadelphia) to its present size. Brown, Miltcnberger and 
Company ran it for some years from 1840* and during their time the Bessemer 
process is said to have been tried in the mill, as much as 17 years ago. Stopped 
work in July 1857, and up to date (Feb. 20, '58) have not resumed. Has 2 en- 
gines and used to make sheet iron, but now only bar, guide and nail. " Consump- 
tion in '50, 7000 pig, beside scrap and bloom. Production in 1S52, 4500 tons of 
assorted iron ; in 18,53 '4, 4600* 46 weeks ; 1854 '5, 4600, 44 weeks ; 1855 '6, 6000* 
52 weeks ; 1856 '7, 4500* 39* weeks, the mill doing its very best in 1855 '6." It 
occupies a broken parallelogram 150* x 170* ft. The nail machines being under 
a separate roof; see plan. Wayne followed Sligo in putting up the first Burden 
squeezers used in the west. Wayne used 91 to 93 bushels coal to ton of assorted 
iron, whereas Missouri (No. 182) used as high as 105. (Griesemer.) 

162. SABLE (old LIPPINCOTT) Rolling MiU— At the foot of Walnut Street, 
is divided by Etna Street into two parts, the mill being 1.50 feet square with the 
trains along the Etna Street side, and the nail factory. Established originally as 
1). shovel factory by Zeb. Packard in 1828, it became a R. Mill in 1830* and was started 
ftgain in 1845 by Graff, Lindsay & Co. Its name was changed in 18,51 and 4 pud. 
furn. added in 1852. In Aug. 1853, it was taken by Zug, Lindsay & Co. , and many 
l}ew na.iI machines sodded in 1S55. The firm changed to its present style in Aug 
1856. Managed by A. Adams since spring of 1857. It makes nails, bar, sheeti 
and hoop largely. Has two engines ; 1 scrap, 1 anneal. 1 sheet furn. 2 heatingand 
1 billet and 2 small ni^il plate furnaces in the nail factory (all included in the 11 
of the table), 4 shears und 1 R. R. chair machine disused. 1 train nail plate and 
one 8 in. train, in the n!(il factory. Capacity 80-90,000 kegs of nails, not much 
increased since 1854. In 1837 made .56,000 kegs of nails, part of the machines 
being stopped in October. " Consumed from Aug. '56 to Aug. '67, 7000 tons pig, 
219 t, bloom, scrap unknown. Produced 1854 '5, 4500? tons pig; 1855 '6 same? 
(guessed at), 1856'7, 6500."* The ealoulatiou of tiflie lost is half a furnace per 
day. 

163. JUNJATA B, Mill No. 1 .— Usej 4000 t. pig, 500 t. bloom, 300 t. scvap in 



1819, and was soon after abandoned. There is no vestige of it. Its site is occu- 
pied by a vice factory. 

164. JUNIATA Rolling Mill No. 2.— Between Mechanic, Pike, Adams Streets and 
the Allegheny River, was established by Dr. P. Shoenberger in 1826, and is man- 
aged by Mr. Crawford & Brother in the mill, and Mr. Myers in the factory. Stop- 
ped Oct. 1857, 3 months, and started 4 January 1858. Nothing but a plan will 
suffice to describe the works, which face the river bank, along which stand the 
Iron House and the refinery, in which are 6 heating furnaces for the use of the 
forge, ending in pairs into three stacks, and in line with them the refinery, the 
metal of which is run out into water pans, 3 inches deep. A "doctor" at the cor- 
ner pumps river water for the works. In front of the refinery is a steel converter, 
" converting 60 tons every three weeks," occupying one corner of the "New Mill" 
at the east end of which is the new nail factory with 20 machines, and 2 keg 
rooms. An open way on the south separates from the "Old MiU" at the E. end 
of which is the " nail factory with 11 machines;" and beyond, further east is the 
" Little Mill" with its 19 nail machines. Three steam engines drive the whole. 
(See plan.) (J. P. L.) 

1854. Consumed 6450 pig, 1405 bloom, 500 scrap, to make 7332 bar, plate, nail, and 
878 bloom.— 1855 consumed 791.3, 1923, 650, to make 1014 bloom, 2680 bar, 1854 
sheet and plate, and (82,293 kegs =) 4116 nail. — 18.56 consumed 6978 J^, 1950, 525, 
to make 890 blooms, 3169 bar, 1677 sheet plate (60,580 kegs =) 3029 nail. (Corr.) 

165. DUQUESNE RoUing MiU.— 312 feet on the Allegheny east bank and on Etna 
Street, and originally 200 but now 400 feet deep, was established in 1846 by the 
present owners, and has 3 engines, 3 hammers, 1 Burden squeezer, and 3 convert- 
ing furnaces "making 150 tons of steel every three weeks." The puddling fur- 
naces stand in two rows parallel with the river, at the river or west end of the 
quadrangle, or rather in the northwest corner. In front of them stands the bur- 
den squeezer, at the west end of the series of muck train, iron for steel, and sheet 
train, fly-wheel (engine to the south), and steel plate train ; north of which stand 
two heating furnaces, and south of the sheet train an annealing and two heating 
furnaces and a T hammer, near the engine. A second engine just south of the 
first drives a ,,12 and an ,,8 train with two pairs of heating furnaces facing them 
on the south. On the other (west) side of this engine is a small train and two 
axle forging hammers. The rest of the southwest corner is taken up with lathes, 
&c. the same in the second story, while the grinding and pumping is down in the 
cellar with another engine. The southeast corner is occupied by the spring heat- 
ing, shearing, punching, and hammering department. The northeast corner by the 
nail factory. — Hereafter one of the heating furnaces at the end of the puddle range 
will be used as a puddling furnace. The works went full until Aug. 1, 1857, since 
when they have not turned out one-fourth of the usual quantity. Lake Superior 
and Champlain ores are both used ; all kinds of pig metal ; Juniata, Tennessee, 
and even Missouri blooms ; and a great deal of scrap. (J. P. L. Jan. 4, '58.) — 1855 
consumed 5800 t. pig, 1420 t. bloom. (Corr.) 

166. LORENZ Rolling Mil!.— On the west side of the Allegheny, opposite the 
Lawrenceville Arsenal and ferry, 3 miles above Pittsburg, was established by 
Stewart, Lloyd & Co. 1850, and managed since April 1, 1856, by Mr. J. I. Williams, 
who built the Scioto Mill at Portsmouth, No. 196. It is a long narrow rectangle 
on the bank of the canal, over which rise two inclined planes from the river, to a 
railroad, which encircles the mill and drops coal into the puddlers' and heaters' 
bins. One of its heating was made a puddling furnace in 1857. Two of its nail, 
are spike or rivet machines. It has 1 nail plate heat, f., 5 shears, 1 trip, 1 Burden, 
2 engines, with 4 boilers in each set to a stack. Two of its shears are worked 
with a cam and heavy fly-wheel driven by a band from rod and bevel wheel 
gearing overheard, as in some of the eastern mills, and geared 3 to 1. The ar- 
rangement is all lengthwise ; beginning at the north end, occupied by nail ma- 
chines flanked by grindstones west, stack and boilers and nail shears east, a line 
of trains take down the centre, first nail train (shears and 2 heating furnaces west,) 



151 



CONTINUED 



OFFICE 141 S. EIGHTH ST., PHILADELPHIA. 



May 1, 1858. 



NCMBER OP FIRES 




Kind 

of 

power. 



CONSUMPTION ISoB 



PRODUCTION. 



1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 

Wks. Wks. Wks. Wks. 

Bl's. Bara. Bl's. Bars. Bl's. Bars. Bl's. Bars. 



Kind 

of 

manufacture. 



14. TENNESSEE. 



478. Randolph 

479. Biron 

480. Yellow Creek 

481. Valley 

482. Blooming Grove 

483. Water 

484. Henry Clay 

485. Patterson 

486. Turnbull 

487. White Bluff 

488. Hurricane 



Steam 
Steam 



1 Water 



1 '2 
1 H 

'0 '0 



Steam 
Steam 

Water 
Steam 
Water 

Water 
Water 



. 4(in* 
. .500* 
.1400* 
. 825 



2088)^ .. ? 

.. 900 34* 

350 . . 25 

1200 . . 7 

? .. ? 



2247 . . ? 

.. 300* 18* 

400 . . 30 

100* . . ? 

? .. ? 



2475 . . ? 

.. 300* 20* 

375 . . 32 

937 . . ? 

650* .. 24* 



'0 Water 



180* .. 48* 210 .. 10* 
376 5 48 153 20 48* 

Abandoned some years 



Abandoned. 
50 8 40* 
ago. 



2689 >i .. 48 Blooms. 

50 ? Bars, moulds. 

410 .. 3.5 Blooms. 

1050 .. 42 Blooms. 

1009 .. 46 Blooms. 

Bars. 

Blooms. 

Blooms. 

Abandoned. Blooms. 

Abandoned. Blooms, bars. 
Bars. 



15. ARKANSAS. 


489. Arkansas 


2 




.. 1 


Water 


65 . . . . 


.. .. not built. 


not built. 


notbxiilt. 


25 8 8 


Bars, blooms. 


16. MISSOUEI. 


490. Vall^ 


9 
'0 



. . n . . 
.. ^ .. 

6.. 


.. n 
.. ^ 

.. 3 


Steam 
Steam 
Water 






Stopped. 
675 190 41 


Not running. 
728 177 40 


Not running. 
821 198 45 


Blooms 


491. Pilot Knob 




? ? 




492. Maramec 




617 181 38 


Blooms, bars. 










17. MICHIGAN. 


493. Collins I. W. 

494. Forrest I. W. 


•t 
'2 




.. 2 


Water 


690* .. .. 


. . . . Not erected. 


Erecting. 


450* . . 25 
Not in' 


450* . . 26 
operation. 


Blooms. 


495. Jackson I. W. 























ROLLING MILL NOTES—Continued. 



then fly-wheel transverse and engine east, then ,,12 train. Then come an „8 train 
(fly-wheel shears east), aud bar train (fly-wheel shears east, and 3 heating fur- 
naces west), driven by second transverse fly-wheel (engine east), with shears next 
west and trip hammer next east, and boilers and stacli at the wall east ; then the 
Burden, the muck, the plate train, an anneal, f. and a heat, f., and three pairs of 
puddling furnaces, all in a straight line. Facing these intervals on the east, with 
a bloom way between, are 4 more pair of puddling furnaces. In the nail factory 
(by a simple and convenient but old arrangement not peculiar to this mill) 
pipes through the floor allow the nails made by each machine to drop into a sepa- 
rate bin, holding say ten kegs, so that the nails are at once got out of the way, 
and the packer below can attend to each without hurry or confusion. The mill 
uses now say 400 tons Lake Charaplain ore ; have used charcoal cinders. Uses 4r-5 
anthracite pig, 1-5 Allegheny or Hanging rock. Uses Juniata and sometimes Ten- 
nessee blooms ; and scrap for fagotting and in the furnaces. — "The mill made 
about 7000 tons from Aug. 1, '55 to Aug. 1, ^56, 11 months, working part of the time 
double." In 1857 stopped 4 weeks in Oct. and Nov. beside the usual month in 
midsummer. The nail mill made in 20 weeks ("ten pays") previous to April 1, 
18.56, an exact average of 470 kegs a week ; since that an average of 600 kegs. Has 
made 700 one week, and 140 one day. Stopped Dec. 1, 1857. Will start again Jan. 
11, '53, and probably continue going. Coal from up and down the river; no coke. 
(Mr. W. Jan. 4, '58.) (J. P. L.) 

167. ETNA EoUing Mill. — On Pine Creek one mile from its month, west side of 
the Allegheny River, established 1828 by Spang & Son, was running up to Dec. 2.5, 
1857, very regularly for the four years, making merchant bar, boiler iron, nails, 
gas and steam pipe, &c. Has 2 steam engines, 2 spike and one rivet machine (of 
the 24) and has added one puddling furnace during the 4 years. Uses Lake ores 
to line, and nearly all charcoal cold pig (no coke iron) and some anthracite iron for 
nails ; Juniata blooms for boiler plate, heavy sheeting and rivets ; and has 2 scrap 
furnaces. Makes 1000 — 1200 tons of nails, 12 — 1500 tons of nails, rivets and spikes. 
"Makes of all kinds 5 or 6000 tons." 

168. VESUVIUS Rolling Mill.— On the canal, west side the Allegheny River, J^ 
mile above the end of the Sharpsburg Bridge ; built by present owners in 184.5 as 
a very small affair, has been increasing ever since. Two years ago six new pud- 
dling furnaces were added to the south or forge end, and a new nail train and en- 
gine to the north end. Tlie trains run lengthwise of the long narrow building, and 
the puddling aud heating furnaces occupy confusedly both sides ; the old nail fac- 
tory cuts across the centre, with its stock rooms, grindstones and bins, and the 
new stack and boilers occupy the N. E. corner. The arrangement is contracted 
and iuconvenient. — "The mill made 6000 tons in 1856," but since Oct. 1, 1857, has 
run but a day or two occasionally. It has a Burden squeezer ; sheet, muck, 
plate, nail, and bar trains, and a railroad around over the furnace coal bins. 

169. KITTANNING Rolling Mill and Foundry.— On bank of the Allegheny River 
between it aud the Allegheny Valley R. R., 10 perches from each, 42 miles above 
Pittsburg. Make bar iron, nails and castings. In 1854 the Kittanning mill made 
189,000 lbs. nails and spikes, 2168}^ tons bar iron and 133J/^ tons castings ; had 2 
boiling and one heating furnace ; used bituminous coal chiefly ; coke in the finery 
and cupola ; charcoal in the knobling furnace ; day turn only. The foundry had 
one air and one cupola furnace. — (Corr. Feb. 19, '55.) — 1S54, consumed 3040 tons 
pig, 19 tons bloom, 25^2 tons scrap, to inalve about 2-350 tons, losing nearly 2 months. 
1855, consumed 3300, 16J.i, 50, to make about 3100 t. iron, nails and castings, los- 
ing 1 month. (Corr. Feb. 1S5C.) 

170. BRADY'S BEND Rolling Mill.— ("Great Western,") (Brady's Bend Iron 
Company) situated at Brady's Bend 71 m. by water and 60 m. by laud above Pitts- 
burg. In 1854 consumed 10,679 t. coke and 518J^ t. charcoal metal to make 8510J^ t. 
rail. In 1856 consumed 10,203 tons coke metal and 1.368 tons charcoal metal to make 
7534 tons of rails. Made 1851, 5618Ji tons ; 1852, 6683% tons ; 1853, 9030>i tons. 



&c. Stopped summer 1854, 3 months for want of water. In 1855 the mill ran 4 
weeks only, and in 1856 only 8 months, counting all stoppages. (Corr.) 

171. FRANKLIN Rolling Mill.— Near mouth of French Creek, 69 miles N. of 
Pittsburg, 60 miles S. of Erie, near Susquehanna and Waterford turnpike. Has 
not been in operation for more than 3 years. The works are for sale. 

172. SHARON Rolling Mill. — In Mercer Co. Pa., on the east bank of the Che- 
nango, }i mile above the Sharon bridge. Late manager Joseph McCIure, now of 
Clarksville, Mercer Co. Ceased to roll iron and to make nails and spikes in the 
fall of 1855. Commenced making steel in the fall of 1856. Has 4 (5?) steel con- 
verters and 20 melting furnaces, one of which converts 25 tons, and the others 
each 10. Has 3 pairs of rolls in one train driven by the original engine, one trip 
hammer, one Burden squeezer, 5 trains of rolls belonging to the old mill (pud- 
dling bar, small mill, bar mill, sheet, and nail mill), 16 cut nail and 3 spike ma- 
chines. Made 33,600 kegs of nails in 1854, and 7000 in 1855 ; besides a good deal 
of boiler iron, but not much sheet. The patent for making steel direct from Lake 
Superior ore, is one of G. Hand Smith's, of Rochester, N. T., and is not considered 
successful in this instance. (Sharon J. C.) 

173. ORIZABA Rolling Mill. — Alongside of Sharon Furnace (see No. 447) ; built 
about 1846 as a small sheet mill, by Brown & Higgs, of the Cosalo Works (Jos. 
Brown, now of Youngstown, Ohio, see Phcenix Rolling Mill). The year after 
Pittsburg partners were received, and the mill has increased ever since until it 
equals the largest class mills of that city. Its trains stand in a line in the follow- 
ing order under one great roof: Going west — small train; bar train; flywheel; 
Burden squeezer ; muck train ; nail plate train. 25 nail machines and 1 wrought 
spike occupy the east end, 2 beating furnaces stand south of the small train, and 
3 north of the nail train ; the engine and boilers south of the fly-wheel ; S single 
puddling furnaces in a semicircle facing (and north of) the muck train ; and 8 
more in a line parallel with the trains, 100 ft. further north under a separate roof. 
In a separate nail mill, are 2 heating furnaces and 24 nail machines, a large en- 
gine, driving also 4 grindstones, a keg-making sawmill, and fire brick machinery, 
the bricks dried in a building in the rear and burnt in two kilns further on. A 
hanging R. R. slightly down grade runs the nail plates from the large mill to the 
second nail factory. Made in 1856, 3397 kegs wrought spikes and 84,176 kegs as- 
sorted nails. Made 1857, 815 t. nail plate, 41^ t. nails and spikes, 827}^ t. finished 
iron = 1683 t. in 27 weeks (losing 2, 3 and 4 days a week, and stopping from June 
27 to Sept. 5). At present repairing (Dec. 29, 1857). Started Jan. 10, 1855, under 
present proprietors. Previous records not obtainable. July 14, 1855, to Dec. 22, 
1856, pig used 1290,,4 t. ; muck made 1204,, 10 t. ; scrap 2,,4 t. Lake Superior ore 
used for lining. From July 14 '55, to Dec. 27 '56, furnace made 6253 ^i pig, and 
the mill 5727 >i muck ; loss = 526 t. or l-12th. 

174. COSALO EoUing Mill. — Between the Shenango and Neshannoc, on the 
canal at the south end of Newcastle was built in 1839 or '40, by Jas. D. White, of 
Cumberland Valley, who ran it a few months and sold it to the Crawfords, in 
whose family it has been ever since. It was built for a bar, sheet and boiler plate 
mill, with 4 or 5 nail machines. It now has a bar mill (not set up), a muck, small 
and nail trains, 2 wrought spike machines and a Burden squeezer. It wa* built 
as a water mill, but uses two engines, with boilers on the ground. Uses up 
raw coal metal, and only scrap and Lake ore for lining the puddling furnaces, 
and occasionally some old rails. In the latter part of 1853 and beginning of 1854 
it made 4 or 5000 tons of the Winslow split rail for the Clinton and Columbus road, 
but these being run over with the old rolling stock, the faces and flanges of which 
bore directly on the edge of the rail and not on its flat face, the rails were rolled 
out sharp and had to be taken up, and are now being re-rolled at the Cambria 
works and elsewhere, "and are in high repute for the excellence of their stuff." 
Since then the mill has run upon nails and small iron (dandy tyre— next size below 
wagon tyre), down to K round and square. Fuel (both here and at Orizaba) 
from the 4 " foot vein," 400 feet above the creek, called the 5 foot vein at Conue- 



152 



coaessing, and underlying only about 1>^ mile square of the highest hill-top in 
this neighborhood, 4 miles to the north of this, between the two streams. Over 
it is a fine ore, but thin, and too distant to haul, (Mr. C, Dec. 29, 1807, J. P. L.) 

17.5. MAHONING Rolling Mill.— 300 yds. above the Phoinix Furnace (No. 460), 
on the north side of tlie canal, 65 miles S. E of Cleveland, Makes bar iron and 
nails; produced in 18.)4 nothing; in IS.).') consumed 750 t. pig, 20 t. scrap, to 
mal<e in 6 months 6,)00 kegs of nails and 2.30 tons of bars ; and in 1856 consumed 
2500 t, bars, 50 t, scraps, in 10 months, to make 19,000 kegs of nails and 925 tons 
of iron. (Correspondence.) 

176. FALCOiNf Rolling Mill.— On the north side of Mahoning Creek, Trumbull 
Co. Ohio, at the bridge in Nilestown, 5 miles below Warren ; was built 1841 and 
enlarged 1853, with a new set of machinery, sheet mill and balling furnaces, all 
driven by a 100 horse power engine ; a new engine of 125 horse power was substi- 
tuted in the same year. Previously the mill had made bars and nails. Now 
make but few nails. The iiscal year begins July 1. Lose about a month each 
year. Stopped Jan. 1856 a second month in that year. At first in 1854 it was found 
very difBcult to obtain good hands ; no such trouble encountered now. From July 
'56 to July 57, 11 months, made 4,092,773 lbs. merchant bar, 1,182,678 nails, .5,354 
wrought spikes (in one machine) =2,352 tons. The mill has a burden squeezer 
and a hammer, a muck, a sheet, a nail, a merchant bar and an 8 in. train. Uses 
up raw coal hot blast iron chiefly from Briar Hill Furnace No. 462, and "it is not 
needful to mix with cold blast charcoal iron, as it makes as good iron for locomo- 
tive purposes, car axles and wheels as any in the United States." (J. W.) There 
are two brands B and B B, refined and double refined. Lake Superior and Cham- 
plain blooms are rolled for specific purposes. (Dec. 29, '57, J. P. L.) 

177. RAIL ROAD Rolling Mill.— Rail Road Iron Works, on the Lake Shore 
Road, with a coal branch from the Pittsburg and Cleveland Road, went into ope- 
ration Aug. 1856, and ran a year with 4 heating furnaces, in a building 120 X 80 ft. 
The plan was found inconvenient and the furnaces pulled down and re-erected ; a 
north wing added of 120 X 20 for a munching, cooling and straightening room ; 
and a south wing of 170 X 36, in which 4 new heating furnaces were erected ; each 
two furnaces beside and heating a steam boiler. In the centre, break down and 
finishing trains, driven by a 1.50 horse engine (south). On the west a saw driven 
by a small engine ; and another small engine (S. W. corner) to pump. Six of the 8 
furnaces run constantly, 2 are always in repair. Break down at night and finish by 
day. Use old rail, and a good deal of Mahoning muck bar. Make now 216 rail's 
(40 gross tons) a day. Make 57 to 62 lb. rails. Lost 6 weeks rebuilding in mid- 
sunTmer, and a month in September. Coal Hammondsville, very fine; no clinker, 
very little sulphur. (J. P. L., Jan. 7, '58.) Made 6,000 gross tons of rail in 1857. 
(A. G. Smith, Prest., March 2, '58.) 

178. NEWBURG Rolling Mill.— Newburg Rolling Mill, 300 yds. N. E of New- 
burg Station, Pittsburg and Cleveland R. R., with a 100 yds. of branch road to the 
north side of the mill, lies east and west, with an engine of 126 horse power in 
the centre; large rail break down, and finishing trains running outcast, and a 
merchant bar, rod, guide and a roughing and finishing 28 lb. T rail train, west. 
Two boilers ending in a high stack outside, south, stand before each train, and 
each double set of boilers is fed with flame sideways by a heating furnace, ending 
on to it, and presenting its side to the trains of rolls. Thus the furnaces and boilers 
alternate all along the side of the mill, and each furnace and boiler is entii'ely 
separate from the rest, and works alone The mill is to be enlarged by the erection 
of more furnaces and boilers on the same line eastward, and by another engine 
and muck train and puddling furnaces beyond, all eastward. *A small engine in 
the S. W. corner fans, turns and pumps, and a smaller engine still in the N. E. 
corner saws and pumps. The tank is over the south end of the great engine. 
The mill started 6 weeks ago (Jan. 6, 1858) rolling rails for the Lake Shore Road, 
and made say 300 tons It can at present turn off 28 tons a day, breaking down 
the old rails at night. (J. P. L.) 

^179. ZANESVILLE Rolling Mill.— Zanesville Rolling Mill, on the bank of the 
Muskingum, built about 1847 by the Zanesville R. M. Co., principally Welsh, and 
then bought by Campbell, Peters & Co., of Ironton, about Jan. 1856 after the mill 
had lain idle two years. The mill was enlarged 6 or 8 years ago, and rearranged 
by the present owners like the old mill at Ironton, for a bar, sheet, nail and axle 
mill. The sheet train is however not yet up. One hammer and furnace are for 
axles. The muck, rough, small and sheet rolls are all in two trains straight across 
the fly-wheel engine line. Has a doctor engine for squeezing. Water from the 
City Water Works. Began to run three months ago and has worked up 6 or 700 
tons of iron to Jan. 1, '58. (Mr. Campbell. J. P. L.) 

ISO. COLUMBUS Iron Works.— Columbus Iron Works, on the Scioto River, 
east side between the Bridge and the Prison, has been managed by Mr. Series 
since 1849 (Oct.) and been increased ever since, working up at present from 100 
to 150 tons per week of Ironton cold blast pigs. Lake Superior ore and Missouri 
blooms, into bar iron from X t" 2J^ □ and 0, hoop iron from ;^ in. to 6 inches, and 
rod and wire iron down to No. 36. Much of this is used up in the prison shops 
where Mr. Haydn has 140 hands making buckles (each part made separately by 
machinery), snaps, saddle trees, &c. The forge hammers axles of all kinds, and 
has a heating furnace and 4 forge fires and the tilt hammer in the table. This 
mill makes a great deal of telegraph wire, and broom wire, for which Missouri 
blooms are used. The Missouri iron is also exclusively used for casting bits and 
other harness gear which has to be annealed (in square iron cups luted to each 
other and kept red hot for a week). The coal used is Hocking coal. The first pud- 
dling furnace was added 1850. The trains are a muck, a 12 and an 8 inch. 

181. JEFFERSON Rolling Mlll.—In the lower part of Steubenville, 73 miles below 
Pittsburg; was built by Frazer, Kilgore & Co., all of Steubenville, in the fall of 
1854, to make bar, small guide hoop sheet and 2,000 kegs of nails per week. At 
present runs solely on nails; has never made more than half time. Ran more 
regularly than usual early part of the year ; but stopped since Sep. 5, 18.57. Has 
2 engines of 160 horse power each, 1 annealing and 1 extra slab sheet furnace. 
Use Lake Champlain ore for lining; and all kinds of iron from Columbia Pa., and 
Tennessee; no blooms. Ultimate capacity 6-7,000 1. manufact. iron. Made in 1854 
not over 2,700 kegs ; 18.55 40,000; 1856 ,50,000 ; 1857 30,000. Uses coal from 6 ft. 
vein opposite, "which has less sulphur than Wheeling bed, but cakes more," 80 
bush, to the ton of assorted sizes as turned out. (Mr. Greesimer manager at Etna 
(No. 168) from 1829 to 1834; at Missouri (No. 211) from 1834 to 1846, at Wayne (No. 
162) 1846 to 18.52, at St. Louis (No. 209) from 1852 to 1855). 

Note. — Of the 7 Wheeling mills which extend for 5 miles along the river, La 
Belle is the only one in operation (Feb. 1858) and the best appointed, although in- 
ferior in size to the Crescent. "The average cost of first class melal in 1857 was 
about $29 50 per ton." The preference is pretty .generally given to Lake Superior 
and Missouri ores for lining, although large quantities of Clianiplain ore are used 
to mix. Some of these mills will probably run again in two or three months." 
(J. L., Jun., corr.) 

182. MISSOURI Rolling Mill (old WHEELING Mill).— Just within the northern 



limits of Wheeling ; was renamed when rebuilt after the fire of 1854. (Went into 
operation May 20, '54.) Mill 206 ft. X 110 ft., two stacks and great boilers outside. 
Has 2 engines, one with 6 cyl. boilers and the other or nail engine with 2 double 
Hue boilers. Has one wrought spike machine. Out of the 4,000 tons pig, 1856, 
500 t. blooms were worked in 4 charcoal fires (see plan). Hence this mill includes 
a Forge. Made 1857, 6* months, 2,000 t. bar, sheet, boiler slabs, nails and small 
merchant iron. Now idle. (J. L., Jun., Feb. '58.) 

183. CRESCENT Rolling Mill.— South .side Wheeling Creek. Said to be the largest 
mill in the West, but not well situated, a long parallelogram, slightly bent, 
330 X 110 ft., with the trains in a straight line along the middle, the stack and 
boilers in the centre of one long side, and the heating and double puddling furuaces 
along the other and the single puddling furnaces in pairs at the far end (see plan)-. 
No information could be obtained about production, except that its capacity was 
double that of the Washington (No. 188), which will produce about 20 t. a day of 
finished rail. 

184. EAGLE Rolling Mill and Forge. — On the river; makes not only bar iron, 
but wire and R. R. axles and general forging. Consumed in 1855, 1,780 t. pig, to 
make 1,.503 t. bar, losing 4 weeks. The puddlers' strike stopped the mill all 1S56, 
and it has been idle ever since. (Feb. 1858.) 

185. BELMONT Rolling Mill.— In the 5th Ward, south end of Wheeling, with a 
switch into the Bait. & Ohio R. R. ; is a broken parallelogram, 216 X 130, with an 
addition at the end of a nail factory 1.50 X 90, well arranged, trains along centre 
in line with nail machines, stack and boilers east side, pairs of pud. f. along west 
or river side. A muck and a sheet train. 1854, consumed 2,658 t. pig, to produce 
2,379 t. nails, by 12 boiling f. and 34 nail machines, with one engine, losing 14 wks. 
1855, consumed' 4,375 t. pig, to make 3,760 t. cut nails, lost 4 wks. 1856, consumed 
3,293 t. pig, to make 3,004 t. cut nails, losing 14 weeks by strike and 8 weeks from 
other causes. (Corr., Feb. 13, '57.) Out. (Feb. 1858.) 

186. LA BELLE Rolling Mill.-- In "Caldwell's Addition," bet. Wheeling and 
Soutli Wheeling ; commenced work first Jan. 18.53 ; added 3 pud. f. fall of 1855 ; is 
the only mill running and has no intention of stopping ; make only nails — casting 
its own dies, using chilled iron instead of steel and making admirable nails of 
more than a hundred kinds, ranging from a fine 2d up to a 7 inch spike ; finishing 
nails of great beauty, and a clinch nail excelling the English wrought nail for all 
practical purposes. Prefers Missouri ore ; uses Lake Superior in preference to 
Lake Champlain. Has 2 reheating fur. in nail factory, besides the 3 heating fur. 
in the table. Has one engine (with 4 boilers) 2S]/2 inch. diam. X 6 ft. stroke. All 
the machinery of the mill is made of great strength. The mill property is large. 
A fine avenue of trees leads past the proprietors' houses to the works, behind 
which rise the cliffs containing coal. 

187. WASHINGTON Rolling Mill.— In South Wheeling, on the river, was started 
in its present shape in 18.53 by Drakely, Sweeny & Co., but was previously a small 
bar mill run by Cooper & Harris. New machinery was added in 1853-4 and rails 
made. 1856, commenced 3,083 t. pig, 286 t. old rails to make 2,355 t. railroad iron, 
losing 29 days, starting May 10th single turn on puddling furuaces to July 25th, 
after which double turn. The mill is a parallelogram, 185 ft. on the river by about 
100 deep, heat. f. stack and boilers and oven at south end ; trains ending on the 
river; rail cooling ground and smith's forge occupy north half; issuing from 
middle of west side runs off an alley of puddling furnaces, 1, 2, 2, 1 on each side 
facing each other, under a roof 100 X 50. See plan. (J. L. Jun.) 

188. VIRGINIA Rolling Mill.— In the village of Benwood ; was bnilt 1852-3 by 
Gill, Kelley & Co. Style changed in 1855 to Kelley, Hollowell & Co., and sold to 
A. Wilson 'Kelly 1857. Makes only nails. Has 2 engines, with a bed of 4 boilers. 
Uses Champ, and Super, ore mixed for lining and sometimes a little Miss. Iron 
Mtn. Expect always to turn out 18^ kegs from a gross ton metal. Has 2 double 
heating and one blueing furnace in the nail mill, which is 130 feet partitioned off 
at the north end of the long parallelogram in all 330 ft. long by 100 wide. Forge 
end 200 feet long ; round stack inside and boilers outside of the west wall ; trains 
lengthwise ; pudd. f. in semicircle round Burden squeezer at south end of train; 
2 additional pairs of puddle furn. behind the semicircle, and one pair continues 
the circle on the river wall. (See plan.) Made in 1857 about 3,000 t. in 32 weeks. 
Stopped Feb. 1, 1S58, soon to run again. (J. L., Jun.) 

189. POMEROY Rolling Mill. — On the river hank, was bnilt originally afoundry, 
and began to roll ten or eleven years ago, when it had 2 double puddling furnaces 
and made merchant bar. Wm. Taylor, now manager at Benwood below Wheel- 
ing, was manager here up to 1857. " Last August the 4 double furnaces were torn 
down and 8 new single puddling furnaces erected, as the former were too slow to 
heat, as no blast was used There are two heating furnaces for the big bar, 2 for 
the rod, 2 for the 12 inch, and 2 for the R. R. spike iron train. Make no sheet iron. 
One R. R. spike machine, using up say 2U tons of iron in 24 hours, of a mixture 
of Ironton and Tennessee pig. One steam engine runs the Burden squeezer and 
big and little trains ; and another the 12 inch and spike rolls, and the lathe; both 
pump. One half of the daily 5 tons of spike iron goes up to a machine in Pitts- 
burg. Use some Lake Superior ore for lining, but chiefly Ohio ore, obtained 15 
miles back of Pomeroy, and called egg ore, mixed with scrap and scale, but it is 
too soft and works out quickly. Works ran steadily double turns, except in the 
winter of 1853-4, when they stood idle from in Jan. to middle of April. Have no 
regular annual stopping time; lose about a month annually. Ran in 1857 as 
usual until September. Began again shortly before Jan. 1, 1858, and continue. — 
For the years ',54, '55, '56, made about 3000 tons; in 1857, said to have made 2700 
tons of bars, bands, hoop, and wrought spike. (W. Taylor.) 

190. IRONTON Rolling Mill.— Was built by a company in the spring of 1852, 
and became the present style July 18.55. Has not been much enlarged until last 
year. Has 1 annealing, 2 plate and 1 scrap furnace included in the 6. Has never 
run double turn except for a week or two at one time. Use ten puddling furuaces. 
Sheet mill put up fall of 18.56, and has done nothing for three months (Jan. '58). 
The mill runs on rods and bars, making all sizes from 5 inch, round and square, 
down to 3-16 ; the sheet mill makes all sizes of sheet, fire bed and boiler plate. 
The furnaces u.se each 275 lbs. Lake ore per day, chiefly Superior. The arrange- 
ment is roomy, all the trains lengthwise of the mill, with the forging at the west 
end and the rod and sheet at the east end. Second Street divides it from the Star 
Works opposite on the north. 

191. STAR Nail Mill.— On Second Street, facing the old Ironton mill ; has its 
forging done at the west end, and its nail machines at the east. The furnaces 
stand in pairs along the west and south, the trains in straight line east and west, 
with the squeezer at the west end and the engine in the centre, north. A partition 
separates the roll mill from the nail factory, and the nail driving engine is on the 
out.sido of the partition* Both couip;nimcuts are very roomy, and tlie whole a 
model mill. Started in the spring of Ks55 ; company lately reorganized. Capacity 
300 kogs in 12 hours, a gross ton of iron making 18 to ]8.>< kegs. Stopped early in 
July until middle of Dec, and made 40,484 kegs from Jan. 1, '56, to Jan. 1, '57, 
md 19,000 previously. (J. P. L., Jan. 1858.) 



153 



192. LAWRENCE Kolling Mill —Opposite tlie old rolling mill, and a little above 
the bridge over Storm's Creek ; is a large roomy building, 90 feet wide by 200 long, 
on the same Ironton flat with the others, with two pair of puddling furnaces at 
the west end and two pair on the sonth opposite the muck train (and engine) 
standing crosswise. The stack and coraish boilers are in the middle of the south 
side, and the heating furnaces standing at the east end of the north side, two 
pairs, opposite the merchant and small trains, between which is another engine 
precisely similar to the other. These engines were built by Davis of Portsmouth, 
with two cylinders on opposite frames playing their piston rods downwards at an 
angle of 40° against each other's dead points on the fly-wheel shaft. They are 
said to have worked eiRciently and without giving trouble ; the merchant train 
shaft comes through the frame under one cylinder. The mill make is as follows : 
April 22 to Aug. 21, 'Si —110 days, 92.3 tons metal, 861 tons bar. 

Aug. 21 to Aug. IS, '5.5(6?)— 10.3 " 1100 " " 1005 " " 

July '.56 to April 20, '57 —180 " 1705 " " 1658 " " 

April 20 to Nov. 22, '57 —162 " 1691 " " 1597 " " 

Total in four years .557 " 6419 " " 5121 " " 

Loss of metal 5.5 per cent. (298 tons). — 9.20 tons of manufactured iron per day, 
single turn. 

19.3. BLANDY Rolling Mill. — Was intended to occupy all the remaining space 
of the Ironton Flat between Storm's Creek and the river bank, and not only two 
rows of puddling furnaces in pairs facing on a narrow bloom way have been 
erected, but the foundations of others and of a second engine stack, &c., have been 
laid. Large roofs cover half the ground, but the engines and roll housings have 
not yet been placed. Large shops, foundry and pattern shop stand on the north, 
and 20 brick houses in a block on 3 or 4 acres of land ; the company own other 
town lots, and 40 acres of coal land 6 miles distant, delivering coal at 4 cents per 
bushel at the mill. Property held by liens so as to be sold at 30 days' notice. 
$70,000 have been expended on the ground. (J. Camp: J. P. L., Jan. '58.) 

194. HANGING ROCK Rolling Mill.— At the southern point of Ohio, 140 miles 
above Cincinnati, was built as a knobling or slabbing forge about 1827, and made 
a rolling mill by H. Hanna, who ran it but a short time ; it was owned then, but 
never run, by R. B. Hamilton ; then by Williams & Co., who put up a steamboat 
engine and failed May 16, 1S54, but the mill continued at work until Aug. 1854, 
when S. B. Hempstead and Sher, Johnson began new timbering and rebuilding it, 
which lasted 3 months, and it began to work in the beginning of winter. In 1855 
there were frequent and long stops, and little was done, and that only single turn. 
In May or June 1856, the mill stopped finally. A sheet mill with annealing and 
heating furnaces has lately been added, but never worked. There are muck, bar, 
small, breakdown and sheet trains; two engines and a doctor; a hammer and an 
alligator. The arrangement is roomy, on the river bank, under the cliffs; the 
furnaces ranged along the north side and west end, with space left for another row 
beyond behind those up at the west end. The engine occupies the centre. The 
second engine and plate train occupy the centre of the east end with the stack and 
boilers at the southeast corner, and the pla'e ovens at the northeast. (J. P. L ) 
1854, consumed about 1.300 t. to produce 1400. 1855, consumed 2S7S t. pig, 40 
bloom, 65 scrap, to make 2850 bar. Has 3 engines, ,,22X,,20, and ,,22X,,17 and 
,,10X,,14 (diam. and stroke). (Corr.) 

195. BLOOM FORGE Iron Works.— Corner of Front and Washington, in Ports- 
mouth, was begun March 1, 1S57, and ran until Oct. 1, the forge running double 
turn and the mill single. It began again Nov. 6. In 1856 new machinery was 
put in between Aug. 1856 and March 1857. The mill has its .six pairs of puddling 
furnaces arranged in a semicircle at the east end, with boilers over every pair, 
communicating each three pair with a stack, in front of the middle p.air. The 
muck train is in the focus. The west end is crossed by a line of boiler, sheet, 
(engine), 12 inch and 8 inch trains, with heating furnaces, &c., scattered about. 
The old stack in the centre is tearing down ; the tivo engines are close together 
near it. On the north side are three knobling or charcoal tires to make blooms 
out of refined pig, the refining fire being at the northeast corner. Has a vertical 
rotary squeezer and two hammers. (J. P. L., Jan. '58.) Consumed from Nov. 1, 
'55, to Aug. 22, 1856, 4020 t. pig, 920 t. bloom, 134 t. scrap, to make 3287 t. mer- 
chant and boiler iron and 778 t. blooms, losing 36 days. (Corr. Feb. 1857.) 

196. FRANKLIN Iron Works.— At the foot of ,3d Street, west end of Portsmouth, 
stand under an immense roof, 155 by 266 feet, with the forge and sheet rolls trans- 
verse at one end, and the 16 inch and small rolls lengthwise at the other ; the 
former, fronted by a semicircle of puddling furnaces in'o pairs ending south with 
a pair of slab, dandy and annealing furnaces and backed by its engine, has a 
hammer and squeezer ; the latter, faced north by two pair of heating furnaces, 
and south by the stack, double set of cornish boilers (one set always idle), an 
engine and doctor, two shears, a lathe and a high tank, has to the east a spike 
factory room with two spike machines. The mill was established by the Scioto 
B- M. Co. in 18.33, and began to run in 1855 ; makes boiler plate, fire bed and small 
and large bar and rod iron. Ran last spring double turn, and stopped from May 
9 to Aug. 1. Now run 6 furnaces day and night. Use Ohio pig, and their own 
scrap ; used to buy Missouri bloom. Coal from Hanging Rock and Mason City 
(opposite Pomeroyi. Use Lake Sup. and Cham, ore, X ton P^r day ; 1 ton wlien 
in full blast. Capacity 20 tons a day ; at present finishing 12. Have used 1000 
tons pig and 200 casting and scrap, since Aug. 1, when present owners took it. 
Made chains all 1856, but none since. Full capacity of two spike machines 60 kegs 
a day ; used last spring. The 8 heat. fur. include 1 anneal., 1 slab, 1 sheet, 1 
spike fur. 

197. CINCINNATI Iron Works.— On the river bank and railroad to Columbus, 
east end of the city, corner of Front and Parsons Streets, was rebuilt 1847 ; roomy ; 
forge at one end and nail and bar mill at the other ; capacity 10,000 tons ; said to 
make half that on an average, in shape of all sizes bar iron, all sizes bolt down to 
3-16ths inch rod, all sizes sheet and boiler plate. Has a Burden squeezer and 3 
shears, 1 scrap, 2 annealing, and 9 heating furnaces. When going full, use 500 
tons Lake Champlain and Lake Superior ore. Stopped in October ; plate mill now 
goes slowly. Use Pittsburg and Brownsville coal. Run the nail works irregu- 
larly. Prefer double puddling furnaces. Made less than average amount 1836-7 
(April) for want of water in the river to bring stock. (J. P. L.) 

198. GLOBE Kolling Mill —At the west end of the Cincinnati levee, a mile below 
the Broadway, between Slill and Park Streets, occupies a 200 feet square, with a 
smaller lathe shop and wire factory on Front Street. Trains across the centre east 
and west ; 3 pairs of pud. f. west end and one in N. W. corner. The whole ai'range- 
ment is peculiar (see plan) ; one heating fur. in the far S. E. corner, and another 
near the N. E. corner (opposite wire factory and close by 2 wire annealing kettles) 
help another pair standing together alongside the floor boilers (seldom used) to 
make steam. Scrap-iron room in S. W. corner; underground motive power for 
liammer and shears. (J. L., Jun.) 1854 no report. 1S55, consumed 2,240 pig, 
576 bloom, perhaps 100 scrap, to make 2,760 bar and sheet, losing 10 weeks. 1856 
consumed 2258,448, about 900, to make 3,501 bar and plate, losing 8 weeks. Has 
a sheet-iron annealing fur., and a 22 inch, steam engine cylinder. (Corr.) 



EAST KENTUCKY ROLLING MILLS. 

199. McNICKLE Rolling Mill.— On the bank of the Ohio opposite Broadway 
Landing, Cincinnati ; was builtin 1828-9 for the manufacture of sheet and merchant 
iron ; present lessees remodelled it in April 1856, and commenced manufacturing 
rails from old rails and charcoal pig on 15th July 1856. Small train not now in 
use. Mill stopped 1854, 1855 ; ran single turn 1856 ; double turn 1857, making 5,000 
t. in 39* weeks ; single turn 1858. Use but little ore and that L. Champlain, cost- 
ing $12.00 t. delivered. The plan of the mill is peculiar: 150 ft. face by 100 deep, 
extended behind by oflTsets, first 80 x 30 deep, and then, 30 x 50 deep to hold the 
stack and boilers (tank outside) ; fly-wheel in centre N. and S., trains along centre 
line of main area, with Winslow sciueezer at the east end and 4 pairs of pud. fur. 
on west and north walls ; straightning floor N. W. corner. (J. L., Jun., Feb. '58.) 
1856, consumed 142,022 bush, charcoal, and 100 t. Lake Superior ore. The 954 t. in 
the bloom column of the table means railroad iron. Time lost 45 days for want of 
fuel by the closing of the river. (Corr., Feb. 1857.) 

200. LICKING Rolling MilL— At the south end of Covington, foot of 11th Street 
(ofRce and depot in Cincinnati, 58 and 60 E. 2d St.) ; was built July 20, 1848, by 
Jno. Bush & Richd. Jordan ; afterwards owned by Morrell, Stewart & Co. Has 2 
annealing furnaces with one stack and 2 sheet plate heating furnaces beside the 6 
in the table; a rivet machine for their own use ; a chain machine (run by other 
parties) ; line with sheet trimmings, no ore ; run double turn ; make boiler plate, 
mer. bar, but mostly sheet-iron for the Cin. market. 1857 consumed 5,000* pig, 
1,700 bloom, ? scrap, to make 7,000* in 50^ weeks. Plan irregular parallelogram 
240 on the river by 150 deep and on 11th Street; trains lengthwise; sheet plate 
heat. furn. in front ; boilers in centre behind (stack close outside) ; three double 
puddling furnaces and a heating furnace have each a boiler attached to make 
steam. (J. L. Jr. Feb. '58.) 

201. SWIFT'S Rolling Mill (TAYLOR I. Works).— Nearly opposite the last, and 
a little below, at the south end of Newport ; was built 1854, but never finished, by 
an association of over 50 persons, Tudor, Powell & Co. Capital .$50,000. It was 
bought in the unfinished condition by the present owners and started first Feb. 
1858, making sheet and boiler iron for western markets. Its area is 200 xl50 ft. 
Pattern shop N.W. corner (down the river), near it the stack and boilers ; sheet train 
in centre, and muck train towards south side ; pud. fur. in S. W. corner; room for 
more fur. and rolls. Has a fourth (ball furnace) ; an annealing and double sheet 
heating furnace ; one engine and a doctor to pump and turn. (J. L., Jun., '58.) 

202. NEWPORT Rolling Mill and Forge.— At the east end of Newport, opposite 
the Cincinnati R. M. (No. 197) ; rolls sheet, boiler plate and small bars, and forges 
locomotive tyres. Will erect two Nasmyth hammers. Has also 2 annealing fui'- 
naces, one tyre heating fire, one reheating and rounding tyre furnace and one sheet 
heating furnace. Plan ; centre 200 x 120, projected forwards towards the river by 
a long shed say 50 ft. wide) and backwards by an addition 100 x 60 deep ; the 
former containing small trains and engine, a heat. f. and shears and a stack and 
boilers outside, the latter 4 smith fires. The 3 pairs of pudd. fur. stand at the ex- 
treme east end, and in front of these the other stack and boilers, engine and trains. 

203. RED RIVER Rolling Mill.— On Red River, "is abandoned this year owing 
to the cost of stone coal. Has made 13,000 tons in 20 years. Market, Lexington 
and other interior towns." (Corr.) Coal boated down the Red River with diffi- 
culty from the western outcrop of the lowest coal bed where it crosses the river 
in Powell Co. near the mouth of Wolf Pen and Chimney Creeks. The "knob" 
ore appears between the forge and Stanton in the ash-colored shales of VIII, thus : 
Dark shale ; — 

Carbonate of iron, band, 3-6 inches ; shale 18 inches; 
Carbonate of iron, band, 2-4 inches ; shale 8 to 10 feet ; 
Carbonate of iron 2-4 in. ; shale 4 ft. ; kidney ore ; shale 3 feet ; 
Carbonate of iron 2-6 in. ; shale 3-4 ft. — (Owen's Report, vol. iii. p. 135.) 

204. LOUISVILLE Rolling Mill.— On Bear Grass Creek, corner of Washington 
and Brook Streets. Makes bar and sheet iron and boiler plate for home market ; 
an old mill formerly occupied this site. It is a parallelogram 160 x 250 feet, well 
arranged with heating furnaces made of boiler plate and having wrought-iron 
stacks. Has 2 engines and 1 doctor, the latter to i^ump and work punch and R R. 
chair machines. 5 boilers with their own fires. Has a Burden sq., geared under 
ground, and a large h.ammer. Of the 8 furnaces in the table one is for heating 
sheets, one for annealing and two for scrap. (See plan.) This mill has run double 
turn up to 1858, and will run six mos. this year .single turn. A very simple, tight, 
and durable sheet-iron roof, nailed directly upon the rafters, covers the mill. 

205. SOUTHERN Rolling Mill (South. I. Wks.).— In town of Paducah. This mill 
was built in 1855 by Jones, Lloyd & Co., who ran it from April 1 to Oct. 14, 1856: 
then owned, and run part of the time up to Oct. 1857, by Terrell, Clark & Co. since 
which last date it has been leased and run by G. W. J. & Co. The whole amount 
of finished iron produced in this mill up to Jan. 1, 1858, was 2188 tons, of which 
639 tons were nails. Makes bar and sheet iron, boiler plate and nails for St. Louis, 
Lower Missis.sippi, Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers. Its shape is irregular, the 
puddling furnaces and engine boilers being in one offset and the nail department in 
another ; there is no squeezer, and the three trains are geared upon different cen- 
tres. Of the 6 heating furnaces given in the table, one is for nail and bo^r plate, 
one for sheets and one for reheating nail plate. A small quantity of scrap and 
blooms used — the latter as well as the pig metal coming from Cumberland River 
furnaces. Uses " Treadwater" coal, which costs 10 cents the bushel delivered in 
barges at the mill. Puddling furnaces are lined with charcoal forge cinder from 
Tennessee. The mill is now in full operation. (March '58, J. L. Jr.) 2268 lbs. pig 
produce 2000 finished iron. 

206. TENNESSEE Rolling Mill.— On right bank of the Cumberland River, 2 
miles below Empire Furnace. It is 90 x 190 feet, and opens into the forge (see No. 
477), though having its own roof; the slab, sheet and scrap heating furnaces are 
under this roof, but the 6 others surround and heat the five boilers which are 
connected with the 2 large engines in the forge. One only of tlie engines is in the 
mill : makes bar and sheet ii-on, boiler and plough plate for Nashville, St. Louis, 
and Lower Mississippi markets. Uses pig shipped at Empire Iron Works ; has no 
squeezer, the iron being prepared under the three hammers in the forge (J. L. Jr.) 

207. CUMBERLAND Rolling Mill.— On left bank of Cumberland River, .30 miles 
by river below Clarksville ; has been enlarged more or less every year. Product 
from Oct. 18.33 to Oct. 1854, 2223}^ tons, 1000 to Memphis, Vicksburg and New Or- 
leans, 800 to Nashville, 423 sold at the works for Western Kentucky and Tennes- 
see. Two furnaces, Bellewood and Dover No. 2, and a refinery of IS fires, all 
steam power, are connected with the roUiug mill. The mill is irregular in siiape, 
and has under same roof a moulding floor, lathe room, and grist mill, besides 
seven other buildings devoted to smith, pattern and wheelwright shops, store, 
offices, and a long warehouse on the bank of the river. The two ]>uddling furnaces 
turned out, in 1857, 366.510-2240 tons of blooms. Coal is obtaiued from up the 
river, and comes in flat boats at very high stages of water. 2164 lbs. make a ton 
of blooms in this particular iron region. The mill is now in active operation. A 



TABLE J.— ROLLING MILLS 



154 

AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION, 



OF THE WEST 



SITUATION OF WORKS. 



NAME OF OWNERS. 



NAME OF MANAGER, 4C. 



P. O. ADDRESS. 



COUNTY. 


DATE OP 




STARTING. 


Cambria, Penna. 


18.54 


Fayette, " 


183i 


Fayette, " 


1842 


Al.LEOHENT, " 


1851 


Allegheny, " 


1853 


Allegheny, " 


1854 


Allegheny, " 


1841 


Allegheny. " 


1857 


Allegheny, " 


1825 


Allegheny, " 


1845 


Allegheny, " 


1837 


Allegheny, " 


1848 


Allegheny, ' ' 


1S50 


Allegheny, " 


1844 


Allegheny, " 


1845 


Allegheny, " 


18.35 


Allegheny, " 


1829'55 


Allegheny, " 


1828 


Allegheny, " 


1828 


Allegheny, " 


1826 


Allegheny, " 


1846 


Allegheny, " 


1856 • 


Allegheny, " 


1828 


Allegheny, " 


1845 


Armstrong, " 


1848 


Armstrong, " 


1841 


Venango, " 


1844 


Lawrence, " 


185? 


Lawrence, " 


1847 


Lawrence, " 


1842 


Mahoning, Ohio. 


18 


Trumbull, " 


1842' 53 


Cuyahoga, " 


1856 


Cuy'ahoqa, " 


1857 


Muskingum. " 


1847* 


Franklin, " 


1847* 


Jefferson " 


1852 


Ohio Co., Virginia. 1832'34 


Ohio, " 


18 


Ohio, " 


18 


Ohio, " 


IS 


Ohio, " 


1852 


Ohio, " 


1853 


Ohio, " 


1852 


Meigs, Ohio. 


1847* 


Lawrence, " 


1852 


Lawrence, " 


1855 


Lawrence, " 


1853? 


Lawrence, " 


isr>s 


Lawrence, " 


185? 



145. 
146. 
147, 
148. 
149. 

150. 
151. 
ln% 
153. 
154. 

1.55. 
1.56. 
157. 
158. 
159. 

160. 
161. 
162 
163. 
164. 

165. 
166. 
167. 
168. 
169. 

170. 
171. 
172. 
173. 
174. 

175. 
176. 
177. 
178. 
179. 

ISO. 
181. 
182. 
1>^3. 
184. 

185. 

186. 
187. 
188. 
189. 

190. 
191. 
192. 
193. 
194. 

195. 

196. 
197. 
198. 
199. 

200. 
201. 
202. 
203. 
204. 

205. 
206 
207. 
208. 
209. 

210. 
211. 
212. 
213. 
214. 

215. 
216. 
217. 
218. 
219. 

220. 
221. 
222. 
22 i. 
224. 



Cambria. 

Faircliauce. 

Browa-sville. 

McKeesport. 

Americatt. 

Western Tack. 
Hecla. 
New Mill. 
Sligo. 
Clinton. 

Pittsburg. 
Sliefiield. 
Eagle, A. 
Penna. Forge. 
Kensington. 

Pittsburg Steel. 

Wayne. 

Sable (Lippincott). 

Juniata, 1. . 

Juniata, 2. 

Duquesne. 
Loreuz. 
Etna. 
VesiiTius. 



.Johnstown, 76 miles east of Pittsburg. Wood, Morrell & Co., lessees from Cambria Iron Co. Jolmstown P.O. 
Uniontown, 6 m. south, near Nat. R. F. H. Oliphant, owner. G. W. Paull, manager. Uniontown P.O. 

Brownsville, 35 m. south of Pittsburg. K. Rodgers, last owner, 1853. Sold, dismantled, ruins. Brownsville. 
McKeesport, 15 m. S. E. of Pittsburg. Wood, Morehead & Co. Office of the Co. 134 First. Pittsburg P. 0. 
Birmingham, 2 m. south of Pittsburg. Jones & Lauth, owners and managers. 98 Water. Pittsburg P. 0. 

Birmingham, 1 m. south of Pittsburg. Chess, Wilson & Co. David Chess, man. 119 Water. Pittsburg P. 0. 

Birmingham, 1 m. south of Pittsburg. J. & W. McKnight. Mr. McCutcheon, elk. Ill Water. Pittsburg P. 0. 

Birmingham, 1 m. south of Pittsburg. Porter, Eolph & Sweet, owners and managers. Pittsburg P. 0. 

South Pittsburg, near the Bridge. Lyon, Shorb & Co. F. Wernet, man. 121 Front. Pittsburg P. 0. 

South Pittsburg, X mile below. Graff, Burnet & Co. Mr. Marshall, man. 97 Water. Pittsburg P. 0. 



Kittanning. 

Brady's Bend. 

Franklin. 

Sharon. 

Orizaba. 

Cosalo. 

Mahoning. 

Falcon. 

Railroad. 

Newburg. 

Zanesville. 



South Pittsburg, )4 mile below. 
South Pittsburg, % mile below. 
South Pittsburg, 1 mile below. 
Pittsburg, 1 m. ab. Monong'a Bridge. 
Pittsburg, ]/2 m. ab. Monong'a Bridge. 

Pittsburg, % m. ab. Monong'a Bridge. 
Pittsburg, east bank Allegheny River. 
Pittsburg, east bank Allegheny River. 
Allegheny City, opposite Pittsburg. 
Pittsburg, east bank Allegheny River. 

Pittsburg, east bank Allegheny River. 

3 miles above Allegheny City. 

4 miles above Allegheny City. 

5 miles above Allegheny City. 
Kittanning, 40 m. north of Pittsburg. 

Brady's Bend, 60 m. N. of Pittsburg. 
Franklin, 80 miles north of Pittsburg. 
Sharon, 70 miles N. W. of Pittsburg. 
Newcastle, 50 m. N. W. of Pittsburg. 
Newcastle, 50 m. N. W. of Pittsburg. 

Youngstown, 65 m. N.W. of Pittsburg. Brown, Bonnell & Co. Jas. H. Brown, manager. ToungstownP. 0. 
Nilestown, 75 m. N.W. of Pittsburg. James Ward & Co. James Ward, manager. Nilestown P. 0. 

Cleveland, 2 miles east on Lake. K. R. Iron Mill Co. A. G. Smith, pres. & man. Cleveland P. 0. 

Cleveland, 6 miles'S. E. on Railroad. Chillon & Jones, owners and managers. Newburg P. 0. 

Zanesville, J^ mile N. of Court House. Ohio Iron Co. Blandy, pres. Baird & Davis, mans. Zanesville P. 0. 



Zug & Painter. Mr. Adams, man. 96 Water. Pittsburg P. 0. 

Singer, Hartman& Co. Mr. Hartman, man. 82 Water. Pittsburg P. 0. 
James Wood & Co. G. Wittengill, man. 113 Water. Pittsburg P. O. 
Everson, Preston & Co. OfBce of the Co. 94 Water. Pittsburg P. 0. 
Miller, Lloyd and Black. Mr. Nickson, M. 99 Water. Pittsburg P. 0. 

Isaac Jones. Mr. Jones, manager. Ross & Front. Pittsburg P. 0. 
Bailey, Brown & Co. J. D. Bailey, man. 120 Water. Pittsburg P. 0. 
Zug & Painter. Office of the Company 96 Water. Pittsburg P. 0. 

Semple, Bissell & Co. Abaud. and now a vice factory. Pittsburg P. 0. 
Shoenberger's heirs. Office of the Company 93 Water. Pittsburg. P. O. 

Coleman, Heilman & Co. W. VarnUm, M. 121 Water. Pittsburg P. 0. 
Lorenz, Stewart & Co. J. J. Williams, M. 62 Water. Pittsburg P. 0. 
Spang & Co. A. G. Lloyd, manager. 91 Water. Pittsburg P. 0. 

Lewis, Dalzell & Co. Mr. Lewis, man. 110 Water. Pittsburg P. O. 
Colwell, Brown, & J. & R. Floyd. A. Setzell, mill M. Kittanning P.O. 

Brady's Bend Iron Co. H. A. S. D. Dudley, sup't. Brady's Bend P.O. 
Abandoned several years ago and now in ruins. Franklin P. O. 

Sharon Iron Co. Office, Erie. S.H.Kimball, pres. J.Barber, M. Sharon. 
McCormick's trustees. Mr. Beshore, manager. Newcastle P. 0. 

Crawford Brothers. H. J. Evans, manager. Newcastle P. 0. 



Columbus. Columbus, J-^ mile above bridge. 

Jefferson. Steubenville, 73 m. below Pittsburg. 

Missouri(Wheeling) Wheeling, just N. of the city limits. 
Crescent. Wheeling, S. side of Wheeling Creek. 

Eagle, B. Wheeling, 80 miles below Pittsburg. 



Belmont. 
La Belle. 
Washington. 
Virginia. 
Pomeroy. 

Ironton. 
Star Nail. 
Lawrence. 
Blandy. 
Hanging Rock. 

Bloom Forge. 

Franklin. 

Cincinnati. 

Globe. 

McNickle. 

Licking. 
Swift's. 
Newport, 
RdP River. 
Louisville. 

Southern I. W. 
Tennessee. 
Cumberland. 
Laclede (St. Louis). 
Raynor's. 

Missouri, B. 

Pacific. 

Allen. 

Maramec. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis. 
Wyandotte, 1. 
Wyandotte, 2. 
Buffalo I. W. 
Richardson. 

Jefferson. 
Boquet I. W. 
Sable I. W. 
Peru 1. W. 
Eagle I. W. 



Wheeling, on river and B. & 0. R. E. 
Wheeling, }^ m. below on B. & 0. R.E. 
Wheeling, >^ mile below, on river. 
Benwood, 4 miles below Wheeling. 
Pomeroy, upper end, on Ohio River. 

Ironton, lower end, on Ohio River. 
Ironton, lower end, opposite last. 
Ironton, lower end, opposite last. 
Ironton, lower end. Storm's Creek. 
Ironton, 3 m. below, at Hanging Rock. 

Portsmouth, % m. above landing. 
Portsmouth, ^ m. below landing. 
Cincinnati, 1 m. above landing. 
Cincinnati, 1 m. below landing. 
Covington, opposite Cincinnati. 

Covington, on W. bank Licking River. 
Newport, on E. bank Licking River. 
Newport, opposite Cincinnati. 
38 miles east of Louisville. 
In eastern part of the city. 

At junction of Tenn. and Ohio Rivers. 
10 miles above Eddyville. 
10 miles southeast of Dover C. H. 
Northern extremity of St. Louis. 
Corner 12th & Cass Avenue, St. Louis. 

On Main St. between Carr & Cherry. 
Corner of Carondelet & Allen Streets. 
Corner of Seventh and Allen Streets. 
N. E. corner of T. VL 37 Town. 
3 miles above mouth of Chicago River. 

Near Union Railroad Depot. 
10 miles south of Detroit. 

10 miles south of Detroit. 
In the 11th Ward, on Niagara River. 
In the city of Auburn. 

In village of Carthage. 

2V^ miles west of Essex village. 

17 miles west of Port Kent. 

11 miles west of Port Kent. 
5 miles west of Port Kent. 



Peter Haydn, owner. D. Series, manager. Columbus P. 0. 

Frazer, Kilgore & Co. F. S. Griesemer, late man. Steubenville P. 0. 
Jas. M. Todd & Co. J. M. Todd, M., 66, 68 Main St. Wheeling P. 0. 
Crescent Iron Co. J. W. Sill, pres. N. Wilkinson, sec. Wheeling P. 0. 
E. C. Dewey (since July '56). Jno. Hartman, man. Wheeling P. 0. 

Norton, Acheson & Co. T. D. & G. W. Norton, mans. Wheeling P. O. 
Bailey, Woodward & Co. Wm. Bailey, manager. Wheeling P. 0. 
Drakely & Fenton, ons, D. &Co.,less. D. Darragh, M. Wheeling P. 0. 
A. Wilson Kelly. Wm. Taylor, man. Monroe St. Wheeling P. O. 
Horton, Jennings & Co., owners and managers. Pomeroy P. 0. 

H. Campbell & Co. Mr. Season, manager. Ironton P. 0. 

Peters, James & Co. W. H. Powell, T. Pugh, mans. Ironton P. O. 
"James Rogers & Co. Mr. Boyd, own. & elk. W.H.P.,M. Ironton P. 0. 
Sturgess & Blandy, owners. Not yet completed. Ironton P. 0. 

S. B. Heamsted & Johnson, owners & managers. Hanging Rock P. 0. 

Gaylord & Co., owners and managers. Portsmouth P. 0. 

James Murfin & Co. Jas. Evans, manager. Portsmouth P. 0. 

Shreve, Steele & Co. Thos. Casey, manager. Cincinnati P. O. 

Worthington & Co. James Tranter, manager. Cincinnati P. O. 
J. K. McNickle's heirs. E. W. Stephens, L. & M. Covington P. 0. 

Philips & Jordon. Rich. Jordan, owner & man. Covington P. 0. 
Alex. Swift & Co. Henry Westwood, manager. Newport P. O. 

D. Wolff, owner. P. Breith, manager. Newport P. O. 
Josiah A. Jackson, owner. Abandoned. Red River P 0. 
T. C. Coleman & Co., owns. J. Dangerfleld, man. Louisville P. O. 

Terrell, Clark & Co., ons. G. W. Jope & Co., less. J. H. &B. Jones, M. 
Hillman Bros. owns. G. W. Hillman, M. Empire I. W. P. 0., Trigg Co. 
Woods, Lewis & Co., ons. Geo. T. Lewis, M. Cumberland I. W. P. 0. 
Chouteau, Harrison & Vall^. Wm. Mulligan, man. St. Louis P. 0. 
N. Rayuor & Co., owners. Moore Hardaway, man. St. Louis P. 0. 

McFall & Kelly, owners. Michael Lynch, manager. St. Louis P. O. 
Jas. S. Stewart & Co., owners. Wm. Perry, man. St. Louis P. 0. 
Thomson, White & Prior. Michael Corcoran, man. St. Louis P. 0. 
Known also as Massey's Iron Works. Abandoned. Mar. I. W. P. O. 

E. B. Ward, of Detroit, owner. T. C. Smith, sup't. Chicago P. 0. 

R. A. Douglas, owner. .John Thomas, manager. Indianapolis P. 0. 
Wyandotte Rolling Mill Co. J. Holmes, pres. Office foot 3d st., Detroit. 
Wm. H. Zabriskie, sect. Chas L. Way, manager. Wyandotte P. 0. 
Hodgkins & Co., owners. Jos. Corns, agent at works. Buffalo P. 0. 
Charles Richardson, owner and manager. Auburn P. 0. 

Hiram McCollom, owner and manager. Carthage P.O. 

Heirs of Wm. D. Ross. H. H. Ross, 2d manager. Essex P. O. 

J. & J. Rogers, owners and managers. Au-Sable Forks P. 0. 

Saltus & Co., N. Y. City, owns. W. Partridg(i agt. Clinton ville P. 0. 
E. & J. D. Kingsland & Co., owners. Keesville P. 0. 



Scioto, " 18 

Scioto, " 1855 

Hamilton, " 1847 

Hamilton, " 18 

Kenton, Kentucky. 1830'56 



Kenton, 

Campbell, 

Campbell, 

ESTELL, 

Jefferson, 



1848 
1854'7 
18 

1838 
1851 



MoRacken, " 1855 

Lyon, " 1846 

Stewart, Tennessee. 1829 
St. Louis, Missouri. 1850'56 
St. Louis, " 1857'68 



St. Louis, " 


1854 


St. Louis, " 


1856 


St. Louis, " 


1854'5 


Crawford, " 


1843 


Cook, Illinois. 


1857'8 


Marion, Indiana. 


18.57 


Wayne, Michigan. 


18,55 


Wayne, " 


1856 


Erie, New York. 


1847 


Cayuga, " 


1853 


Jefferson, ' ' 


1847 


Essex, " 


1827'3S>^ 


Essex, ' ' 


1834* 


Clinton, " 


18 


Clinton, " 


1S15'49* 



155 



AND NORTH. 



OFFICE 141 S. EIGHTH ST., PHILADELPHIA. 



May, 1858. 



NUMBER OF 



CONSUMPTION 1S36. 



PRODUCTION. 



•O 



"[i< §,&; bop ° « <i s 



Kind 

of 
power. 



1854. 



1855. 



1856. 



1857. 



1849. 



Kind of 
manufacture. 



Wks. 



Wks. 



]43. Cambria 

146. Fairchance 

147. Brownsville 
14S. McKeesport 

149. American 

150. Western Tack 

151. Hecla 

152. New Mill 

153. Sligo 

154. Clinton 

155. Pittsburg 

156. Sheffield 

157. Eagle, A 

158. Penna. Forge 

159. Kensington 

160. Pittsburg Steel 

161. Wayne 

162. Sable (Lippin't) 

163. Juniata, 1 

164. Juniata, 2 

165. Duquesne 

166. Lorenz 

167. Etna 

168. Vesuvius 

169. Kittanning 

170. Brady's Bend 

171. Franklin 

172. Sharon 

173. Orizaba 

174. Cosalo 

175. Mahoning 

176. Falcon 

177. Railroad 

178. Newburg 

179. Zanesville 



30 12 

2 2 

4 4 

'0 6 

»16 "9 

'4 5 

13 6 

3 2 

13 11 

"20 8 



4 

3 6 

3 10 

4 

5 25 

2 80 

3 20 
=1 

5 

5 21 



19 11 6 

4 9'* 3 

20 10 7 

11* 8* 2 

12 5 ..3 



4 

'"14 7 

18 10 

9 4 

19 "11 

17 '"S 

14 6 

13 12 

"18 7 

12 8 







38 



,3 13 


3*37 

3 36 

4 13 

7 49 

«5 30 

6 21 

4 24 

4 37 

3 7 



25 'og 5 

'0 '0 <0 10 

11 7 

16 »7 

16 5 



5 19 
»4 50 
'3 35 



'8 '2i 3 16 

11 5 4 13 

0» *6 2^ 

4 2' 

8 «3 2 8 



Columbus 3 

Jefferson 13 

Missouri (Wheel.) 9 

Crescent 6 IS 

Eagle, B 6 

Belmont '^4 

La Belle 15 

Washington 14 

Virginia 15 

Pomeroy 4° 6'* 

Ironton "10 

Star Nail 10 

Lawrence 9 

Blandy 12 

Hanging Rock 10 

Bloom Forge '12 

Franklin 10 

Cincinnati 6 

Globe 7 

McNickle S 



180. 
181. 
182. 
183. 
184. 

185. 
186. 
187. 
188. 
189. 

190. 
191. 
192. 
193. 
194. 

195. 
196. 
197. 
198. 
199. 

200. Licking 

201. Swift's 

202. Newport 
20.3. Red River 
20i. Louisville 

205. Southern 

206. Tennessee 
207., Cumberland 

208. Laclede (St. Lo.) 

209. Raynor's 

210. Missouri, B 

211. Pacific 

212. Allen 

213. Maramec 

214. Chicago 

215. Indianapolis 

216. Wyandotte, 1 

217. Wyandotte, 2 

218. Buffalo 

219. Richardson I. W. 

220. Jefferson 

221. Boquot I. W. 

222. Sable I. W. 

223. Peru I. W. 
221. Eagle I. W. 



15 



'2 



8 



1 

40 

15 







2 "10 

2 41 

2 

2 43 

4 0' 

4 

2 38 

3 

2 
'6 

•0 

4 2 

5 19 

3 

2 

4 

2 

3 

2 5 

3 



8 
=0 








43 



Steam 

Steam 

Steam 

'0 . . Steam 

B 3Steam 

A 2Steam 

1 B 2Steam 

.. ISteam 

1 2B 2Steam 

1 B 3Steam 

B 2Steam 

2 . . 2Steam 

1 2B 2Steam 

2 B SSteam 
1 B Steam 

. . Steam 
'0 B 2Steam 
'0 B 2Steam 
Steam 
.. 2B SSteam 



.19984 .. 
. 600 . . 
. 20U0 50 



Not built. 

700 

600 
Not built. 
Not built. 

Not built. 

3500 
Not built. 

4241 

2029 

5500 
1800 
2100 
150 
4500 

1200 
2500 



4000 500 300 3000 
6978 1950 525 4900 



.. 7500* 




460 


.. 5000* .. 






450* .. 
.. 2.500 
.. 8000* 


600* 


760 
1000' 


.. 4700 


150 


•• 


.. 7000 


y 


? 



3 B 

1 B 

1 B 

.. B 



1 B 
.. B 
.. B 

'i is 

.. 

.. 

2 A 

1 A 

B 

1 B 
1 2B 
.. 

B 

B 

B 

B 

B 





1 



2Steam .. 6969 1877 300 

2Steam 400 

2Steam 

2Steam 

Steam .. 2718 17 .. 



Steam 
Water 
Steam 
Steam 
W. S. 



Steam 
ISteam 
SSteam 
SSteam 

Steam 

4Steam 

2Steam 

Steam 

Steam 

Steam 

2Steam 
Steam 
Steam 
Steam 

2Steam 

Ab Steam 
B 2Steam 
A 2Steam 
Steam 
A SSteam 

2 V 2Steam 

1 A SSteam 

1 B Steam 

1 . . Steam 

1 W Steam 



. .11573 20 



2500 



.. 4000* .. 



600* 



.. 1780 

.. 3293 
.. 3575 
.. 3083 
.. 3500 



286 




1 .. 

1 .. 

3 .. 

1 .. 

1 B 

1 

3 O 



A 
2 
B 



O 



B 
2 



3 40 



Steam 
Sleam 
Steam 
Water 
Steam 

Steam 
Steam 
Steam 
Steam 
Steam 

Steam 
Steam 
Steam 
Water 
Steam 

Steam 
Steam 
Steam 
Steam 
Steam 

Water 
Water 
W. S. 
Water 
Water 



.. 650 80 40 
.. 3220 820 114 



.. 2258 448 900 
10 1410 1072 

5000 14007 ? 



2.")00 850 750 
2250* 375? 375? 

700* ? 

2791 100? 

161^2431 45J 



10 

1300 ? ? 
0.. 
2500 500 1000 

"0 "0 "0 


903 309 599 
0?? 
2500 1300 
350 



160 
1800* 
3360 
.. 
5200* 



1800 
Not built. 
3000 
2000 
2500 



1000 
1700 



Not built. 
Not built. 
Not built. 

Not biiilt. 



Not built. 
Not built. 
Not built. 



Not built 
Not built. 
Not built. 
Not built. 
Not built. 

Not built. 



Not built. 



Not built. 
Not built. 



Not built. 
Not built. 

Not built. 
Not built. 
Not built. 
Aband. 
Not built. 

Not built. 
Not built. 
Not built. 

Not biiilt. 



1806 .. 

800 .. 
Aband. 

375 . . 
1800 . . 

12.50? .. 
3000* .. 
Not built. 
5075 . . 
2800 . . 

6000? .. 

1000 . . 

7500* .. 

2000? .. 

1250 . . 

1000? .. 
4443 46 
3000? .. 
Aband. 
8210 . . 

SOOO . . 

4200 . . 

3000 . . 

3000? .. 

2550 . . 

7594 39 
Aband. 



6036 

600? .. 
Aband. 

450? .. 
5400 . . 

1.300* .. 
3200 . . 
Not built. 
3597 . . 
4000 .. 

6500 . . 

2600 . . 

8000* .. 

2000? .. 

SOOO? .. 

1000? .. 
4600* 44* 
3500? .. 
and now 
9663 .. 

fiOOO . . 
5000* 42 
5000* .. 
3500* .. 
SlOO .. 

985 4 
and now 



55.5 

1800 .'. 2000* .. 

Not built. Not built. 

Not built. Not built. 

Not used. Not used. 

1200* 50 1300* 50 

135* .. 2000* .. 

2000? 28* 4000* 44* 



13206 . . 

600 .. 
Aband. 

500 .. 
6500* .. 

1350* .. 
4000* .. 
Not built. 
4762 . . 
5000* .. 

7085 . . 

3600* .. 

8000* .. 

3000? .. 

4300* .. 

1000? .. 
5500* 52 
3500* .. 
a vice 
8765 . . 

6S00 . . 

5000* .. 

5000* .. 

6000* .. 

2800 . . 

7533 39 
in ruins. 



1875 .. 
2000* .. 
ISOO* 18* 
Not built. 
Not used. 

1400* 50 
2500* .. 
3400* 50 



Aband. 
477 . 
6000* . 



Railroad iron. 
Bars, nails. 
Abandoned. 
Bars, sheet iron. 
Bars, nails. 



1400* . . Nails, tacks, brads. 
3000? . . Bars, rods, nails. 
Just started. Bars. 
5454 . . Bars, plate, sheet. 
5000* . . Bars, plate, nails. 



4,500? .. 
3000? .. 
5000? .. 
2500? .. 
4000* .. 

1000? .. 
4000* 39* 
2750* .. 
factory. 



5000* 
5000* 
40U0* 



Aband. 



2300* 

6000* 42 
300 5 
600* 13^ 

1500* 50 
2500* 



2379 38 
2764 38 



1503 48 Not used. 

3760 48 3004 30 

S8S3 47 3461 32 

.. .. 2355 48 

3000* 32 3000* 32 

3000* . SOOO* .. 



Bars, rod, sheet. 
Steel, axes, springs. 
Bars, sheet, nails. 
Bars, forge shapes. 
Bars, sheet, nails. 

Steel. 

Bars, nails. 
Bars, nails, hoops. 
Bars, nails, sheet. 
Bars, nails, sheet. 

Bars, steel, nails. 
Bars, nails. 
Sheet, nails, pipe. 
Bar, sheet, nails. 
Bars, nails, cast'gs. 

Railroad iron. 

Abandoned. 
Bars, steel, nails. 
Bars, spikes, nails. 

Bars, nails. 

Bars, spikes, nails. 
Bars, slieet, nails. 
Railroad iron. 
Railioad iron. 
Bars. 

Bars, wire. 

Nails. 

Bar, plate, nails. 

Rails, sheet. 

Bars. 

Cut nails. 

Nails. 

Railroad iron. 

Nails. 

Bars, rods, R.R. sp. 



3000* 32 

3000* .. 3000* . SOOO* .. 2700* . 

1.500? .. 1.000? .. 2000? .. 2000? .. Bars, rod, sheet. 

Not built. 9.30 19 1934 39 925 32 Nails. 

923 .. 1100 .. 1705 .. 1691 .. Bars. 

Not built. Not built. Not built. Not finished. Not finished. 

1400 37 2850 43 700 IS Not used. Bar. 



.... 500 9 

Not built. 1000? . . 

4000? .. 4000? .. 

.. .. 2760 42 



3565 S3 

2000? .. 

3000? .. 

3501 44 



3500* 36 
2000* 40 
3000? .. 



Not in use. Not in use. 1976 27 5000* .39* 



Plate and bar. 
Bar and spike. 
Bar, sheet, nails. 
Plate and bar. 
Railroad iron. 



.5000* 44? 5500* 44 7082 501^ 
Not built. Unfinished. Unfinished. 



300 . . 
2330 36* 



250 . . 
2800 42* 



200 .. 
2500 38* 



7000* 50* Bar, plate, sheet. 
Unfinished. Sheet and plate. 

. . .. Bar, plate, tyres. 
ISO .. Bar. 
2000* 26* Bar, boiler plate. 



Not erected. Erecting. 612 36 
2500* 44 2461 40 2495 44 
2615 40 2262J 42 2530 42 
3000? ? Burnt down. Rebuild'g. 
Not built. Not built. Not built. 



Building. 
Not built. 
Building. 
Aband. 
Not built. 



7 ? 

Not built. 

1000? .. 
Aband. 
Not built. 



Not built. Not built. 
Not built. 59^ S 
Not built. Not built. 



2500 ? 
262* 34 



2300 ? 
186* SO 



1320* 33 

100 5 

3000* 48 

Aband. 

Not built. 

Not built. 
1698 34 

150* ? 
3500 ? 

386* 34 



1576 42 
3351 46* 
2314i 33 
2533 34 
Building. 

1320* 33 
200 12 

3000? .. 

Aband. 

Building. 

130 ? 
1150 26 
8634 44 
3000 

410 



34* 



150* 52 150* 52 150* 52 

1400* 52 1400* 52 1400* 52 

2310 52 3137 52 2921 52 

4500* 45 4500* 45 4500* 45 



.3090 52 



Bars, sheet, nails. 
Bars, sheet, plate. 
Bars, sheet, plate. 
Bar, sheet, plate. 
Spikes, rivets, chairs. 

Bar and spikes. 
Merchant bar. 
Nails, bars. 
Abandoned. 
Railroad iron. 

Railroad iron. 
Bars, axles. 
Railroad iron. 
Bars and nails. 
Bar and axles. 

Nails, shoe bar. 
Bar and nails. 
Bar and nails. 
Bar and nails. 
Bars, nails, axles. 



B — Burden horizontal squeezer. V — Vertical rotary squeezer. Va — Alligator squeezer. W — Winslow squeezer. Small figures in front of a figure show the 
number once used. Small figures behind a figure show the number to come into use. 

* Means approximately true — or an estimate. ? Means doubtful, or wholly conjectural. 



156 



great saving of fuel is effected in the heating furnaces hy the use of a peculiar 
arrangement which gives a spiral and even motion to the atmosphere as it passes 
in under the grate hars. (See plan.) (See further under note Mo. 575, Table K, to 
Dover Furnace No. 2.) 

20S. LACLEDE formerly ST. LOUIS Rolling MilL— On right banl£ of Mississippi 
Eiver, 3 miles from centre of city, was erected in 1S50, and burnt down the 17th 
Dec, 1S31, was rebuilt and commenced running, under present name, 9th Dec. 
1856, and continued so until Oct. 1, 1857 ; tired up April 13, 1858, but brolce some 
of the machinery and will be delayed about four weelis. Plan, a parallelogram, 
300 ft. north and south by 1-10 E. and W. Stack and the five boilers are in a build- 
ing to the east and opposite the middle of mill ; 3 connecting pipes over boilers ; 
one engine, very heavy and somewhat similar to the best class of English engines, 
which does the whole work of the mill. The pig metal, boiler slabs, and scrap 
iron enter the building at its S. W. corner, where are the 15 puddling, 2 slab and 
scrap furnaces, thence passes through the Burden squeezer, which is geared under- 
ground, to the muck train, thence back of engine cylinder to the annealing and 
other heating furnaces along N. E. side of mill, and so through the sheet, mer- 
chant and small rolls to the shears and thence to the racks in the N. W. corner, 
where are the scales, and, beyond, the office. (See plan.) The metal used is a \i 
and M mixture of Iron Mnt. hot short and cold blast charcoal from the West Ten- 
nessee furnaces. The coal is bituminous from the Illinois Coal Co.'s mine, 10 
miles east from St. Louis, and the blooms come from Valle and Maramec forges. 
Production given in table for 1851 was guessed at, as all records were destroyed 
by the fire in Dec. of that year. (J. L. Jr.) 

209. RATNOIl'S Rolling Mill. — Is but just finished and contains 1 train of 
rolls, 1 scrap heating furnace and 1 rivet machine ; to wliicTi, in the course of 1858 
will be added 6 puddling and 3 heating furnaces and 1 train rolls. The company 
has an establishment on Main St. containing 3 spike, 2 rivet, and 1 R. R chair 
machine, 1 punch, 2 screw-cutters, 1 lathe, 1 single and 1 double heating furnace, 
and 3 smith's fires, all of which will soon be removed to the R. mill. Makes 
spikes, boiler rivets and R. R. chairs for home market. 

210. MISSOURI Rolling Mill.— Occupies the three sides of a plot of ground 
fronting on Main Street ; was built by Grey and Boyle, and contains 2 engines and 

1 doctor, one engine with cylinder 16J4 in. diameter by 3 ft. stroke, and the other 
12 in diameter by 2 ft. stroke. Makes" merchant bars, spikes and rivets for home 
market, uses an alligator squeezer, and has one spike and one rivet machine. The 
coal used is from the Goodwill mines, 12 miles to the eastward, in Illinois. Use a 
small quantity of scrap. The mill is now idle. (April '58.) 

211. PACIFIC Rolling Mill. — Is alongside of, and works in connection with the 
Allen R. M. Plan, 100 x 100 feet. Has 1 engine (with 2 boilers) 18 in. diameter 
by 5 ft. stroke. Has 5 heating furnaces, two of which heat the boilers, 1 hammer 
and one pair of large shears. JIakes merchant bar iron. 

212. ALLEN Rolling Mill (Iron Wks.). — In southern part of cily, was built by 
Stewart, Parks & Co. Plan, square (100 x 100*), with an addition running south- 
ward, containing the 43 nail machines. The puddling furnaces are in couples 
along the N. W. corner of the mill, centering upon the Burden squeezer and 
muck rolls. Of the four heating furnaces .given in the table two are for reheating 
nail plates. Has 1 blueing machine and 1 engine (with 3 boilers) 22 in. cyl, by 6 
ft, stroke ; furnace stack is on the east side between the two mills. Makes nails 
for home market and supplies Pacific R. M. with some blooms. Coal used is from 
Minona mine, 11 miles to the eastward in Illinois. 

213. MARAMEC Rolling Mill, with a furnace (No. 611) and two forges, No. 492, 
was built in 1813 and abandoned after one year's trial because of the sulphur in 
the stone coal obtained at a bank 14 miles S. E. '* There has never been any 
search for coal made since. The Jlill has been used for making blast for the fur- 
nace and for other purposes since it stopped rolling." (Corr. May 8 '58.) 

214. CHICAGO Rolling Mill.— On right bank of Chicago River, to the N. W. and 
just outside of the city. Is just being finished, and is intended for the re-rolling 
of old rails ; no new iron is to be used in this mill. Has 3 engines and 1 doctor ; 

2 of the engines have each 30 in. cyls. by 28 in. stroke, and the third, which is for 
pumping, blowing and sawing, has a 14 in. cyl. by 30 in. stroke. Has 1 saw, 1 
punch, 2 pair of shears, and 2 lathes. 

215. INDIANAPOLIS Rolling Mill.— At south end of the city of Indianapolis. 
Was finished in the fall of 1857, and in Nov. ran through about 130 tons as a trial. 
Has a capacity of 12,000 tons, and is perhaps the best housed mill. in the country. 
A branch railway from the Union Depot brings in the old rails, and a short branch 
takes away the re-rolled ones. Plan, a parallelogram 140x220 feet ; the 6 heating 
furnaces, each heating a boiler, stand upon one side, facing the " tox) and bottom" 
'train and the finishing train. Two heavy engines occupy the centre of the build- 
ing, and facing the fly-wheels of each stands a doctor for pumping water for the 
rolls and the boilers ; a third doctor is used for cutting up the old rails, and a 
fourth for the lathe and saw machine. The machinery is very fine, and the ar- 
rangement of the whole mill admirable. A trial of Pittsburg coal, which cost 
delivered ;A4.50 per ton, has been made, but Indiana coal, which costs $3.00 de- 
livered, will bo hereafter used. The machinery and building were planned by 
Lewis Scofield, of Trenton, N. J., who also built the Wyandotte Mill and is build- 
ing the mill at Atlanta, Ga. (See plans.) (J. L., Jr.) 

216. WYANDOTTE Rolling Mill, No. 1.— On right bank of Detroit River, in 



Wyandotte Village, on Detroit and Toledo Railroad. Wyandotte R. M. Co'y, E. 
B. Ward, Tres. This mill was built in 18.35, and commenced in December of same 
year to make merchant bars and axles for home market. Plan, a square of 140 
feet to the south of, and opening into. Mill No. 2; is well arranged and has one 
large engine which drives the 3 trains, one pair large shears and a Burden squeezer, 
geared under ground ; also 2 doctors, one of which works the large hammer and 
lathe. (Part of this machinery was originally used in thg Utica, N. Y., Rolling 
Mill.) The six boilers are heated by the pudd. and heat, furnaces. This mill uses 
about 4,500 tons of Champlain ore annually for lining pudd. furnaces ; it costs, 
delivered, 8% dolls, per ton. Both mills use wood from the neighborhood and the 
"Briar Hill" bit. coal, which reaches the works by R. R. and boat from a point 
60 miles S. E. of Cleveland. Produced in 1857, 1,000 t. finished and 130 t, axles. 
Of the 903 tons pig metal consumed in 1856, 525 tons were "Lake Superior," and 
378 tons "Sterling." Of the production for 1856, 317 t. were from L. Sup. blooms, 
486^ t. from L. Sup. pig, 550^.^ t. from Scrap, and 343i^ t. from Sterling pig. 

217. WYANDOTTE Rolling Mill, No. 2.— Situated to the north of an.d opening 
into Mill No. 1. Plan, a parallelogram of 140 x ISO feet ; contains 8 heat, furnaces 
which heat the boilers ; has 2 100 horse power engines and 1 doctor ; has a capa- 
city of 12,000 tons and has made R. R. rails for tlie roads centering at Detroit and 
Chicago. This mill was finished at the close of 1856, made 8,634 tons reroUed rails 
in 1857, and this year (1858j has run one month, making 863 tons. Both these 
mills were to have commenced operation again on the 1st May. 

■ 218. BUFFALO E. Mill (Bufi'alo I. W'ks).— Is admirably situated at the north 
end, on a point of land between the Chicktawaga Creek and Niagara River, with 
the N. Y. Central R. R. on one side and the canal on the other (see plan). It is 
built in the form of a parallelogram 140 x 170 feet, with an extension, 65 x 40 
running southward, occupied by the 24 nail^achines. In the S. W. corner are 4 
puddling furnaces, and facing them are 4 others each surmounted by a boiler — each 
2 boilers are coupled at their east ends by a stack. Has 2 engines, one for the 
trains, shears and Burden squeezer, geared under ground, and one for the spike 
machine and another pair of shears (7 boilers in all). Has one bar, one spike and 
2 nail plate heating furnaces. Connected with this mill are the large iron, hard- 
ware and saddlery warehouses of Messrs. Pratt & Co., Terrace St., Bufi'alo. The 
nails, spikes and bar iron are shipped directly from the mill, by canal, to the 
warehouse door. " The coal used comes from Erie, Pa., and the ore for lining fur- 
naces from Lake Champlain. Made in 1854, 15,000 kegs of nails ; in 1853, 18,000; 
in 1856, 20,000 ; and in 1857, 2,000 kegs. The above is as nearly correct as we can 
estimate without spending more time in the search than at present we are able to 
do. We hope to be prepared at another time to give you exact figures and any 
other statistics which you may desire. Very respectfully, Hodgkins & Co." 
(Corr. May, 1858.) 

219. RICHARDSON Iron Works —On south bank of Owasco Outlet, under the 
walls of the prison, in Auburn, Cayuga Co. Was erected in 1853 and up to June 
1856 made axles from scrap iron ; since that, merchant bar iron has been added as 
one of its productions. "Works stopped in Sep. '57. Uses 1 large steam-power 
hammer for axles and 1 smaller one. Has 2 double heating furnaces, 1 for scrap, 
and the other for reheating. Uses Blossburg (semi-bituminous) coal. 1857, made 
up to date Sep. '57, 230 tons bar iron and ISO tons axles in 34* weeks. 

220. JEFFERSON R. M.— On Black River, in the village of Carthage. Uses 
blooms made in the forge alongside, and manufactures nails and horse-shoe iron 
for home market. Uses 1 forge hammer in place of squeezer. Attached is a ma- 
chine shop with lathe for axle work. 

221. BOQUET Iron Works.— On Boquet River, 2}i miles due west of Essex Vil- 
lage. Worked up blooms into merchant bars and washers, and up to time of stop- 
page January 1, 1857, made 28,000 lbs. nails per annum; sent South and West. 
Used Cumberland coal. Will probably go into opei'ation again. 

222. SABLE Iron Works. — At forks of the Au-Sable River. Use the blooms from 
their three forges and make nails and merchant bars for N. York market. Formerly 
used 6 forge fires and 3 furnaces heated by the waste flame from the forge fires, 
but this plan was given up, proving unprofitable as using more coal and producing 
poorer iron than by their present ordinary heating furnaces in which Cumberland 
coal and wood are used. Of the 3 trains of rolls one is not used. Uses neither 
hammer nor squeezer. The nail plates are heated (for cutting) in the steam boiler 
fires. A cupola furnace, for small castings necessary in shops, is attached. Made 
in 1854, 37,123 kegs nails ; in 18,55, 52,168 kegs ; in 1856, 38,612 kegs. The freshet 
of Oct. 1856 carried away their south-branch dam, and steam is now used to drive 
most of the nail machines. (J. L. Jan., Sep. '57.) Rolled from IFeb. '57 to 1 Feb. 
'58, 859 t. merchant iron and 2231 t. nail plate making 44,619 kegs of nails. (J. 
& J. R., May 14, '58.) 

223. PERU Iron Works.— In Clintonville, on north bank of Au-Sable River, 6 
miles west of Keesville. 

224. EAGLE Iron Works. — In Keesville, on north and south banks of An-Sable 
River. The w^orks, as comprised under this title, consist of 2 rolling mills and a 
large machine shop, where steam engines, rolling mill machinery, and heavy 
draught iron generally are made ; also edge tools of every description, merchant 
bars, horse shoes, &c. for the north, south, east and west markets. Uses Cum- 
berland coal. Use 1 pr. squeezers. Make from 350 to 400 tons nails per annum. 
These works were much damaged by great freshei of Oct. 1856. (J. L. Juu.) 



Addenda to Forge Notes. 



422. WHALLONSBURG Forge and the other three owned by Mr. Whallon and 
now in the hands of assignees, viz. 416, 417, and 420, have been doing very little 
this year (1S58). No. 422 made in 1845 and following years : ISO, 517, 647, 601, 600, 
674, 552, 519, 623 tons ; in 1854 made 80 tons bloom, 443 bar iron ; in 1855 made 
398 bars ; in 1856 made 30 tons blboms, 442 t. bars, from 1062 tons of ore ; in 1S57 
made 362 tons bars. Ran 4 fires 30 weeks in 1854'5'6, and 2 fires 40 weeks in 
1857. Has 2 hammers. (Corr. Wm. Van Vleck of late firm of Wallon & Van 
Vleck, May 19, 1858.) 

429, 4:M, 431, AU-SABLE Forge made, from Feb. 1 '57 to Feb. 1 '58, 666,, 00,, 3,, 
tons of iron. The two BLACK BROOK Forges made in the same time 2700,, 13 
tons. (J. & J. R., May 14 '15 ) 

489. BIG CREEK Forge produced, in 8 weeks, 16,000 lbs. of bar iron with cold 



blast and 50,000 lbs. with hot blast ; from brown oxide or hematite pipe oi'e, 
" yielding at least 50 per cent, in blooms and in hammered bar iron about 40 per 
cent. Price of charcoal delivered at the forge 4 cents per bushel. Ore abundant 
and of superior quality for bloomed iron." (A. B., Sup't., April 25, '58.) 

492. MARAMEC Forges. — "I make hammered iron by the old process, having 
2 anchony and 1 chafery fire,. . .from the raw pig, one ton of blooms (2464 lbs.) 
from 2700 lbs. raw pig, at a loss of only 10 per cent Our iron is undoubtedly the 
toughest and softest iron made in the world; made from the real specular ore ; will 
bend into any shape cold or hot, welds easily and pulls apart (like wax) but will 
not break. Have contracted with Chouteau, H V & Co., of St. Louis for the last 7 
or S years for all I make. They work it into boilers, boiler heads, rivets, and loco- 
motive tires. Would suit admirably for chain cables." (Corr. W. J., May 8, '58.) 



FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE MEMBERS. 
157 



NOTES TO TABLE K.— FURNACES OF THE WEST AND NORTH. 



MIDDLE KENTUCKY. 

546. BELMONT Furnace.— 3 miles S. E. from Salt River Furnace ; has 2 iron 
O'cyl. 40x60 inches, 14-15 revolutions. Was rebuilt in 18.53 and, together with 
Salt River and Nelson Furnaces, was bought, March 1858, by the present owners. 
Metal suitable for "strong machinery and mill" purposes. The 2d vol. of Owen's 
"Geol. Report," pp. 93, &c., describes its ores as "most abundant in the gray or 
ash colored shales [of For. VIII.] overlying the Black Devonian Slate [F. Vlll.] in 
(he S. E. part of the range of the knobs of Bnllit, extending along the waters of 
Cane River, south-eastwardly, into Nelson Co.," and therefore identical with the 
r>eculiar ores of Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania above No. VII. or the Oriskany 
S:tndstone. The section is as follows : Knob Freestone, locally enclosing ores 
(analysis No. 4S9). Gray Shales with kidney and sfieet ores (No. 488, 493) ; 50-70 
feet. Black shelly shale, locally enclosing limestone ; 15 feet. The same, grayer 
and more leafy ; 60 feet. Like the Coal measure Carbonates the.se ores of the 
Knob Formation vary from 3 to 8 inches, kidney balls being disseminated over a 
pavement of sheet ore. To get them out of the precipitous cliffs of the river bank 
and deliver at the furnace costs $1.50 to S2.00 a ton, stripping 20-25 feet at present. 
The iron is in request for nails. The ore analyses as follows: Spec. grav. 3.446 ; 
Iron 32.62; Magnesia 11.75; Lime 6 28; Manganese 1.32; Phosphoric acid 0.71; 
Sulphur 0,29; Potash 0.75; Silica, &c. 11.18. The /Ma; got near the furnace con- 
tains also 13.22 of Magnesia and 1.51 of Sulphur. (Dr. Peters' Report.) 

547. SALT RIVER Furnace.— 3 miles N. W. from Belmont Furnace and 1 mile 
from the Louisville and Nashville E. E., has not be«n in operation since 1863. 
Has 2 iron 0^ cyl. 25^x4 feet. Made a "tiJugh iron not surpassed for forge pur- 
poses" from the same ore as that now in use at Belmont Furnace. 

548. NELSON Furnace. — On the Lebanon Branch R. E. was rebuilt in 1853 and 
has 2 iron 0' cyl. 3x4 feet, 18 revolutions. The ores are Carbonate from the 
ueighborhood, in No. VIII. (Devonian, kidney, and block " Knob" ore) as at Bel- 
mont Furnace, got by stripping for $1,25 at the bank, and $2,25 delivered at the 
furnace. Considerable bodies of ore within a few hundred yards can be delivered 
for 75 cts. In Salt Spring Hollow this ore makes a solid 12-16 inch pavement, 28 
feet above the top of the black slates of VIII. Higher up just under the knob free- 
stone 8, poorer sheet ore can be got. The flux (Magnesian Limestone) comes from 
between Beech Fork and the furnace. Hearthstones come from Hart County. 
The knob ore is probably workable from southeast Bullit Co. into Larue. Beech 
prevails with some oak, hickory, poplar, walnut and cedars. (Owen's Report, 
111.95.) 

549. ALEXANDER'S Furnace.— On the south bank of Green River at a point 
formerly called Paradise, now Airdrie, 35 miles above Lock 2 (Ramsay), 10 miles 
below the mouth of Mud River (Lock .3), 4 miles above the crossing of the Lexing- 
ton and Nashville R. E. line, 10 miles by river above Lewisport and 10 miles 
E, N, £, of Greenville, Was finished last year but has not as yet gone into ope- 
ration. Has one iron O^ tight cyl. 6% ft, diam, by 8 ft. stroke. 

The old furnace out of blast 15 years was bought by R. S, C. A. Alexander about 
] 8.53 and its machinery removed. The new furnace was built for stone coal hot 
blast iron and the following analysis of Airdrie pig metal is given in Dr. Peters' 
Report, p. 340 (Owens, vol. iii.): Fine grained, light colored, readily filed, small 
fragments easily crushed under the hammer, sp. gr. 7,0067, contains Iron 88.428, 
Silica 6,216, Slag 3,090, Carbon 1,.55, Mang. 0.980, Mag. 0.3, Phos. 0.2, Sulp, 0,2 &c. 
" The large proportion of slag and silicon is doubtless owing to the high tempera- 
ture produced by the hot blast . . . easily removed by puddling." Iron redshort. 

Much has been said about the black band ore of this furnace, found in tlie roof 
of the Upper Airdrie Furnace Coal Bed or No. 12 of the Kentucky (Lesquereux) 
Report, (the third above the Pittsburg Bed, Lesq. ) the roof shales being sometimes 
parted by and sometimes entirely replaced by the black-band which itself con- 
tains no fossils, whereas the shales in its absence are full of fish teeth &c. (Les- 
quereux's Rep. to Owen, vol. iii. p. 648.) The analysis of this ore (Dr. Peters, No. 
704) is as follows: Lustre dull, grain fine, adhering to the tongue on the cross 
fractures, laminated, black outside, umber when broken, banded, sp. gr. 2.959, 
Iron 31.59S, Silica &c 16.260, C. Mag. 7.149, Bitumen 4.071, C. Lime 3.390, C. Mang. 
2.017, Phos. 0.428, Sulp. 0.246 &c. (See end of Note 622.) 

650. OLD BUCKNEE Furnace— On Battish Creek, 40 miles due south of Owens- 
boro' or Bonharbor on the Ohio River; failed (according to Owen's Rep. vol. i. p. 
139) not from deficiency or defect of ore, but from want of capital and a weak 
blast. Its slaty black-band contained (according to Dr. Peters' analysis (No. 150 
p. 348) Iron 36.50, Bitumen 7.87, Silica &c. 7.07, Mag. 6.57, Lime 3.25, Mang. 1.18, 
and needed a sand flux. The bed is two feet thick underlying ball ore shales and 
overlying 5 feet of black slate under which again is a coal bed 2>^ feet thick. 
Jenkins' ore band 4 miles S. E. yields a 43)^ per cent, brown hematite (Anal. No. 
146, p. 345) containing Silica 19, Water 11, Phosphor. 2.6. Lick Creek fossil ore 
IX miles S. E. Flux gray subcarb. L. 1 mile S. Hearthstones 1>^ mile E. The 
black band was struck on Pond Creek in Ford's well, 25 feet down, 19 inches 
thick, analyzing (Dr. Peters, No. 151) 36.8; and again between the furnace and 
Turners (No. 152) 31.17 per cent, of iron. 

WESTERN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. 

The iron bearing district of western Tennessee embraces that portion of the 
State lyiug mostly east of the Tennessee and south of the Cumberland Rivers, in 
the counties of Harding, Wayne, Lawrence, Lewis, Perry, Decatur, Humphreys, 
Hickman, Benton, Dickson, Montgomery, and Stewart; the first nine of which are 
drained by the Tennessee and Duck Rivers, while the Cumberland River in 
its westward course just touches the corner of Dickson and passes through 
Montgomery and Stewart Co. until it reaches Dover C. H. where it makes an ab- 
rupt turn, and runs northwesterly, nearly parallel to and at no great distance 
from the Tennessee, through Kentucky, to the Ohio. This district lies entirely 
across the State from south to north, and is 115 miles in length by about 50 in 
breadth, presenting, for the most part, an undulating plain surface, much cut up 
by water-courses. It presents but few indneements to the agriculturist, though 
wood is abundant, aflTording a cheap fuel for the furnaces and forges. Stone-coal 
will, no doubt, be extensively used at some not very distant day, as a raili-oad is 
now being constructed from Memphis, through this region, to open up the large 
;ind superior coal deposits of the upper Cumberland River. The roads traversing 
the country are with one or two exceptions bad and in the rainy seasons great 
inconvenience is felt in obtaining stock for the works. 

"Over this whole region valuable deposits, or banks, more or less isolated, some 
of them of great extent, are scattered. They are found in or in good part forming 
many of the knobs or ridges which lie between the small branches or skirting 
their valleys. At many points, these ridges, extending for one, two, or, in a few 
cases, even three miles, arc made up of deep and immense masses of flinty matter, 



or chert and ore mixed with clay, all resting upon a siliceous or cherty limestoho 
basis. The limestone does not always appear near the banks, being covered over 
by their loose masses to a depth of from fifty to two hundred feet — such being the 
thickness of the deposits. The ore occurs in great blocks, lumps and ' pots,' isolat- 
ed, or in heaps, or in irregular veins, layers, &c., from a foot to twenty or more 
feet in thickness, scattered at intervals through the banks of clay and chert. 

"With the single exception of the Marion bank, near Clifton, in Wayne Co. these 
ores all belong to one species — the brown iron ore, or limonite, comprising the com- 
pact ' honey comb' pot, and pipe ores and ochre — the three first being cotninon, 
and found at nearly all the banks. 'Pots' often occur filled with decomposing 
chert, frequently with water, and a few have been noticed enclosing splendid 
crystals of selenite or sulphate of lime. The pipe ore is abundant at some locali-> 
ties in Stewart." (J. M. Safford's Geol. Recon. of Tenn. pp. 47-48.) 

The following is an average of the results of five analyses made by Dr. Troost, 
from five different localities. Peroxyd of iron 76.5, Oxyde of Manganese 2.25, 
Water 13.6, Earthy matter and loss 8.1 : Percentage of pure iron 53,54. 

Over the region just described are scattered the furnaces named in the table, 
most of which, however, stand in the counties of Dickson, Montgomery and Stew- 
art. Of these, thirty-two are at present in full working order, though but fifteen 
are now running, or expect to run this year — their combined estimated yield be- 
ing 17.550 tons of metal. 

In 1854 there were 31 furnaces in blast, producing 37,917 tons. 
" 18.55 " 27 " " 32.784 " 

" 1856 " 26 " " 32.800 " 

" 1867 " 22 " " 28.328 " 

Charcoal is the only fuel used, and costs, delivered at the works, about $4. 00 per 
hundred bushels (pit measure). At all the furnaces the work is performed by ne- 
groes, with but one exception (Ashland Furnace), where it has been found better 
to employ Irish and German laborers for mining and hauling, negroes being only 
employed about the furnace itself The metal made at these works is shipped by 
steamboat to works on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, or is made up into blooms 
at the neighboring forges, and in that shape sold mostly to the rolling mills at 
home and abroad. 

The iron bearing district of Western Kentucky is an extension northward of the 
Tennessee district, and lies to the west and east of, and between the Cumberland 
and Tennessee Rivers, in the counties of Calloway, Trigg, Lyon, Caldwell, Livings- 
ton and Crittenden. In it there are at present in full working order ten furnaces, 
six of which are running this year, and will make about 7,500 tons of metal. 
There are two rolling mills both in full operation, and three forges, one of which 
only is running. 

The amount of pig metal produced in this region from Jan'y 1854 to Jan'y 1858, 
was 56,700 tons — 9 furnaces in 1854 making 13,300 tons ; 10 in 1856 — 12,300 tons ; 
10 in 18.56 15,500 tons : and 10 in 1857 making 15,600 tons. Here also charcoal is 
the only fuel employed and negro labor is preferred. Each proprietor hires on 
Christmas day from the surrounding plantations that number of hands which he 
will need for the ensuing year. The ores of the region according to analyses made 
by Dr. Peters, chemist to the Kentucky Geol. Survey, yield from twenty-five to 
fifty per cent, of iron ; the earthy siliceous matter varies from nine to fifty-four 
per cent., with usually small quantities of alumina, lime, magnesia, carbonic and 
phosphoric acid, and alkalies ; these latter ingredients being seldom over a frac- 
tion of one per cent. (Vol. 1- Nos. 139, 142, 143.) (Jos. Lesley Jun.) 

.551. HUREICANE Furnace. — On Hurricane Creek 2^ miles from its mouth and 
the Ohio Eiver ; commonly known as the "Jackson Furnace," the original struc- 
ture having been built by Andrew Jackson, Jun. in 18.33 ; one year later the pre- 
sent firm bought it, and about 300 tons were made per annum until the close of 1856. 
Rebuilt and blew in May 1857, running 26 weeks and producing 1200 tons of a 
superior quality of soft metal used by the rolling mills for mixing. The ore used 
is a brown hematite from the " celebrated Jackson bank" l}/^ mile distant. Has 
2 hor. iron 0' cyl. 41 x55 inches, 14 revolutions. 

652. CEITTENDEN Furnace. — Is the lowest down of the Cumberland River fur- 
naces. H.as 2 tight O' cyl. 32x44 inches, 12 r. (15 rev. steam crank). Blew out 
Christmas 1857 and will not run this year. Ore brown hematite from neighborhood. 

563. OZEORO (HOPEWELL) Furnace.— West of the Cumberland Eiver. Has 2 
tight 0' cyl. 32x44 inches, 12* r. (15* r. steam). Ore brown hem. from neighborhood. 

554, UNDERWOOD Furnace. — On the same side of the river as the last. Was 
abandoned the year of its ei-ection and made but a few hundred tons of metal. 

555. SUWAUNEE Furnace (Suwannee Iron Works.) — On the West Fork of 
Poplar Creek, 2f4 miles back from Cumberland River in the midst of a fine ore 
and timber country. Has 2 vertical iron 0' cyl. 3^x6 feet, 16-18 rev. per minute. 
Ore brown hematite, from the "Iron Mountain bank" 3 miles west of furnace; 
crops out around the summit of a hill 70 feet high and yields 50 per cent, in the 
furnace, producing a metal "particularly adapted to the making of steel ; is used 
in Pittsburg for that purpose and in Cincinnati for making boiler plate." 9 hands 
win quarry and dig suflicient ore to make 1600 tons of pig metal annually. Dur- 
ing the last four years the metal has been converted into blooms at Union Forge 
and thence shipped by river to market. The furnace blew out last Christmas and 
is not now in blast. It is at this furnace that Mr. Kelly's process for refining iron 
in the hearth has been most fully experimented upon — a full description of whicfe 
from Mr. Kelly himself, will appear at the end of the notes. 

666. OLD Furnace.— Stack alone stands. 

657. MAMMOTH Furnace. — One mile from the left bank of Cumberland River 
on Little Hurricane Creek ; was built by Chas. Stacker and bought Jan. 1 '56 by 
the present owners. Has 2 iron O'' tubs ,,34 x 3^ ft- 28 revolutions. Ore brown 
hematite from banks >^-J.i mile westward from furnace. 

5.58. FULTON Furnace.- 3 miles N. W. of Empire Furnace, and 2 miles W. of 
Tenn R. Mill. Was built bv Watson & Hillman. Has 2 hor. iron O^ cyl. 5x4 
feet, 25 revolutions. Has 2 boilers over T. H. with hot air pipe running along 
their side ; this is to be altered so that it will run under the boilers and thence 
down through a brick casing to the tuyeres. Charcoal 200 bus. pit measure to on© 
ton of metal. Ore brown hematite (" pot") from immediate neighborhood. This 
fnrnace and Nos. 559 and 560 work in connection, making metal for the rolling 
mill and also for St. Louis and the lower Mississippi. The hot blast has only 
been used since the spring of 1856. 

559. CENTRE Furnace,— 2}^ miles west of Empire Furnace. Was built by the 
present owner and blew in Jan. 1853, making in 47 weeks of that year 2089 J^ tons 
of metal. Has 2 boilers over T. H. and has 2 hor. iron 0' cyl.44x4S inches,16-20 
I revolutions. 



Kntered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 

United States in and for the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylyania. 



TABLE K— FURNACES 



158 

AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION. 



OF THE WEST AND 



siTtJATiojr ; owsEKs; p. o. address; lessees and managers. 



WHEN 
BUILT OE 
REBUILT. 



16^ KENTUCKY. 



546. Belmont. 

547. SaltEiver. 
648. Nelson. 

549. Alexander's. 

550. Old Buckner. 

651. Hurricane. 

552. Crittenden. 

653. Hopewell (Ozeoro). 

654 Underwood. 

555. Sawaunee. 

656. Old Furnace. 
557. Mammoth. 

658. Fulton. 

659. Centre. 

660. Empire. 

561. Laura. 

562. Liaeport. 
663. Gerard. 



J. B. Alexander & Co., O., LonisTille. W. Patterson, M. Beljnont Far- Bullitt. 
J. B. Alexander & Co., ons., Loaisville. No manager. [nace P. O. Bullitt. 
J.B.Alexander & Co., ons., Louisville. J B.Patterson, M. New Haven. Nblsok. 
R. S. C. A. Alexander, own. Wm. Torrance, M. GreenTille. (Airdrie. ) MtTHiENBURS. 

MtrHLEHTSUKCJ. 



26 miles south of Louisville. 
24 miles south of Louisville. 
40 miles south of Louisville. 
12* miles northeast of Greenville. 

7 miles S. S. E. of Greenville. 

10 miles northwest of Marion C. H. 
l}/^ mile northeast of Dycushurg. 

2 miles west of Dycusburg. 

3 miles S. E. of Hopewell Furnace. 
5 miles W. N. W. of EddyviUe. 

2 miles north of Eddyville. 
5 miles south of Eddyville. 

8 miles south of Eddyville. 

11 miles south of Eddyville. 

11 miles south of Eddyville. Ban. Hillman, owner & manager. Empire Iron Works P. O. Tkibg. 

On Cumberland Eiver near State line. J. J. Tomlinson, owner. J. F. Gentry, manager. Lanra Turn. P. O. Trigcs. 
On Cnmberlaud River near State line. Lewis, Irvin & Co., ons. Cumberland I. Wks. P. O., Stewart Co., Tenn. Tkigg. 
On Tennessee River near State line. Bridge, Tovmley & Co., ons. Mouth of Sandy P. O. Henry Co., Tenn. Calloway. 



Jno. W. Walker, of Nashville, & J. K. Haissell, owners-. Marioa P. O. 
G. D. Cobb, owner. C. C. Cobb, manager. Dycusburg P. O. 
Conner & Hughes, owners and managers. Dycu.sburg P. O. 
Built by Gen. White in 1846 and abandoned same year. 
Kelly & Co., owners and managers. Eddyville P. O. 



Crittenden, 
Cbittendkn. 

LlVINGSTOU, 

Lton. 
Lyon. 



Built by Stacker and Watson ; dismantled in 1845. Lyon'. 

Graffen'ried & Co., owners. J. L. James, Jr., main. Eddyville P.O. Lroif. 
Dan. Hillman, owner & manager. Empire Iron Works P. 0., Trigg Co. Lyon. 
Dan. Hillman, owner & manager. Brapire Iron Vf orks P. O. Trigs. 



1844'5.3! 

1832 

1834'53 

JS57 

1853'57 
184S 

1847'.>7 
1846; 
1846 

1830 
1845 

1845 
1852 

1843 
ISiiS 
1845 
1854 



17. TENNESSEE. 



664. Saline. 

565. Great Western. 

566. Iron Mountain. 

567. Peytona. 

568. Clark. 

669. Lagrange. 

670. Eclipse. 

671. Cross Creek. 

672. Rough and Ready. 

673. Bellwood. 

674. Bear Spring. 

575. Dover, No 2. 

576. Ashland. 

577. Union. 

578. Blooming Grove. 

579. Poplar Spring. 

580. Tellow Creek. 

581. Sailor's Rest. 

582. Montgomery. 

583. Phoenix. 

684. 0. K. (Antonio). 
585. Louisa. 

686. Washington. 

687. Mt. Vemoa. 

688. La Fayette. 

589. Tennessee. 

690. Cumberland. 

691. Carroll. 

692. Bellevue. 

693. Worley. 

694. Piney. 
595. Laurel. 
696. Jackson. 

597. Oakland. 

598. .Stua. 

599. Cedar Grove, 1. 

600. Cedar Grove, 2. 

601. Brownsport. 

602. Decatur. 

603. Marion. 

604. Forty-Eight, 1. 

605. Forty -Eight, 2. 



14 miles N. by W. of Dover C. H. 
18 miles northwest of Dover C. H. 
12 miles northwest of Dover C. H. 
8 miles W. N. W. of Dover C. H. 
S miles southwest of Dover C. H. 

10 miles southwest of Dover C. H. 

12 miles S. by W. of Dover C. H. 

7 miles N. of Cumberland Iron Works. 

5 m. N.E. of Cumberland Iron Works. 
3>^ m. N. of Cumberland Iron Works. 

1)4 m. N. W. of Cumberland I. Wks. 

3 m. S. W. of Cumberland Iron Works. 

8 m. S. by E. of Cumberland I. Wks. 

8 m. S. E. of Cumberland Iron Works. 

4 miles N. of Poplar Spring Furnace. 

13 miles W. by S. of Clarksville. 

14 miles southwest of Clarksville. 

15 miles southwest of Clarksville. 
12 miles southwest of Clarksville. 

14 miles southwest of Clarksville. 

15 miles S. S. W. of Clarksville. 
12 miles south of Clarksville. 

9 miles south of Clarksville. 
12 miles south of Clarksville. 
3 miles northeast of Louisa Furnace. 

1 mile west of Water Forge. 
6}i miles N. by W. of Charlotte. 
3 miles northwest of Charlotte. 
3 miles south of Charlotte. 

10 miles S. by W. of Charlotte. 

9 miles south of Charlotte. 

6 miles southeast of Charlotte. 
14 miles southeast of Charlotte. 

7 miles northwest of Centerville. 
6 miles southwest of Centerville. 

2 miles east of Perryville. 
2 miles east of Perryville. 
6 miles south of Perryville. 
14 miles south of Perryville. 

2* miles southwest of CarroUsville. 

5 miles east of Waynesboro'. 
5 miles east of Waynesboro'. 



Lewis, Irvin & Co., owners. Camberlaiid Iron Works P. O. 
Newell & Pritchett, owners. Clarksville, Montgomery Co. 
Ledbetter & Bostick, ov/ners (H. P. Bostick, Nashville P. O ) 
Thomas Kirkman, owner. T. Kiskmaii, Jr., manager. Dover P.O. 
Cobb, Phillips & Co., owners. W. Phillips, man. Standing Rock P. 0. 

Cobb, Phillips & Co., owners. W. Phillips, man. Standing Kock P. O 

Cobb, Phillips & Co., owners. W. Phillips, man Standfing Eoek P. O. 

Jordan, Brother & Co., owners. Indian Mound P. O. 

Barksdale, Cook & Co., owners. Indian MoiTud P. O. 

Woods, Lewis & Co., owners. E. H. Lewis, assistant ntanager. 

Woods, Lewis & Co., owners. Cumberland Iron Works P. O. 

Woods, Lewis & Co., owners. John A. Irvin, assi.stsnt manager. 

G. P. Wilcox Sc Co., O. G. P.Wilcox, M. Bowling Green, Cumb'd Co. 

Robt. McFall, owner, Palmyra P. O. , Montgomery Co. 

Built by Dorsan Bailis and abandoned ten or twelve years ago. 

J. H. Jones & Co., owners. J. H. Jones, manager. Clarksville P. 0. 
K Steels Co., ons. J. McDonalds A Brigham, mans. Clarksville P. O. 
Isaac D. West, owner. John Minor, manager. Clarksville P. O. 
Robertson, Russell & Co. W. B. R. & J. Spence, mans. Palmyra F. O. 
J. L. James, owner. Clarksville P. O. 

Dixon, Vanleer & Co., owners. T. Y. Dixon, man. Clarksville P. O, 
Jackson, McKiernan & Co. Steph. D. Walker, man. Clarksville P. O. 
Dr. Holmes, owner. Built by S. & J. Stacker. Is now a min. 
Jackson, McKiernan & Co., owners. Built by Baxter & Co. In ruins. 
Oliver Tinsley, owner. Probably built by Sam. Stacker. In ruins. 

Jackson, McKiernan & Co., owners. Only the stack standing. 
Anthony W. Vanleer, owner. Hugh Kirkman, man. Charlotte P. 0. 
Wm. C. Napier, owner. Wm. Thomas, manager. Charlotte P. 0. 
Built by Montgomery Bell. Abandoned about sixteen years ago. 
Jas. L. Bell, owner. J. M. Skelton, man. Charlotte P. O. 



(Napier k Holt, 1854.) 
Abandoned. 



Wm. H. Crntcher, of Nashville, owner. 

Wm. H. Crutcher, of Nashville, owner. 

Jackson Furnace Co. Charlotte P. O. 

Easley & Carothei-s, owners. P. N Maroony, man. Pine Wood P. O. 

Goodrich, Fell & Hillman, ownere. L. S. Goodrich, manager. 

Wm. Bradley & Co., owners. Wm. Bradley, man. Pen-yville P. O. 
Wm. Bradley & Co., owners. Wm. Bradley, man. Perryville P. O. 
Dick & McClure, owns. (Ewing, Dick & Co., 1854.) Decaturville P. O. 
GoUiday, Cheatham & Co., ons. 0. W. Carter, M. Clifton, Wayne Co. 

Jas. E. (of Columbia) & Sam. P. Walker (of Memphis), owners. 
Pointer Brothers, owners. Waynesboro' P. O. 
Pointer Brothers, owners. Waynesboro' P. O. 



Stewart. 
Stewarx 
Stewart. 
Stewarit. 
Stewart. 

Stewart. 
Stewart. 
Stewart, 
Stewart. 
Stewart. 

Stewart. 
Stewart, 
Stewart. 
Stewart, 
montsomert, 

Montgomery, 
Montgomery, 
Montgomery, 
Montgomery. 
Montgomery. 

Mowtgoihert. 
Montgomery. 
Montgomery. 
Montgomery. 
Montgomery. 

Montgomery. 

Dickson. 

Dickson. 

Dickson. 

Dickson. 

Dickson. 
Dickson. 
Dickson. 
Hickman. 
Hickman. 

Perey. 
Perry. 
Decatitr, 
Decatur. 

Hardin. 

Wayne. , 
Wayne. 



18. MISSOURI. 



606. Pilot Knob, 1. 

607. Pilot Knob, 2. 

608. Iron Mountain, 1. 

609. Iron Mountain, 2. 

610. Iron Mountain, 3. 

611. Maramec. 

612. Franklin (Moselle). 



North side of the Pilot Knob. 
86 miles S. S. W. of St. Louis. 
80 miles S. S. W. of St. Louis. 
80 miles S. S. W. of St. Louis. 

80 miles S. S. W. of St. Louis. 
90 miles W. S. W. of St. Louis. 
45 miles W. S. W. of St. Louis. 



19. ILLINOIS. 



613. Illinois. 

614. Martha. 



4 miles N. N. W. of Elizabethtown. 
4 miles north of Elizabethtown. 



1853 
1854 
18.54 
1847'5S 
IS? 

18? 

18? 

18.53 

JSoO 

18? 

18? 
18? '54 

1851 
185.3 
1834 

18? 

180Z 

1854 

18? 
18? 

18? '57 
18? 
18? 
1838* 
18? 

18? 

1790* 
18? '53 

182.5* 
1S44'54 

1832 
1815'54 
1833 
1854 
1846 

18? 
18? 
1S4S 
1854 

18? 
1846 
1846'58 



[ Pilot Knob Iron Co. Jno. S. McCune, Pres. Jos. S. Pease, Sec. Office ) Iron. IS49 

I 34 N. Commercial St., St. Louis. J. B. Baily, man. Pilot Knob P, 0. j Iron. ia55 

American Iron Mountain Co. St. Francis. 1846'5t 

James Harrison, President, St. Louis. St. Francis. 1S50'54 

John J. Scott, manager. Iron Mountain P. O. St. Francis. 1851 

T. James' heirs (Chilicothe, O.). W. James, less. & man. Maramec Crawford. 1826'56 

Franklin Iron Mining Co. T. W. Childs, manacer. [I. W. P. O. Franklin. 1S46 



C. Wolfe & Co., Cincinnati, owners. C. Henninger, M. Elizabethtown. Hardin. 
Saline Coal & Manuf. Co. Chas. Sellers, resident man. Elizabethtown. Hardin. 



IS? 
1849 



CoxuxuEjD OK pp. 162^ 163. 



159 



NORTHWEST. 



OFFICE 141 S. EIGHTH ST., PHILADELPHIA. 



June 1, 1858. 



o Eh 



l-l^ 






b ^ w ^--^ ^ 
-I ™o O 



g? -3 oio <D of of of 

p, ^j.g power, iron. 






a FL, 



^.9 



1849. 



PKODUCTION. 



1854. 1855. 1856. 

Wks. Wks. Wks. 



May :, 
1857. 185S. 

Wks. 



16. KENTUCKY. 



546. Belmont 

547. Salt River 

548. NeisBii 

549. Alexander's 
530. Old Buckner 

551. Hurricane 

552. Critteadea 

553. Ozeoro (H ) 

554. Underwood 

555. SuwauLuee 

556. Old Furnace 
55T. Mammotii 
558. Fulton 

5.59. Centre 

569. Empire 

561. Laura 

562. Lineport 

563. Gerard 



10 33 3„0 0„10„10 
10 33 2„4 ,,8 
10 33 3„0 0,,14„14 
15i 48 1«„6 „9 „9 
Abandoned. , , 



10 34 2„2 0,,18 

9 SO 2„6 „12 

9 30 2„6 „12 

Abandoned. .. 

10 35 2„6 0„12 

Abandoned. .. H. 

9„2 31i2„2 „10 H. C. 

11 S3 2„2 „I4 „12 H. 
10 S3 2„2 „22 K. 



C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 

H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 



Steam i. ii. m. 
Steam . III. 
Steam i. 
Steam 
Water? 

Steam i. it. III. 
Steam i. Ti. iii. 
Steam ii. 
Steam? 
Steam zi. 

Water? 
Steam ii. 
Steam i. ii. itr. 
Steam i. ii. in. 



91 33 2„2 a „14 H. Steam i. it. iii. 

W 49 2„» 0„13 6 H. Steam i. 11. 

Abandoned. .. .. H. Steam? 

lOi 34 2„6 „16 „12* H. Steam i. 11. in. 



1 „3-4i hot 2% 2350 

1 ? cold ? ? 

1 ,,3-4A hot 2% 1950 

6 „2X* bot .. 

. . . . cold . . 



1 „2% cold ? 

1 „2X cold ? 

2 , ,2% cold f 
.. .. cold . . 

2 „2J^ cold 3 

.. .. cold .. 

1 ,,2% cold ? 

n „2% H.&C. ? 

n ,,2% cold ? 

n „2% cold ? 

»1 „2X cold ? 

.. .. cold .. 

1 „2% 300° ? 



3000 
1600 
1600 



2500 
3750? 
2900 

2600 
2000 



420 10 1200* ,% 560 14 1140 26 In. 

out of blast, out of blast, out of blast, out of blast. Out. 

? ? 890 20 680 15 1290 32 In. 

Not built, not built, not built. not built. building. Out. 

Not built. 300* 20 300* 20 SCO* 20 1200 26* In. 

1100* ? 1300* ? 1200* ? 8,50* ? Out. 

? ? 804 27 1096 33 7S9 26 In. 

abandoned, abandoned, abandoned, in ruins. 

1690 41 1700 43 1600 42 1700 44 Out. 



Abandoned twelve 
1500* 40 
2000* 42 

Not built. 1908 40 

1818 45 
Not built. Hot builL 

stopped. 
Not built. 1500* 34 



years ago 
14.50* 40 
900* 22 
1120 26 



and now 
1500*- 40 
900* 20 
2130>J46 



in rums. 

1600* 48 In. 

1044 22 In. 

1.500* 30 In. 



ISOl 45 1836 45 1400 35 In. 

700 18 1500* 44 1700* 44 Out. 

abandoned, abandoned, in ruins. 

1500* 34 1600* 36* 1595 34 Out 



17. TENNESSEE. 



12,236 



13,664 14,902 



15,808 



561. Saline 9 35 2„6 „16 

565. Great West'n 10 40 ]„ia „10 

566. IronMount'n 10^-42 1„8 ,,14 

567. Peytona 9 42 H„0 „20 

568. Clark 9i 34 2„2 ,,12 



569. Lagrange 

570. Eclipse 

571. Cross Creek 

572. Bough & Ey. 

573. Bellwood 



a 36 2„2 „12 

9i 35 2„2 0,,12 

10 41 2„2 ,,12 

S 30 2„6 0„ ? 

9 33 1„10 „ 6 



574. Bear Spring 9 28 1„10 „12 

575. Dover, No. 2 9 32 1„1(( „12 

576. Ashland 9 35 2„9 „ 10 

577. Union 9 35 ],,10 „10 

578. Blooming Gr. Abandoned. 

579. Poplar Spring 9^ 364 2„0 „10 

580. Yellow Creek 7 31 1,,8 „ ? 

581. Sailor's Rest Si 37 2„2 „12 
682. Montgomery 9 38 2,, 2 ,,10 
583. Phoenix Abandoned. 



584. 
585. 
586. 
587. 
586. 

589. 
590. 
591. 
592. 
593. 

594. 
595. 
596. 
597. 
598. 

.599. 
«00. 
601. 
602. 



O.K. (Anton.) 9 34 1,,10 0, 

Louisa 9 33 1„10 , 

Washington Abandoned. 

Mt. Vernon Abandoned. 

La Fayette Abandoned. 



Tennessee 

Cumberland 

Carroll 

Bellevue 

Worley 

Piney 

Lauiel 

Jackson 

Oakland 

.^tna 

Cedar Gr., 1 
Cedar Gr., 2 
Brownsport 
Decatur 



Abandoned. 
9i 29 2„0 

8 30 1„10 , 
Abandoned. 

Si^ 36i 1„8 0, 

9 35 1„10 , 
9 28 1„10 , 

10 47 1„10 , 
7 30 1„7 , 
9i 30 2,,0 , 

9 30 1„10 

7i 30 1„10 0' 

lOi 31 1„10 , 

9i 40 2„6 , 



603. Marion 9 30 2„0 .. 

604. Forty-eight, 1 8 27 2„0 „15 

605. Forty-eight, 2 8 27 2„0 „15 



H. Steam i. n. in. 

H. Steam i. 11. iir. 

H. Steam i. 11. in. 

H. Steam i. 11. in. 

H. Steam n. 



H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 



Steam n. 
Steam n. 
Steam I. n. in. 
Steam n. 
Steam n. iil 



H. Steam IL in. 
H. Steam 11. iil 

Steam i. 

Steam i. n. in. 

Steam? 



H. 
H. 
H. 



H. Steam n. in. 

H. Steam 11. in. 

H. Steam L n. in. 

H. Steam i. IL iil 

H. Steam 



H. Steam 

H. Steam 

H. Steam? 

H. Steam? 

H. Steam? 



IL III. 



Steam? 
Steam i. IL 
Steam i. n. in. 
Steam? 
Steam I. n. in. 



H. 
H. 
H. 



Steam i. n. in. 

Steam I. ri. iil 

Water i. n. in. 

H. Steam 1. 

H. Steam i. 

H. Steam i. It. in. 

H. Steam i. n. iil 

H. Steam i 11. in. 
H. Steam ? 

H. Steam 

H. Steam i. 

H. Steam i. 



1 „2% 
'1 „25i 
21 ,,2'A 

2 „2>i 
1 „23i 

1 -,2% 

1 ,fia 

'1 „2% 
1 „2X 
1 „2« 

1 „2K 

1 „2% 
1 „2>i 



^1 „2K 
1 „3 
1 „2>4 
1 „2^ 



1 91^ 
1 21^ 



cold 
cold 
cold 
cold 
cold 

cold 
cold 
cold 
cold 
cold 

cold 
cold 
cold 
cold 
cold . . 

cold ? 
cold ? 
cold ? 



2000 
2900 
3500 
1830 
2150 



? 
? 
? 
2 
? 

? 1950 

? 1550 

? 2530 

? 2100* 

4 1S59 

4 2000 

4 2000 

? 1876 

? 1620 



Not built 1200 ? 

Not built. not built 

Wot built 1015 2« 

? 1637 41 

? 585 17 

? 1910 44 

? 641 17 

Not built. 1905 50 

Building. 1300 50 

? 1998 47 

? 962K ? 

Not in blast rebuilding. 

Not built. 1200 ? 
Not built 550 26 

abandoned 



1900 

2400 

2250 

? 3200 



1 2 '4 

1 "Xra 
"i ,',i'A 

1 „2« 

1 »2>^ 

2 „3 

1 „^y2 

1 „2% 

1 „Vi 

1 >,2% 

1 „2>i 

2 „2 



1 „2% 
1 „2% 



cold 
cold . . 

cold 2X 2000 

cold ? 2100 

cold .. 

cold .. 

cold . . 

cold .. 

cold 

cold 

coUl 

cold 



? 1500 
? 1000 



? 2050 

cold ? 3050 

cold ? 2160 

cold ? ? 

cold ? 2SS0 
cold li^? 1920 

300° ? ? 
300° ? ? 

hot ? 2475 

cold ? 3500 

cold ? ? 

cold ? 1730 

cold ? 1730 



Qoiinblst notinblst notinblst Out. 

13.50*34 1036*32 notinblst. Out 

1200*30 1200*30 notinblst Out 

1793 43 716 IS 1812 46 In. 

1000* ? 1200 31 not in blst Out 



1712 41 

00 

1800* 34 

450 ? 

1991 46 



15.59 41 
1291 .33 
1600* 32 
700* 22 
1838 46 



1750 39 
550* 17 
1500* 30 
not in blst. 
2035 49 



out of blst. dismantled, in ruins. 
1838>i46 2025 47 1537 40 
out of blst 550 13 1150 23 
out of blst. out of blst out of blst. 
mure than ten years ago; in ruins. 



? 

? 
Not built 



Abandoned. 
Abandoned. 



Not built. 
Abaudoued. 



1175 ? 

700 20 

600 30 

1000? ? 

1500 50 



1300 ? 600 15? 

1050 30 875 2.5 

1000* 23* 1300* 35* 

1202 33 1336 36 

out of blst out of blst. 



1160 28 13iO 39 

21423^46 203tJ^46 

abandoned nineteen 

abandoned nineteen 

abandoned many 

abandoned six 
1736 49 1892 50 
1050 39 320 34* 

abandoned sixteen* 
950 ? 1200* 40 



Not built. 



? 

? 
? 
Not built 

? 
? 

? 



1731 ? 

357 16 

50 ? 

3S5 13 

1509 39 

I 1500? ? 

2109 50 
building. 

913 26 

I 2115 52 



1000* 36 
657 40 

out of blst. 
775* 30* 
984 24 

1000 42 

1900 48 
1300 30 



1180 31 
2000* 42 . 
years ago, 
years ago, 
years ago, 

years ago, 
1760 38 
750 34 
years ago, 
1200* 40 

600* 20 
out of blst 
out of blst 
1200* 34* 
out of blst 

900 42 

15.50 40 
1976 48 



In. 

Out 

Out 

Out 

In. 

Id. 
In. 
Out 
Out 

Out 

In. 

lu. 

In. 

Out 

In. 
In. 



350* 14 

580 20 
1400 371^ 
141014:55 
out of blst 

1100 35 
1900* ? 
in ruins, 
in ruins. 
in ruins. 

in rains. 
1S31 4S 
984 42 
in ruins. 
1200* 40 

400* 16 Out 
abandoned. .. 
oat of blst. Out 

in blast In. 
out of blst Out. 

1250 39 In. 

1525 .S3 In. 
1500 34 Out. 



In. 
Out 



In. 



out of blst out of blst. Out 
1284i.<;30 1285* 40 Out. 



18. MISSOURI. 



37,918 >4' 33,683 



32,226 



27,050 



606. Pilot Knob, 1 9| 45 3„4 „18 M. Steam i. 

607. Pilot Knob, 2 10 45 3,,4 ,,18 ,,13 M. Steam i. 

608. Iron Mut., 1 9 31 4,,0 ,,14 ,,14 M. Steam I. 

609. Iron Mnt, 2 9 32^ 4„0 „14 M. Steam L 

610. Iron Mnt., 3 9^ 38 4,,0 „14 ,,14 M. Steam i. 

611. Maramec 9 '^Si 2,, 6 „9 M. Water L 

612. Franklin 9^ 38 3,,0 ,,12 H. Steam i. 



2 „2% cold 3 3560 Building. 

2 ,,3 600° 3 5650 Not built 

2 „3 600° 3i I ,„o„ < ? 

1 „3 cold 3i 5 *'^"" I Not built 

II, 2 „3 6000 4 30.50 Not built 

n. 1 „3 cold 2 2500 ? 

IL in. 2 „2Jf cold 44 m. ? ? 



1575 41 
not built 
1722 39 
ISSl 40 

building. 
1213 34 
1200* 30 



823 21 

789 15 

2103 47 

2149 47 

2317 35 

.. 

2000* 40 



1157 17 

1024 23 

967 20 

2157 34 

4202 35 

960 16 

1800* 43 



1039 16 Out. 

3134 29 Out 

490 10 In. 

1922 25 In. 

2.553 19 Out 

1000? .. In. 
out of blst ? 



19, ILLINOIS. 



7,591 



10,181 12,267 



10,138 



613. Illinois 

614. Martha 



10 35 2„6 „12 „12 
10 40 2„3 „10*,,10* 



H. Steam ? 
H, Steam ? 



1 ,,31 300°&C, ? 1620 ? 

n ,,2i 600°&C. ? 2430* Building. 



800* 30* 
700* 20* 



800* 30* 
700* 20* 



700* 18* 
700* 20* 



1800* 44* In. 
out of blst Out. 



1,500 



1,400 



1,800 



Approximately true or estimated. 



? Doubtful, or unknown. 



COMTIFOED ON pp. 162, 163, 



160 



360. EMPIRE Fuvaace.— On tlie left bank of the Cumberland Eirer, 1 mile 
above (S.) the Tenn. R. M. and Forge. Was built by T. T. Watson and sold to the 
present owner in the autumn of 1849. Has 2 boilers over T. H. and 2 hor. iron 
O' „34 X 4 feet, 25-30 revolutions. The tunnel heads of Fulton, Centre and this 
furnace were all enlarged to 4 feet during April of this year, to prepare for the 
introduction of the patent conical-bottom filler now so successfully used at the 
Iron Mountain furnaces, Mo. These furnaces are all in full blast this year. 

561. LAURA Furnace. — 2 miles west of the Cumberland River and 3 miles north 
of the State line. Was built by Gentry, Gnnn & Co. Has 2 iron 0^ cyl. 40x48 
inches, 14-15 rev. Uses brown hematite (mostly "pot") ore from neighborhood. 

562. LINEFORT (OLD STACKER) Furnace. — On the right bank of Cumberland 
River. Was built by Stacker & Raybure and abandoned in 1854. 

56.3. GERARD Furnace. — 2 miles west of the Tennessee River and 1% mile N. 
of the State line. Was built by Browder, Kennedy & Co., and made iron for the 
St. Louis market. 

WESTERN TENNESSEE FURNACES. 

564. SALINE Furnace. — 2 miles east of the Cumberland River and 3 miles from 
Lineport Furnace in Ky. Was built by Lewis, Stewart & Co. Has 2 iron O' cyl. 
40x66 inches, 14 revolutions. Blew out at Christmas 1854 and will never run 
again unless new and good ore banks be discovered in the neighborhood. A small 
portion of her metal was made into kettles. 

565. GREAT WESTERN Furnace. — Near the State line on the dividing ridge 
between the Tenn. and Cumberland Rivers. Was built in 1834 by Brian, Newell 
& Co. ; commenced running in 18.55 when their "little engines without fly-wheels 
broke up upon the first trial." A new engine was immediately erected and the 
furnace ran during the remainder of that year and in 1856, since when it has lain 
idle. Makes mostly No, 1 iron from brown hematite ores in the vicinity. Has 2 
hor. iron 0' cyl. 40x 66 inches, 16 revolutions. Charcoal costs 5 cts. per bushel. 

566. IRON MOUNTAIN Furnace.— Was built by Brien, Newell & Co. who sold 
it in Dec. 1854 to Brien, Ledbetter & Co. who again sold it to the present owners. 
It has laid idle since Dec. 1855 and will not be run this year. Has 2 hor. iron 0"^ 
cyl. ,,50 X 6 ft., 12 revolutions. Uses brown hematite, both pipe and pot ore, 
scattered over the surface of the ground in the neighborhood. No permanent bank 
has as yet been discovered. 

567. PEYTONA Furnace. — Between the two rivers. Has 3 iron O cyl. 3 feet 
diam. by 4 ft. stroke ; 16-18 revolutions per minute. Makes mostly No. 1 iron for 
the St. Louis market, from rich brown hematite ores ^ of a mile north and 1 mile 
south of the furnace. Size of tuyere nozzle varies from 1^4 to 3 inches, but a 2^^ 
in. nozzle has been found to be the best. Hot blast for the first time was applied 
this year. Tunnel heads of 20, 22, and 24 in. have been successively used and 
discarded as unsatisfactory and have given place to the 48 inch (?) arrangement 
of the Iron Mountain Furnace in Missouri. 

568. CLARK Furnace. — On Leatherwood Creek, 2 miles above and a little N. of 
E. from Lagrange Furnace. Has 2 iron tubs ,,40x5 feet, 13 revolutions. Ore 
brown hematite from 1^4 mile N. of W. from furnace. Owned by other parties in 
1854 and '53. Has not run since Dec. 1856. 

569. LAGRANGE Furnace. — On Leatherwood Creek, 1 mile north of Tennessee 
- River, 6 miles N. of W. from Eclipse Furnace, and 90 miles above Paducah. Has 

2 tubs 3>^ x4 feet, 13 revolutions. Ore brown hematite from banks 1)^ mile down 
the river. Was changed in Jan. 1857 from a cold to a hot blast furnace and will 
run during a part of this year. 

670. ECLIPSE Furnace. — On Hurricane Creek, 4 miles north of the Tennessee 
River and 35 miles S. of W. from Clarksville. Has 2 blowing tubs 3%x4 feet, 14 
revolutions. Uses brown hematite ore from the banks 2 miles west of furnace. 
Is not running this year. 

571. CROSS CREEK Furnace.— Was built in 1853 by Newell, Irvin &Co., and 
taken possession of by the present owners in Jan. 1857. Has 2 hor. iron O^ cyl. 
44x54 inches, 14 revolutions. Ore brown hematite from the immediate neigh- 
borhood producing an iron which is for the most part worked up at Valley Forge. 
Charcoal 175 bushels (costing 6 cts. per bus.) to the ton of metal. 

572. ROUGH AND READY Furnace.— Was built by Cobb, Bradley & Co. in 
the winter of 1849'.50. Has 2 hor. iron O^cyl. 38x42 inches, about 20 revolutions. 
Has not run since 1856. > 

573. BELLWOOD Furnace.— >^ mile from the north bank of the Cumberland 
Elver, at a point 3^ miles north of the Cumberland Iron Works. Has 2 hor. iron 
0'= blowing tubs „34 x 4 feet stroke, 17 revolutions per minute. Makes sugar ket- 
tles. The ore used (brown hematite) is the same as that which supplies Dover No. 
2 and is got from the " Bear Spring Ore Bank," situated about ^ of a mile due 
west from the mouths of North and South Cross Creeks. This bank, which has 
been mined since 1829, occurs at the end of one of the fingers of the long dividing 
ridge between Cross Creek waters and Bear Spring Hollow. Along this ridge, but 
principally in its fingers, many banks, afi'ording a very superior quality of iron 
ore, have been opened and are now worked. At one of these banks, some 2 miles 
N. W. of Dover No. 2 and 5 miles W. from Cumberland Iron Works, appears a 
solid bluff of very rich ore intimately mixed with fine flint rock to such an extent 
that the ore cannot he used for fear of chilling up the furnace. From the.se banks 
small cars, drawn by mules, convey the ores without transshipment over a cast 
iron railway of cheap and simple construction to the river bank, where they are 
let down by a windlass over an inclined plane on to a long boat which is employed 
to float them to the north bank. There they are taken up by a similar plane to a 
railway, X a mile long, leading to the furnace. This furnace is in full blast and 
will remain so until July, when new boilers will be put over the tunnel head and 
the latter arranged so as to apply the patent filler now in use at the Iron Moun- 
tain furnaces. 

574. BEAR SPRING Furnace.— On the Clarksville and Dover road is now a 
ruin. It made some iron in 1854 stopping Aug. 12th, since which time the ma- 
chinery has been removed to Dover Furnace, No. 2, and its stack alone remains 
Its ore bank in the immediate vicinity is still very rich. A well here communi- 
cates, at a depth of 40 feet, with a subterranean stream which has its source in 
Bear Spring Hollow. 

575. DOVER, No. 2 Furnace.— On South Cross Creek was idle from 1842 to 1854 
when It was rebuilt. Has 2 hor. iron 0^ cyl. ,,34x4 feet, 20 revolutions Makes 
a cold blast charcoal iron, which is worked up in the forge and rolling mill and 
then shipped by river to Nashville and other markets. A change wi?l be made 
in the beginning of next year in the arraugemeut of the tunnel head of this fur- 
nace, which with the two preceding ones (Nos. 571, 575) Randolph Forge (No 478 
Table I) and Cumberland R. Mill (No. 207, Table J) are all under the -eneral 
management of Mr. Georgo T. Lewis. 



576. ASHLAND Furnace —6 miles S. W. of Bowling Green. Has 2 hor. iron 
0^ cyl. ,,32x4 feet, 22 revolutions. Since the enlargement of the tunnel head to 
33 inches and a slight improvement in the blast this furnace has made better 
yields. It is now contemplated to increase the T. H. to 4 feet, and Mr. Wilcox 
thinks of applying one of Kelly's patent tuyeres for refining the gray pig in the 
hearth. The ore used is a very rich brown hematite (" pot" and "pipe" mostly) 
found within a K mile of the furnace, hut is very hard to get. Some of this ore is 
found in thin slabs, which, when struck, ring like metal. The charcoal used costs 
about 5 cts. per bus. which is about the average for this region. Besides the negroes, 
Germans and Irish are employed here. The dressed sandstone blocks composing 
the stack were first used in the Van Buren Furnace built by Bronsen more than 
20 years ago and again in the Biron Forge. 

577. UNION Furnace.— 2;!^ miles south from the Cumberland River at Bowling 
Green and 4 miles N. E. of Ashland Furnace, was built by Stanfield & Kimble iu 
1853 ; its first blast was commenced in April 1854 and lasted 6 months, making 550 
tons of metal, since when it has remained idle probably owing to the scarcity of 
ore in that neighborhood. It is in working order and has 2 hor. iron O' blowing 
tubs 3x4 feet, and used to run 15 revolutions per minute. 

578. BLOOMING-GROVE Furnace.— One mile S. of the road leading from Dover 
C. H. to Clarksville. Now in ruins. 

679. POPLAR SPRING Furnace.— 3 miles N. of the Cumberland River in Lat 
36° 30'. Has 2 loose 0^ tubs 34x48 inches. 18-21 revolutions and is run during 
only a portion of each year. Ore brown hematite, of a superior quality, lying 
around the works, the heaviest deposits occurring IJ^ mile west and X mile south. 

680. YELLOW CREEK Furnace. — This furnace since the application of a new 
blowing apparatus (2 hor. iron 0'' cyl. 40 x54 inches, 16 revolutions) three years 
ago has been producing a white refined metal (which is equivalent to ordinary 
gray metal passed through the cupola run-out) and thus Mr. Steel has been enabled 
to throw out of his forge the run-out fire formerly in use. Water power was used 
in 1854. Uses a very superior "pipe" (brown hematite) ore which is worked by 
drifts under 100 feet of cover. Furnace will run during a part of this year. 

581. SAILOR'S REST Furnace.— In the S. W. corner of the county. Has 2 hor. 
iron 0^ cyl. 3% x 4}^ feet, 16 revolutions per minute. Ore brown hematite ("pipe") 
from banks 1 mile from the river and 1 mile from the mouth of Yellow Creek. 
Now in blast. 

582. MONTGOMERY Furnace.— 1% mile south of Palmyra P. O. Has 2 loose 
02 tubs 3>3 X 514 feet, 16 revolutions. Ore brown hematite (" pipe" and " block") 
from 3 banks : the best is X mile north of Palmyra, and the other two are located 
1}^ m. N. N. E and 1>^ m. due south. 

583. PHOiNIX Furnace. — Ran out in 1854 and has been idle ever since. 

584. O. K. (ANTONIO) Furnace.- On East Yellow Creek, 6 miles S. E of Pal- " 
myra P. O. Has 2 iron, loose, O^ tubs ,,38x4 feet, 18 revolutions. Ore brown 
hematite (honey comb, pot and pipe) from four banks ; 280 yards due east, 180 
yards S. E., 430 yards due north, and a short distance due west, the whole lying 
along three lines of hills which enclose the furnace. At one of these banks, over 
limestone, are seen blocks, lumps, and pots of ore, isolated or in masses 4 to 5 feet 
thick, scattered through the clay and chert ; this ore yields 40 per cent, raw, or 
56 to 68 per cent, roasted. It is exposed by stripping, and worked by Irish and 
German laborers who raise four loads (1 }i ton per load) per day for one dollar 
per load. "In 1866 made 110 tons high and 1070 tons gray — red short metal. 
Furnace burnt down and rebuilt 1857, and Dec. 25 of same year Mr. Vanleer 
retired from the firm. '""(Correspondence.) Blew in March 29, 1858. 

685. LOUISA Furnace. — 7 miles south of the Cumberland Elver and 30 miles N. 
of W. from Nashville. Has 2 horizontal tight 0' tubs 3>ix4 feet, 16 revolutions. 
Ore hematite from a bank 600 yards west in a range of hills running N. and S. ; 
the " ore is found from the surface to a depth of 60 feet." Makes luetal for a 
neighboring forge whence the blooms are sent to Cincinnati for boiler plate, and 
some castings for the neighborhood (this amount not included iu the table). Keep 
a moulder during a greater part of the year. 

686. WASHINGTON Furnace. — 1 miles N. N. W. from La Fayette Furnace, on 
the old county road from Charlotte to Clarksville. Abandoned. 

5S7. MT. VERNON Furnace.- 4 m. N. N. W. of Louisa Furnace. Was a double 
stack furnace which ran but one year. Abandoned. 

688. LA FAYETTE Furnace.— 2 miles north of Tennessee Furnace on the old 
road leading from Charlotte to Clarksville, is in ruins. Was owned by Wm. M. 
Stewart when abandoned. 

589. TENNESSEE Furnace.— 5 miles N. W. of Steam Forge and 2 miles south of 
Tennessee Furnace. Abandoned. 

590. CUMBERLAND Furnace.— On the Iron Fork of Barton's Creek. Has 2 
iron O'^cyi. 2i^ diam. 4J^ feet stroke, 18 revolutions per minute. Ore used is a 
brown hematite (pot and honey comb) from 2 ridges ; the banks used are 1 and 
iX mile distant. In 1855 made 66 t. hollow-ware ; in 1856, 190 t.; and in 1857, 174 
t. castings. Makes a gray foundry metal. 

591 CARROLL Furnace. — On a branch of Barton's Creek. Has 2 iron 0' loose 
tubs 3x4 feet, 17 revolutions. Ore brown hematite from 2% miles west of the 
furnace on another branch of Barton's Creek. Furnace ran badly in 1855. Is now 
out of blast hut will run in again about Sept. 1 to make about 300 tons of metal 
after which it will probably be abandoned. Sends metal to Cincinnati, to the 
foundries in Nashville, and to Henry Clay Forge. 

,592. BELLEVUE (Old MAMMOTH) Furnace.— On Jones' Creek. Had a 11 ft. 
bosh and was 43 ft. high. Built by Montgomery Bell and leased from 1831 to 1834 
by Robt. Steel ; then leased to Jas. L. & John J. Bell, and finally abandoned, 
charcoal being scarce and the ore, though good and plenty, 9 miles o£f, and the 
river 18 miles. Nothing now remains. 

593. WORLEY Furnace.— Was built by Montgomery Bell. Has 2 hor. iron O' 
cyl. 34x54 inches, 18 revolutions. Makes an iron which is mostly worked up 
into blooms at Patterson Forge. Ore brown hematite (pot) which is abundant, 
rich, and worked from banks 300 yards distant from and on a level with the tunnel 
head. Two mules haul all the ore necessary to run this furnace. Charcoal coats 
delivered 5 cents per bushel, but is difficult to procure in the muddy season. 
Will run about half of this year. 

.594. PINEY Furnace.— 2J^ miles E. S. E. from Worley Furnace, was built by 
Richard Napier, and has 2 hor. iron 0' cyl. (,,40x5 feet, 18 revolutions), with a 
receiver attached, "the only one in this district of country." Ore brown hema- 
tite, 3 miles, "very good but hard to get." Out of blast this year and will pro- 
bably never run again. 

,595. PINEY Furnace. — 9 miles east from Worley Furnace, was built by Richard 
Napier and rebuilt by Wm. C. Napier. Had 2 vertical iron 0' cyl. 34x54 inches, 
20 revolutious. Ore brown hematite, }i mile off but hard to get at, and 9 miles oflf, 



161 



too far to haul. Of the 637 tons made in 1855, 377 t. were dark gray, the balance 
bright and mottled ; '* this metal was run out in a finery at the furnace and made 
into blooms at White Bluff and Turnhull Forges. Furnace now abandoned and 
used as a camp-meeting ground, the pulpit being in the run-out arch. 

596. JACKSON Furnace. — 12 miles east from Worley Furnace, was built by 
Montgomery Bell and is now owned by Moses Tidwell, T. K. Grigsby, and others, 
of Charlotte. Has 2 old wooden, vertical O tubs 6 feet diam. i}4 feet stroke. Ore 
banks 7 miles to the S. S. W. Made a little metal in 1854 and has laid idle ever 
since ; will probably never run again. 

597. OAKLAND Furnace.— Has 2 iron C cyl. 3x4>i feet, 24 revolutions. Ore 
brown hematite from banks 1 and 1>^ mile south. When fully manned this furnace 
will produce 1500 t. per annum. "We design building a new stack soon." (Corr. 
Feb. 8, 1858.) 

598. iETNA Furnace.— Has been out of blast since the fall of 1855 ; has a capa- 
city of 1800 t. per annum, and blew with 2 hor. iron 0' cyl. ,,34 x 4 feet, 20 revo- 
lutions. Ore brown hematite, mostly "honey comb." 

599. 600. CEDAR GROVE Furnaces, Nos. 1 and 2.— Have one blowing apparatus 
for both stacks, which are used alternately, the boilers resting on both. Use brown 
hematite (lump) ore from the vicinity. One of the stacks in operation this year. 

601. BROWNSPORT Furnace.— 3 miles west from the Tennessee River, was 
built by Lanier & Falls. Has 2 iron 0» hor. cyl. 40x60 inches, 14^16 revolutions. 
In blast this year. 

602. DECATUR Furnace.— On the left bank of the Tennessee River, 6 miles W. 
of Clifton P. 0., Wayne Co. Has 2 hor. iron 0' cyl. ,,44x5 feet, 16 revolutions. 
Has a seveuty-flve horse-power engine, and the stack is 38 feet square at base ; 
capacity 2000 tons ; 607 tons have been produced in a 3 months' blast. Ran out 
Dec. 1857 and idle this year. Ore banks 1-lJ^ mile east of furnace. 

603. MARION Furnace. — Near the right bank of the Tennessee River directly 
south from Decatur Furnace. Capacity 2000 tons. 

604. 605. FORTY-EIGHT, 1 and 2, Furnaces.- On Forty- Eight Mile Creek, and 
central pike leading from Columbia to Memphis, 20 miles from Clifton on the 
Tennessee River. Twin stacks, built of brick, with one blowing apparatus, 2 
iron O' tubs ,,34x4>^ feet, 16 revolutions per minute. Ore brown hematite (pot) 
good and in large quantities, 200 yards east. The.se stacks were purchased Jan. 
1, 1855 by the Pointer Bros., who are now tearing them down and erecting a single 
cold blast furnace, 10 feet in the bosh, 35 feet square at the base, and 42 high, with 
a capacity of 15 tons per day; 2 tuyeres, 3 in. nozzle; 2 blowing tuba of 40 in. 
diam. and o}i feet stroke. 

MISSOURI. 

606. PILOT KNOB Furnace No. 1.— Six miles south from the Iron Mountain ; 
was built in 1849 ; has a cold blast, with 3 iron 0- cyl. 3 ft. diam. 4 ft. stroke, 21 
revolutions. Blew out Oct. 4, 1857; expected to blow again about May 1, '58. 
Since July 1853 has made five blasts, the first of .56 weeks averaged 36 4-5 tons 
per week ; the second of 25 weeks averaged 29,'^ tons ; the third of 17 weeks aver- 
aged 43 tons ; the fourth of 16 weeks (about this time the blast was increased and 
the Iron Mnt. tunnel-head arrangement adopted) averaged 81 tons ; and the fifth 
of 12 weeks averaged 59 J^ tons. 

607. PILOT KNOB Furnace No. 2.— Alongside of No. 1 ; is a hot blast furnace, 
and was built in 1855, and blew in April 10, ^oo ; in 15 weeks made an average of 
52 tons per week ; its second blast of 23 weeks averaged 4iJ^ tons ; and its third 
of 29 weeks averaged 108 tons per week. It blew out Sept. 29, 1857 and is expected 
to blow again some time during this present month. Has 2 hor. iron, 0-, cyl. 5x6 
ft. 12 revolutions. Is now putting in a new lining with a 11 feet bosh, a tunnel- 
head of 60 inches diameter in which is inserted a cast-iron thimble of 40 inches 
diam. by 42 inches depth. " Our works are not as yet considered in active opera- 
tion, but the anticipated speedy completion of the St. Louis and Iron Mnt. R. R. 
will afford the first opportunity for the easy shipment of our metal and ore." 
(J. S. P.) (The regular through train made its first trip from St. Louis to I'ilot 
Knob and back, April 11,' 58.) 

Pilot Knob, against the north base of which these furnaces stand and from 
which they obtain their ore, is "581 feet high and covers an area of .360sq. acres 
and contains at least 14,000,000 tons of siliceous specular iron ore, (see Swal- 
low's Geol. Report, vol. p. ) of steel gray fracture, and according to 
Prof. F. A. Kayser containing protoxide of iron 84.85, silica 10.41, alumina 
5 64. It differs somewhat in appearance from that at Iron Mnt. and unlike the 
latter exhibits a series of well-marked strata divided by thin layers of slate. The 
ore is rained at a point about 400 feet above the furnaces and is let down to the 
latter in cars, over an inclined railway, the upper end of which rests upon a solid 
floor of ore, and from this upward can be distinctly traced the outcrops of five 
massive strata of ore forming, upon the N. E. and E. sides of the knob, succes- 
sive series of picturesque weather-worn pinnacles. These plates of ore one above 
another decrease of course in area as one ascends, the last forming a small 
irregular tnrreted mass of iron upon the summit of the hill, the whole sides of 
which are covered with a thrifty growth of trees, flowers, moss and ferns. (J. L. 
Jun.) There can be no doubt of the sedimentary origin of these valuable deposits 
nor of their relationship to the same azoic or Huronian System to which belong 
the ores of North Carolina, the Adirondac regions of New York, and Lake Superior. 
It is a great mistake to suppose the Iron Mountain of Missouri a couical peak with 
steep sides covered with blocks of nearly pure iron (as it has been described by 
inaccurate observers) and perhaps consisting entirely of such loose blocks 
throtighout as some ignorant speculations have suggested. On the contrary 
it is merely a gently sloping table slowly rising from the level of the furnaces 
to an elevation no greater than 150 feet, and partially divided into two. This 
gradual rise, the steep outcrop escarpement under its highest point facing the 
syenite and porphyry hills beyond, and the often thickly scattered blocks which 
cover the slope, concur to show that it is a sedimentary stratum like the layers 
of the Pilot Knob, of a. definite and certainly extraordinary depth or thickness 
and perhaps even underlaid by a series of similar strata. In Dr. Litton's Report 
to Prof. Swallow, State Geologist (see Geological Report, 1S56, part 1, p. 155) the 
Iron Mountain is called 228 feet high and .500 acres in extent, containing 230 mil- 
lions of tons of specular ore of igneous origin, enlarging downwards, every foot 
in depth of which will yield 3 millions of tons. No part of this calculation can be 
relied on as approaching the truth, as it starts with a supposition that the whole 
228 feet of mountain (or more properly hill) is solid ore, and concludes with a 
supposition that the ore is a volcanic ejection and increases in size towards the 
centre of the earth. Whereas the ore is undoubtedly a stratum nearly horizontal 
and merely plating or protecting the hill. Other specular ore beds are uoticed in 
the same report as exposed near the Pilot Knob, as for example the Bogy or Bu- 
ford ore bed. Town. 33, R. 3, E. N. E. H, Sec. 24— Big Bogy Mountain S. E. >;(, Sec. 
13; and Russel Mountain, E, )/, Sec. 3. 'The Sheplierd Mtu. ore, specular and mag- 
netic (the specular greatly predominating) with 2 per cent, of silux and alumina 



and no other foreign ingredient, is described as securing in vertical veins from 1 
to 14 feet thick, cutting through porphyry in various directions. (Letton's Rep. p. 
81.) So in Town. 33, R. 4, N. >^, Sec. 2 are several veins of specular ore nearly 
vertical, the largest one foot thicli, cutting through porphyry in a nearly meridional 
direction. Here (J. P. L.) 

An old furnace was once in operation. 

608. IRON MOUNTAIN Furnace No. 1.— This as well as Nos. 2 and 3, is situated 
at the southwest base of Little Iron Mountain, on the St. Louis and Iron Mnt. R R. , 
and 40 miles by road S. W. of Ste. Genevieve on the Mississippi River ; built iu 
1846 ; it was burnt down Aug. 25, '54 and rebuilt the same year. In common with 
No. 2 has one blowing apparatus with 3 hor. iron 02 cyl. 3 x 4]>^ ft. 22 revolutions 
per minute. Up to this year used cold blast ; blew its first hot blast April 12, '58. 
Its average yield for the last four years has been 46 >^ tons per week. 

609. IRON MOUNTAIN Furnace No. 2 —Joins No. 1, and was burnt and rebuilt 
at the same time. Is cold blast, and previous to the application of a patent filler 
and increased blast, averaged about 46 tons per week ; with this application it 
averaged in 1856 63^ tons, and in 1857 77 tons per week. Blew in again March 
21, '58, and is now in full and successful operation, tapping the hearth four times 
every 24 hours. 

610. IRON MOUNTAIN Furnace No. 3.— Is a carefully built and conveniently 
arranged furnace standing between Nos. 1 and 2 and the railway, and within a 
few hundred feet of the ore bank, the floor of which is about on a level with the 
top-house. It was built in 1S54. Has 2 hor. iron 0'' cyl. 34 x 48 inches, 30 revo- 
lutions, and has made three blasts ; the first, cold, from Aug. to Dec. 1855 averaged 
66X tons per week ; the second, hot, from Jan. to Sept. 1856 averaged 120 per week, 
and the third, hot, from May 15 to Sept. 20, 1857, averaged 134>^ tons per week or 
at the rate of 7,000 tons per annum. During this last blast as much as 26 tons 
were made in 24 hours. "When this 3d blast was run in she had a fire brick 
hearth 6 ft. high by 6}^ long, 30 in. diam. at bottom, 46 in. at top ; bosh 9 feet, with 
9 inches to the foot slope." (J. G. S.) 117 bushels charcoal was the average amount 
used to the ton of metal during the cold blast, and 100 bush, the average during 
the two hot blasts. The charcoal used in this as well as in the other two furnaces 
is part burnt in pits and part in kilns. The tunnel-heads of all three furnaces are 
fitted with cast-iron thimbles 3 ft. in diameter by 3 ft. in depth, and the charges 
are distributed evenly in these thimbles by means of a patent filler, a round 
wrought-iron box with a cone-shaped movable bottom which when let down 
allows the charge to empty itself around the sides of the thimble ; a self-acting 
scale beam for securing accurate measurement is attached to the filler above, and 
the whole swings from a truck which moves backward and forward on an over- 
head railway (see plans, J. L. Jun., April, 1858). All three furnaces use the same 
ore and blow with a strong blast. The surface ore is selected for making malleable 
iron and castings, and the mined ore for cold blast mill and hot blast foundry iron. 
The variety of analyses of these ores is remarkable. Prof. Collum, of Sainte Etienne 
in France, calls it a 71 per cent. ore. Two other analyses from the same labora- 
tory are as follows : — Iron Mountain Ore. Pilot Knob Ore. 
Iron 65.0 ) 66.0 ) 

S-^: : : : : : '^l[=^-^ 1:U=ioo 

Alumina 2.9 ) 3.0 J 

respecting which analyses F. A. Kayser remarks that the excess of oxygen (27.86 
ox. being the maxiuium equiv. of 65 iron) proves that "silica and "alumina" 
should read silicon and aluminum, and the analyses themselves as follows: — 
Protox. iron .... 46.69 \ 84.85 j 

Perox. iron 40.97 I jog 39 • • 1 100 90 

Silica 7.28 f ^^^"^^ 10.41 f ^""•''" 

Alumina 5.45 J 5.64 J 

Dr. Litton (Swallow's Rep. p. 7S) gives per. iron 99.33, silica 0.66, = Iron 69.55. 

Through the kindness of G. Dawson Coleman, Esq. and Mr. Chas. B. Forney, of 
Lebanon, on the return of the latter from a visit to these furnaces, the following 
facts were communicated with permission to use them in illustration of our tables 
and with an especial view to the cause of the extraordinary productiveness of the 
furnaces. The route to the Iron Mountain from St. Louis by steamboat, 61 miles 
to St Genevieve (114 miles above the mouth of the Ohio), and then 40 miles by 
plank road into the interior, has superseded the old 90 miles stage route direct 
from St. Louis, but is now itself superseded by the new railroad descending the 
river along the bluff for 25 miles and then penetrating by heavy embankments and 
deep excavations the broken country of Jefferson, Washington and St. Francois 
counties. The top of the Iron Mountain is 900 feet above St. Louis, and about 260 
above the surrounding country, and its area with some smaller deposits around it 
about 500 acres. The ore is a micaceous oxide and when fractured has a bright 
metallic appearance and seems to be very uniform in quality and richness whether 
in place or detached. It yields from 55 to 60 per cent, in the blast furnace, is 
easily smelted making red short and very superior iron. The surface is literally 
paved with huge boulders of ore and in the absence of these with disintegrated 
ore. Successive layers of pebbles of ore have been removed from small plots here 
and there but no attempt has been made to open a quarry or mine in the main 
body. On one of the adjoining spurs and near the upper bank of the furnaces a 
breast of 40 feet has been opened for their use, presenting a massive front untra- 
versed by a sestm of either earth or rock, and with but a few inches of debris 
covering the surface of it. On the lower bank or at the level of the casting-houses 
an artesian well has gone down 180 (one hundred and eighty) feet in "solid ore." 
Pilot Knob six miles further south and 400 feet high above the level of the sur- 
rounding country shows no ore on its base and sides but large boulders are piled 
up at the top tapering to a summit of a couple of acres in area. This ore is let 
down by a series of inclined planes, of different grades in the same line, to the 
furnaces on the level below. It is not as pure as that of the Iron Mountain and 
does not yield as well iu the blast furnaces and is more refractory. Nevertheless 
I question whether there is a deposit of iron ore on the globe embraced within 
equal limits that contains as much mineral of the kind. Situated within .50 miles 
of the Mississippi and not much furtlier from the coal of Southern Illinois it 
requires but little forecast to estimate the vast proportions that the iron trade will 
assume in that section of the country in a few years. 

"There are three charcoal blastfurnaces at the Iron Mountain carried on by one 
Company, under the mauagement of John G. Scott, Esq., through whose energy 
and intelligence the extraordinary yield of the furnaces has been brought about. 
The largest stack is 9 ft. across the bosh, and 38 ft. high, and 3 ft. tunnel head; 
hearth 24 inches at bottom, 5 ft. 10 in. high, and tapering % of an inch to the foot ; 
the angle of the bosh is 56 deg. The other two stacks are both 31 ft. high, S>^ ft. 
across the boshes, and have 3 ft. tunnel heads ; the boshes and hearths are about 
the same in angle and taper as those of the 9 feet stack. The 9 ft. and one of the 
SK ft. stacks are blown with hot, and the other one with cold blast. The two fur- 
naces 8J^ feet across the boshes are blowu hy three blast cylinders, each 36 inches 
in diameter, and i% ft. stroke ; and the piston of each cylinder makes 18 double 
or 36 single strokes per minulo, producing 3,435 cubic feet of air. The speed of the 



FURNACES. 



162 

AMERICAN IRON ASSOCIATION. 



TABLE K- 



SITUATION. 



OWNERS ; P. 0. ADDRESS ; LESSEES AND MANAaERS. 



WHEN 
BFILT OR 
BEBITILT. 



20. INDIANA. 



61.T. Ricliland. 
616. Indiana. 



On Richland Creek near White Eiver. A. Downing & Co., owners. Bloomfleld P. 0. Green. 

A few miles N. W. of Terre-Haute. E. M. Bruce & Co., ons. W. H. Watson, M. (D. Sinton of Cln. part own.) Vermilion. 



1844 
1839 



21. MICHIGAN. 



617. Kalamazoo. 

618. Quincy. 

619. Branch County. 

620. Eureka. 

621. Detroit. 
62(2. Pioneer, 1. 
623. Pioneer, 2. 



1 mile north of Kalamazoo. 

3 miles north of Quincy. 

4 miles north of Quincy. 

10 miles S. S. W. of Detroit. 



W. Burtt & Son, owners and managers. Kalamazoo P. 0. Kalamazoo. 

Southern Michigan Iron Co. W. J. Briggs & Eoos G. Berry, ons. & M. Branch. 
Branch County Iron Co. N. B. Gale, lessee & man. Quincy P. O. Branch. 
Eureka I. Co. Office foot 3d St., Detroit. J. S. Van Alstyne, agt. at wks. Wayne. 



At east end of city of Detroit. Detroit & Lake Superior I. Manuf. Co. A. A. Eahineau, Sec , Detroit. Wayne. 

1 16 miles W. S. W. of Marquette, at < Pioneer Iron Co. Charles T. Harvey, agent at Marquette. L. T. ) Marquette. 
] foot of "Jackson" Iron Hill. { Merrill, Treasurer. Office 189 Broadway, N. Y. 5 Marquette. 



18?'57 
1855 
1854 
1855 

1856'58 
1858 
1858 



22. WISCONSIN. 



624. Northwestern, 1. 

624. Northwestern, 2. 

625. Towers. 

626. Black River. 



miles northwest of Milwaukee. 
9 miles southeast of No. 1. 

miles west of Milwaukee. 
At the falls of Black River. 



Northwestern Iron Co. Mr. F. Wilkes, manager. 

Northwestern Iron Co. 

Jonas Tower, owner and manager. 



Mayville P. O. Dodge. 

Mayville P. 0. Dodge. 

Barabore P. O. Sadk. 

Black Eiver P. O. German. 



1857 
1857 
1857 
1857 



23. NEW YORK. 



627. Mount Hope. 

628. Crown Point. 

629. Danemora. 

630. Brasher. 

631. Eossie. 

632. Redwood. 

633. Wegatchie. 

634. FuUerville. 

635. Sterliugburg. 

636. Sterliugbush. 

637. Sterlingville. 

638. Alpina. 

639. Taburg. 

640. Constantia. 

641. Norwich, A. 

642. Norwich, B. 

643. Wolcott. 

644. Ontario. 

645. Clinton. 



8 miles N. W. of Fort Ann village. 

10 ra. W. from Crown Point village. 
In State Prison yard at Danemora. 
8 miles N. E. of Brasher Falls St. 
In village of Eossie. 

1)^ mile east of Redwood P. O. 

7 miles north of Antwerp. 

In village of FuUerville. 

1 mile east of Antwerp. 

12 miles S. S. W. of Antwerp. 

In village of Sterlingville. 
16 miles S. E. of Antwerp. 

11 miles northwest from Rome. 
North shore of Oneida Lake. 
In town of Norwich. 

In town of Norwich. 
IV^ mile north of Wolcott village. 
20 miles N. of E. from Rochester. 
IS miles N. of E. from Rochester. 



B. F. Woodruff, owner. Fort Ann P. O. Washington. 

E. S. Bogue, manager. Crown Point P. 0. Essex. 

State of New York, owner. Clinton. 

Isaac W. Skinner, owner, Ogdensburg. St, Lawrence. 

George Parish, owner, Ogdensburg. C. L. Lum, manager, Eossie. St. Lawrence. 

S. C. Sardan, agent and manager, Eedwood. Jefferson. 

A. P. Sterling, manager, Antwerp. Jefferson. 

Fuller & Peck, owners and managers. FuUerville Iron Works P. O. St. Lawrence. 

A. P. Sterling, manager, Antwerp. Jefferson. 

James Sterling, owner & manager. Sterlingville P. 0., Jefferson Co. Lewis. 

James Sterling, owner and manager. Sterlingville P. 0. Jefferson. 

Z. H. Benton, owner and manager. Oxbow P. 0., Jefferson Co. Lewis. 

E. B Armstrong, manager, Rome. Oneida. 

Wm. A. Judson, agent and manager, Syracuse. Oswego. 

Reed, Haynes & Co., owners, Norwich. Chenango. 

Andrews, Rider & Co. B. B. Andrews, agent, Norwich. Chenango. 

Leavenworth, Hendrick & Co., owners. Wolcott P. O. Wayne. 

J M. French & Co., owners. A. J. Bixby, agent. Rochester. Wayne. 

Geo. B. Harris, late superintendent. Ontario P.O. Wayne. 



24. CANADAS— EAST AND WEST. 



1836 
1845 
1854 
1835 
1808* 1844 

1849? 18.57 
1846 

1833, 1846 
1846 
1848 

1837, 1857 

1846 

1810, 1832 

1856 

1856 

1821, 1846 

1825,* 1847 

1848 



646. L'llet. 

647. Radnor. 
618. St. Maurice 
649. Marmora. 



3 miles from St Maurice Furnace. 
12 miles E. of N from Trois Eivieres. 
7 miles north from Trois Rivieres. 
25 miles northwest from Belleville. 



Du Puis, Robichon & Co., owners. Three Rivers, Canada East. Champlain. 1857 

A. La Rue & Co., owners. Three Rivers, Canada East. Champlain. 1853 

Porter & Stewart, owners. Jas. C. Sinton, man. Three Rivers, C. E. St. Maurice. 1717,* 1855 

Marmora Iron Co., owners. Wm. C. Evans, man. Marmora, C. W. Hastings. 1856 



engine varies, and tlie blast ordinarily blown into each of the small stacks ranges 
from 1,800 to 2,000 feet per minute. The stack 9 ft. across the bosh is blown by 
two blast cylinders 31 iuclies in diameter, 4 ft. stroke, and the piston of each cylin- 
der makes 32 double or 64 single strokes per minute, producing 3,228 cubic feet of 
air. The power employed to work all the cylinders, is steam. The pressure of 
the blast about 4 lbs. to tl}e square inch : and is heated to a temperature of 594° or 
hot enough to melt lead. The nozzles used are from 2}^ to 3 inches in diameter. 
There are two tuyeres to each of the hot blast furnaces, and the height of the 
tuyeres above bottom, in the 9 ft. slack, is 23 inches. The forepart, or space be- 
tween dam stone and tyuip, instead of being left open for gas and heat to escape, 
as is the custom at charcoal furnaces in this State, is closed up, as well as the 
space & round bellows pipes in tuyeres. In this particular the furnaces at the Iron 
Jlountaiu, are managed as anthracite stacks are. 



1865. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1856. 

Jan'y- 

Feb'y. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 



Lost time. 



3 a 
^ o 



D. H. 
1. 8 
31. 

31. 
29. 
31. 
30. 
31. 
30. 
31. 
29.11 



274.19 
5. 4 



269.15 



■» a 



D. H. 

4 
2 



11 
1.16 



1.17 

4J 



Pounds of 
ore used 
each mo. 



27450 
1538360 

2089340 
1854460 
2109600 
2191080 
222 J 050 
2297780 
2154760 
2028040 



144 

2679 

3169 
2S19 
3110 
3124 
3051 
2973 
2854 
2766 



ml 



2880 
42864 

57042 
56380 
62200 
68728 
67122 
65406 
62788 
60852 



5. 4 I 18514920 26689 " 546262 
Castings made during blast 

Total, 



Pounds of 
iron madi 
each mo. 



747760 

1204860 
1068940 
1168100 
1231524 
1239828 
1231524 
1231524 
1158000 



10282060 
146253 



Iron in gross 
tous[226S)bs.] 
made each mo. 

BLAST. 



329, ,1588 

,531„.552 
471, ,712 
51 5,, 80 
543,, 

546,, 1500 
54.3,, 
543,, 
510,, 



4533,, 1216 
73, ,253 net. 



4606,, 1469 



'The above is a tabular statement of a blast made in their 9 feet stack, on the 



hearth, of which I have before given the dimensions. It was the second Liast 
made in that stack ; and it will be observed by those, who have had experience 
in making charcoal iron in Eastern Pennsylvania, that the length of the blast 
differs but little from the time that charcoal hearths last in this section of the 
country, with the remarkable difference, though, in the production of iron, of at 
least 200 per cent, in favor of the mode of operation at the Iron Mountain. Instead 
of copying the register of the ' Iron Mountain Company' day for day, I had it con- 
densed into monthly aggregates in the preceding table. 

"The average amount of coal used throughout the blast was 20.46 bushels to 
the charge, which " carried" an average burthen of 693 lbs. of ore, and from 63 to 
65 lbs. lime. Length of the blast 38 J^ weeks, with an average production of 
119.63 tons of iron per week, taking a fraction less than 119 bushels of coal, and 
4,019 lbs. ore to make a gross ton of iron. 

"Annexed is a statement of the third blast made in the same stack though on a 
different sized hearth, which was put in of fire brick and of a circular form 30 
inches in diameter at the bottom, and 46 inches in diameter at the top, and six feet 
high. This blast was cut short by the revulsion of business last fall, instead of 
any mishap to the hearth, which I examined and found it in good enough condi- 
tion to blow in on again, and they were preparing to make another blast on it, 
when I was at the works. 











S JH 


^ 


^ 6 








fl5 






So- 


ts tn 


§a 

^ 








a 


Pounds of 


S9 


S!3 


Pounds of 


Iron in gross 


Date. 


u 


11 


ore used 


■gs 


tr'S 




iron made 


tons [2268 lbs.] 




each mo. 


o-S 


2-d 


"ni 


each mo. 


made each rao. 




CD 








^2 


„| 






1857. 


D. H. 


D. H. 














May. 
June. 


17. >, 


„ 4 


964700 


1839 


20 


36780 


519140 


228„2036 


.30. „ 


„ 16 


2117200 


3097 


20 


61940 


1278660 


563,, 1776 


July. 


31. „ 


,. 3 


2396870 


3145 


20 


62900 


1323360 


583„1116 


31. „ 


1 9| 


2564840 


2974 


20 


59480 


1373060 


605„920 


Sept. 


22. „ 


„ 2 


2563850 


2989 


20 


68780 


1373060 


605„92O 




138 


2 9i 


10607464 


13994 




279880 


5867280 


2586„2232 




2 9i 
135.14i 




Casting 


s made 


dull 
Tota 


ng blast, 
1, 


22100 


11„100 net. 




5889380 


2597„64 



163 



CONTINUED. 



OFFICE 141 S. EIGHTH ST., PHILADELPHIA. 



June 1, 1858. 



SIZE. 



KIND. 



PKODUCTION. 



"St; £'^ ffl 

l^'?-^l'«S^|o'Soi of of 
2g.a=S£ J o" 8.0.^.0. ore. poW( 



of 
power, iron. 



^ a 



1816. 



1854:. 

Wks. 



1833. 1856. 

Wks. Wka. 



May 1, 
1857- 185S. 

Wks. 



20. INDIANA. 


61.5. Richland 10 34 2„2 „8i „10 
616. Indiana 10 40 ? „10 „10 


H. 
H. 


Steam i. ti. hi. 
Steam i. 


1 „3K 


600° 
400° 


SVo 3630 
? 1716 


? 
? 


400* 28 
1000* 21* 


500* 23 
1000* 21* 


800* 28 
1000* 21 


1000 30 
1000* 21* 


? 
? 


21. MICHIGAN. 














1,400 


1,500 


1,800 


2,000 





617. Kalamazoo 8^ 31 4,,0 „16 ,,12 

618. Quincy 8^28 2,, 6 „8J 

619. Branch Co 

620. Eureka 9 34 2„9 8,,12„18 



621. Detroit 

622. Pioneer, 1 

623. Pioneer, 2 



9 42 ? ? ? ? 
9 42 4„0 0? ,,12„12 
9 42 4„0 0? „12 „12 



B. Water i. ii. 

B. Steam I. 

B. Steam 

M. Steam I. II. iir. 

M. Steam i. ii. iii. 

M. Steam i. 

M. Steam i. 



1 „4!< 2.50° ? 1000 ? 900* 26 900* 26 950* 26 

1 „2>^ cold ? 1100 Not built. not built, building. 300 14 
Not built. building. 50? ? 00? ? 

2 „2J^ 500° \M 2370 Not built. not built. not built. lOoO 26 



2 ,,3 hot 7 ? Not built. not built. 
2 ,,3 hot ? 2000 Not built. not built. 
2 ,,3 hot ? 2000 Not built. not built. 



not built, not built, 
not built, not built, 
not built, not built. 



1000* 26 In. 

430 21V< Out. 

.500? 22?" Out? 

1128 23 In. 

600 10 Out. 

building. In. 

building. Out. 



22. WISCONSIN. 



900 



950 



2,350 



3,678 



624. Northwest., 1 F. Water 

624. Northwest., 2 F. Water? 

625. Towers H. Water 

626. Black River M. Water 



• Not built. 

Not built. 
Not built. 



not built. 

not built, 
not built. 



not built. 

not built 
not built. 



2500* ? 1.500* 



500? .. 
600? .. 



600? .. 
500? .. 



lOut. 
I Out. 



23. NEW YORK. 



3,500 



2,500 



627. Mount Hope 

628. Crown Point 

629. Danemora 
6.30. Brasher 
631. Rossie 

6,32. Redwood 

633. Wesatchie 

634. Fullerville 

635. Sterlingburg 

636. Sterlingbush 

637. Sterlingville 

638. Alpina 

639. Taburg 

640. Constantia 

641. Norwich, A 

642. Norwich, B 

643. Wolcott 

644. Ontario 

645. Clinton 



101 42 2„6 „9 „9 M. 

11 43 3„6 3„12,,12 M. 

13? 41 3„6 5, ,15, ,12 M. 

8 29 2,,6 „8 „8 B. 

11 43 3„6 • „10 „7 R.ox. 

8i 30 2,,6 „14 „8 R.ox. 

8 36 1,,3 ,,18 ,,0 R.ox. 
8^ 33 1,,8 0,,10 „S R.ox. 

9 33 1„4 „12 „0 R.ox. 
9 33 1„4 „18 ,,0 R.ox. 

9 33 1„4 0„18 „0 R.ox. 

9 30 2„0 „10 „8 R.ox. 

9 33 2,,9 4„12 „7 R.ox. 

9 35 3,,0 4 „12 „7 R.ox. 

9 .32 3„6 6,, ? ,,7 R.ox. 

94 30 ?„? ? ,,12 „6 R.ox. 

9 35 2„6 3 „11 „8 R.ox. 

8 30 2„0 2 „12 „6 R.ox. 

9J 35 3„0 3„10„10 R.ox. 



Water i. ii. iii. 

Steam i. ii. iii. 

Steam i. il. iil. 

Water i. 

Water i. ii. 

Water i, ii. iir. 
Water i. ii. iii. 
Water i. ii. iii. 
Water i. ii. in. 
Water i. ii. in. 

Water i. ii. in. 
Water i. ii. in. 
Water i. ii. 
Water i. 
Steam i. ir. in. 

Steam ii. 
Water i. n. ni. 
W— S I. II. 
Steam i. ii. 



3 „3 

3 ,fi)i 
3 ,,3 

1 „2K 
'2 „2>i 

2 ,,214 
2 „2 

1 ,,3 

1 „3 

2 „2 

2 „2 
2 „2>i( 
2 „2X 
2 „2 
2„2K 

2 „2iX 
2 ,,2'J 
2 ,,2K 
'2 „2 



hot 2K 1750 

hot ? 1980 

hot ? 1480 

300° ? 1000 

300° ? 2420 

300° K'l- 2000 
cold ? 1300 
200° ? 2860* 
cold 7 1300* 
cold ? 1300* 

cold ? 1.300* 
300° %in. 13.50 
hot \M 1000 
hot lliu. ? 
350° % 1160 

600° \\i 1220 
hot llin. 2600 
.300° loin. 1440 
300° 17in. 2.500 



1300* 

? 

Not built. 

? 

1322 16 

Not in blast. 
? 
600? 
? 

r 

? 
7 
? 
? 

Not built. 

Not built. 
409 
443 
? 



1820 52 
3000* 43 
1257 26 
300? 20? 
1962 26 

not in blst. 
511 12* 
640* 24* 

1222 ,38 

1080 34 

699 24 

600* 13 
1700 46 
1700? 52? 
not built. 

not built. 
400 20 
1306 42 
? ? 



1300 39 
272^5 39 
1440 30 

400? 26? 

833 12 

400* 30* 
629 14 
640* 24* 
1040 33 
1322 42 

700 25 
1218 23 
1800 48 
1800? 62? 
not built. 

not built. 

442 20 

1362 49 

? ? 



1300 39 1225 37 Out. 
3260* 52 34.30 52 In. 

600 13 aband. Out. 

120* 8* burut down. Out. 
not in blst. not in blst. Out. 



400* 30* 

1107 41 

700* 24* 

420 12 

1200 35 

567 19 

975 18 

16.50 44 

1800? 52? 

1134 32 

380 12 

468 19 

1093 41 

? ? 



5681^14 
1000* 27 

220 8 
out of blst. 

965 27 

412 15 
not in blst. 

606* 13 
12273^34 

2016 48 

396 15 

1004 38 

1250 34 



In. 

In. 

Out. 

Out. 

Out. 

Out. 
Out. 

in. 



Out. 
In. 
In. 
Out. 



24. CANADAS— EAST AND WEST. 



18, 197 



18,051 



17,174 



14,214 



646. L'Het 

647. Radnor 

648. St. Maurice 

649. Marmora 



5 30 1„6 „6 

6i 25 2„6 „6 

61 21 2„6 „6 

11 42 5„0 „12,,12 



B. Water .. 2 0,,i;^ cold ? 600? Not built. not built, not built, not built, building. ? 

B. Water I. '2 ,,2'/^ cold \% ? Not built. 728 26 952 34 1176 42 ? ? ? 

B. Water i. 2 „\X cold ? 1134 7 640 ? 750 40 650 30 ? ? ? 

M. Water ? 3 „2 hot Xyi 2310 Not built. not built. not built. ? ? 7 ? ? 



,,,i'he average burthen of ore 'carried' throughout the blast was 758 lbs. on 20 
bushels of coal, and 70 lbs. lime to the charge. Length of the blast was a fraction 
under 19>i weeks, with an average production of 134..35 tons per week, taking 
107.77 bushels of coal and 4,084 lbs. ore to make a gross ton of iron. 

"The foregoing statements were copied from their books, which Mr. Scott kindly 
allowed me to examine ; and though neither of their furnaces were in blast when 
I was there, I am satisfied from what I gleaned from their systematic accounts, 
and saw about their establishment in the way of blowing apparatus, capable of 
creating three or four times the volume and pressure of blast that is blown into 
charcoal furnaces in this State, extensive preparations of and very large stock of 
fuel on hand, &c. &c., that the results attained by those stacks or the account 
herein given of them can be depended upon. 

" There are two furnaces at Pilot Knob, one of which is blown with hot, and the 
other one with cold blast. One of the stacks is 42 ft. high, and the other one 38 ft., 
and 10 ft. across the boshes. They each make about 133 tons per week. 

"The pressure of blast blown into the cold blast furnace at the Iron Mountain is 
the same as the pressure used in hot blast stacks. The forepart is closed up to 
prevent the waste of heat as at the other furnaces. Such a thing as "pulling" the 
furnaces they seldom ever do, and they informed me that they run on for weeks 
without either 'pulling' or 'shovelling' the hearth out at casting. The yield of 
the cold blast stack is from 95 to 100 tons of iron per week. The capacity of the 
Iron Mountain furnaces, estimating stoppages to make repairs, is 12,000 tons of 
iron per annum. 

"The volume and pressure of blast, blown into those furnaces, contrasted with 
the limited amount and low pressure of air used in charcoal stacks in this section 
of the country, exhibits a disparity, that is not only striking, but accounts, I think, 
in the main, for the large yield of iron by the former. The best yield I ever saw 
made by a hot blast charcoal furnace in Eastern Pennsylvania of same size across 
the bosh as the largest furnace at the Iron Mountain was 53 tons per week. To 
make this there was 990 ft. of blast, at a pressure of from \\ to 1>^ lb. per square 
iucli, used per minute. It is true that the Missouri iron ores are very rich, and 
that their charcoal is made from first growth hickory and oak wood, yet with 
these same advantages during the first years of the operation of the Iron Mountain 
furnaces, their yield per week — as I learned from their register — when they used 
about same blast that is blown into charcoal furnaces of this State, was no greater 
than the present make of the latter. 

" Though the manufacture of pig iron with charcoal to a similar extent in Penn- 



sylvania and the adjoining States is rendered impracticable by the scarcity of 
wood, the advantages derived from the use of an increased volume and pressure 
of blast in charcoal, should, it seems reasonable, accrue from the application of 
the same principle to mineral coal. Experience and observation have long since 
convinced me, that pig iron can be made more economically, and without dete- 
riorating its quality, by the use of greater measurement and density of blast, than 
has hitherto been employed or blown into anthracite furnaces ; for I have fre- 
quently noticed, that in proportion to the increase of the volume and pressure of 
air blown into a furnace, there was a corresponding decrease in the consumption 
of fuel to the ton of iron. This is readily explained by the fact, that the intensity 
of heat is graduated by the amount of oxygen in combination ; and if the process 
of smelting proceeds in a ratio equal to the degree of the caloric, why not maintain 
it, at the highest degree practicable, by drawing on the atmosphere for that which 
is known to be the best supporter of combustion ? Theories however plausibly 
constructed amount to nothing if they cannot be profitably applied, which can- 
not be said of the plan of using an increased amount of blast at a higher pressure, 
than the average used heretofore, for the operations at the Iron Mountain and 
those of an anthracite establishment on the Lehigh where they are employing air 
at a pressure of 8>^ lbs. to the inch show conclusively the advantages that are 
derived from the adoption of the plan. Very respectfully, yours, &c., 

"CHAS. B. FORNEY. 
"P. S. — Since writing the above, I have learned from Mr. Scott that the Iron 
Mountain Railroad is completed, and passenger trains passing through from St. 
Louis to the works." 

611. MARAMEC Furnace. — Situated south of the southwest branch of the Pacific 
R. R. and 50 m. south of Hermann on the Missouri River, was rebuilt and enlarged 
iu 1856 and has 2 wooden single action titbs 5 ft. diam. by 5 ft. stroke and 10 revo- 
lutions. A stronger blast apparatus is to be erected worked by water from a 
spring of great volume and power which bursts out from limerocks immediately 
behind the works and turns the machinery of three forges, a rolling-mill, grist- 
mill, and saw-mill. Uses a specular magnetic ore, mined from a hill lying >J of a 
mile west. "The furnace is only run enough to supply the forge with metal, as 
the blooms must be hauled CO miles to Grey's Summit (Pacific R. R.) Station. This 
fall however there will be 20 miles of the S. branch in running order which will 
cut off that much, and orders have been issued to complete the road to our station, 
6 miles from here, as fast as possible." (Wm. James, Corr., May 8, '58.) 



164 



612. FRANKLIN (MOSELLE) Furnace.— The only one in the county; is sit. in 
town. 42, N. K. 1 E. Sec. 14, S. E. X- ^^^ 2 iron O' cylinders. Malces I. II. and 
III. gray metal from brown hematite ore, 4 or .t banlis being opened on theComp'y's 
lands. The ore is described as occurring in ridge shaped masses, unstratified, 
quarried from the hill-side and surrounded on three sides by the second magnesian 
(Lower Silurian) limestone {i.e. No. II. of Penna. Geol., see Hall's Intro, to 3d Vol. 
Pal.), mixed with yellow ochre, mamraillary and stalactitic, very pure, containing 
almost no pyrites. Magnesian limestone freed from its chert is used as a flux. The 
ore analyzed yields perox. iron 82.94, water 13.54, sil. 1.36, alum. 1.04, with no 
trace of sulphur or phosphorus. (Corr.) 

ILLINOIS. 

613. ILLINOIS Furnace. — Was bought in Dec. 18.53, by the present owners who 
tore down the stack, which was a small affair, and built in 1856 the present fur- 
nace, arranged for hot and cold blast, with 2 iron 02 cyl. ,,38 x 6 ft. 8 to 10 revo- 
lutions. Charcoal costs 4cts. per bushel, and the ore is the same as that used at 
the next or Martha Furnace. "One of Kelly's patent tuyeres has been put up here 
and will soon commence refining iron in the hearth." 

614. MARTHA Furnace. — 2 miles E. of Illinois Furnace. Was built and owned 
by Dan'l McCook & Co. and bought in 1853 by J. W. Donohue of Cincinnati, who 
made a small quantity of iron each year up to Dec. 1856, when it was sold to the 
Saline Coal and Manufacturing Co. (Geo. Eskoll Sellers, Pres't, Chas. D. Dana, 
Treasurer), and has been idle since 1856. The property has a fronting of 2 miles 
on the Ohio River and over 18 miles on the Saline River, and embraces all the 
seams of the lower coal measures of the Illinois and W. Kentucky coal field, as 
well as the seams of carbonate of iron pertaining to the same formation and deposits 
of honeycomb, pipe or pot ores. The ore banks of this and of the Illinois Furnace 
were worked until they headed up between well-defined walls of limestone, the 
ore filling two distinct fissures running parallel to each other, with a uniform 
bearing North 15° East, one of which was 24 feet wide and worked to a depth of 
60 or 70 feet, and the other 27}^ ft. wide and worked down 90 feet. This last sup- 
plies Illinois Furnace. An analysis from an average specimen of the Martha Fur- 
nace ore banks, yielded 80.00 per cent, peroxide of iron = 56.02 iron. (See Dr. D. 

D. Owen's Report to the S. C. and M. Co.) A ton of it required 200 bushels of coal 
(at 4 cts. per bushel,) with a blast from 2 iron 0- cyl. 3x5 feet and ran about 18 
revolutions to the minute. (J. L. Jr.) 

INDIANA. 

615. RICHLAND Furnace. — 1}^ m. from White River, was built by A. Downing, 
produced but little until 1853 when a new blast apparatus was erected, to which 
was added a new engine in 1856. Has 2 hor. iron O' cyl. Sy^ x i]/^ ft. 22 rev. and 
one engine with a 20 in. cyl. 4 ft. stroke. Uses 180-190 bushels of coal to the ton 
of metal. Ships mostly to St. Louis but some little to Cincinnati. Hot air pipe 
passes under the boilers to the tunnel head, thence down the side of the stack to 
the tuyeres. " Bog, block and limestone ores are found in this section ; the latter, 
upon which the furnace mainly runs, costs $1.25 per ton at the tunnel head." 

616. INDIANA Furnace. — 6 miles from Sanford St. on the Terre-Haute and Alton 

E. Road. Was repaired at a heavy expense last year. " Hearth 5J^ ft. high ; bosh 
inclines lOK inches to the foot perpendicular. Has 2 iron 0^ cyl. 3)4 x 4 ft. 13 re- 
volutions ; one engine, 15 inch cyl. oX ft. stroke ; 2 boilers 34 in. diameter 40 feet 
long, with drums attached (one below and one above) each 20 in. diam. 7 ft. long, 
fired with gas from the tunnel-head ; hot blast oven in rear of boilers. Capacity 
2.500 tons. Ore, brown hematite, 33 per cent, abundant, costing delivered at tun- 
nel-head $1.5(' per gross ton. Limestone is also abundant, costing from 75 cts. to 
1.00 per gross ton delivered, but is little used, as the ore generally contains a suffi- 
cient quantity to flux itself. Charcoal costs 4 cts. per bushel delivered. ' A four 
foot vein of coal, similar to the Briar Hill coal of Northern Ohio,' underlies the 
premises. This furnace has not been regularly worked. Last year it turned out 
a superior quality of iron of great compactness and strength and well adapted for 
castings or bar iron." (Corr. D. Sinton.) 

MICHIGAN. 

617. KALAMAZOO Furnace. — At the junction of Kalamazoo River with a small 
stream north of the village ; date of erection unknown ; rebuilt by the present 
owners one year ago (May '58). Has 3 vertical iron 0^ cyl. 2>^ x4 ft. 14 revolu- 
tions. Formerly used a 3 ft. tunnel-head ; now 4 ft. with increased production, 
104 bushels charcoal to the ton of metal being the average during the last blast, 
ending Feb. 1858, " it has been done with 80 bus." All hard wood charcoal is used 
costing 5 cts. per bushel delivered. Ore, bog, yielding .50 per cent, in the furnace, 
obtained >^ mile west across the river, 2 tons washed yielding 1 ton of metal, 
mostly used up at Mr. Burtt's stove foundry. Will run in again about the middle 
of June next. 

618. QUINCY Furnace.— Has 1 hor. iron 0' cyl. 42 x 50 inches, 14 revolutions. 
Geo. Watson and others were the original owners of this furnace which has made 
but 750 tons of iron, mostly sold along the line of the Mich. South. R. R. Expect 
to blow in again about Aug. 1, '58. Bog ore. 

619. BRANCH COUNTY Furnace.— In Butler Township, was built in 1854 and 
leased in 1856 to N. B. G. who has run one blast of about 3 months, making 500? 
tons of metal from bog ore. " Up to Nov. 1856 this furnace was unsuccessful, and 
made in all only about 100 tons of metal, being burned down two or three times 
during that period." 

620. EUREKA Furnace —In the village of Wyandotte on the right bank of the 
Detroit, was built in 1855 '6 by the E. Iron Co. E. B. Ward, Pres't, Wm. H. Za- 
briskie, Sec'y. Has a capacity of 3000 tons per annum. In 1856 made an average 
of 40>^ t. per week ; in 1857, 49 t. per week ; and during the last blast (Jan. 1, to 
Apl. 20, '58) 581^ t. per week ; is now idle, but will run in next fall. Has 2 verti- 
cal iron 0- cyl. 4 x 5^ x 9 r. Ore used is from the Lake Superior region, stamped 
and roasted at the furnace and yielding 60 per cent. Charcoal is for the most part 
made in the Company's kilns. The gas is tapped 8 ft. below the tunnel-head and 
carried down in two 14 inch square cast iron tubes, to heat by one the boilers and 
by the other the hot air oven. Boilers each 28 ft. long by 40 in. diameter, used 
one at a time. Stack 30 feet square at the base. Casting shed 45 x 46 feet. (See 
Plan, J. L. Jr.) 

621. DETROIT Furnace.— On the right bank of the Detroit just outside the city 
limits, was built in 1856 by the D. & L. S. I. M. Co. Geo. B. Russel, President. 
Office foot of Woodward Avenue, Detroit. Capacity 4000 1. per annum. Ran in 1st 
Blast Jan. 28 '57 and made 600 t. metal np to June 24, when it was burnt down. 
Is now rebuilding and expects to run in again late in 1858. Ore from Lake Superior 
making an iron particularly adapted for car wheels, and yielding from 60 to 62}^ 
per cent. Hot gases conveyed down to the boilers and hot-air oven in a manner 
somewhat as at Eureka Furnace. (J. L. Jr.) 



622, 623. PIONEER Furnaces,— On the E. R. 16 miles W. S. W. of Marquette at 
the foot of the Jackson Iron Hill, with a capacity of 6000 tons per annum. One in 
successful blast since April 15'58, the other not quite completed. (Corr. May 18.) 

Stacks stone and brick, 42 feet from bottom of hearth to tunnel head ; motive 
power 3 boilers, 42 feet long by 30 inches diameter, heated by waste gas and driv- 
ing one horizontal cylinder 5 feet diam. by 6 feet stroke (connected directly with the 
steam piston rod), 9 revolutions per minute, blast equalized by an air receiver. 
Make a soft tenacious iron and our daily product is over twelve tons while we 
have been in blast, less than two months ; we use at present ore from the Jackson 
Mountain red hematite and specular. (E. C. Hungerford, Agent. May 24, 1858.) 

"The Lake Superior ore is replacing the black band ore in Eastern Ohio although" 
costing three times as much per ton, the furnaces finding their profits in a far supe- 
rior quality of metal, less coal and more tons a day by the use of Lake Superior 
ore. One of the best furnacemen in the bituminous coal region, Charles Howard, of 
Youngstown, now uses from three-fourths to all Lake Superior ore. Other furnaces 
are increasing their proportion of it also. Yet the black band is abundant and with 
the other native ores are obtained very cheaply in the vicinity. But the black 
band will not make good iron and is never used but in small proportions." (See 
letter signed T. p. 53, of Monck's American Mining Chronicle, N. York, May 22, 1858, 
and notes 462, &c., Table H, page 128.) 

WISCONSIN. 

624. MAYVILLE Furnace.— (N. W. I. Co.) i}i miles from Iron Ridge ore bed and 
about 40 miles from Lake Michigan with which it is connected by the Milwaukee 
and La Crosse R. R., was built by a Mahoning Company in Eastern Ohio which 
failed in 1852, and commenced iron making at May ville in 18.53. They have lately 
built another furnace nine miles below the old one. The railroad cuts the ore bed 
(in the town of Hubbard, Sec. 10, 12) which is a layer 10 feet deep over 500 acres, 
"containing 27 million tons." Or, as Prof. Daniel again describes it, its outcrop is a 
mile long, and thickest at its east or lowest end, where its limestone covering is 
gone and the ore is decomposed to a sand or seed ore mass 25 to 30 feet thick. The 
size of the grains ranges from mustard seed to swan shot, irregular, oval, glistening 
red, greasy, staining the touch ; evidently concretions around grains of silex ; with- 
out fossils ; cemented, stratified, cleft and j ointed ; grains laid parallel to the planes 
of bedding. Occasionally occur more recently formed nodules of compact brown 
hematite. Underit is first a layer of soft blue (" Nucula") shale (see Daniel's Rep. 
of 1853), and then hard blue limestone of Clinton (For. V.) age. Over it are coarse, 
cavernous, magnesian limestone layers which once contained the iron and from 
which it has leached down. [The ore is evidently the analogue of the fossil ore of 
Danville and Hollidaysburg, the dyestone oreof Tennessee, the fossils replaced by 
grains of sand.] The analysis by C. T. Jackson, of Boston, shows that its cold 
short quality is due to silica. 

Perox. Iron 72.50 (=50.77 metal) ; Alumina 8.40; Silica 7.75 ; 

Ox. Mang. 1.40; Magnesia .64; Lime 5.60; 

Water 8.75; Two and a quarter tons of ore allow- 

ing for waste makes a ton of iron [the same as at Hollidaysburg, Pa., see No. 135, 
139, p. 89]. The furnace is said to have made 3528 tons the last blast. 

The first experiments gave the ore a bad name. Extensive mine works are pre- 
paring for an extensive future demand. The amount of ore is unlimited. (The 
same kind occurs 14 miles S. E. in Washington Co. at Hartford, 6 to 7 feet thick, 15 
feet under ground ; also 80 miles N. N. E. 4 miles E. of Depere, 7 miles S. E. of Green 
Bay, 4 miles from steamboat landing, 6>^ feet thick, at the falls, where is a fine site 
for a furnace owned by James Howe, of Green Bay, and D. M, Loy, of Depere.) 

A large foundry is just finished (Jan. '58) for making water and gas pipes, iron 
fronts, &c. (Daniel's Report, p. 16.) 

625. TOWER'S Furnace, Town of Marston, Sec. 9 and 10, Town 13, Range 2 E.— 
Built by Jonas Tower (nephew of C. Tower, of Pottsville), who built Crown Point 
Furnace, Essex Co. New York. " It is a small blast furnace capable of producing 
about 3 tons of iron per day, and intended for the manufacture of stoves, castings, &c. 
The amount of ore is of course too small for an extensive or permanent business." 
" It is a hydrated brown oxide, quite pure, generally massive, but frequently sta- 
lactite and mammillary ... in the seams fibrous . . . occasionally contains small 
pebbles of quartz intimately mixed with ore like a conglomerate . . . and will yield 
45 per cent, of metallic iron. It is safe to estimate its amount as equal to a solid 
bed 5 feet thick over 10 acres ^272,500 tons, . . . country around heavily timbered, 
lime, &c., convenient." The ore stretches down the hill slope on the east bank of 
Tower's Creek, the surface being covered with fragments of ore sometimes of a ton I 
weight, and also large fragments of sandstone, in the fissures of which are seams 

of ore. Shafts sunk through the ore 10 or 20 feet strike no rock in place ; but the 
Potsdam (No. 1, Lower Silurian) sandstone rises 300 feet high upon the hills, capped 
with magnesian limestone. The ore has undoubtedly come from the disintegration 
of the crumbling white sandstone [and occupies nearly the same geological position 
as the brown hematite beds of the Great Reading, Cumberland, Winchester, and 
Knoxville Valley of the Atlantic Coast. J. P. L.]. A similar ore is seen in the La 
Crosse R. E. tunnel west of Tomah. (Prof. E. Daniel's Annual Rep. of the Geol. 
Sur. of Wisconsin, Madison, 1858.) 

626. BLACK RIVER Furnace.— On east bank of Black River near the Falls, 4 
miles from flatboat navigation to the Mississippi and on the line of the Land Grant 
Branch of the La Crosse R. E. Built by a German company, who have made but 
little iron on account of the failure of the (Potsdam, Lower Silurian No. 1) sand- 
stone hearths, as well as of one got from Amherst, Ohio. Ore, magnetic and red 
oxide, 2 tons making one of iron; cost of ore $1..50 delivered ; needs 20 per cent 
lime ; pine woods abundant, hard wood in streaks. Quantity, 15 millions of tons 
on Darrow & Curtz' land west bank and 28 millions on Iron Company & Telden's 
mound lands east bank. Red Oxide. Specular and Magnetic. 

Analvsis bv 1 f Peroxide Iron 67.60 (=47.27 metal) 64.00 (=4482 metal) 
- - 't L J SUica 



Dr. C. T. 
Jackson:— 



nOx. Mang. 



36.00 



26.75 
3.65 
Water 1.50 

The ore occurs in gneissoid (azoic, subpalreozoic, Cambrian, Huronian) rocks 
ove'rlain nonconformably by horizontal Potsdam sandstone with lingulae, foot- 
prints and trilobites ; near granite, syenite, trap, mica slates aud chloritic slates, 
up through which last two the great red ore masses rise from 6 to 40 feet wide ; an 
exposure of black oxide highly magnetic 4;5 feet high dipping 75 S. E. is seen lower 
down. (See full account on p. 28 Daniel's Report.) 

NEW YORK. 

ADIRONDACK Furnaces. — On Sanford Lake and Adirondac River, 50 miles 
from water navigation, and 8 miles from the Sackett's Harbor and Saratoga E. R. 
location line. The Sandford mine was discovered by an Indian who revealed 
the fact to Dav. Henderson of Jersey City in 1S26 while standing on the wharf 
at the Elba works. The Land was bought by Archd. Mclntyre, Archd. Roberts 
and David Henderson, and a blast, a cupola, a puddling furnace and forge were 



1^^ FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE MEMBERS. 

165 



erectpd, witli mills and kilns and 16 dwelling houses. A new blast furnace was 
finished August 20'o4, 36 ft. square, 48 high, 113^ ft. iu the bosh (capacity 14 tons 
per day), costing .?13,000, with 4 cast iron blowing cylinders, of a capacity to 
blow 3000 cubic feet of air per minute, driven by a 12 ft. water power, with a 
dock and boats, &o. The report of that year adds that 2.50,000 bush, of charcoal 
were stacked at the furnaces ; and .$19,000 had been expended in a new dam at 
Tahawas village, 11 miles south, 1700 ft. long and 24 high. During the year 1848, 
the company erected at Jersey City, for $100,000, steel works extensive enough to 
work up 4 tons of Adirondac ore per day, and they have been in operation ever 
since. Mr. J. R. Thompson superintended there 4 years. The ore of the great 
Sandford bed is magnetic, and can be loaded at the foot of the slope on the lake 
for 623< cents, and towed by steam to Tawahas and put into the cars, at a total 
cost of "$1.00. (Report of Prof. Emmons, N. Y. Natural Hist. Part 4, p. 244. Re- 
port of Adiron. Iron and Steel Co. 1854, W. B. & J. Sibell, Printers N. Y.) 

627. MT. HOPE Furnace.— On a little stream 3 miles S. W. of the head of South 
Bay, has 1 iron, 0-, cyl. 4 feet diameter, 5 feet stroke, 14 revolutions per minute. 
Ore magnetic, 53 p. c, X from "Cheever's" bed in Moriah T. and J^ from the 
vicinity of the furnace. Limestone and charcoal from near the furnace. Makes 
I. II. III. iron for Troy. Made in 1857 up to date (Sep. 14) 600* tons in 4 weeks. 

628. CROWN POINT Furnace.— Near Paradox Creek, a few rods from the east 
line of Scroon township, 10 miles west from Lake Champlaiu, 9 miles east of 
Root's Tavern and 3 miles west of Penfield's Forge. Has two upright, round, 
iron, double acting, tight cylinders 3>3 x 3 ft. stroke, 12 revolutions. Ore mag- 
netic, yielding 55 per cent, of metal from one mile west (same as that used by 
Schroon and Penfield Forges). Makes X. I. II. III. III. H. iron for Troy. Uses up 
one set of hot air ring-pipes every year. "We lost but 3 days in 1837, and this 
present month makes the 29th since we ran in last." (Corr. May 12, 1858.) 

629. DANEMORA Furnace.— Erected in July 1854 ; burnt June 19 '56, but not 
very seriously damaged by the fire. " Will not run again." Used convict labor 
and made metal for southern markets. Has 2 iron, tight, 0^, cyl. 3}4 x 5 feet 
stroke, 8 revolutions. Ore, magnetic from an opening within the inclosure. 

6.30. BRASHER Furnace.— On west bank of Deer River, in Brasher Falls Town- 
ship, 2>^ miles S. E. of Helena. Has one wood, tight, 0-, cyl. 5]/^ x 3]4 stroke, 6 ? 
revolutions. Ore, very lean bog, from near the furnace in Bombay Township 
Franklin Co. Built in 1835 ; burnt in 1844 ; burnt again 29th July 1856, and up to 
present date not rebuilt. Made metal for foundry ; a little for Syracuse. 

DUANE Furnace. — In Duane Township, Franklin Co. is in ruins: "out 10 yrs." 
CANTON FALLS Furnace.— South of Canton, St. Lawrence Co., owned by H. 
Van Rensselaer, is in ruins and "has been out of blast 8 years." 

631. ROSSIE Furnace. — On the north bank of Indian River, 14 miles north from 
Antwerp station on P. & W. R. R. Has 2 iron, 0^, cylinders 4]^ ft. diameter, 5 ft. 
stroke, 8 revolutions per minute. Ore red oxide (48 per cent.) from " Kean" and 
"Caledonia" beds, both near R. R. 12 miles S. E. of furnace. Made pig metal for 
the Bufl'alo market and some little for adjoining machine shops. All the charcoal 
used was of hard wood, selected with care, and cost 7 cents the bushel ; the blast 
of 1855 averaged 107 bushels to 1 ton iron. Ran out March 21, 1835. The owner 
wishes to sell the furnace, foundry and machine shops. 

632. REDWOOD Furnace.— At the outlet of Mill Site Lake, 8 miles in a straight 
line S. W. from Rossie, 8 miles S. E. of the shipping port on the river St. Law- 
rence. Has 2 wood, loose, 0^, cyl. 5^ x 4 ft., 5>^ revolutions. Ore, red oxide, 
from " Kcan's" vein. Limestone from 2 miles N. W. Charcoal from near the 
furnace ; 6 cents per bushel. Makes Nos. I. II. III. for western markets, mostly 
Buffalo. Owned, 2 years ago, by the Redwood Furnace Co., who ran it with a 
cold blast. Burnt June 1856, and rebuilt soon after by the present owners, who 
eommencedblowinglst Sep'r 1857. "Has run 10 w'ks and 4 days this year, making 
439 tons. Blowed out 11th May and will run no more this year." (Corr. May 12.) 

633. WEGATCHIE Furnace.— In Wegatchie, on Oswegatchie River, 2^ miles 
northeast of Oxbow. Has one wooden, loose, 02, cylinder 5>^ ft. diameter by 4 ft. 
stroke, 7 revolutions. Ore, red oxide (45 per cent.) from the "Sterling" bed, 3 
miles east near the line of the P. & W. R. R. and 4 miles N. of Antwerp. Makes 
metal suitable for car wheels and axles for western markets. Limestone from the 
immediate neighborhood. Previous to July 14, 1857, used hot blast. 

634. FULLERVILLE Furnace.- On the west bank of the west branch of Oswe- 
gatchie River. Has 1 wooden, tight 02 cyl. 7 x 4,, 8 stroke, 8* revolutions. Ore, 
red oxide from "Kearney" and "Little York" beds, mixed with magnetic ore 
from " Clifton" bed, 25 miles distant) in Clifton Township. Makes pig metal for 
home and western markets. Blew out in the spring of 1857, and has laid idle 
ever since on account of the low price of metal. 

635. STERLINGBURG Furnace.— On the south bank of the Indian River. Has 
1 wooden, loose, 0-, cyl. 5% x 4 feet stroke, 7* revolutions. Ore, red oxide, 45 to 
50 per cent, from the " Sterling" bed. Charcoal, mixed hard and soft, costs 5 
cents per bushel. Makes pig for home and western markets. A forge, owned by 
Geo. Parish, stood on the site of the present works. Made 1833, 18 weeks, 600 tons. 

636. STERLINGBUSH Furnace.— On the west bank of Indian River, in Diana 
Township, 12 miles S. S. W. of Antwerp. Has one round, wooden, double acting, 
loose cylinder 5^ x 4 stroke, 7* revolutions. Ore, red oxide, 43 to 30 per cent., 
from the " Sterling" bed. Makes pig metal for home and western markets. Quite 
an old furnace once occupied this site. 

637. STERLINGVILLE Furnace.— On Black Creek 3 miles above its entrance 
into Indian River. Has 1 wooden, loose, 02, cyl. 5}4 x 4 stroke, 7* revolutions. 
Ore, red oxide, 45 to 50 per cent., from the " Sterling" bed. Makes metal for 
home and western markets. Buildings burnt down 1845,* and again in 1857. Now 
rebuilding, and will run in November 1857. (J. L. Jun. Aug. '57.) 

CARTHAGE Furuace.— In the village of Carthage, Jefi'erson Co., was built about 
1818, has not run for 10 years, and is in ruins. Owners — Antwerp Iron Company : 
Local agent, P. S. Stewart : Agent, Henry Nichol, 24 William Street, N. Y. 

638. ALPINA Furnace. — On the outlet of Boney Lake 2 miles above where the 
stream enters Indian River. Has one iron, C, tight cylinder 6 x 4, 6 rev. per mi- 
nute. Ores, "black magnetic" (63 p. c. to 70 p. c.) from the "Jayville" bed 7 
miles N. east ; and red oxide from the "Kearney" or "Indian Lake" bed one mile 
N. of " Kean's" bed on R. R. Makes metal for western markets. Was built in 1846 
by a company of Swiss ; idle, but expected to run in the summer of 1858. 

639. TABURG Furnace. — In the village of Taburg, on Fish Creek, near the line 
of the Rome and Watertown R. R. Has 1 iron, tight, 02, cyl. 3 x 4 ft. stroke, 9 
revolutions. Makes No. I. II. metal. Ore, " red ox"ide" ("fossil" ore of Pennsyl- 
vania, No. v., "Clinton" ore of New York) from S. W. of Utica. 

640. CONSTANTIA Furnace.- In the village of Coustantia, 20 miles E. of N. of 
Syracuse. Makes No. I. iron for Chicago and Milwaukie from "Clinton" (fossil) 
red oxide from S. W. of Utica. This ore contains so much tiissil lime that only 



about 100 tons of limestone is used at the furnace throughout the year ; "2000 
tons of ore produce 1000 tons of metal." Will run in 1st of June, 1858. 

641. NORWICH Furnace A. — On the Chenango Canal, midway between Utica 
and Binghampton, 40 miles north of the latter. Both furnaces are on the canal at 
the north end of the village, A 600 feet south of B. Has 1 tight 02 tub, 5 x 4, 10 
revolutions per minute, a receiver, 30 x 8 ft. long, communicating with a " floating 
head," two boilers over the tunnel head, and two hot air ovens. Ore "fossil" 
from "Clinton" bed in Oneida Co. Costs delivered on canal bank this year $1.75, 
last year $2.00. Hard wood 2^ cords go to 100 bush, charcoal, 6 cents per bushel, 
measured at the tunnel head. A will run all this year. B will not run this year. 

642. NORWICH Furnace B.— Alongside Norwich Furnace A. Has 1 tight O 
tub 4)^ X 4, 8 revolutions. "This furnace was started Aug. 1, 1856," and ran 
during all of 1857 less 4 weeks ; is now out of blast, hut will run iu " about 1st of 
March 1839 with 50,000 bush, charcoal." (Corr. May 12, 1858.) 

643. WOLCOTT Furnace.— On Wolcott Creek. Has 2 cast iron, tight 0= cylin- 
ders 3}i ft. diam. x 2 ft. stroke, 35 revolutions. Ore, red oxide (35 per cent.) from 
5 miles northeast ; "2000 lbs. producing 700 lbs. metal ; it is so strongly impreg- 
nated with lime that clay loam is used to counteract the effect. Has a homo 
market. In 1837 ran only 15 weeks when the milldam was carried away by a 
freshet. " Since the 1 Jan. '58 has run 4 mos. and 1 day, when we blew out not 
having much demand for iron." (Corr May 12, 1858.) 

644. ONTARIO Furnace.— On the west bank of Bear Creek, 2 miles north of On- 
tario Center, 2y miles south from the Lake. Has 2 iron 02, cyl. 4x4 stroke, 7)^ 
revolutions per minute. Ore, red fossil from bed at Clinton furnace 2 miles south- 
west ; used without limestone; "costs, delivered at the foot of the top-house $2.00 
per nett ton of metal." Makes mostly No. 1 iron for western markets and Roches- 
ter foundries. Made in 1853, 306 tons in 11 weeks.. 

645. CLINTON Furnace. — In Ontario township 2 miles S. W. of Ontario Furnace. 
Has 1 hor. iron, tight 0' cylinder 4 ft. in diameter, 5 feet stroke, 20 revolutions per 
minute. Ore red fossil (40 to 45 pr. ct.) from the immediate neighborhood ; costs 
.$1.25 delivered at furnace and $1.50 in the top-house. No limestone, but occasion- 
ally clay-loam used to flux. Charcoal, mixed hard and soft, costs 6 cents per 
bushel. Makes Nos. I. II. iron for Canadian and westei'u markets, and for foun- 
dries in Rochester. This furnace ra"n out Oct. 20, 1857 for repairs and has not run 
since. "The works have gone out of the hands of the company." 

CANADA. 

646. L'lLET Furnace. — On L'llet rivulet, 2 miles above where it empties into the 
St. Maurice River. Has 2 round, iron, tight tubs 2J^ feet diameter, 4 feet stroke, 
4 revolutions per minute. Uses bog ore from near the furnace. These works were 
in course of construction in the latter part of August 1857, and the owners hoped 
to run in iirst blast iu Sept. of same year. 

647. RADNOR Furnace. — On Riviere an Lard, above the mouth of Champlaiu 
River. Has 2 round tubs of 30 inch diameter. Makes car-wheel metal for the 
Grand Trunk and Great Western Railways ; some little used in the cupola for 
stoves and small castings. Uses a 45 pr. ct. bog ore which lies in veins of from 9 
to 12 inches thick in the neighborhood. Uses 500 bushels of charcoal per day, cost- 
ing delivered at furnace, $5.60 per 108 bushels. Employs 300 men and 24 horses. 
A Rolling Mill is to be constructed near the furnace. 

648. ST. MAURICE Furnace.— At the mouth of a little stream entering St. Mau- 
rice River. Has 1 round, double acting, tight cylinder, 4x5 stroke, 9 revolutions. 
Ore, bog from Point an Lac, St. Etienne, St. Margaret's, Machiche, and Champlaiu ; 
all in the neighborhood. Makes iron for car-wheels. Has a cupola furnace for 
working up stoves and other small castings for the Montreal and Quebec markets. 
These works have been held by the present owners for two years. There is said 
to have been a furnace erected on this spot 140 years ago by the Jesuits. 

649. MARMORA Furnace. — In Canada West. Has 2 round, iron, tight cylinders 
3|^ X 4>£ stroke, 14 revolutions per minute. The I'eceiver is 50 x 6 feet. Ore, Black 
Magnetic Oxide (62^ pr. ct.), comes 5 miles by water. Makes iron for West Canada 
markets. Water power 200 feet from stack. 

An OLD FRENCH Forge, in which scrap is worked up into horse-shoe iron and- 
plough moulds is connected with this furnace. Uses two-old French bellows. 

Addenda. 

A. 9. FORT EDWARD Irmi Co. Furnace.— On the east bank of the Hudson, in 
the village of Fort Edward, C. C. Alger and others owners, Franklin Harris mana- 
ger, S. R. Potter agent, was built 1854, started May 20 '55, did little that year, 
making only 1810 tons in 29 weeks ; made in 1856, 42 weeks, 4459 tons; made from 
Jan'y 1 '67 to Aug. 5 '57, 31 weeks, 4730 tons, stopped for repairs and remodelled. 
Was to have run in again Sep. 15 '57 ; was burnt down, but some of the machinery 
saved Nov. 14 '57. The old blowing apparatus was kept mounted to use in case of 
accident. The new apparatus was a beautiful engine driving 2 horizontal 02 iron 
cylinders 5 x 5J^ feet stroke, 11 to 13 revolutions per minute, geared together and 
to a third pinion wheel between. Size of furuace 17 feet across bosh, .301^ high, 
S?i aeross T. H. Gas tapped 7 feet down, cold and hot pipes, IS inches ; tuyeres 3, i}^ 
inch nozzles, hot blast, 511) pressure, water power, magnetic (Sanford and Amer. 
Mineral Co.) and Fossil (Clinton) ores mixed. Flux pure limestone. Coal, Pittstou 
and Lehigh. Markets, Troy, Albany, and New Y'ork. (J. L. Jun. Sep. 12 '57.) 

E. 44. OXFORD Furnace. — Owned by Chas. Scranton and Co., Chas. Scranton 
manager. — Correction, Note 44, page 84, for 22 inches, read 22 feet. " Since you 
were here, another very large and rich vein of ore has been discovered and 
opened. Th« sales of Iron ore to other establishments from the mines here are 
from 1000 to 1200 tons per month. The works here are now owned and conducted 
by Mess. Geo. W. & S. T. Scranton. The make of car-wheels has been only a little 
over half the usual quantity owing as usual to the general prostration of all in- 
dustrial pursuits under the workings of this present most unwise tariff system." 
(Corr. July 22, 1S5S.) 

214, 215. REBECCA and JANE Furnaces.— Middle Virginia, notes, page 113. D. 
J. Wilson writes March 3 '58, "My furnaces are on Long's entry Creek, a branch of 
James River and within 4 miles of the river where it is navigable, but neither of 
them have been operated for a number of years. Rebecca has a water-wheel 32 
feet high, 3 tuyeres of 2>^ inch nozzle and 2 tubs 6 feet in diameter, loose, and 
worked ia the old fashion with cams. Ores browu hematite making superior iron. 
The 7 heirs of Wm. Wilson, dec'd, own and are very anxious to sell the property, 
9000 acres, most of it well timbered and the ores convenient and inexhaustible. 
The most metal that either furnace e\"er produced in any one week was 42 tons, 
and the Reb«cca made 1160 tons in ten months when operated by Mr. Ross." 

254. SHELBY Furnace. — Alabama, p. 116, the proprietor writes again that the 
blast of 1855 was so small because au experimental hot blast proved " a most sig- 
nal failure," and encloses the following statement of his founder Mr. Babington, 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the .year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the OflSce of the Clerk of the District Court of the 

United States in and for tlie Eastern District of the State of PennsyWania. 



166 



which of course he endorses. " I have been blowing and managing furnaces for 
the past twenty-flve years in Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, Mary- 
land &c. and have never before found ore that would yield fifty percent, regularly 
in a furnace. A good furnace here will make 8 to 10 tons per day as easy as ore 
in those States would 6 to 8 tons with the same amount of coal. Estimate of cost of 
one ton of pig metal: cost to raise one ton of ore 37 }i cfs.; hauling 25 ; burning 23, 
cleaning ready for use50=$1.37i^ ; 2 tons of ore to one ton of pig=$2.75 Charcoal 
113 bushels at 4 cents=$i.52. Founders' wages 1.00, hands' wages 1.2.5, = $9.52, 
the furnace running 4 tons per day ; if 6 to 8 tons, the cost would be reduced 10 
per cent. Add 48 cents for oil, smiths, carpenters &c. which would be abundance, 
and we have the cost of a ton of pig metal in Alabama $10.00. In Pennsylvania in 
my time it was $15 to $16 ; in Kentucky it cost about the same ; in Ohio .$12 to $14 ; 
in Maryland $17 to $18 ; in Tennes.see we always count on $15. I have made cal- 
culations at different furnaces. I have run this [Shelby] furnace seven months 
under unfavorable circumstances and have not used over 115 bushels of coal to the 
ton of pig iron. The hard Round Mountain ore requires 250 to 300 bushels." 

275.5. HIWASSEE Furnace, Polk Co. Tenn,— Erected in 1847 to make iron out 
of the gossan of the Hiwassee copper vein ; which covers the broad line of outcrop 
in large cellulose blackish brown masses. But the metal produced was red short 
and the enterprise was abandoned. (Safford quoted by Pigot on Copper, p. 276.) 

A list of Ftirnaces of Ohio omitted from Table H. 
To the conrtesy of John Wilkeson, Esq. of Buffalo I am indebted for the follow- 
ing corrections and additions to the Western tables. 

467.1. CONNEAUT Furnace.— Near Conneaut, Ashtabula Co. Ohio, was built in 
1832 by Jud.ge Dart and others. About 30 feet high and 7 to 8 feet bosh. Charcoal. 
Ean several years and was abandoned. 

467.2. ARCOLE Furnaces. — In Madison Township, Lake (late Geauga) Co. Ohio. 
The old'stack was built in 1825 by Root and Wheeler, and the new one by Wilkeson 
& Co. in 1832. This company owned both stacks from 18.30 and ran them regularly 
until 1851 when they were sold to the Geauga Iron Co. and have stood idle ever 
since. Both stacks are 30 feet high, 9 feet in the bosh, 2 feet tunnel head ; blew 
cold, (because hot blast was found to injure the iron), with steam ; cylinders 40 
inch X 45 inch, iron ; charcoal ; bog ore ; and made a strong soft iron. The fur- 
naces were very successful and made thirty (30) tons a week, each. 

467.3. CLYDE Furnace.— In Madison, Lake Co. Ohio, was built in 1832 by 
Moseley & Co. and abandoned in 1838. Charcoal ; water power. 

467.4. GEAUGA Furnace. — One mile north of Paineville, Lake Co. Ohio, on Grand 
river, was built in 1824 (?) by an incorporated Company and has been run ever 
since, formerly on Bog ore alone, but now on Bog ore mixed with Lake Superior. 
Blast hot. Power water and steam. Fuel charcoal. Production 30 to 35 tons 
per week. 

467.5. CONCORD Furnace.- South of Paineville in Concord, Lake Co. Ohio, was 
built in 1825 by Fields and Stickuey, and burned down and abandoned some years 
since. Charcoal. Water. About 30 tons a week. 

467.6. RAILROAD Furnace.— In Perry, Geauga Co. Ohio, was built about 1825, 
by Thorndike & Drury of Boston. Idle since 1838. 

467.7. MIDDLEBDRGH Furnace.— At Middlebnrgh, Cuyahoga Co. Ohio, was built 
about 1836, was never very sue cestui and is now abandoned. 

467.8. DOVER Furnace. — At Dover, Loraine Co. Ohio, was built in 1834, ran a 
number of years and is now out of repair and abandoned. 

467.9. ELYRIA Furnace.— At Elyria, Loraine Co. Ohio, was built in 1832 by Ely, 
Johnson & Co. and run with indifferent success a number of years and then 
abandoned. 

468. VERMILLION Furnace.- AtFlorence. Huron Co. Ohio, was built in 1834 by 
the Geauga Iron Co. and sold in 1835 to Wilkeson & Co. who ran it with success 
until within a year or two. It is now standing still. 

468.1. TILDEN'S Parnace.- In Vermillion, Huron Co. was built about 1854 and 
is now owned by Dr. Tilden of Cleveland. Uses charcoal and Lake Superior ore. 

468.2. TUSCARAWAS STEAM Furnace.— Fairfield, Tuscarawas Co. was built 
about 1830 by Christmas Hazlett & Co. and sold to the Zoar Community. It ran 
until 1846, on charcoal, and when the timber failed blew out. Coal and ore 
abound around it. 

468.3. ZOAR Furnace. — Zoar, Tuscarawas Co. Ohio, was built by the Zoar Com- 
munity and ran many years until charcoal failed. Ore and bituminous coal are 
abundant near it. 

468.4. MIDDLEBURY Furnace.— Middlebury, Summit Co. Ohio, and 

468..5. TALLMADGE Furnace.— Tallmadge, Summit Co. Ohio, were old works 
when Mr. Wilkeson went to Arcole in 1830, smelting the coal measure carbonate 
ores with charcoal, and both went out of blast about 1835. 

468.6. AN OLD Furnace.— StUl stands in Hartford, Mahoning Co. Ohio. 

"The Conneaut, Clyde, Arcole, Railroad, Geauga, Concord, Dover, Middlebnrgh 
and Vermillion Furnaces above mentioned were blown some eight months each 
year, and made about 30 tons per week of metal from the bog ore found in swales 
and swamps near and generally to the north of a ridge of land which was proba- 
bly once the shore of Lake Erie, found extending with now and then an interval 
along from the west boundary of the State of New York to the Huron River in 
Ohio. The want of wood for charcaal consequent upon the clearing up of the 
land has occasioned the stoppage of the most of these works. For a long time the 
settlers upon the shores of Lake Erie and of the State of Michigan were supplied 
with their stoves, potash kettles and other castings by these works. The commu- 
nities who made farms near them and supplied them with charcoal, provisions. 



provender and labor are among the most prosperous and wealthy in Ohio. As s 
general thing the owners of the works themselves became wealthy. Their trade 
was essentially one of barter, both parties being the gainers, giving what tliey had 
and could spare to be used on the spot for what they had not but wanted, saving 
thus the expenses of carriage commissions and other needless expenses." 

468.7 A LARGE COKE Furnace.— Not far east of Akron was erected in 1847 or 
1848, and abandoned after one or two blasts, owing to the alleged sulphury cha- 
racter of the coal near it. 

462. BRIAR HILL Furnace.— Page 128, was erected by Wood in 1847 not 1845. 

457. MAHONING Furnace. — ^P. 125. "My brothers and myself having ri.sked a 
large sum of money in that enterprise and labored on it for years and succeeded 
fully in smelting iron with raw bituminous coal and claiming to have been the 
first in the United States to have done so successfully, we would like your notice 
amended thus. — Mahoning Furnace, Poland, Mahoning Co. Ohio was commenced 
in 1845 by Wilkeson & Co. of Buffalo ; put in blast Aug. 1846 on raw bituminous 
coal and has run on same fuel ever since. This is the first furnace in the United 
States which used raw hitumino^is coal. 'By reference to our minutes we see that 
our blast cyl. was and still is 6 x 6 ft. and the steam cyl. 6 x 32 inches, one piston 
rod to both. Afterwards the cylinders were disconnected and geared so as to run 
2 to 1. The tunnel head at first was 6 not 5 feet. The stack is cut stone and very 
substantial, 45 ft. high, 13 ft. bosh and 6 ft. tunnel head. Y'our note No. 458 states 
erroneously that stone coal was not used in the Valley until ? 1844. It was first 
used at Mahoning Furnace in 1846, and we used it because its analysis was similar 
to that of the Sjjlint coal of Scotland." 

Corrections to Furnaces in Indiana. 

616.4. There is a charcoal stack near Laporte, which was built perhaps in 184S, 
used bog ore and now stands idle. 

616.5. MISHAWAKA Furnace. — At Mishawaka St. Joseph Co. was erected about 
1833, has always done a fair business, and is running yet, — Charcoal, — bog ore. 

616.6. A third Furnace stands in Elkhart Co. and used bog ore. 

Correction to Furnace Notes of Wtsconsin. 

624. NORTHWESTERN IRON CO. Furnace.— At Mayville, Dodge Co. Wisconsin. 
Was built by the owners of the Mishawaka company of Indiana who did not fail, 
but failed to make stove plate from its iron which would stand fire, their iron was 
brittle, so they sold the furnace to the present company, who have but one fur- 
nace, since the furnace (No. 625) mentioned in the Bulletin was never actually 
built. The furnace makes the cheapest iron in this country, its alleged cost being 
under $10. 

A second stack has been erected at the Jackson Iron Hill, Michigan, and it is said 
that the ore makes red short iron, and is improved by mixing with an equal weight 
of coal measure carbonate. I have the very good authority of Ales. Campbell, Esq. 
of Newcastle, Pa. for this assertion. 

H. 511. HOWARD Furnace. — The following letter receives our warmest thanks 
and is published verbatim : 

J. P. Lesley, Sec. Sir. I have made up brief answers to questions inclosed. — 
Would remark that your snmmarj of treatment of ores in this region does not pre- 
sent the matter fairly— ores are so far as I know universally roasted and generally 
with great care, and are as well prepared forfurnace as in any section I know of — 
Necessity has made this so — most of Raw ores work "wild" and are refractory, 
which when burned become remarkably mild. — In this particular the Limestone 
ore stands with the rest. When these ores are improperly prepared the Iron is 
often white or mottled and shows the presence of sulphur in its appearance, and 
beside gives out strong sulphurous smell as it runs from the furnace, while Iron 
made from the same ores thoroughly burned with small charcoal and charcoal 
dust is a No. 1 Foundry Iron of high character. The most rational conclusion 
about this is probably that the ores do contain much sulphur but that it is almost 
entirely free is not combined with the iron and readily passes off at a red heat. 
When these ores (any of them) become " blue" the sulphur is as obstinate as in 
ores from any of the upper coal measures, and with common treatment will not 
make No. 1 iron. This experience has forced a thorough roasting of ores and I 
am safe in saying that throughout this whole district they are well prepared. 

Respectfully yours, H. A. WEBB. 

J. 145. CAMBRIA Rolling Mill.— Made from Jan. 1 to July 1, '57, 10,.370 tons ; 
from July 9 to Dec. 31 '57, 7,438 = 17,808 tons. 

Kelly's Process. 
H. 346. CAMBRIA Furnace.— Mr. Kelly writes June 29th 1858, "I have now 
fairly got it in successful operation at Cambria furnace 4 miles from this place. It 
works well ; not the slightest diiiiculty in converting crude pig into refined plate 
metal, by blowing into it for about 15 to 25 minutes. I have not consulted the 
manager Mr. Fritz as to the exact amount saved in the manufacture of Rails but I 
think it will be found something like this: 

Say difference in puddler's wages per ton $1 00 

8 per cent, of increased weight on one ton of metal over the charge of 

crude pig @ $20 1 60 

25 per cent, saved in fuel, fixings for furnace &c 59 

One reheat saved c 50, one rerolling saved c 50 1 00 

5 per cent, saved in loss of reheating and rerolling (the iron at tils 

stage being worth $25) 1 2.5 

Total saving per ton $5 35 

I have no doubt that the above is nearly correct, the time saved in puddling a, 
beat is about ^ of an hour. It makes a bar very different in quality from the 
crude pig." 



The Secretary of the American Iron Association is instrncted by the Board of Managers to announce to the Members 
that the present issue completes the First Volume, and to request them to bind the issues for preserTation, as there is 
no probability that the materials they contain will ever be reprinted in any but a fragmentary and incomplete manner. 
They are therefore of peculiar value not only as a general historical record but as a body of special facts to be preserved 
only by those who now hold them. 



167 



SUMMARY OF FACTS CONTAINED IN THE FOREGOING TABLES AND NOTES. 

From the Annual Report of the Secretary, March 10, 1858. 



During tbe last year the Association has accomplished 
the first object it had in view and obtained for the most part 
authentic statistics of the manufacture of iron in the United 
States and Canada, of 832 blast furnaces, 488 forges and 
225 rolling mills. What could not be obtained by repeated 
correspondence was gone after, and personal search made 
over large areas of unknown ground; obscure and unimport- 
ant information was followed into the least accessible places, 
especially in the south, at great expense of time and money; 
so that since Jan'y 1 1857, 443 days have been spent in 
travelling, while at the same time a constant correspondence, 
arrangement and proof reading has been kept up at the of- 
fice in Philadelphia. The organization of the work is now 
complete and efiScient. The principal expense has fallen of 
course upon the first year of active work. One-fourth of the 
whole number of iron works collected in the tables were 
found to be abandoned and subjects therefore of no future 
research, but only of history. One-third of the whole number 
were found to be forges, the greater part of which were occu- 
pied in making so small a quantity of malleable iron (about 
7000 tons) that they are scarcely worthy to take a place in 
the tables for comparison oftener than once in ten years. 
The future statistical correspondence and travelling will 
limit itself to about 900 works. Correspondence has been 
established between the office and influential, courteous and 
interested iron masters in every part of the Union on a 
pleasant and permanent footing which must make the yearly 
collection of facts comparatively easy and cheap and reduce 
the expenses of the Association nearly within its income. 

Accompanying each Iron works in the tables is a note, 
more or less extended, detailing more precisely its situation 
and past history, any peculiarities or alterations in its shape, 
arrangement or working, the success or failure of experi- 
ments, the situation of mines and markets, the cost of mate- 
rials in all cases where this has been volunteered by the owners, 
and the advertisement of any intention or wish of the owners 
to sell. In no other cases has private information been 
sought or used ; nor has any attempt been made to take ac- 
count or make an estimate of the amount of stock on hand 
in the different iron regions, or transcend in any way the 
just limits of a strictly general interest, or of an impartial 
scientific record of facts for the use and benefit of all. It is 
believed that in this respect these tables and notes are un- 
«xceptionable, as they are certainly unparalleled for "accu- 
racy and extent. The Association may well claim the sym- 
pathy and support of the great body of American Iron men 
on the strength of this first full practical representation of 
their interests even to their own eyes ever made. And it is 
evident that one of its chief values will be lost if it be not 
followed up from year to year with steadiness and energy. 

At the close of last year there should have been a fresh 
■correspondence opened for the purpose of perfecting the 
column devoted to last year's production. But the embar- 
rassments of the business community cut off from the Asso- 
ciation its resources at the moment when it needed them 
most, and it is therefore proposed to delay sending out the 
next circular until next December, when both 1851 and 1858 
can be obtained together.* 

The American Iron Association has exerted itself to ef- 
fect an exhaustive survey and analysis of the Iron produc- 
tion of the Uuited States. 

Wherever there has been doubt about the correctness of 

* A circular has however been lately issued and the results up 
to date of printing are embodied in the Summary. 



the information furnished us by the owners or managers of 
Iron works, it has been checked by side inquiry, or by an 
inspection of the books on the spot; and all works from 
which no information could be obtained in any other way 
have been visited and examined personally. The data thus 
collected are therefore more than usually reliable ; and where 
the truth could not by any means be arrived at, the fact is so 
stated on the face of the tables and explanations offered in the 
subsequent notes. The consequence has been, on the one hand 
a large addition to the list of Iron works previously known 
and of persons interested in the manufacture, and on the 
other hand a material correction of the exaggerated local 
reports of the manufacture which have gone befoi'e for true. 
It is the intention of the Association to prosecute these re- 
searches periodically with the same expense of care, omitting 
nothing which can ensure correctness in detail and furnish 
an unbroken history of the manufacture of Iron in every one 
of its regions and departments. 

There are three principal departments of the Iron manu- 
facture ; the first represented by the Blast Furnaces and 
Bloomary Forges, producing crude iron from the ore ; the 
second represented by the Forges properly so called, turn- 
ing cast iron into malleable blooms and slabs ; and the third 
represented by the Rolling Mills converting pig and mal- 
leable iron into manufactured shapes ready for the mechanic, 
or the civil engineer. Beyond this point the manufacture of 
iron cannot be followed with any present organization of in- 
quiry, or without great expense. 

The following table will show the present extent and dis- 
tribution of the works in these departments and in the 
different States of the Union. 



STATES. 2 1 


^ o3 

c z. 


c o 


5 
s •/■; 

Si 


5 '3 

Ms 


c to 


r3 

o .2 

11 

52 


to 

.S X 


T3 

9 
o 

3 

«5 


Maine . . 


1 




, , 




. . 




1 




N. Hamp. . . 


1 




, , 




1 




. . 




Vermont . . 


5 




5 




, . 




1 




Mass. 3 


1 




. . 




5 




19 




R. Island . . 


, , 




, , 




. . 




2 




Conn. 1 


14 




, , 




6 




5 




New York 14 


29 


6 


42 


1 


3 


2 


11 


5 


N. Jersey 4 
Penn. 93 


6 
150 


12 
102 


48 
1 


29 
3 


2 
110 


44 


10 
91 


1 
5 


Delaware . . 


, , 


1 


, , 




. . 




4 




Maryland 6 
Virginia . . 


24 
39 


1 
56 






43 




13 
12 




N. Caro. . . 


3 


3 


36 




. . 




1 




S. Caro. . . 


4 


4 


2 




. . 




3 




Georgia 


7 


1 


4 




. . 




2 




Alabama . . 


3 


1 


14 




, . 




. . 




Tennessee . . 


41 


33 


50 


2 


9 


3 


3 




Kentucky . . 
Arkansas . . 


30 


17 


i 




4 


9 


8 




Missouri . . 


'i 


. , 


• . 




3 


. . 


5 




Illinois . . 


2 


. , 


, . 






. . 


1 




Indiana . . 


2 


3 


, . 






. . 


1 




Ohio 


54 


2G 


, , 






5 


15 




Michigan . . 


1 


. , 


3 






. . 


2 




Wisconsin . . 


3 


. . 


. . 






. . 


. . 




Total 121 


439 


272 


203 


35 


186 


64 


210 


15 



Working 1159 = Furnaces 560 

Abandoned 386 = Furnaces 272 

In all 1545 = Furnaces 832 



Forges 389 R. M. 210 
Forges 99 R. M. 15 
Forges 488 R. M. 225 



168 



In this synopsis attention is to a certain extent distracted 
from the regions into which the field of the iron manufacture 
distributes itself by the desirableness of showing the pro- 
duction of individual States. There are however in fact cer- 
tain geographical iron centres which are wholly irrespective 
of international boundary lines. 

1. There is the Iron region of Northern New York, which 
formerly included Vermont and makes its iron from primi- 
tive ores by means of 40 bloomaries and a few blast furnaces, 
three of which are now anthracite. 

2. There is the hematite and primary ore belt of the 
Highlands, beginning in Western Massachusetts and running 
through Northern New Jersey into Pennsylvania, containing 
44 charcoal and 22 anthracite furnaces and 60 forges most 
of them making iron from the ore. Some of these works are 
of the oldest in the United States and of revolutionary cele- 
brity. Yet the region itself hardly holds its own, in spite of 
its admirable location, in the present condition of the manu- 
facture, owing to its ruinous proximity to the seaboard ports 
glutted as they are with foreign iron. 

3. Eastern Pennsylvania and Northeastern Maryland is 
the greatest iron region in the Union, containing as it does 98 
anthracite and 103 charcoal furnaces, and lli forges, none 
of which last produce iron from the ore. It is itself divisible 
into smaller areas, with distinct geographical and geological 
limits, affording primitive and brown hematite ores, and in the 
centre lies its anthracite region of principal productiveness. 

4. Northwestern Yirginia and Southwestern Pennsylvania 
constitute together a fourth much smaller iron region, with 
its coal measure carbonate ores, and its 42 fui'naces, and two 
or three forges. Its production in the tables is accidentally 
increased by the circumstance that the great Cambria works 
of Johnstown have been built within its northern limits. 

5. Pennsylvania has still another and more important iron 
region in the northwest, including the northeastern corner 
of Ohio. Here 66 furnaces have been in blast manufacturing 
iron from the buhrstone and other carbonaceous ores at the 
northern outcrop of the great Bituminous Coal Region. All 
the forging of this region is done in the Rolling Mills and 



workshops of Pittsburg and other centres of trade upon the 
Ohio waters. 

6. The Ironton Region through which the Ohio River 
breaks above Portsmouth contains 45 furnaces on the Ohio 
and 11 on the Kentucky side, some of which use the coal of 
the mine for fuel, and all of them the ores of the coal mea- 
sures for stock. 

1. The old iron making region of Middle and Eastern Yir- 
ginia, a prolongation of the Pennsylvania region across the 
Potomac, supplied with the same brown hematite and mag- 
netic ores, contains 16 furnaces in its division east of the 
Blue Ridge only one of which is in blast, and 30 furnaces 
west of the Blue Ridge. It has also 35 forges. 

8. In the northern part of East Tennessee, and northwest 
corner of North Carolina, is seen a knot of 41 bloomary 
forges and 9 furnaces using the hematite and magnetic ores 
of the highland range ; while to the west of them at the base 
of the Cumberland Mountains, and on the outcrop of the 
fossiliferous " dyestone" ore of the upper silurian rocks, are 
14 forges and 5 furnaces. In the southwestern corner of 
North Carolina are 5 forges of the same kind, and further 
to the east is a belt through the centre of North Carolina 
passing over the line a few miles into South Carolina con- 
sisting of 21 forges and 5 furnaces. There is also a small 
iron region in Northern Georgia along the line of the Chat- 
tahooche, which passes over into Alabama. This whole 
country possesses an incalculable, inexhaustible abundance 
of the richest ores, while its production of iron still remains 
at a minimum. 

9. There is as yet but one principal iron region in the 
far west, that of Western Tennessee and Western Kentucky, 
with its peculiar ores, and 45 furnaces, and six or eight 
forges ; but 

10. In Missouri a beginning has been made with the Iron 
Mountain as a centre, and there already exist 1 furnaces ia 
blast upon brown hematite and primitive ores. > i 

Tabulating these regions we obtain their relative import- 
ance as follows : 



Production of Furnace Pig Iron of the different regions, in the 

1854 



order of Quantity 

1855 



Produced. 



1855 



Anthracite. In Pennsylvania 

" Out of Pennsylvania 

Charcoal and Coke 



(S. Ohio 
(E. Ke 



Charcoal 



Charcoal and Coke 



Kentucky 
JW. Pennsylvania 
IN. Ohio . 
E. Pennsylvania 
W. Tennessee 
W. Kentucky 
S. Indiana 
S. Illinois 
' S. W. Pennsylvania 
N. W. Yirginia 
'Maryland . 
Charcoal E. of the Hudson . 
" N. and W. New York . 
" " Missouri 

S. N. York and N. N. Jersey 
" E. and Mid. Yirginia . 
N. and S. Carolina 
Georgia 
E. Tenn. and Alabama . 
'' ' " " Michigan 
" " '■ Wisconsin 
Total Production of Pig Metal in the United States 
Increase of production from 1854 to 1855 . 
Increase of production from 1855 to 1856 . 
Total Increase of production from 1854 to 1856 . 



56,081) 
22,929] 
18,9217 
11,289| 

31,918 

12,236 

1,400 

1,500 

11,0152) 

l,930j 



1,820) 

2,391 y 

1,845) 
,990| 



208,103 
99,001 

19,010 

90,216 

62,124 

53,054 

12,982 

35,658 
30,420 
19,191 

1,591 
13,435 

5,880 

6,056 

,990 
124,833 



41,982] 

16,180f 

59,388) 

9,926) 

83,6831 

13,664 

1,500 

1,500 

18,211) 

2,342] 



1,830) 

2,115^ 

1,516) 

,950) 



255,326 

81,119 

64,162 

69,314 
60,596 

50,341 

20,559 

36,309 
32,826 
19,136 
10,181 
1,901 
6,926 

6,061 

,950 

128,913 

4,140: 



306,912 
81,531 

2?:66l} 92,116* 

I?;056l ^^'^^^* 
52,115 



32,162) 

14,902 ! 

1,800 ' 

1,800 

29,400) 

1,461]- 



50,664 

30,861 

30,998 
29,931 

18,841 

10,138 

5,683 

5,130 

1,956) 

2,801 [ 1,694 
2,931) 
3,618) 
2,500 J 

812,911 
• .6 per cent. 

11 per cent. = 83,880 

12 per cent, = 88,020 



6,118 



169 



The entire production of raw metal from the furnacesin 1856 
was a little over eight hundred thousand tons. The tables 
show much less change in the manufacture from year to year 
over the whole Union than was supposed to have taken 
place, judging from common rumor and local disconnected 
information. But they also show large local fluctuations 
and even permanent reversions of the rate of increase, and 
very different proportions for different regions. It is hardly 
necessary to add that they are sadly far from showing any- 
thing like the increase which the imperfect statistics of 185Y 
encouraged us in anticipating. Throughout the charcoal 
smelting i-egions, especially of the West, the year 1855, a 
year of drought, was also a year of feeble production. But 
for this drawback the Total productioyis of the following 
table would have shown a more regular rate of increase ; yet 
that increase would not have amounted to more than 40 or 
45,000 tons a year, or about six per cent, on the whole pro- 
duction. The production of 1857 was not greatly influenced 
by the crisis of October, and yet is now seen not to have 
reached that of 1856, as will appear further on. 

As to the local variations, the anthracite branch of the 
manufacture is seen to mount rapidly from year to year, 
being 115,000* tons in 1849, and 307,110 tons in 1854, an 
increase of nearly 200 per cent, in 5 years, equal to a regu- 
lar annual increase of tiuenty-two per cent. In 1855 it was 
343,105 tons; a further increase of twelve per cent. In 1856, 



394,509 tons; a further increase of nearly thirteen per cent. 
Whereas the increase of the whole ii'on production was but 
6 per cent — a fact to be explained by the steady conversion 
of charcoal into anthracite furnaces, the enlargement of their 
capacity and especially the concentration of capital about 
the geological centre of fuel in Pennsylvania. This is evi- 
dent from the fact that the anthracite production outside of 
Pennsylvania has diminished in the same time by an annual 
rate of over six per cent, from 99,007 to 87,537 tons; which 
raises the Pennsylvania anthracite annual increase still higher, 
namely, to over tiventy-two per cent., which curiously enough 
is exactly the annual increase of the whole anthracite pro- 
duction from 1849 to 1854, as stated above. Respecting 
the production of 1857 replies have lately been received 
from 71 of the 121 anthracite furnaces, by which it appears 
that these 71 furnaces which made in 1856 286,160 tons, 
made in 1857 281,980, or 4,180 tons less. If the remaining 
50 furnaces preserved this proportion, the productions of 
1856 and 1857 would appear to have been nearly the same ; 
but the furnaces not heard from are the ones most likely to 
exhibit a heavy decline of production. The crisis of 1857 
has reduced the production of 1858 to perhaps one-half 
that of 1857. Although it occurred too late in the season 
of 1857 to exert a great effect upon the production of 1857, 
we can ascribe to no other agency this falling off of the pro- 
duction of 1857 behind that of 1856 thus exhibited. 



Anthracite Production of 1857, as heard from ; 71 Furnaces. 



Outside of Pennsylvania, No. heard from 11 out of 27 1856 42,676 



In the Lehigh Yalley, 
In the Schuylkill Yalley 
Along the main Susquehanna " 
Along the N. & W. Branches " 
Totals 



20 out of 24 
15 out of 22 
15 out of 26 
10 out of 22 



121,021 
43,275 
39,704 
39,484 

286,160 



1857 44,612 
" 113,299 
" 48,310 
" 35,257 
" 40,502 

" 281,980 



Gain 1,936 Loss 



7,722 



5,035 

1,018 

" 4,180 



4,447 



There must have been a proportionate decrease also in the 
production of charcoal iron, and this decrease must have 
been even greater than it appears at first glance, because 
the increase of coke iron has been at the expense of this 
charcoal manufacture, and not at the expense of the anthra- 
cite production. The charcoal regions in Western Pennsyl- 
vania and Ohio have been invaded also by the raw bitumi- 
nous coal process. The CHARCOAL AND COKE IRON 
PRODUCTION from 1854 to 1856— 

In New England and N. York, fell off 
S. N. York and N. Jersey, " 
Eastern Pennsylvania, " 

Maryland " 

South of the Potomac, " 

N. W. Penna. and N. Ohio, " 
W. Ky. W. Tenn. Ind. and HI. " 
Total falling off,§ . 
In S. W. Penn. and N. W. Yirga. increased 
S. Ohio and E, Kentucky, ' 

Missouri, ' 

Michigan and Wisconsin ' 

Total Increase, 
Balance against Increase, . 

If from this account we take away the Coke and Raw 
Coal manufacture which was 54,485 tons in 1854 and 69,554 

* Estimating for furnaces No. 3, 6 and 13 ; it is 107,256 tons in 
the table p. 63. 

I Add 1340 for increase of coke iron in this region. 



. 4,683 


tons 


. 7,752 


tons 


. ll,839t 


tons 


. 4,660 


tons 


. ,550 


tons 


. 14,063| 


tons 


. 2,726 


tons 


. 46,273 


tons 


i 17,185|| 


tons 


13,106**tons 


4,676 


tons 


4,950 


tons 


39,917 


tons 


6,356 


tons 



in 1856, the above exhibit against the prosperity of the char- 
coal iron manufacture will appear still worse. 

Charcoal Iron 

In New England and New York, fell off 4,683 tons 

S. N. York and New Jersey, " . 7,752 tons 

Eastern Penna. " . 13,179 tons 

Maryland, " . 4,660 tons 

South of the Potomac, " . 550 tons 

N. W. Pa. and Ohio, " . 11,763 tons 

W. Keu'y. Tenn. &c., " . 2,726 tons 

Total falling off .... 45,313 tons 

Cliarcoal Iron 

In S. W. Pa. and N. W. Ya., increased . 75 tons 

S. Ohio and E. Ky. " . 16,885 tons 

Missouri " . 4,676 tons 

Wisconsin and Mich. " . 4,950 tons 

Total increase ..... 26,586 tons 

Balance against Increase . . .18,727 tons 



X Deduct 2300 for decrease of coke and raw coal iron in this re- 
gion. 

§ " It is noteworthy that the decrease of the charcoal iron pro- 
duct is exactly in proportion to the accessibility of the regions to 
the seaboard and to foreign iron. For instance. East of the Alle- 
ghanies shows a falling off. Northwestern Pennsylvania is acces- 
sible from the lakes and the Erie Canal ; and Western Kentucky 
and Tennessee, via New Orleans." (C. E. Smith.) 

II An increase due to the establishment of the Cambria Iron 
Works at Johnstown, the make of coke iron being 6,399 tons in 
1854 and 24,209 tons in 1856. 

** Deduct 1000, for increase of raw coal iron in this region. 



170 



In one or two regions the manufacture of charcoal iron is 
passing away. Of the 13 furnaces of Clarion, Venango and 
Mercer Counties, Pa., one of the most pi'oductive regions in 
the United States, 31 are abandoned, and the feeling ex- 
pressed in Clarion County is that in five years hardly a 
charcoal furnace will be in use. 

In Western Tennessee into which Pennsylvanian Iron men 
adventured twenty years ago to build up the manufacture of 
iron and make large fortunes, and were thought to have es- 
tablished it so firmly that a steady increase was more than 
an anticipation — was a fact, — our tables show a steady de- 
cline, from 1854 to 1851, from 31,918^, 33,683, 31,026 to 
27,050 tons. Had this decline been confined to 1855, we 
should ascribe it to the year of drought and small produc- 
tion all over the west. Had it been confined to 1857 we 
should ascribe it to the effects of the insurrection of Christ- 
mas 1856 which caused many of the furnaces to go out of blast; 
but the focus of that disturbance was in Kentucky, where 
the same table (K. page 159) shows as steady an increase 
of production through the same four years, from 12,236, 
13,664, 14,902 to 15,808 tons. There seems no escape from 
the conviction that in spite of the old establishment of the 
manufacture and wealth of ore deposits south of the Ken- 
tucky-Tennessee line, the capital and energy of the trade is 
moving northward down the two great rivers of that region, 
towards the Ohio and its Rolling Mills. The establishment 
of the Paducah, Covington and Indianapolis Mills and the 
opening up of the Missouri iron region will facilitate this 
change. On the other hand the completion of the Lexing- 
ton and Clarksville R. R. to bring the Kentucky bituminous 
coal down into the heart of the Tennessee Iron Region will 
undoubtedly retard it and may by a little enterprise be made 
to inaugurate a new era of prosperity for Western Tennessee. 
At present only fifteen of its forty-two furnaces are in blast. 

In striking contrast to the last described region stands 
that of Southern Ohio and Eastern Kentucky, called the 
Hanging Rock, 30 of its 59 furnaces having been ei'ected 
since 1850. In 1855 its production fell off nearly 15,000 
tons, and in 1856 increased 28,000, making this region 
second only to the anthracite region of Pennsylvania for 
the importance of its iron product, which in 1856 reached 
92,116 tons, and in 1857 96,000* tons. 

The West Pennsylvania and N. Ohio Region which began 
■with 90,000 and fell off in 1855 21,000 tons, only rose in 
1856 to 76,000, thus reversing the exhibition of the Hang- 
ing Rock region and showing a tendency of the manufacture 
westward, down the Ohio, precisely analogous to that we 
have pointed out in Western Tennessee. 

In Eastern Pennsylvania the charcoal iron production has 
diminished regularly in three years from 62,724, 60,596 to 
51,775, although these numbers include the production of 
several coke furnaces at the head of the Juniata. The 
whole decrease of charcoal iron alone was 13,179 tons.f 

In New England, New York, New Jersey, Maryland and 
the States south of the Potomac the charcoal iron manu- 
facture has fallen off and apparently from some general and 
chronic cause, and is moving its centres westward to the 
limits of the bituminous coal fields, and to the new iron 
lands of Missouri, Wisconsin and Michigan. 

The production of last year (1857) promised in the spring 
and summer to be a large increase upon that of 1856, but 



* A certain number of furnaces having reported in 1857, the com- 
parison of the two years for these furnaces gives 60,218 : 62,779=au 
increase of 2,561 tons, and if this rate held good for tlie whole 
number of furnaces it would give 3,700 tons increase. 



the panic of September and the subsequent withdrawal of 
credit from the manufacturing energy of the country stopped 
most of the rolling mills and obliged some of the furnaces 
to go out of blast. Many continued to run up their stock 
but ceased to procure fresh supplies of ore, and the winter 
has passed at many furnaces with almost no attempt at coaling. 
The anthracite region of the Lehigh is prominent in con- 
tinuing to make iron ; its pi'oduction will probably reach 
two-thirds of its ordinary amount. But in the Schuylkill, 
and Lebanon valleys 22 out of 28 anthracite furnaces were 
idle in May last, and in the Susquehanna and Juniata valleys 
15 out of 20. We may state that at present not more than 
50 or 60 out of the whole 121 anthracite furnaces of the 
Northern States are making iron. 

In Northwestern Pennsylvania in January last only 20 
charcoal furnaces continued in blast, some of which were 
running out stock. 

In the great Ironton region of Southern Ohio and Eastern 
Kentucky in January last there were a large number stand- 
ing still, and many of those in blast were making small pre- 
paration for the coming year. This year is already far 
enough advanced to make it certain that its general pro- 
duction of iron in the United States will fall off to perhaps 
one-half of that of 1857 ; the tone of the replies to the 
circular of July 1 was almost without exception angry and 
desponding. 

The ore deposits drawn on for the supply of these fur- 
naces are innumerable. They distribute themselves however 
under five heads, magnetic, brown hematite, fossil, carbonate 
and bog. 

The Magnetic or primitive ores are confined to the High- 
land or Blue Ridge Belt of the Atlantic Coast, to the Adi- 
rondac Region of Northern New York and Canada, and to 
the small iron area of Eastern Missouri. In these three 
regions those geological formations called in Ca.nada the 
Huronian system, which underlie the lowest members of the 
United States or Appalachian system called in England 
the Lower Silurian system, crop out with their magnetic or 
primitive ores in rude beds or veins usually of great thick- 
ness. The mines of Northern New Jersey and of Lake 
Champlain, and the Iron Mt. of Missouri are the principal 
exhibitions of such ores. 

Immediately above them, and connected with limestones 
of the Lower Silurian age are the Brown Hematite beds, an 
incalculable large number of deposits in holes or crevasses 
of every shape and size, uncertain in extent and of variable 
richness and constitution, all of them alloyed more or less 
with manganese, sulphur, phosphorus and zinc, so as to be 
sometimes red short, sometimes cold short, sometimes neutral. 
The homes of these ores are the two great belts of lower 
Silurian limestone, one outside of the Highlands and Blue 
Ridge, and the other inside of that mountain axis in the 
Great or Cumberland Valley from Vermont to Alabama. 
Wherever these lower silurian limestones come up in our 
interior Appalachian valleys the hematite ores appear with 
them, and this fact has caused Middle Pennsylvania to be 
the iron making region that it is. The same limestones 
spread out over the west and show the same ores. 

The Fossil ore, called Dyestone in Tennessee, is a later and 

t Mr. C. E. Smith showed the decrease from 1847 to 1849 in 
Penn. char, hot blast iron to be 94,519—58,302 = 36,217, and in 
Penn. char, cold blast iron to be 125,155—80,665 = 34,490. His 
statistics for 1850 continued the decline, giving for P. C. hot B. 
42,555, P. C. cold B. 70,727. (Appendix to Report of Committee on 
Statistics, page 103.) 



171 



distinct rock deposit half way up the Appalachian system 
towards the coal. It appears in outcrop at the foot of all 
our Alleghany Mountains composed of upper Silurian sand- 
stone, especially at Norwich, New York; Danville and Lewis- 
town and HoUidaysburg, Pennsylvania; Hancock and Cum- 
berland, Maryland ; at the Cumberland Gap, Virginia, and 
through Eastern Tennessee. It is everywhere traceable 
round the coal regions, but is seldom thick enough to work. 
Where it is, it is a valuable and an inexhaustible ore. In 
the west it is not practicable except in Wisconsin. As 
furnace stock it works easily, fluxing itself in some degree, 
and yields an admirable iron, tenacious and malleable, very 
free from sulphur and other alloy but generally cold short. 

At the top of the Appalachian system, inter-stratified with 
the coal beds, and therefore limited to the coal regions, are 
the beds of Carbonate of iron, in balls and plates, mixed 
with clay and sand, and especially with lime. Wherever 
M'orkable deposits of this ore have been hit upon, as in Cam- 
bria, Lycoming, Clarion, Venango, Armstrong and Butler 
Cos. , Pa., the Mahoning and the Scioto-Lawrence Co. regions 
of Ohio, and the Greenup-Carter region of Kentucky, iron 
furnaces abound. The ore is peculiar for throwing off its car- 
bonic acid in the shape of gas while at the top of the stack 
and presenting its spongy residuum of lime and iron to free 
contact with the hot blast of carbonic oxide from below, by 
which it is robbed of its oxygen and falls as cast iron into 
the hearth. It is an admirable ore therefore to mix with 
more refractory rock ores ; and when oversilicious itself it 
is mixed with the argillaceous fossil ore last mentioned or 
with the bog ores to be next described. These coal measure 
ores are the minei'al wealth of Western Pennsylvania and 
Virginia, and Eastern Ohio and Kentucky. 

The Bog ore beds are accidental deposits of peroxide of 
iron on the surface of the ground in lines of springs issuing 
from the outcrops of the carbonate beds last desci'ibed, and 
retained in their place by cryptogamous vegetation, ferns 
and mosses, the dead stems and leaflets of which form a 
constituent part of the spongy mass, and make it the most 
precious of all fluxes for the iron furnace. The number of 
these deposits is immense, but as each contains but from a 
few bushels to a few hundred tons, and as they are scattered 
along mountain sides, their sum total of stock is not great 
and but a small part of that is available. 

The second department of the Iron Manufacture repre- 
sented by Forges, is divisible into two parts. Bloomary Forges 
are small blast furnaces with open fronts like blacksmith 
fires intended to reduce the finer kinds of ore directly into a 
mass of iron which is placed under a tilt hammer and drawn 
out into a slab or anchony. 

The bloomaries of the United States produce 28,633 tons 
of malleable iron directly from the ore. 

Other forges are adjuncts to the blast furnaces and deal 
with their pigs of cast iron in like manner, converting them 
into blooms or slabs of malleable iron ready for reheating in 
the rolling mill. North of the Potomac 38,158 tons of mal- 
leable iron are thus forged, and 3,475 south and 11,611 west 
of it ; in all 53,244 tons. 

A few forges deal with scrap iron chiefly, but they differ 
in no respect from other forges. 

It is a great geographical feature in the iron manufacture 
of the United States that nearly all the forges are on the 
Atlantic side of the Alleghany Mountain. The Bloomaries 
are so located because they stand upon the magnetic ores ; 
but the common charcoal or German forge of the eastern 
valleys is replaced upon the waters of the Ohio by the pud- 
dling furnace of the rolling mill. 



There is a third division of the forges that use their 
hammers, which are often of great size and weight, in true 
forging, in making shafts, cranks, axles, anchors, chains, 
anvils, and all kinds of heavy iron work. This sort of forge 
is of every size and graduates downwards into the hand 
forge of the machine shop or smithery. Our tables however 
are confined to separate forges, of all three kinds. Of this 
heavy machine-forging 7,131 tons are done north of the 
Potomac and about 5000 tons in the west. 

The third department of the Iron Manufacture is occupied 
by the Rolling Mills, which take the cast iron of the fur- 
naces and the charcoal iron of the bloomaries and common 
forges, refine it in puddling furnaces, roll it into rough bars, 
cut, pile and reheat these in heating furnaces and roll them 
into rails, merchant bars, and plates and sheet-iron of all 
kinds for all the purposes of manufacture. Attached to all 
the old and many of the new rolling mills we find the nail, 
spike, railroad chair and horseshoe factories. The rolling 
mills are to be distinguished therefore into rail mills, boiler- 
plate mills, nail mills, and merchant bar mills, the first three 
having a certain geographical distribution, and the last 
being found in all parts of the iron making regions. 

1. The rail mills of the United States are Tons of rails. 

The Bay State, South Boston, which made in 1856 17,871 

The Rensselaer, Troy, N. T., " " 13,512 

The Trenton, N. J., " " about 13,000 

The Phcenixville, Pa., " " 18,592 

The Pottsville, Schuylkill Co. Pa., " " 3,021 

The Lackawanna, Luzerne Co. Pa., " 11,338 

The Rough and Ready, Danville, Pa., " 5,259 

The Montour, " " " 17,538 

The Safe Harbor, Lancaster Co. Pa., " 7,347 

The Mount Savage, Cumberland, Md., " 7,159 

The Cambria, Cambria Co. Pa., " " 13,206 

The Brady's Bend, Armstrong Co. Pa., " 7,533 

The Cosalo, Lawrence Co. Pa., " " 000 

The Washington, at Wheeling, Va., " 2,355 

The McNickle, at Covington, Ken'y, " 1,976 

The Newbury, near Cleveland, Ohio, " 000 

The Rail Road Mill, at Cleveland, " " 000 

The Wyandotte, near Detroit, Mich., " 1,848 

The Chicago, in Illinois, " " 000 

The Indianapolis, in Indiana, " " 000 

Total above make of Rails in 1856 " " 141,555 

The last four mills have been recently started with the 
intention of re-rolling western rails. The Fairmount at 
Philada., has been also recently adapted to rolling rails; 
and the Palo Alto at Pottsville, rolled a thousand tons or 
so, in 1856. There were therefore made 142,555 tons of 
railroad iron in 1856, of which two-thirds were made in 
Pennsylvania. 

The extension of this branch of the iron manufacture will 
be seen by the following comparison of four years : — 

Made. Imported. Total for Consumption. 

*1853, 105,000 tons 298,995 403,995 

*1854, 121,000 282,867 403,867 

*1855, 134,000 127,516 261,516 

1856, 142,555 155,496 298,051 

* There is some reason to fear that several rail mills overstated 
their production from 5000 (in the aggregate) to 10,000 tons, and 
that it would not be unsafe to give for 1853, 4 and 5, the following 
figxires— 100,000, 110,000, 125,000. But the correction does not rest 
upon a certainty, and therefore must be submitted to the judgment 
and future opportunities of the reader. The figures for 1856 must 
furnish a very close approximation to the truth. 



172 



2. The principal boiler plate and sheet iron mills of the 
United States are centered geographically about Philadel- 
phia : — 

East of the Delaware there are but two mills, both Tons. 

at Jersey City, which made in 1856 . . 550 

In E. Pennsylvania on the Schuylkill and lower 
Susquehanna there are 25 mills which made in 
1856 21,218 

Near Wilmington, Delaware, 3 mills made . . 1,374 

Between Wilmington and Baltimore 1 mills made 2,998 

In Pittsburg 14 mills make, beside bars, rods, ') 

hoops and nails, boiler iron . . 3,212 >- 9,649 
and sheet iron to the extent of . . 6,437 ) 

Sheet iron at the Sharon Mill, Mercer Co. . . 500 ? 

The Bloom Mill at Portsmouth, S. Ohio, and the 

Globe Mill at Cincinnati, made about . . 2,000 

A mill for boiler plate has been erected at St. Louis. 

Total 38,639 

3. The nail mills on the other hand have but two principal 
centres; one in Southeastern New England, and one at 
Pittsburg. Many small nail mills have stopped, as the 
profit has been reduced to the lowest point by competition. 
It is not so easy to obtain the amount of nails made, because 
many mills still include nails among their productions for 
their home market. The following table will approximate 
to the truth in the matter of production : — 



In South East New England 12 mills made (1856) Tons. 

of nails principally ...... 25,000 

Troy, New York 4,000 

Rockaway, Boonton, (2) N. Jersey, nails, spikes . 8,250 
In Southern New Jersey ..... 4,167 
On the Schuylkill were made in 5 mills about . 9,000 
On the lower Susquehanna in 2 mills about . . 2,600 
In middle Pennsylvania in 2 mills about . . 2,000 

In Maryland at 2 mills 2,155 

In Richmond 1 mill . . . . . . 1,075 

In Pittsburg 14 mills made nails, spikes, rivets, tacks 14,195 
In Wheeling 2 mills made . . . . . 6,465 

In Ironton, Southern Ohio, 1 mill made . . 775 

In Mahoning Co. N. E. Ohio, 1 mill made . . 380 

In Buffalo ........ 1,400 

Total, nails 81,462 

4. It is not easy to state the amount of tons of manu- 
factured iron other than rails, plates and nails made in the 
rolling mills, as the rolling mill returns are less complete 
than any other kind, and more complicated. But Mr. 
Charles E. Smith has successfully undertaken to do this in 
statements to occupy the following pages, by an analysis of 
the already published records, showing that, the total product 
of the rolling mills of the United States being 498,081 tons, 
the amount of manufactured iron other than rails, plates and 
nails, falling under this fourth head, is 240,000 tons. 

J. P. LESLEY, Secretary/. 



Statements showing the American production, the importation, and the total consumption of each kind 

of iron, in the United States for the year 1856. 



COMPILED FROM THE TOREGOING TABLES, BY CHARLES E. SMITH. 



Product of . 


Anthracite Pig Iron in 1856. 








Tons. 


Massachusetts, 


3 furnaces,* 


3,443 


Connecticut, 


1 




0,000 


New York, 


14 




47,257 


New Jersey, 


4 




26,117 


Pennsylvania, 


93 




306,972 


Maryland, 


6 




10,720 


Total anthracite. 


121 




1856. Av. value 


$25 in Phila. 


, $9,862,725 




1858. " " 


20 


7,890,180 





Product of CoJce Pig Iron in 1856. 



Pennsylvania, 


21 furnaces. 


39,953 


Maryland, 


3 


4,528 


Total coke. 


24 




1856. Av. value $25 


$1,112,025 




1858. " " 21 

r 


934,101 





Product of Raw Bituminous Goal Pig Iron in 1856. 
Pennsylvania, 6 furnaces, 8,417 

Ohio, 13 " 16,656 

Total raw coal, 19 

1856. Average value $25, $626,825 

1858. " " 21, 526,533 



Tons. 



394,509 



44,481 



25,073 



* Tlie works here set down are only those running, or in running 
order. 

t The discrepancy between this and Mr. Lesley's figures in the 



Product of (Jliarcoal Pig Iron in 1856. 



Maine, 


1 furnace, 


2,100 


New Hampshire, 


1 




000 


Vermont, 


5 




2,420 


Massachusetts, 


7 




8,564 


Connecticut, 


14 




12,876 


New York, 


29 




21,774 


New Jersey, 


6 




2,100 


Pennsylvania, 


143t 




96,154 


Maryland, 


21 




26,470 


Virginia, 


39 




14,828 


North Carolina, 


3 




450 


South Carolina, 


4 




1,506 


Georgia, 


7 




2,807 


Alabama, 


3 




1,495 


Tennessee, 


41 




28,476 


Kentucky, 


30 




36,563 


Ohio, 


41 




70,355 


Indiana, 


2 




1,800 


Illinois, 


2 




1,800 


Missouri, 


7 




10,138 


Wisconsin, 


3 




2,500 


Michigan, 


7 




3,678 


Total charcoal. 




416 




1856. Average value $30, 


$10,465,620 




1858. 


24, 


8,392,496 




Total product of pig 


iron in 


1856, 




Total number of furnaces running, or in 


running 


order, 580. 









348,854 



812,917 



table on page 167 is due to the fact that there is an interval of two 
years between the dates of the two tables, the one representing the 
furnaces in working order in 1856, the other in 1858. 



1^=- FOR THE EXCLIJSIVE USE OF THE MEMBERS- 

173 



Product in Blooms and Bars made direct from the ore iy the 

Bloomary or Catalan process, in 1856. 
Amount brought up, 812,91'! 



Yermont, 


5 bloomaries, 


1,650 


New York, 


42 


i8,no 


New Jersey, 


48 


4,48t 


North Carolina, 


36 


1,182 


South Carolina, 


2 


640 


Georgia, 


4 


40 


Alabama, 


14 


252 


Tennessee, 


50 


1,222 


Michigan, 


3 


450 


Total product of 


204 





Of this quantity 7,000 tons were bars, 

21,633 " " blooms. 
1856. Average value $50 00, $1,081,650 
1858. InTroy, N.Y.* 37 50, 811,237 



28,633 



Grand total production of iron from the ore, 1856, 841,550 

Statement of the total quantity of iron of all kinds consumed 
in domestic forges, rolling mills, and foundries, viz: — 

Domestic product from the ore above 

stated, 841,550 tons. 

Deduct quantity sold in bars immediately 
to customers by bloomaries, and there- 
fore not entering into the manufactures 
embraced by this table, 



7,000 



Scraps, imported, 

" domestic (estimated), 
Old rails, 
Scotch pig imported, 



834,550 
10,320 
25,000 

100,000 
55,403 



Total 1,025,273 



Ofihis total, excepting Scotch pig therefrom, the follow- 
ing are the proportions of pig, scrap, and old rails respect- 
ively consumed by domestic forges, rolling mills and foundries. 
Amount last stated, 1,025,273 

Deduct Scotch pig, 55,403 

969,870 



By forges, product, 
Waste, 


53,244 

17,748 


70,992 


By rolling mills, product, 
Waste, 


498,081 
124,520 




f Deduct blooms, 


622,601 
60,877 


561,724 
337,154 


By foundries, domestic pig, 





It is impossible to make such an analysis of the foregoing 
statement, as shall show, separately, the exact amount of 
pig, and of scrap, respectively taken by the forges and the 
mills ; but an approximate estimate may be made. Assum- 
ing that the country, or refinery forges take no scrap ; and 
that the others use only scrap (which is very nearly the fact), 
we shall obtain the following as the consumption of domestic 
pig iron : — 

Domestic pig consumed by the forges, 52,325 
" " rolling mills, 423,438 

" " foundries, 337,154 



969,870 

The Scotch pig imported was all consumed by the foun- 
dries ; making, with the domestic pig, a total for this class 
of works, of 392,557 tons of pig. 



* The largest market for this kind of iron, 
t The total blooms produced from ore is 
Sold direct in bars, 



28,633 
7,000 



21,633 
Total blooms by refinery forges, 53,244 

Made into bars and shapes, 14,000 

The waste in making which is added under the head 

of forges in the text, 39,244 39,244 



Making the total stated on page 172, 



812,917 



The product in 1856, of the forges, not bloomaries, con- 
suming pig and scrap, was as follows : — 



Total blooms going into mills. 



60,877 



New Hampshire, 


1 


forge. 


600 tons. 


Massachusetts, 


5 


forges. 


1,850 




Connecticut, 


6 




1,950 




New York, 


3 




1,360 




New Jersey, 


2 




671 




Pennsylvania, 


111 




31,727 




Maryland, 


2 




480 




Yirginia, 


43 




2,995 




Kentucky, 


4 




4,511 




Tennessee, 


9 




6,195 




Missouri, 


3 




905 




Total pi'oduct of 




189 




53,244 



Of this quantity there were made into bars, car and car- 
riage axles, locomotive tire, shafts, anchors, and various 
shapes, about, 14,000 tons. 

And into blooms, 39,244 " 

1856. Average value Bars, &c., $120, $1,680,000 
" " Blooms, 80, 3,139,520 

$4,819,520 



1858. 



Average value Bars, &c., $100, $1,400,-000 

" Blooms, 70, 2,747,080 

$4,147,080 



The product of the rolling 


mills in 


1856 was as follows : — 


Maine, 


1 


mill, 


4,500 tons. 


Massachusetts, 


19 


mills. 


65,292 


Rhode Island, 


2 


a 


4,475 


Connecticut, 


5 


ti 


5,759 


Yermont, 


1 


11 


500 


New York, 


13 


(( 


55,172 


New Jersey, 


10 


(( 


28,403 


Pennsylvania, 


91 


It 


241,484 


Delaware, 


4 


(< 


2,211 


Maryland, 


13 


it 


14,812 


Yirginia, 


12 


11 


26,355 


North Carolina, 


1 


II 


215 


South Carolina, 


3 


It 


1,210 


Georgia, 


1 


11 


900 


Tennessee, 


3 


i< 


2,680 


Ohio, 


15 


It 


30,980 


Kentucky, 


7 


<i 


16,865 


Indiana,^ 


1 


11 


000 


Illinois,^ 


1 


11 


000 


Missouri, 


4 


11 


4,420 


Michigan, 


2 


11 


1,848 


Total product of 




209 


498,081 



t Not completed at this date. 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by J. P. LESLEY, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 
United States in and for the Eastern District of the State of Pennsylvania. 



174 



Looking at our subject from the point of view of con- 
sumption, we find tbat the following statement will represent 
the quantity of iron of all kinds used in every form of domestic 
manufacture for general consumption, viz : — 
Total of domestic iron produced from ore as 

before stated on page 113, 841,550 tons. 

*Pig iron imported, 55,403 

*Rolled and hammered do., 298,215 

*Scraps do., 10,320 



Total imported, 
To which add by estimate, old rails 

re-worked— -domestic, 100,000 

Scrap collected and sold, 25,000 



363,998 



125,000 



Grand total, 



1,330,548 tons. 



Examining the history of this total to ascertain the quan- 
tity and kinds of rolled and hammered iron, obtained from 
all sources, consumed in the U. States during 1856, we find 



the following details : 



Rails, 

Boiler and sheet, 

Nails (2,645 machines), 

Bar, rod, band, and hoop. 

Hammered bars & shapes, 

Amount of finished wrought 

iron which entered into 

general consumption in 

1856, 

To ascertain the percentage respectively, of foreign and 
domestic iron of all kinds, which entered into general con- 
sumption in the year 1856, we have 

Domestic. Foreign. Total. 

Rolled and hammered, as above, 519,081 298,215 811,356 
Pig iron, 331,154 55,403 392,551 



Domestic 


Imported. 


Total 


product. 


Tons. 


consumed. 


Tons. 




Tons. 


142,555 


161,400 


309,955 


38,639 


15,053 


53,692 


81,462 




81,462 


235,425) 
21,000| 


115,822 


312,241 


-519,081 


298,215 


811,356 



856,235 353,618 1,209,913 
Which results give the proportion of 10 per cent, domestic, 
to 30 per cent, foreign. 

The 21,000 tons mentioned above as domestic hammered 
bars and shapes, were produced as follows : — 
By bloomaries, bars, 1,000 tons. 
By forges proper, 14,000 " • 

Total, 21,000 tons. 

The quantity of foreign imported hammered iron cannot 
be exactly ascertained because of a change in the Treasury 
classification, which took place in 1854, by which rolled and 
hammered bars are included in one class as "bar iron." 
For the 6 years previous to 1854, the amount of hammered 
bars averaged about 20,000 tons, which is probably nearly 
correct at this time. 

Domestic, 21,000 
Foreign, 20,000 

Total consumption of hammered iron, 41,000 



Of the total domestic production of pig, and rolled and 
hammered iron above stated, viz., 856,235 tons, the follow- 
ing are the quantity and value, shown with reference to the 
various kinds of product : — 

* To obtain the closest practicable approximatioii of imports for 
the calendar year 1856, the official returns for the fiscal years end- 
ing the 30th of June, 1856 and 1857, have been averaged together. 
The result is as in the text. 



1S58. 



Price. Amount. Price. Amount. 

337,154 tons foundry pig, $28t $9,440,312 $22 00 $7,417,388 

142,555 " rails, 63 8,980,965 4-< 00 6,842,640 

38,639 " boiler and sheet, 120 4,636,680 100 00 3,863,900 

81,462 " nails, 84 6,842,808 67 50 5,498,685 

235,425 " bar, rod, b'd, hoop, 65 15,302,625 57 50 13,53^,937 

21,000 " hammered iron, 125 2,625,000 100 00 2,100,000 



856,235 « 



$47,828,390 



$39,259,550 



The total domestic pig iron made was 812,911 
Amount imported, 55,403 

Total pig iron consumed for all purposes, 868,320 

Total number of Iron Works. 
Anthracite blast furnaces, 121 

Coke " " 24 

Raw bituminotTs coal " " 19 

Charcoal " " 416 

Total number of blast furnaces, 580 

Bloomaries, 204 

Forges, 189 

Rolling mills, 209 

Total of all kinds, running or in running order, 1,182 

Number of double puddling furnaces in the mills, 208 
single " " 1,054 

Total number in the rolling mills, counting 

the double furnaces as equal to two, 1,410 

Number in the forges, 34 

Total number in the United States, 1,504 

Total number of bloomary fires, 442 

" " refinery or forge fires proper, 496 

" " nail machines, 2,645 

In conclusion, it is proper to remark that the materials 
from which the foregoing summary has been prepared were 
obtained chiefly through the indefatigable industry of Mr. J. 
P. Lesley, Secretary of the Association, assisted by Mr. Jos. 
Lesley, Jr., and Mr. B. A. Lyman, during a period of nearly 
two years, at an expense of about six thousand dollars, de- 
frayed entirely by the voluntary contributions of the members 
of the Iron Association. 

The want of full and reliable information on the subject 
has been long felt, and several previous attempts had been 
made to procure it ; but when the parties to these, after 
more or less progress in the accomplishment of their design, 
came fully to appreciate the vast field which it was necessary 
to canvass, and the great labor and expense incident to their 
purpose, they abandoned it in despair. 

This comprises, therefore, the first and only complete state- 
ment of the iron industry of the Union. No expense or pains 
have been spased to make it perfectly accurate. In so ex- 
tended an inquiry some errors of detail are to be expected, 
and such, no doubt, will be found, although not at present 
known to exist. No error, however, can be discovered which 
will affect the general result. The tables are as accurate as 
it is possible, from the nature of the case, to make them. 

The great facts demonstrated are, that we have nearly 
1,200 efBcient works in the Union ; that these produce an- 
nually about 850,000 tons of iron; the value of which in 
an ordinary year is fifty millions of dollars. Of this amount 
the portion expended for labor alone is about $35, 000, 000. | 



t Estimating 302,154 tons at $27, and 35,000 tons of cold blast 
charcoal iron for car wheels, malleable castings, and extra ma- 
chinery, at $35. Average $28. 

% The proportion of labor in the price of a ton of pig iron is 
about 60 per cent. In rails and bar iron about 66 per cent. In 
the smaller and finer descriptions of iron about 75 per cent. 



:i.:: \'y. 



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.59 I 



